SENATE April 14 White to Do It

6288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE April 14 white to do it. Not to build highways in partisan measure, with all the Republicans are not accustomed by the expenditure of Arabia while our people drown for the lack in the House voting against it. funds than the Supreme Court can force its of levees; not to 'train farmers of ;foreign So, you see when I mentioned "Cabbages philosophy upon us of the South by the lands to grow rice when our farmers starve and Kings" and "Potatoes and Things," I use of troops. because of acreage reductions due to the couldn't be far wrong in saying they are Every major problem can be broken down loss of foreign markets. related. Certainly, we should worry about to small problems-if you solve the small President' Eisenhower told us one day that and work toward the friendship of King ones, there will be no large ones to defeat if we should seek only to arm and create Saud, but not to the exclusion of help to weapons for war and not protect and de our farmers. We should strive to keep the you. That is true of our State and Nation. velop our own natural resources, that we Suez Canal open to world traffic, but not It is true of your efforts in the development would enter an age of peril. We are still to the extent of cost that precludes the of our sweet potato economy. Certainly, you waiting for the administration to place this dredging of the Calcasieu River where our will continue to have problems. I can only piece of philosophy into effect. Only this own ships go aground. hope our Government can approach its week I saw for the first time the rivers and You can no more force the people of Cam problems with the same commonsense and harbors and flood control bill treated as a bodia to accept a way of li;fe to which they perseverance as you have faced yours.

expenses incurred by the Civil Service Com that a free exchange of ideas and artistic SENATE mission in making certain beneficial asso talent between the United States and ciation assumption agreements and to ex Russia is in the best interests of this MoNDAY, APRIL 14, 1958 t end the time for making such- agreements. country. Rev. William Byrd Lee, retired Epis There is no stamp of nationality on copal minister, Richmond, Va., offered MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT artistic genius. The power of the artist the following prayer: transcends national boundaries. Messages in writing from the President We have had a clear demonstration of Most gracious God, we humbly be of the United States submitting nomina this truth during the past weekend. -A seech Thee, as for the people of these tions were communicated to the Senate young man from Kilgore, Tex., has won United States in ge11eral, so especially by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. the great international piano competi for their Senate in Congress assembled, tion in Moscow. that Thou wouldst be pleased to direct EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Van Cliburn's playing won the hearts and prosper all their consultations, to of his Russian listeners. All the tensions the advancement of Thy glory, the safety, As in executive session, of the cold war could not stop the power honor, and welfare of Thy people; that The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be of his music. all things may be so ordered and set fore the Senate messages from the Presi Van Cliburn was raised in east Texas. tled by their endeavors, upon the best dent of the United States submitting His mother was his only teacher until 6 and surest foundations, that peace and sundry nominations, which were re years ago. Now, in his hour of triumph, happiness, truth and justice, may be ferred to the appropriate committees. the people of Texas and of all America established among us for all generations. the New York Times of April 12, 1958} with. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With out objection, it is so ordered. RUSSIANS CHEER UNITED STATES PIANIST, 23, FOR BRILLIANCE IN MOSCOW CONTEST ENROLLED BILL SIGNED DURING (By Max Frankel) ADJOURNMENT RESEARCH INTO PROBLEMS OF Moscow, -April 11.-A boyish-looking, Under authority of the order of the FLIGHT WITHIN AND OUTSIDE curly-haired young man from Kilgore, Tex., THE EARTH'S A'I_:MOSPHERE took musical Moscow by storm tonight. Senate of April 3, 1958, Van Cliburn, a 23-year-old pianist, played The PRESIDENT pro tempore an Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi in the finals of the International Tchaikovsky nounced that on April 4, 1958, he signed dent, on behalf of the distinguished competition. He dazzled the audience with the enrolled bill Piano Concerto tion, inspection, maintenance, and repair of VAN CLIDURN, OF TEXAS in D minor, he received a standing ovation. power or train brakes; and Even some of the jurors applauded. Shouts S. 1740. An act to authorize the payment Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi of "Bravo" rang out for 8Y2 minutes until from the employees' life insurance fund of dent, I have often expressed my belief · the judges permitted a violation of the con- 1958 CONGRESSIONAL. . RECORD-. SENATE 6289 test rules and sent Mr. Cliburn out for a Mr. Cliburn brought to the stage of the [From the Baltimore Sun of April 14, 1958] second bow. Tchaikovsky Conservatory a formidable tal TEXAS PIANIST WINS IN MOSCOW CONTEST- Backstage, Emil Gllels, one of the leading ent, combining great technical skill with a TCHAIKOVSKY PRIZE OF $6,250 Is VOTED FOR Soviet pianists and chairman of the inter robust and crowd-appealing emotional style. 23-YEAR.-0LD IN SOVIET COMPETITION national jury in the contest, embraced the And that is comparable to bringing a copy young American. So did other jurors, and of Marx to the Kremlin. NEW YoRK, April 13.-The Columbia Broadcasting System's Moscow correspond Kiril P. Kondrashin, who had conducted. A FRUSTRATED ACTOR Members of the orchestra stood on stage to ent said tonight Van Cliburn, 23-year-old join in the applause. Mr. Cliburn, who concedes that he is a New York and Texas pianist, has been voted Although 6 .other young pianists were frustrated actor, says he has to have people the winner of the Soviet Tchaikovsky piano still to perform in the finals, including 3 around to perform at his best. That wish competition. highly rated Russians, conservatory students was eminently fulfilled here. He has been A recorded statement from Paul Niven, the were shouting "First prize" throughout the mobbed everywhere, by fans, autograph seek CBS correspondent, said the panel of judges ovation for Mr. Cliburn. Alexander M. Gol ers, and girls bearing flowers. The audi from the Soviet Union and other Commu denweiser, white-haired octogenarian who ences responded at once to his playing and nist east European countries picked Cliburn is dean of Soviet pianists and a contempo his displays of rapture at the piano. from among the 9 finalists, including 1 other rary of Rachmaninoff, said he had never Some of the six Russian members of the American. heard the concerto played better since Rach contest jury made no secret of their admira PRIZE IS $6,250 maninoff last performed it. He walked down tion for his talent and training. They con The other American is Daniel Pollack, of the center aisle mumbling "genius." fessed to Mark Schubart, dean of the Juilli Los Angeles, who played in the final concert It is far from certain that Mr. Cliburn will ard School of Music, that they had no idea tonight. win first prize in the competition. The nine of "your wonderful school." Mr. Cliburn is a CBS said Niven emphasized that the in finalists are all first-rate and include an graduate of Juilliard. formation will not be official until it .is an other American, Daniel Pollack of Los An Still, the Russians could take part credit nounced at noon Moscow time Monday. But geles. But Mr. Cliburn is clearly the popu for the winner's training. His teacher at that it was learned from what he called un lar favorite and all Moscow is wondering Juilliard was Rosina Lhevinne, a graduate of impeachable sources that Cliburn was picked whether an American will walk off with top the Moscow Conservatory, who left Russia be by the panel for $6,250 top prize. honors. fore the Communists came to power in 1917. CBS said Cliburn confirmed his triumph in The results will be announced Monday. There has been only one other teacher in a telephone conversation set up by the The competition is not just another cul Mr. Cliburn's life. He toddled up to her at broadcasting system between the youth and tural event here. It has gripped the city the age of 3 and demanded that if his mother his parents in Kilgore, Tex. as the baseball world series captivates Amer could train all the other children in the Cliburn's parents are Mr. and Mrs. Harvey icans. neighborhood, she should teach her only L. Cliburn. His father is an executive of the Mr. Cliburn, a graduate of the Juilliard child as well. Rilda O'Brian Cliburn, her Magnolia Oil Co. His mother, Rildia Bee School of Music who had been taught only self a concert pianist, agreed and until he Cliburn, was her son's only piano teacher by his mother until he was 17, lives at 205 was 17 she taught him all she had learned until he went to New York Juilliard School of West 57th Street in New York. He is from Arthur Friedheim, who in turn had Music in 1951. tall and thin and has a powerful 12- studied under Franz Liszt. They asked him, "Is it so?" note span. His physical endurance seems to At Kilgore High School young Cliburn Cliburn answered that it was. be a match for his musical ability, for he played a clarinet and marched at football In Kilgore, Mrs. Cliburn said, "We're. performed two concertos and a shorter piece games, but Liszt, Chopin, Tchaikovsky, and thrilled to death. I am so overwhelmed with this evening only 9 hours after he had especially Rachmaninoff, among other ro joy and gratitude I hardly know what to played the entire program in rehearsal. mantics, were his idols. Aware of his own say." · Besides the Rachmaninoff, he played the talents and some weaknesses ("I love to play She said her son's prize-winning venture Tchaikovsky Firs-t Piano Concerto in B minor but I despise practicing"), the maturing came on his first trip outside the United and a rondo composed for the competition pianist seems also to have developed a States. "I don't know what he will do with by Dmitri Kabalevsky. The latter works are dramatic public personality. the money," Mrs. Cliburn said. required pieces in the finals. ''I've never known such joy,'' is the way he "He sounded very calm and so pleased and But it is generally conceded here that, de described the Moscow competition with word overjoyed. He was as happy as could be," spite his talent, it is the fact that he is the and gesture. she said. product of an American education that has At the age of 12 he made his debut with Mrs. Cliburn said Van told them he plans propelled Mr. Cliburn to fame here. He has the Houston Symphony, playing the Tchai to give a piano concert in Moscow next Fri taken Moscow not only by storm but by sur kovsky concerto No. 1 that was required of day and leave after that for a tour of a prise. The outcome of the contest seemed finalists in the Moscow contest. In 1954, number of Russian cities. almost of secondary importance tonight. shortly after graduation from Juilliard, he "He said they hn.ve been wonderful to him again played the Tchaikovsky in his New over there," she added. TALL AT THE KEYBOARD York debut with the Philharmonic under She said she started giving him piano Moscow, April 13.