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The Case of Lviv Oblast) Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 2017, 7(2), 98–107 DOI 10.4467/24512249JG.17.018.6634 INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF A BORDERLAND REGION (THE CASE OF LVIV OBLAST) Myroslava Knysh (1), Anna Smaliychuk (2) (1) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) (2) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] Citation Knysh M., Smaliychuk A., 2017, Integral assessment of economic security of a borderland region (the case of Lviv Oblast), Jour- nal of Geography, Politics and Society, 7(2), 98–107. Abstract In the article, criteria and indicators of economic security assessment of administrative and territorial units of a region are suggested. Component and integral spatial-temporal assessment of economic security of the Lviv Oblast is carried out using principal component analysis. Future scenarios of ES of the Lviv Oblast are suggested based on results of SWOT analysis. Key words Economic security, Lviv Oblast, criteria, indicators, components of economic security, integral economic security, scenarios. 1. Introduction A significant contribution to the study of vari- ous aspects of national and regional ES has been In the context of globalization and market economy, done by Ukrainian scientists (Шлемко, Бінько, 1997; risks of economic activity, economic vulnerability Геєць, 1999; Мунтіян, 1999; Пастернак-Тарану- and interdependence of regions at all levels, what шенко, 2002; Пономаренко, Клебанова, Чернова, in Ukraine is accompanied by long transformation 2004; Герасимчук, 2006; Новікова, Покотиленко, in economy, are increasing. Considering this, safety 2006; Сухоруков, 2009; Варналій, 2011). studies in various areas of public life, including econ- The issue of economic security in Ukrainian stud- omy, are particularly relevant. Economic security ies was considered in the late twentieth century; it (ES) as an important component of national security was developed mainly by economic scientists, but is in the focus of scientists at various levels – from the concept of „economic security” is extremely global to local. However, in scientific literature, it broad, and its definition is yet not fully formed (На- is usually examined at the state level that makes it конечна, 2010), several approaches to definition of impossible to consider the effectiveness of using of the term can be found: local resources of regions and their impact on the ES 1. Ability of economy to resist or prevent threats. of spatial entities of higher taxonomic ranks. 2. Protection condition of interests at all levels. Integral assessment of economic security of a borderland region (the case of Lviv Oblast) 99 Fig. 1. Qualitative assessment of transition of security-danger condition Source: Own studies based on Наконечна, 2011; Герасимчук, 2006. 3. Level of availability and effective use of re- qualitative and quantitative assessment. The criteria sources. allow analyzing both retrospective and current state 4. Economy condition that ensures sovereignty, in- of economic security of an administrative-territorial dependence and sustainable development. unit, and also making forecasting with the use of 5. Integral – as integration or a combination of the mathematical methods. Qualitative assessment is above four approaches. detected in ES conditions – danger, threat, risk, secu- Social and geographical aspects of economic secu- rity, and quantitative – in the setting of threshold of rity studies which are largely ignored by scientists its being in a particular condition (Fig. 1). For quali- are manifested through: 1) factors of internal and tative assessment, a system of indicators is selected external environment that influence formation of and threshold values of ES are set, violation of which ES; 2) geospatial organization of ES in general and causes adverse trends (Наконечна, 2011). its individual components in particular; 3) spatial ap- In the process of research of geospatial organiza- proach in the course of development of measures tion of an oblast region ES (in terms of administra- to guarantee ES. Considering advantages and dis- tive-territorial units – raions (districts) and cities of advantages of these approaches and taking into ac- oblast importance), arises the problem of adequate count social and geographic aspects of our research, replacement of important, or even basic indicators it is suggested to treat „economic security of a region” (such as gross regional product), which are inde- as a geospatial organization of economy of a region pendent parameters and are the basis for determin- as a whole and its individual components in particu- ing of relative indexes at national and regional levels. lar, which is formed under the influence of favorable In this regard, the following principles of selection of factors and allows keeping sustainable development ES indicators are proposed: able to meet the economic needs of a region in the 1. Principle of hierarchy – correspondence of statis- context of national interests (Наконечна, 2010). tic data to the level of economic research. 2. Principle of universality – presence of indexes at all levels of research. 2. Criteria and indicators of economic security 3. Principle of adequacy – replacement of indexes of an oblast level of higher level with indexes of lower level. 4. Principle of temporal consistency – values of in- Level of ES is manifested through a system of criteria dexes should be selected during the same time that are considered as classification attributes of its period. Tab. 1. Indicators of measurement of economic security of region administrative-territorial units ES ES com- Indicators com- Indicators ponent ponent Expenditures of local budgets for social security, Fertility rate, ‰ UAH. per person Expenditures of local budgets for education, UAH. Mortality rate, ‰ per person Expenditures of local budgets for healthcare, UAH. Child mortality rate, persons per 1000 of live born per person Availability of hospital beds for population, per 10 Social Balance of intra-regional migration thousand of population Availability of doctors for population, per 10 thou- Demographic Balance of external migration sand of population The number of patients with first time established The total fertility rate (average number of children diagnosis of alcoholic psychosis, per 100 thousand born to a woman over lifetime), persons of population 100 Myroslava Knysh, Anna Smaliychuk The number of patients with first time established Demographic load of handicapped population at diagnosis of drug addiction and toxicomania, per able-bodied, % 100 thousand of population Ratio of average monthly earnings to the total Ratio of population aging (above 65 years), % oblast level, % Number of registered crimes, per 100 thousand of Іndex of investment in fixed capital, % to previous population year Housing availability for population , m2 per person Investment in fixed capital, UAH. per person Ratio of net increase of foreign direct investment Arrears of wages, UAH. per employee to GRP, % Share of foreign investors in investments in fixed Registered unemployment rate, % capital, % Coverage of children by preschool institutions, % Volume of FDI, usd. per one person Availability of teachers, per 10 thousand of pupils Investment Ratio of investment to the cost of fixed assets, % Emissions of harmful substances into the atmos- Degree of wear of fixed assets, % phere by stationary pollution sources, ton / km2 Emissions of harmful substances into the atmos- Share of innovatively active enterprises (IAE) in the phere by stationary pollution sources, kg per total number of industrial enterprises, % person Emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles, Share of financing of innovative activities in the kg / person GRP, % Emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles, Share of enterprises that sell their products for ton / km2 export among all innovatively active enterprises, % Share of enterprises that have introduced innova- Contaminated wastewater, m3 per km2 Ecological tions in the total volume of the IAE, % Share of enterprises that sold innovative products Share of normative treated waters of wastewater % in the total volume of the IAE, % Use of fresh water for agricultural and potable Share of innovative products sold for export in needs, m3 per person Innovational total volume of innovative products sold, % Production of waste of I-III classes of hazard, Share of innovative products in volume of indus- kg per km2 trial products sold, % Deforestation, % Share of innovative products in export of goods, % Volume of products sold, UAH. per person Coefficient of inventive activity, Volume of industrial products sold, UAH. per Volume of GRP per person person Share of manufacturing in total volume of indus- Ratio of GRP to the average in an oblast trial products sold, % Share of engineering in the volume of manufactur- Ratio of GRP per person to the average value in an ing products sold, % oblast Volume index of industrial production to previous Volume of freight turnover per person year, % Number of small enterprises, per 10 thousand of Ratio of export volume to GRP population Industrial Share of products sold by small enterprises in the Ratio of import volume to GRP volume of products sold by all enterprises, % Operating activity margin, % Coefficient
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