-A native of the Amer Dmitri Mitropoulos. lessons at the age of 3. "I recognized he had unusual talent then." ican Deep South who is the son of an oil WINNER OF MANY PRIZES company employee and a beneficiary of the Van asked his parents during the trans Rockefellers-that is who stands as the He has won many prizes, including the Atlantic call, "Have you heard the news?" cynosure of Moscow today. Edgar N. Leventritt Award in 1954 and a They said they had and he told them, "It's His name is Van Cliburn, and he now lives W alter Damrosch prize for postgraduate official." in New York. In the first days of the Tchai studies at Juilliard. But 20 orchestral dates CLIBURN HAILED HERE kovsky international piano and violin festi around the country in 1955 kept him from Van Cliburn, the young winner of the So val, when he emerged from among 49 con graduate study. viet Tchaikovsky piano competition in Mos testants here as the darling of the serious Mr. Cliburn based himself in New York, cow, was greeted enthusiastically when he listeners · and the bobby-soxers alike, they in an apartment at 205 West 57th Street, for performed in Baltimore in 1955. called him the American genius. the long climb into the professional ranks. Not only was the then 19-year-old pianist Now that he has won the contest, the Rus He toured the United States again in 1956. hailed by local critics for possessing poten sians have dubbed him Malchik (little boy) A year ago he was inducted into the Arxny tialities of greatness, but the public warmly from the South. in Dallas, but was released after 2 days be applauded his appearance with the Baltimore Both titles seem apt. Despite his slender cause of a blood condition. and Ohio Glee Club at the Lyric. 6-feet 4-inch frame, Mr. Cliburn, who is 23 This broke his stride, and serious illness Cliburn in 1955 had scarcely begun his years old, is boyish in appearance. He has a in the family led him to spend much of the career. But the year before he won the cov small face, with a sharp nose and clear blue last year in Kilgore, tending to domestic eted Loventritt award and had been soloist eyes tucked under a thick head of blond, affairs and teaching his mother's classes for with many leading orchestras. curly hair. a while. Two months earlier the pedals had dropped He was born in Shreveport, La., and his He had scheduled his first European tour off his piano during a concert with the Buf speech, though patently that of a prodigy for next summer when Mme. Lhevinne wrote falo Philharmonic Orchestra. But a clari and a romantic, also betrays the fact that urging that he go to Moscow instead. With netist and sparetime piano repairman came he has not been away too long from his a new goal before him, he was able to dis to the rescue, and Cliburn completed his daddy, who lives in Kilgore, Tex., where Van cipline himself again, working from 6 to 11 concerto. spent his early years. hours a day during 2 months' preparation. If they know, the Russians have not let He probably will accept a number of Soviet Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will on that Mr. Cliburn's father is a purchasing the Senator from Texas yield to me? agent for a big United States oil company engagements and recording offers before re ("But mind you, we don't own a drop") or turning to New York to appear with Leonard Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I yield to that the Mary B. Rockefeller Foundation Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic the Senator from Arkansas. financed the young man's trip to this capi on October 19 to perform Rachmaninoff's Mr. FULBRIGHT. I wish to offer niy t al of international communism. third piano concerto. congratulations to Mr. Van Cliburn, and. 6290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 14 also to Texas for having produced such to report for the months of January and REPORT ON TORT CLAIMS PAm BY DEPARTMEN'f an outstanding genius in the field of February 1958, relating to the cooperative OF THE INTERIOR program of the United States with Mexico for A letter :from the Under Secretary of the music. the control and eradication of foot-and I agree with the majority leader that Interior, transmitting, pursuant to law, are mouth disease; to the Committee on Agri- port on tort claims paid by that Department, this is an extremely important matter re culture and Forestry. · during the fiscal year 1957 (with an accom garding our international relations. REPORT ON MILITARY CONSTRUCTION CoN panying report) ; to the Committee on the In referring to the article· which was TRACTS AWARDED WITHOUT FORMAL ADVER Judiciary. published in the New York Times, I did TISING BY NAVY DEPARTMENT SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF A CERTAIN not understand the Senator from Texas A letter from the Acting Chief of Civil ALIEN to request that there be printed in the Engineers, Department of the Navy, Wash A letter from the Commissioner, Immigra RECORD the biographical sketch of Mr. ington, D. C., transmitting, pursuant to law, tion and Naturalization Szrvice, Departme:t:ti Van Cliburn. a report of that Department covering mili of Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, a Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. If not, I tary construction contracts awarded without copy of the order suspending deportation in modify my request accordingly; and I formal advertising, for the period July 1, the case of Fuh Yu Yang, together with a wish to state that I appreciate very 1957, to December 31, 1957 (with an accom statement of the facts and pertinent provi much the contribution the Senator from panying report) ; to the Committee on sions of law as to the subject and the reasons Armed Services. for ordering such suspension (with accom Arkansas has made. REPORT ON MILITARY PRIME CONTRACTS WITH panying papers); to the Committee on the Mr. FULBRIGHT. I also call. atten BUSINESS FIRMS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR Judiciary. tion to the fact that the ninth winner in EXPERIMENTAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND RE SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALIENs the same contest is another American, SEARCH WORK who, I believe, is from California. He has WITHDRAWAL OF NAMES A letter from the Assistant Secretary of Two letters from the Commissioner, Immi an exchange grant from the Government Defense (Supply and Logistics), transmit gration and Naturalization Service, Depart program, ·and was sent to Vienna. So not ting, pursuant to law, a report on military ment of Justice, withdrawing the names of only was the No. 1 winner from the prime contracts with business firms in the Ting Su, Grace Su nee Ling Yu Ying, and United States, but the No. 9 winner was United States for experimental, develop Kum Yen Ng also known as Kun Eng, from also an American. I think the event mental, and research work, dated January reports relating to aliens whose deportation arising from the competition in Moscow 1958 (with an accompanying report); to the has been suspended, transmitted to the Sen was an outstanding contribution to bet Committee on Banking and Currency. ate on March 1, . 1957, and July 15, 1957, re ter relations among the countries. REPORT ON BORROWING AUTHORITY spectively; to the Committee on the Judi Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I am A letter from the Director, Office of Defense ciary. pleased to join the Senator from Ar Mobilization, Executive Office of the Presi REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, kansas in paying tribute to Daniel Pol dent, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report EDUCATION, AND WELFARE lack, of Los Angeles, who was the 9th on . borrowing authority, for the quarter A letter from the Acting Secretary of ended December 31, 1957 (with an accom Health, Education, and ·Welfare, transmit winner. I commend the Senator from panying report); to the Committee on Bank ting, pursuant to law, a report of that De Arkansas for the very great contribution and Currency. partment, for the- fiscal year 1957 (with an he has made in the field of international REPORT ON RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPO• accompanying report); to the Committee on exchanges. RATION LIQUIDATION FUND Labor and Public Welfare. A letter from the Administrator, Small CONSTRUCTION OF RAMA ROAD IN NICARAGUA ORDER DISPENSING WITH CALL· OF Business Administration, Washington, D. C., A letter from the Szcretary of State, trans CALENDAR transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on mitting a draft of. proposed legislation to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation authorize appropriations for continuing the Mr. JOHNSON of· Texas. Mr. Presi liquidation fund, dated December 31, 1957 construction of the Rama Road in Nicaragua dent, I ask unanimous consent that the (with an accompanying report); to the Com (with an accompanying paper); to the Com call of the calendar under the rule be mittee on Banking and Currency. mittee on Public Works. dispensed with. REPORT PRIOR TO RESTORATION OF BALANCES, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PETITIONS AND MEMO-r:tiALS Without objection, it is so ordered. A letter from the Administrative Assistant Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pur Petitions, etc., were laid before the suant to law, a report covering restoration of Senate, or presented, and referred as ORDER OJ:" BUSINESS balances withdrawn from appropriation and indicated: fund accounts, Bureau of Reclamation, as of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi December 31, 1957 (with an accompanying By the PRESIDENT pro tempore: dent, I announce, for the information of report) ; to the Committee on Government Three joint . resolutions of the Legislature the Senate, that we do not anticipate Operations. of the State of California; to the Committee on Appropriations: any rollcall votes this afternoon. We REPORT PRIOR TO RESTORATION OF BALANCES, may have .quorum calls. Senators, of COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS "Senate Joint Resolution 9 course, can make insertions in the· REc A letter from the Administrative Assistant "Joint resolution relative to the world's fair ORD and any statements they care to Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pur in Brussels make, but we do not plan to have any suant to law, a report covering restoration of "Whereas plans are now well under way major legislation before the Senate to balances withdrawn from appropriation and :for the world's fair to be held in the near day. Senators may be on notice that fund accounts, Commission of Fine Arts, as future in Brussels, Belgium; and the leadership on both sides of the aisle of January 31, 1958 (with an accompanying "Whereas testimony before the Senate For will do their best to see that they are report); to the Committee on Government eign Affairs Committee has shown that the Operations. Soviet Union is planning a $60 million ex protected so far as controversial yea hibit at the fair to impress the visitors with and-nay votes are concerned. AMENDMENT OF CIVIL AERONAUTICS ACT OF 1938, RELATING TO ELIMINATION OF HEAR• Russia's progress in the industry and the ING CERTAIN CASES arts; and "Whereas it is important to the citizens of MORNING BUSINESS A letter from the Chairman, Civil Aero the United States that this country put on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. nautics Board, Washington, D. C., transmit the best possible exhibition to the estimated Morning business is next in order. ting a draft of proposed legislation to amend 35 million people who will attend the fair; the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended, and so as to authorize elimination of a hearing in "Whereas it is believed that the $15 million EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, certain cases under section 408 (with accom requested by the administration for the panying papers); to the Committee on Inter American pavilion is a relatively small sum ETC. state and Foreign Commerce. in terms·of its effect in the worldwide battle The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be REPORT ON PAYMENT OF CLAIMS ARISING FROM for men's minds: Now, therefore, be it fore the Senate the following letters, CORRECTION OF MILITARY OR NAVAL RECORDS "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of which were referred as indicated: A letter from the Secretary of Defense, the State of California, jointly, That the Leg REPORTS ON COOPERATION WITH MEXICO IN transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on islature of the State of California respect CO!'iTROL AND ERADICATION OJ' FOOT-AND• the payment of claims arising from the cor fully memorializes the President and the MOUTH DISEASE rection of military or naval records, for the Congress of the United States to appropriate Two letters from the Assistant Secretary of period July 1, 1957, through December 31, the full $15 ~illion _requested for the. Amer Agriculture reporting, pursuant to law, that 1957 (with an accompanying report); to the ican exhibit at the world's :fair to be held : ~1 there have been no significant developments Committee on the Judiciary. Brussels; and be it further 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6291

"Resolved, That the secretary of the senate tlons the Congress of the United States to maintenance of the Nation's military pre Is directed to transmit copies of this resolu take appropriate action to augment or sup paredness, its high standards of living, and tion to the President and Vice President of plement the budget for the ensuing fiscal its economic, political, and cultural progress, the United States, to the Speaker of the year by adding thereto an item of appropria call for a high level of educational achieve House of Representatives, and to each Sen tion for construction of said Pillar Point ment on the part of all citizens; and ator and Representative from California in Breakwater; and be it further "Whereas it is essential that steps be the Congress of the United States." "Resolved, That the Legislature of Califor taken to encourage families to undertake to nia respectfully petitions the Congress of the send their children to the colleges and uni "Assembly Joint Resolution 10 United States to authorize the United States versities; and Army Corps of Engineers to proceed forth "Whereas the easing of the financial bur "Joint resolution relative to harbors of dens imposed upon families who propose to refuge for small craft with and complete the preliminary examina tions and surveys of other sites for harbors send their children to institutions of higher "Whereas there is an urgent demand for of refuge along the California coast, at inter learning would be one of the most practical harbors of refuge for fishing boats and other vals deemed adequate for the safety and pro ways of encouraging the higher education small craft along the Pacific Coast; and . tection of fishing fleets and other small craft; of gifted youth; and "Whereas the improvement and develop and be it further "Whereas a direct step toward easing these ment of such harbors of refuge will be useful "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the financial burdens could be accomplished by in augmenting the Nation's food supply by assembly is hereby directed to forward copies the Government of the United States in the facilitating the further exploration of the of this resolution to the President of the form of substantial Federal income tax re food resources of the ocean by small craft, as United States, the President of the Senate, lief to parents of college students, geared to well as providing harbor facilities and safe the Speaker of the Ho"..lse of Representatives, the annual amounts expended by parents havens of refuge from storms for fishing the Secretary of Defense, and to each United for such educational purposes: Now, there fleets and other small craft; and States Senator and Representative in the fore, be it "Whereas such harbors of refuge will fill an Congress of the United States." "Resolved. by the Senate and the Assembly urgent need of the United States Coast Guard of the State of California, jointly, That the in air and sea rescue endeavors, as well as "House Resolution 17 Congress of the United States is memorial providing harbor facilities for use of the ized to enact appropriate legislation to pro Armed Forces in the event of hostilities; and "Joint resolution relative to international vide substantial income tax relief for parents "Whereas in 1945 and 1946 the Congress of control of narcotics who are bearing the costs of providing col the United States authorized preliminary ex "Whereas the United States, from the end lege education for their children; and be it aminations and surveys with the view to the of World War II through December 31, 1956, further establishment of such harbors, which surveys spent for grants and credits to other nations "Resolved, That the secretary of the sen were recommended by the United States approximately $58 billion; and ate is directed-to prepare suitable copies of Army Corps of Engineers; and · "Whereas several of the nations to whose this resolution and transmit them to the "Whereas , there are great stretches of the support we have contributed by means of President and Vice President of the United California coast which are at present devoid foreign-aid paym·ents are among the world's States, to the Speaker of the House of Repre of harbors of refuge but along which coast principal sources of narcotics for the illicit sentatives and to each Senator and Repre are situated places adapted by nature to narcotics traffic; and· sentative f:r;om California in the Congress of ready development at cost to benefit 'ratios "Whereas during the fiscal year 1957 alone, the United States." amply justifying Congressional authorization grants to such nations, exclusive of military and appropriation; and aid furnished under the mutual-security A joint resolution of the Legislature of the "Whereas pursuant to the Report of the program, were in excess of ·approximately State of California; to the Committee on In:. Chief of Engineers, United States Army, $561 million; and terior and Insular Affairs: dated at Washington, D. C., March 22, 1948 "Whereas the Congress of the Unit-ed (embodied in House of Representatives, 80th States is presently considering the appro "Assembly Joint Resolution 7 Cong., 2d sess., Doc. No. 644}, the project priation· of additional millions of dollars for "Joint resolution relative to a sea water con , known as Pillar Point Breakwater on the continued support of these nations; version plant on Santa Catalina Island Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County, Calif., by and "Whereas legislation is pending before the action of the 80th Congress became, and ever "Whereas the failure of these nations ade Congress of the United States to establish a since has been, an authorized project; and quately to regulate and control the growth demonstration plant on Santa Catalina "Whereas the San Francisco district engi of plants from which narcotics are derived Island, Calif., for the production of fresh neer, having been furnished funds therefor, and to limit the production of narcotics to water from salt water; and completed further studies and engineering the amounts which are required to meet "Whereas in addition to the fact that the data on said breakwater project, made his medicinal demands makes the elimination location is ideal for such a plant, a serious recommendation to the South Pacific Division of illicit traffic in narcotics virtually im water shortage on the island would be Engineer of the United States Army Corps o·f possible; and alleviated: Now, therefore, be it Engineers for the general design memoran "Whereas unless the illicit traffic In nar "Resolved by the Assembly and. Senate of dum about the month of January 1957, and cotics can be eliminated untold thousands the State of California, jointly, · That the which general design memorandum was of persons in this Nation are doomed to Legislature of the State of California respect thereafter approved by the Chief of Engi suffer the living hell of narcotics addiction; fully memorializes the Congress and the Pres neers in Washington in July 1957; and Now, therefore be it ident of the United States to enact legisla "Whereas the small craft harbors com "Resolved. by the Assembly of the State of tion for the purpose·stated in this resolution mission, in- the department of natural re California, That the Assembly of the State substantially as contained -in the provisions sources of the State of California, at its of California respectfully · memorialize the of H. R. 11405 by the Honorable CECIL ·R. meeting held in Redwood City, San Mateo Congress of the United States to deny aid KING, Representative, 17th District, Cali County, Calif., on the 29th day of October to any nation which is a source of narco fornia; and be it further 1957, after careful examination and study of tics for the illicit narcotics traffic until such "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the the various reports and engineering data nation has by treaty with this country assembly be hereby directed to transmit pertaining to the project, and after viewing agreed to regulate and control effectively copies of this resolution to the President and' the site, became convinced, and by resolu the growth of plants from which narcotics Vice President of the United States, to the tion thereat unanimously adopted, that the are derived and to limit the production of Speaker of the House of Representatives, Pillar Point Breakwater was of such author narcotics only to the amounts which are and to each Senator and Representative from ized status and importance that it be given required to meet medicinal demands; and California in the Congress of the United first priority-a classification for construc be it further States." tion and completion as the first harbor of "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the as Two Joint resolutions of the Legislature refuge south of San Francisco Bay, and sembly be hereby directed to transmit copies of the State of California; to the Committee thereby and therein urged the active support of this resolution to the President and Vice on Labor and Public Welfare: ·of Vice President NIXON, United States Sen President of the United States, to the ".Assembly Joint Resolution 12 ators KNOWLAND and KUCHEL and each Cali Speaker of the House of Representatives, fornia Representative in Congress to have and to each Senator and Representative "Joint resolution relative to vocational included by the Bureau of the Budget an from California in the Congress of the education item of appropriation sufficient in amount to United States." "Whereas the spectacular achievements of permit bids and letting of contracts for the A joint resolution of the Legislature of Russian scientists, engineers, and technicians construction of said project; and the State of California; to the Committee on demand the urgent development of more "Whereas the members of the California Finance: ' technical manpower for our Nation's defense Legislature have been informed that the program; and Bureau of the Budget failed to include an "Senate Joint Resolution 7 "Whereas an · emergency need exists for item of appropriation for construction of "Joint resolution, relating to memorializing technicians and ·skilled workers to build, in said Pillar Point Breakwater: Now, therefore, the Congress of the United States to grant stall, maintain, service, and repair the equip be it tax deductions to parents of college stu ment of today and the automations of to- "Resolved. by the Assembly and. the Senate dents morrow; and . of the State of California, jointly, That the "Whereas recent developments in all c·all "Whereas a southern California research Legislature of California respectfully peti- ings and fields of endeavor indicate that the council report shows that in the Los Angeles 6292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . April· 14 area the manpower needs for craftsmen and "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the "Whereas the CongreSS' of the· United foremen wlll increase about 166 percent by assembly is directed to transmit copies of States presently has pending legislation ·in' 1960 and for operatives and kindred workers this resolution to the President and Vice troduced by United States Senators WILLIA.M: the increase will be about 139 percent; and President of the United States, to the F. KNOWLAND and THOMAS H. KUCHEL (S. "Whereas meeting these needs have been Speaker of the House of Representatives, and 617) and also legislation introduced by Con a · paramount task of vocational-technical to each Senator and Representative from gressman CLAIR ENGLE (H. R. -2798) to au programs in local high schools and technical .California to the Congress of the United thorize the multiple-purpose Auburn Dam divis~ons of the junior colleges; and States." on the American River above Folsom Lake "Whereas the need is strikingly shown by A · joint resolution of the Legislature of for construction by the United States Bu the · enrollment of over 11,000 students at .the State of California; to the Committee on reau of Reclamation; and Los Angeles Trade-Technical Junior College Post Offi.ce and Civil Service: "Whereas the multiple:-purpose project which is an increase of 15 percent over last "Assembly Joint Resolution 5 will furnish additional water wb.ich can be year; and used in the American River watershed, the "Whereas. a number of the programs at ·"Joint resolution relative to. issuance of a Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, JJ.nd areas to the school ·are on three shifts a day, there · special postage stamp on traffic safety the south; and are 2,500 applicants on the waiting lists: "Whereas the number of deaths and in "Whereas the project will produce addi ... Now, therefore, be it juries resulting from accidents on our streets and highways has steadily increased over tional power which can be employed to "Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of pump water to areas of deficiency; and the State of California, faintly, That the Leg the years and is now a serious national prob lem; and "Whereas the proposed Auburn Dam is islature of the State of California respect a part of the California water plan and the tully memorializes the President and the "Whereas under the Federal Highway Act of 1956, a great expansion of our highway project as outlined in the legislation would Congress of the United States to enact leg complement the State's efforts to meet .the islation designed to further area vocational system throughout the Nation will take place, thereby making the problem of traffic water requirements of California's rapidly education as contained in the Smith-Hughes expanding population: Now, therefore be it Act; and be it further safety of national importance; and "Whereas many local, State, and national "Resolved by the Senate and _Assembly of "Resolt•ed, That the chief clerk of the as the State of California, jointly, That the sembly be hereby directed to transmit copies organizations are engaged in carrying out programs of traffic safety in· an attempt ·to Legislature of _the State of California re of this resolution to the President and Vice spectfully memorializes the President and President of the United States, to the alleviate this problem; and "Whereas driver attitude and responsibl11ty the Congress of the United States to ap .Speaker of the House of Representatives, and prove as soon as possible .the legislation now to each Senator and Representative from are recognized as the most important factors in promoting highway safety; and pending to authorize Auburn Dam; and be California in the Congress Of the United it furthe;r . States." "Whereas studies indicate that an effec tive means of reaching the individual driver "Resolved, That the Secretary of the Sen.,. ate be hereby directed to transmit copies of "Assembly Joint Resolution 1 is through the issuance of a special postage stamp on traffic safety, since such, a stamp this resolution to the President and Vice "Joint resolution relative to Federal aid for would be a constant reminder to each citizen President of the United States; to the education of the importance of traffic safety; and Speaker of the House of Representatives; to "Whereas the State of California has, dur "Whereas the issuance of such a stamp each Senator and Representative from Cali ing the past decade, experienced the greatest would greatly· assist the many local, State, fornia in the Congress of the United States: growth 1n population in its history; and and national organizations in carrying out toW. A. Dexheimer, Commissioner of Recla "Whereas this tremendous increase in pop their vitally important programs of traffic mation; to Harry 0. Banks, director of the ulation has taxed the capacity of the public safety: Now, therefore, }?e it Department of Water Resources of the State schools to the extent that it has been nec of California; and to B. W. Cassidy, Chair "Resolved by the Assembly and the Senate man, Auburn Dam Project Committee." essary to maintain double sessions in many of the State of California, fointly, That the of the classrooms during this period; and Legislature of the State of California me Resolutions of the general court of the "Whereas in order to relieve this constant · morializes the Postmaster General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; to the need for additional classrooms the people of United States to provide for the issuance of Committee on Finance: the State of California have authorized the a special stamp on traffic safety; and be it "Resolutions memorializing the Congress of issuance of State bonds in a total sum of further the United States to adopt legislation $635 million since 1949 to provide funds with "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the as which will include medical and hospital which to construct school buildings and to 'sembly be hereby directed to transmit copies payments within the provisions of the purchase necessary school furniture and of this resolUtion to the President and Vice Social Security Act equipment. In addition, local school districts President of the United States, to the Post have bonded themselves to capacity in order "Whereas there. are a large number of per master General of the United States, to the sons in the Nation who are unable to meet to secure funds for school construction and Speaker of the House of Representatives, equipment; and the increasing cost of medical and hospital and to each Senator and Representative from expenses: Therefore be it _ "Whereas despite the amount that has California in the Congress of the United been expended for classroom construction, "Resol'l?e(L, That the general court of Mas States." sachusetts respectfully urges the Congress of many school districts are still on double A joint resolution of the Legislature of sessions due to lack of ·a suffi.cient number the United States to enact legislation which the State of California; to the Committee will include m€ldiQal and l).ospital payments of classrooms in which to conduct school and on Public Works: · classes in the district; and within the provisions. of the Social Security "Where.as estimates of needs for the fore "Senate Joint Resolution 21 Act; and be it further s~eable future are that $400 million annually "Joint resolution relative to Auburn Dam on "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions will be required for schoolhouse construc the American River be transmitted by the secretary of the Com tion if any semblance of the present shortage monwealth to the President of the United "Whereas the number of unemployed peo States, to the presiding officer of each branch 1s to be alleviated; and ple in the United States has been increas "Whereas such amount win have tb be of the Congress, and to each Member thereof ing at an alarming rate with a result that from this Commonwealth." raised by the issuance of State and local the State and Federal Governments are con school district bonds in a market which is sidering worthwhile public works projects A concurrent resolution of the Legislature presently saturated with bonds and obliga of the State of New York; to the Committee to stimulate a greater employment and pro on Finance: · tions of the State and local governmental vide new jobs; and agencies; and "Whereas there is general agreement that "Concurrent resolution memorializing Con "Whereas under present market conditions, some public works program should be initi gress to enact appropriate legislation to the sale of additional State and local school ated in addition to any possible tax cuts enable the railroad industry to compete district bonds will result in the payment of which, of course, would not assist those with other forms of transportation which excessive interest rates for funds to construct persons soon enough who are without em are aided by public funds needed classrooms and facilities; Now, there ployment, and also it is agreed that any "Whereas the railroad industry in the State · fore, be it public works program should be one which of New York because of the vast service it "Resolved . by the Assembly and Senate of would be as beneficial as possible to the provides the public as transporter of passen the State of California, jointly, That the long-range economy of the Nation; and gers and freight, as employer of more than Legislature of the State of California me "Whereas it has been proven over a num 100,000 persons earning over $430 million an~ morializes the President and Congress of ber of years that water development proj nually, as a taxpayer contributing $45 million· the ·united States to enact legislation to ects and reclamation projects generally are annually in real estate and special franchise authorize the Federal Government, or an wealth-producing projects on which the bulk taxes in the State, and as purchaser and con agency thereof, to purchase State and local of the costs are repaid by the beneficiaries sumer of goods and services amounting to school district bonds which are issued to of the projects; while at the same time, they hundreds of mlllions of dollars annually, provide funds for the construction of schools create more irrigated farms, more homes, plays a tremendously vital role in the econo and classrooms; and be _it further and more job opportunities; and my of our State and Nation; and 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6293 "Whereas it has become generally recog lation to prevent the Federal Commu national Bridge Committee: Now, therefore, nized that the railroad industry is in a pre· nications Commission from changing belt carious financial situation warranting im channel 8, Florence television station "Re.solved, '!'hat the City Council of the mediate action by Government at all levels; City of Il;lt~rnational Falls, Minn., does here and WBTW to another chaimel. by endorse and approve the proposal to co·n "Whereas a recent report of the public serv There being no objection, the concur: struct a toll-free bridge and that Governor ice commlssion of the State of New York rent resolution was referred to the Com Freeman, Senators Humphrey and Thye, confirms that ·'the entire ailing passenger mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com Congressman Blatnik, and Minnesota transportation industry is badly in need o! merce, and, under the rule, ordered to be Highway Commissioner L. P. Zimmerman be resuscitative governmental assistance"; and printed in the RECORD, as follows: informed of this action and be urged to lend "Whereas there are pending before the New their full support in obtaining approval of York State Legisiature several proposals de Concurrent resolution memorializing Con said project; be it_ further signed to provide equitable tax relief to the gress to enact legislation to prevent the "Resolved, That the InterJ+ational Bridge railroads so as to place them on a basis more Federal Communications Commission Committee, duly appointed by the city coun nearly competitive with other forms of trans· from changing channel 8, Florence tele cil, be and they hereby are individually and portation; and vision station WBTW to a_nother channel collectively commended for their past efforts "Whereas it is essential to the economy of Whereas the general assembly has learned in support of this proposed construction of a our State and Nation that the railroads con that there is now a proposal pending be toll-free bridge, and are urged to continue tinue to operate under private ownership fore the Federal Communications Commis their fine work in the future." earning a fair return so as to avoid the sion to move channel 8 assigned to Florence It is hoped that you w111 do your utmost alternative of public ownership at incal television station WBTW to North Carolina; to expedite Federal authorization so that a culable cost to the public: Now, therefore, and new toll-free bridge can be constructed be- be it Whereas many citizens of this State re tween the Falls and Fort Frances. · . "Resolved (if the assembly concur), That ceive reception through this channel which An International Bridge Committee has the Congress of the United States be me they would not receive if it were transferred been appointed by the city council. This morialized to enact appropriate legislation to another State: Now, therefore, be it committee consisting of 16 members from to: (a) obviate archaic controls originally Resolved by the senate (the house of rep the area, and a like committee is functioning enacted in an era when the railroad industry resentatives concurring), That Congress be from the Canadian side. The reception has enjoyed a transportation monopoly, so as to memorialized to enact, without delay, suit been most enthusiastic and we urge you permit the industry fairly to compete with able legislation directing the Federal Com to do all in your power on the Federal level other forms of transportation which are sub munications Commission not to move chan to facilitate this project. · stantially aided by public funds or facili nel 8, now assigned to Florence television Yours very truly, ties; (b) amend the internal revenue law to station WBTW; be it further VERNON L. PETERSON, make available to the railroad industry the Resolved, That copies of this ·resolution be City Clerk. :full advantage of any subsidy or tax forgive forwarded to the President of the United ness which may be provided it by this or States, to each United States Senator from ------any State; (c) repeal the Federal excise tax South Carolina, each Member of the :House of RESOLUTION OF DULUTH, MINN., on freight transportation and the Federal Representatives of Congress from South Car AFL-CIO CENTRAL BODY excise tax on passenger transportation; and olina, the Senate of the United States and be it further the House of Representatives of the United Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask "Resolved (if the assembly concur), That States. unanimous consent that a resolution copies of this resolution be transmitted to which I have just .received from the Du the President of the United States, the secre luth AFL-CIO central body be printed BRIDGE CONNECTING INTERNA tary of the Senate and the Clerk . of the in the RECORD, and appropriately re House of Representatives, and to each Mem TIONAL FALLS, MINN., AND FORT ferred. ber of the Congress of the United States duly FRANCES, ONTARIO, CANADA elected from the State of New York and that There being no objection, the resolu the latter be urged to devote themselves to LETTER tion was referred to the Committee on the task of accomplishing the purpose of Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, as Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and 'this resolution. the author of S. 3437 to authorize the ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "By order of the senate. building of a bridge connecting Inter as follows: "WILLIAM S. KING, Secretary. national Falls, Minn., and Fort Frances, Whereas the city of Duluth has found it "In assembly, March 26, 1958, concurred necessary to increase gas rates because of 1n without amendment. Ontario, Canada, I was pleased to re ceive a letter from the city clerk of Int ~r having to manufacture its own gas; and "By order of assembly. Whereas this manufactured gas is not sat ANSLEY B. BORKOWSKI, Clerk." national Falls, Minn., endorsing my position. isfactory due to clogging of burners and gas A resolution of the board of directors of lines; and the Chamber of Commerce of Sun Valley, I ask unanimous consent that the let Whereas hearings have been held for over Calif., favoring the enactment of legislation ter be printed in the REcORD, and appro 3 years on the petitions of different natural to repeal the excise tax on telephone calls; priately referred. gas companies desiring to serve Duluth and to the Committee on Finance. There being no objection, the letter surrounding areas: be it A resolution adopted by the City Council was refered to the Committee on Foreign Resolved, That the Duluth AFL-CIO cen of the City of Torrance, Calif., favoring the tral body go on record as urging action in enactment of legislation to reduce Federal Relations, and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: granting a permit to one of these companies taxes; to the Committee on Finance. before we f!nd ourselves without gas or with A resolution adopted by the City Council CITY OF INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN., gas of such poor B. t. u. we are unable to of the City of Torrance, Calif., relating to April 8,1958. burn it; and be it further the provision of Torrance mailing addresses Hon. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, Resolved, That we urge our Senators and for all residents of that city; to the Com United States Senate, mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. Representatives to appear before the proper Washington, D. C. commission and do everything within their A resolution adopted by the Georgetown DEAR SENATOR HUMPI-:;:REY! The following power to expedite a permit for natural gas Citizens Association, of Washington, D. C., resolution was unanimously adopted by the opposing any alteration of the east front of to our area. International Falls City Council at their reg FRANK T. McCAULEY, the Capitol Building in the city of Wash ular meeting March 31, 1958: ington; to the Committee on Public Works. "Whereas there has been and presently Recording Secretary. exists a continuing need for an international bridge connecting International Falls, Minn., CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF and Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada, in order FEDERAL PUBLIC WORKS to properly facilitate and move the ever in- PROGRAM-RESOLUTION SOUTH CAROLINA LEGISLA- creasing vehicular and pedestrian traffic be- TORE tween the two countries; and Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, at their regular meeting on April 1, 1958, Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on "Whereas the DFL International Bridge Committee was formally appointed in April the City Council of Chisholm, Minn., behalf of myself, and my colleague the 1956 to study the feasibility to construct a adopted a resolution urging the Congress senior Senator from South Carolina '[Mr. toll-free bridge between the aforementioned 9f the United States to appropriate Fed· JoHNSTON], I present, for appropriate cities and said committee has since received eral fUnds and aid for a public works pro reference, a concurrent resolution of tremendous support and approval from the gram to help offset the serious unemploy the so:ut~ . Carolina General Assembly area citizenry and-said committee has been ment situation on the Mesabe Iron memonallzmg Congress to enact legis-< expanded and is now known as the Inter- Range. 6294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 14 I ask unanimous consent that the reso prices to a higher level at which the sale of this regular board meeting held on March 26, lution be printed in the RECORD, and ap farm products wlll give farmers a fair pur ],958, respectfully urge our two Senators chasing power; and be it finally ~amely, Senator WILLIAM LANGER and Sena propriately referred. - Resolved, That copies of this resolution tor MILTON R. YouNG, together with our two There being no objection, the resolu be sent to our Members of the House and Representatives, Representative UsHER L. tion was referred to the Committee on Senate in the Congress and to other inter J3URDICK and Representative OTTO KRUEGER, Appropriations, and ordered to be printed ested officials. to vigorously oppose any attempt by the in the RECORD, as follows: Dated at Hope, Minn., March 25, 1958. President of the United States or the mo Whereas a serious unemployment and un FORREST GRASS, President. nopoly-type utility or any other person, per sons, .or groups that may attempt to in stable economic situation exists in our im BURNETT SOMMERS, mediate area and the Mesabe Iron Range, Vice President. :fluence the Congress to support this bill; with hundreds of iron-ore miners unem BETTE BEDNEY, Secretary. and be it further ployed and many more to be laid off as time "Resolved, That these two Senators and the two Representatives should use their influ goes on; and RESOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN OR Whereas this serious situation has created ence to remind the Congress of the United undue hardship and suffering upon these un GANIZATIONS OF NORTH DAKOTA States that the Rural Electrification Act was employed and their families: Now, therefore, not passed based on its economic feasibility, Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I pre but on the basis that the social standards of be and it hereby is sent for appropriate reference and ask Resolved, That the city of Chisholm, Minn., our rural people could be and should be on unanimous consent to have printed in the same level as that of the urban and city requests the Congress of the United States of the RECORD, a series of resolutions America to appropriate Federal funds and aid people. Without rural electrification, this for a public works program in this area af adopted by various organizations in the could not be accomplished because the mo fected by this serious unemployment situa State of North Dakota. noplies dominating the electric field refused There being no objection, the resolu to recognize their responsibility to the many tion and thus help relieve the undue hard thousands of people making up rural ship of these unemployed and their families; tions were received, appropriately re America. and to effectuate the securing of the same, ~erred, and ordered to be printed in the "Respectfully submitted. copies of this resolution will be sent to Hon. RECORD, as follows: "JULIUS ANDERSON, Congressman JoHN BLATNIK, Hon. Senator To the Committee on Agriculture and For "President." HUBERT HUMPHREY, and Hon. Senator EDWARD estry: THYE. "BOWMAN-SLOPE To the Committee on Finance: FRANK JENKE, "RURAL TELEPHONE MUTUAL AID CORP., "Resolution of the North Dakota Public Mayor. "Bowman, N.Dak. Service Commission urging the repeal of Attest: "At a regular meeting of the board of di the unjust and discriminatory Federal EDWARD L. KOCHEVAR, rectors of the Bowman-Slope Rural Tele excise tax upon for-hire transportation ·city Clerk. phone Mutual Aid Corp., of Bowman, N. "Whereas the Federal excise tax levied Dak., held on the 26th day of March 1958, upon for-hire transportation was a wartime ------measure designed, in addition to raising RESTORATION OF F!\.RM PRICES the following resolution was moved by Wal ter Stzegura: revenue, to discourage the private use of TO FULL PARITY LEVEL-RESO " 'Be it resolved, That whereas it is to the such transportation - facilities which were LUTION best interest of our cooperative that S. 2990 needed for movement of wax: materials and introduced in the United States Senate by personnel; and · Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the Senator HuMPHREY be enacted into law, we "Whereas World War IT has long since Lemond-Somerset Farmers Union Local, urge all of ·our friends in the Congress to ended, and the purpose for the tax no longer of Hope, Minn., has recently adopted a support it to the end that REA may be re exists; and resolution urging the Congress to restore moved from the political pressures of a par · "Whereas the transportation industry ts farm prices to a full parity level. tisan Secretary of Agriculture; and be it experiencing economic difficulties, m8.de I ask unanimous consent that the reso further more burdensome by this outmoded tax; lution be printed in the RECORD, and ap "'Resolved, That a copy of this resolution and be sent to each Member of the Congress from "Whereas a percentage tax on transporta propriately referred. the State of North Dakota.' tion service is especially harsh and burden There being no objection, the resolu - "The above resolution was seconded by C. some on residents and shippers in North tion was referred to the Committee on J. Clark and upon rollcall all directors voted Dakota, situated as we are at substantial dis Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered (aye,' and the motion was declared carried.'' tances from markets and centers of popula to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: tion: Therefore it is · Whereas agriculture is a major industry "SHEYENNE VALLEY ELECTRIC "Resolved by the Public Service Commis in this community and in Minnesota; and "COOPERATIVE, INC., sion of the State of North Dakota, That we Whereas the lowering of f~rm supports on "Finley, N.Dak. urge the Congress to recognize the fact that dairy products, wheat, corn, and the feed "Subject: Proposed electrification legisla- the Federal excise tax on transportation for grains would create increased hardship in our · tion. hire is not in the public interest and should area; and "Whereas the President of the United be repealed. Whereas price protection is needed on States has recommended to the Congress "Adopted at Bismarck, N. Dak., this 25th livestock and poultry because these products of the United States, that the rural electric day of March 1958. make up a large percentage of the cash cooperatives seek credit for a large portion "By the commission: farm income of this community; and of . their finances from private loaning "(SEAL} "ERNEST D. NELSON, Whereas the community is losing millions agencies; and · "President. of dollars in income and purchasing power "Whereas in this recommendation, the "ANSON J. ANDERSON, each year because farmers are not receiv President states that the Congress should "Commisioner. ing prices which give them a return equal only approve about 60 percent of the funds "MARTIN VAALER, to the cost of production and living; and · requested by the rural electric program; and "Commissioner. Whereas the farm credit situation is seri "Whereas the Congress of the United "Attest: ous and capital is lacking both to finance States, in 1936, made an agreement through "ELMER OLSON, 1958 operations and to make the .needed re the passage of the Rural Electrification Act, "Secretary.'' pairs and replacements on the farm; and between the United States Government and the rural electl'ic cooperatives, to the effect "Resolution of the North Dakota Public Whereas the lack of farm buying power is Service Commission urging the repeal of holding back a large volume of purchases, re that, if the cooperatives would electrify the rural area on an area coverage basis, the Fed the unjust and discriminatory Federal ex p airs, and investment in new buildings and cise tax on communications service machinery, which contribute in turn to a eral Government then would make available drop in business activity and employment in to the cooperatives the necessary amount of "Whereas the North Dakota Public Service the city: Now, therefore, be it finances from time to time, at 2 percent Commission has the duty and responsibility Resolved, That, we the Lemond-Somerset interest with a repayment period of 35 years. to regulate ·the intrastate rates and services Farmers Union Local, urge the Congress to The rural electric cooperatives entered into of telephone companies in North Dakota and take in to consideration that the best and this agreement in good faith with the Gov to prevent unreasonable discrimination; and most direct method of forestalling the grow ernment of the United States and have up "Whereas the Federal excise tax on com ing business recession and aiding small busi held their end of the bargain, whlle now the munications services was enacted as an ness in our community would be to take im President o:! the United States is asking the •emergency• tax in 1941 and was greatly in mediate steps to restore farm prices to a Government of the United States to violate creased during World War n ·to help defray full parity level; be it further the Government's responsibility insofar as war costs and to discourage unnecessary Resolved, T.bat the Congress be urged to their end of the bargain is concerned: Now, Civilian use of communications services; and oppose the recommendations for still lower therefore, be it "Whereas in 1954 Congress recognized -an farm price support levels, and instead to ap "Resolved, That the directors of the Shey unfair tax burden was being imposed upon prove measures which will restore farm enne Valley Electric Cooperative in session at the users of communications services and 1958. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 6295 reduced the excise-tax rate on those services; - about 108,000 irrlgable a;cres, and the forma access to the sacreq· precincts of our homes; nevertheless, now, long after the emergency . tion of additional districts of 200,000 more and had passed and over 12 years after the ce.ssa- . irrigable acres will have been completed by "Whereas we are convinced that church tion of host111ties at the end of World War ne.xt July 1: Now .. therefore, be it members should not hesitate to speak out on II, there is still a Federal excise tax of 10 "Resolved by the North Dakota Sta~e Wa~er _ behalf ot constructive efforts to curb the percent imposed upon local exchange -and Conservation Commission, the official State liquor industry: toll telephone services; and · agency having jurisdiction and control over "Now, therefore, we, the members of the "Whereas since telephone service is a .. the State's water resources in regular meet Dorcas Class of the Sunday School of Em necessity _for North Dakota farmers ~nd ing in the State capitol, Bismarck, N. Dak., manuel Baptist Church, Ruston, La., do householders and since few North Dakota March 31, 1958, That the Congress be and it :qereby. express our wholehearted support for businesses could do without such services, · hereby is respectfully requested and urged to the bill pending in the Congress of the communications services should no longer substantially increase the budget estimate United States of America, introduced by be taxed as a luxury item; and for the Missouri River Basin investigations Senator LANGER, which pertains to the pro "Whereas such excise taxes discriminate · for fiscal 1959 so that an allocation of ap hibition of advertising in certain mediums against the long-distance users of these serv proximately $1 million could be made avail of communications by the alcoholic bever ices who live in the State of North Dakota. a,ble to eontinue -investigations in connec age industry." and other sections of the country which are tion with the Garrison diversion unit; and removed from centers of population because. be it further · the tax is calculated as a percentage of the "Resolved, That copies hereof be trans PROHffiiTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEV- service charged; and mitted by mail to the Honorable CLARENCE . ERAGE ADVERTISING IN INTER- "Whereas the North Dakota Public Service CANNON, chairman, House Committee on Ap Commission considers the Federal excise tax propriations; the Honorable CARL HAYDEN, STATE COMMERCE-PETITIONS on communications services to be unsound, chairman, Senate Committee on Appropria-· AND RESOLUTIONS unjust, and inimical to the maintenance of tions; Senators WILLIAM LANGER and MILTON . Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I pre reasonably priced communications services R. YOUNG; Representatives USHER L. BURDICK in North Dakota; and ll.nd OTTo KRUEGER; Secretary of the Interior; sent, for appropriate reference, a series "Whereas in a similar situation after Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Water of petitions, and a resolution, relating World War I Congress repealed such an ex a,nd Power; and the Commissioner of Recla to the prohibition of alcoholic beverage cise tax: Now, therefore, be it mation. advertising in interstate commerce. r "Resolved, by the North Dakota Public "Gov. JOHN E. DAVIS, ask unanimous consent that the petitions Service Commission, That the North Dakota "Chairman, State Water , and resolution may be printed in the delegation to Congress, which is known for Conservation Commission. RECORD. its services to the people of North Dakota, "Attest: be and hereby is memorialized on behalf of "MILO W. HOISVEEN, There being no objection. the petitions the people of North Dakota to support the "Secretary, State Water and resolution were referred to the Com repeal of the unjust and discriminatory Fed Conservation Commission." mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com eral excise tax on communication services. merce, and ordered to be printed in the "Adopted at Bismarck, N. Dak., this 25th · "Whereas Senate bill 809, introduced by RECORD, without the signatures attached, day of March 1958. WILLIAM LANGER, of North Dakota, is de as follows: · "By the commission: signed to provide loans or grants to Indian To Our Senators and Congressmen: "[SEAL] "ERNEST D. NELSON, reservations to encourage industry to build With juvenile court judges, domestic cotn"t "President. industrial plants in or near reservations for judges and police officials complaining of the "ANSON J. ANDERSON, the purpose of providing employment to part played by alcohol in the deterioration• "Commissioner. Indian people; and of our homes and in the delinquency of our "MARTIN V AALER, "Whereas such a bill is in complete agree children, we again most earnestly urge you · "Commissioner. ment with the Spokane Tribe of Indians, the to pass legislation taking alcoholic beverage "Attest: Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians, and advertising off the air and out of the channels "EALMER OLSON. the National Congress of American In"dians; of interstate commerce. No civilization can "Secretary." and long survive which is destroyed from within To the Committee on Interior and Insular· "Whereas we feel the Indian people should l:)y alcohol. The glamorous and deceptive Afl'airs: be helped at home to elevate them into the advertising which becomes constantly worse, is drowning out the warnings of the home, "Resolution adopted by North Dakota State same positions as other citizens of these Water Conservation Commission, March 31, United States in all phases of life, liberty, and the school and the church with disastrous 1958 . pursuit of happiness: Now, therefore, be it · results. hereby (Signed by Mrs. Irene Grosz and 20 other "Whereas the regular 1959 budget estimate "Resolved "'9Y the Spokane Tribal Business. citizens ~f Bismarck, N.Dak.) tor Missour~ River Basin. investigations is Council, meeting in special session this 13th $900,000 below the current appropriation. To Our Senators and Congressmen: therefor; and day of January 1958, That we strongly en dorse Senate bill 809 as one of the most suit We, the citizens of your districts again "Whereas it is felt that such estimate able programs yet devised to help the Indian urge upon you action to remove alcoholic should be at least as great as the funds pro people. beverage advertising from our homes. vided for fiscal year 1958 in order to carry "GLENN F. GALBRAITH, Through your inaction this advertising has forward the most orderly and economical pro become worse, our youth problem more gram of investigational activities necessary to "Secretary, Spokane Tribal Business Council. pressing. We ask for speedy action to remedy meet construction target dates for some of this injustice to us.- the project features; and · "Approved: "FLOYD M. PHILLIPS, ( Signed by Irene M. Kraft and 53 other "Whereas the Garrison diversion unit, citizens of North Dakota.) North Dakota and South Dakota, alone, could "Superintendent." economically use twice the $487,800 allocated To the Committee on Interstate and For-. KIRKLIN, IND., July 25, 1957. to it in the 1959 estimate in order to keep eign Commerce: Hon. WILLIAM LANGER, the required work on schedule so that con · "Whereas ethyl alcohol, found in liquor~ Senate Office Building, struction on the unit can be initiated in wine, and beer, is a habit-forming drug and Washington, D. C.· fiscal year 1961, or earlier; and affects the human body as a poison; and HONORABLE LANGER: We want to commend "Whereas State and local interest in the "Whereas the number of drinking Ameri you for introducing bill S. 582 for the pur irrigation potentials thereof is tremendously cans has increased in recent years at an pose of banning alcoholic beverage advertis high, as dramatically shown at the hearing ahtrming rate, with there being more than ing interstate, and urge you to use every before ~he Subcommittee on Irrigation and 5 million alcoholics in this country, result effort to see that this bill is passed. Reclamation of the Committee on Interior ing in the ruin of millions of lives, moral . (Signed by Mrs. Lavere Padgett and 18 citi and Insular Affairs, United States House of· degeneracy, slaughter on the highways, bro zens of Indiana.) Representatives, held in Devils Lake, N.Dak .• ken homes, crowded asylums, an increasing October 30, 1957, on certain modifying legis crime rate, and a rising tide of juvenile . SEDALIA, Mo., February 7,1958. lation for the unit proposed in H. R. 7068 delinquency;. and Re blli S. 582. (and in s .. 1932), when well over 2,300 farm · "Whereas the legions of liquor, with theil: Hon .. WILLIAM LANGER, ers, business and professional men, State, Insidious slogans of graceful living have, United States Senator county, and local ofHcials, educators, and oth through the mediums of advertising, invaded Senate Office Building, ers were in attendance, and more than 50: our homes as so-called molders of men of . Washington, D. C. witnesses testified and filed statements in: distinction, with its inevitable · corrupting MY DiA:R SENATOR: We,· the undersigned, support of the proposed legislation "and en ~uence uwn our young people: and ' ~eing members.. of the commission of so dors.ing the Garrison diversion unit~ and · "Whereas the liquor Qusiness, which de~ cial concern of the wesley Methodist Church "Whereas irrigation districts in the unit stroys -much if the ·fines·t in our social life, of Sedalia, Mo., want to take this opportunity area have already been formed comprising does not deserve to have free and unlimited to tell you that we a~e in full accord with CIV--397 6296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 14 the above numbered bill, which you have the 85th Congress of the United States to Island [Mr. PASTORE), the junior Sena recently reintroduced. The Senate Inter· most carefully consider and approve legis· tor from Connecticut [Mr. PuRTELL], the state and Foreign Commerce Committee held lation which will protect the American home junior Senator from Maine [Mr. PAYNE], hearings on a similar bill last February, but against continued invasion by liquor ad· the junior Senator from South Carolina failed to vote the proposal out of com· vertisers. [Mr. THURMOND], the senior Senator mit tee. GENERAL BOARD OF TEMPERANCE, we feel that the prohibiting of interstate THE METHODIST CHURCH, from N'ew Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES], the transportation of alcoholic beverage adver Washington, D. C. senior Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITH], tising would be a definite step forward in the and the senior Senator from Rhode proper control of the liquor industry, and Island [Mr. GREEN], we heartily endorse your continued efforts to BILLS INTRODUCED I ask unanimous consent that the text have this become the law of our land. Bills were introduced, read the first of the resolution be printed in the REc Respectfully yours, (Signed by Mrs. Rudolph Swope and nine time, and, by unanimous consent, the ORD at the conclusion of my statement. other citizens of Missouri.) second time, and referred as follows: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With By Mr. JOHNSON of Texas (for him out objection, it is so ordered. To Our Senators and Congressmen: self and Mr. BRIDGES) (by request): Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, the With juvenile court judges, domestic court S. 3609. A bill to provide for research into resolution would authorize a study of all judges and police officials complaining of problems of flight within and outside the factors affecting-commerce and produc the part played by alcohol in the deteriora earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes; tion in the textile industry of the United tion of our homes and in the delinquency of to the Special Committee on Space and States, including the extent and causes our children, we again most earnestly urge Astronautics. of the decline in employment and pro you to pass legislation taking alcoholic bev· (See the remarks of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas erage advertising off the air and out of the when he introduced the above bill, which duction, the effects of Federal policies, channels of interstate commerce. No civili· appear under a separate heading.) and the impact on the industry of the zation can long survive which is destroyed By Mr. HRUSKA: commercial and trade policies of other from within by alcohol. The glamorous and S. 3610. A bill for the relief of Ljubica countries. deceptive advertising which becomes con Dajcinovic; to the Committee on the Judi· The textile industry is a major seg stantly worse, is drowning out the warnings ciary. ment of our national economy. It em of the home, the school, and the church with By Mr. HILL: ploys more than 1 million persons. disastrous results. S. 3611. A bill to authorize the Secretary Directly and indirectly, it provides the (Signed by Mrs. Walter Keator and 16 citi· of the Army or his designee to convey cer· zens of Wilton, N.Dak.) tain property located in the vicinity of Mont bread and butter for an estimated 15 gomery, Montgomery County, Ala., to the million Americans. It is also important State of Alabama; to the Committee on to our national defense. During World CLAUDE, TEX., February 14, 1957. Armed Services. War II, the Armed Forces required more Senator WILLIAM LANGER, By Mr. LANGER: than 10,000 different types of textile Senate Office Building, S. 3612. A bill to exclude commercial in Washington, D. C. surance from consideration as income for items. DEAR SENATOR: Just a line to say that I am death pension purposes; to the Committee However, despite its size, its essential deeply appreciative of your past work in on Finance. nature, and its importance to our favor of bringing about a bill to ban liquor By Mr. MURRAY: economy, the textile industry has long advertising. I think next to outright doing S. 3613. A bill to authorize and direct the been in a depressed a_nd declining state. away with it this is one of the best ap Court of Claims of the United States to de This is a subject which frequently has proaches. It just burns me up to watch the termine the present purchasing power of the been discussed in the Senate. A great angle that the liquor interests play toward amount of money claimed in damages in the our young folks. case of Harmon W. Jones against the United many of us, from New England and from !It is a disgrace that we would allow them States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the South, have been deeply concerned to do it. I have for a long time had an idea By Mr. HUMPHREY: for a number of years about develop in the back of my head that would limit their S. 3614. A bill for the relief of Masako ments in the textile industry. We have claims to only the truth. The ideas show Onta; to the Committee on the Judiciary. seen employment drop sharply and ing fun for the young; home life with their By Mr. PROXMIRE: steadily. Since the end of World War stuff is just too poison for words. I work S. 3615. A bill for the relief of Wendy Le tii, 345,000 textile jobs have disappeared, with junior ages in church and I have enough vine; to the Committee on the Judiciary. in court to convince me that their commu including more than 12,000 in my own nistic idea of telling a thing till folks believe State of New Hampshire. Since 1947, it is the basis for all their propaganda. DESIGNATION OF WEEK· OF JUNE 717 textile mills in this country have been Do everything you can, and let me know if liquidated. and when we can help. 23, 1958, AS NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION WEEK We have watched earnings drop. Send me a copy of this bill S. 582. If you We have watched exports drop. have an extra copy. Mr. PAYNE submitted the following Yours very truly, We have watched imports rise. CARL C. WooD, concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 79); As a Nation, we simply cannot afford County Judge, Armstrong County, Tex. which was referred to the Committee on to let this basic industry continue to de the Judiciary: cline. As a Senator from New Hamp ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ADVERTISING. Resolved by the Senate (the House · of shire, I cannot stand by and let one of Representatives concurring), That the Presi the most important industries in my Whereas million of parents in this country dent is requested to issue a proclamation do not consider the consumption of alcoholic designating the period beginning June 23, State wither and die on the vine, without beverages to be a part of the Christian or 1958, and ending June 29, 1958, both dates doing everything in my power to remove American way of life, and desire the oppor inclusive, as "National Civil Aviation Week" the causes of the blight. tunity to raise their children free from the influence of the legalized liquor traffic; and · in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Some of the causes of this decline have Whereas alcohol is recognized as a de· the establishment of the Civil Aeronautics already been identified. , Administration, and calling upon the people On April 2, the junior Senator from pressant, narcotic. drug, the sale of which of the United States to celebrate such period 1s forbidden to minors by law; and Maine [Mr. PAYNE] presented to the Whereas those who promote and sell alco with appropriate ceremonies and activities. Senate carefully documented evidence holic beverages are using every advertising showing that three programs of the Fed device available through newspapers, maga eral Government have been xr.ajor con zines, radio, television, and other media to STUDY OF UNITED STATES TEXTILE tributors to the disasters which have hit indoctrinate the Nation's children in the use INDUSTRY of a product which they cannot legally pur;. the United States textile industry. chase; and Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, I sub These three programs are: Whereas appeals to advertisers and media mit, for appropriate reference, a resolu First, the farm program. Under it, representatives have failed to result in the tion which would authorize the Commit the export subsidy on cotton enables establishment of a system of reasonable con tee on Interstate· and Foreign Commerce foreign textile firms to purchase United trols regulating such advertising: Tp.ere to undertake a complete and .searching fore be it States cotton at a 20 ·percent discount. Resolved, That the General Board of Tem investigation of the textile industry of To dispose of our surplus cotton, the perance of the Methodist Church, assembled the United States. · Govermnent sells it abroad for from 6 to for its annual meeting, January 23-24, 1957, The resolution is submitted on behalf 8 cents a pound less than the price an in Washington, D. C., respectfully entreats of myself, the junior Senator from Rhode American manufacturer must pay. This 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6297 gives the foreign ·industry a 15 .. percent · tive jurisdiction over mattas so vital to Senate- upon ·Vouchers appx:ove.d by; the chairman of the committee. price advantage, right from the start. commerce as the textile industryr It has It forces the American textile manufac had the experience of previous inquiries Mr. PAYNE subsequently said: Mr. turers to spend approximately $359 mil into certain features of the textile indus :eresident, I .wish simply t.o place in the _ lion more for raw cotton than they would try, including investigations in 1946 and RKCORD a word of commendation for the spend in the_ absence of the farm pro 1948. present distinguished occupant of the gram. We give foreign-textile pro The time has now come to take a care chair, the Senator from New Hampshire ducers advantages we do not give our ful look at the forest, rather than to con [Mr. CoTTON],_far the resolution he sub own producers, and ·we pay for these centrate on the trees; and this commit mitted with reference to a, study to be · advantages out of our own pockets. tee seems the logical one to undertake undertaken by the Interstate and For Second, trade policies: As a result of this important task. The ills of the in eign Commerce Committee of the prob tariff reductions imposed' through GA Tr dustry cannot be cured by a single lems affecting the textile industry. The agreements, textile imports have rock stroke. They cut across many lines; and resolution goes to the heart of the prob eted upward. Cotton textile imports the study .proposed by the resolution lem. I am very happy indeed he has pro have increased 1,000 percent since 1947. must also cover the entire field. Of posed such an investigation, because, in Woolen and worsted imports have in course, the committee must try to find my opinion, it can get to the causes of creased by 800 percent. Some remedial solutions which will not create new and some of the difficulties, and perhaps re steps, such as the Geneva reservation on worse problems in the place of those we sult in some answers which shall have to woolens, and the voluntary export quotas are trying to solve. be found in order to solve the problem. which the Japanese have imposed, have Mr. President, we cannot sit by and let The Senator from New Hampshire has helped prevent an even worse situation, a vital American industry, which em been constructive. He has been far but have not solved the problem or re ploys more than 1 million persons, per sighted, as he always is. I commend him moved the threat which hangs over the ish. We must explore every possible for his effort. domestic textile industry. avenue of escape from the morass into Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, will the Third, foreign-aid programs. Under which it is sinking. We must try to Senator yield? these we -have aided the establishment· identify the causes and to remove them, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. and modernization of textile plants in and we must mobilize all our talents and DouGLAS in the chair) . Does the Sen many foreign countries, and have pur resources to start this industry on the ator from Maine yield to the Senator chased their products, instead of our road to recovery. from New Hampshire? own. In 1957, American tax dollars Mr. President, I believe the place to Mr. PAYNE. I yield. bought $88 million worth of foreign tex start is in the Committee on Interstate Mr. COTTON. I thank the Senator tiles, but only $7 million worth of United and Foreign Commerce, and the time to from Maine for his kind words. It was States textiles for use in our foreign-aid start is now. his speech last week which I think "teed program. Since 1948, we have supplied The resolution (S. Res. 287), submitted off" the present feeling in the Senate on foreign countries with more than $135 by Mr. COTTON (for himself, Mr. PASTORE, this subject. As a member of the Com million worth of new and up-to-date Mr. PURTELL, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. THURMOND, mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com-· textile machinery, and have bought $240 Mr. BRIDGES, Mrs. SMITH of Maine, and merce, I-certainly welcome his associa million worth of foreign-produced tex Mr. GREEN), was referred to the Commit tion as a cosponsor of the resolution. I tiles. tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, know the Senator from Maine will con How can -an American manufacturer as follows: tribute much to securing the adoption of compete with a foreign producer who Resolved, That the Committee on Inter the resolution and to making the inves purchases his raw cotton at a 20-percent state and Foreign Commerce, or any duly au tigation a thorough and successful one. lower price, pays his employees one thorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized Mr. PAYNE. The Senator from New tenth as much, and has modern and under sections 134 {a) and 136 of the Legis Hampshire may be assured of my full lative Reorganization Act of 1946, as cooperation. efficient machinery, as well as modern amended, to conduct a full and complete management techniques and know-how study of all factors a-ffecting commerce and supplied by Americans. production. ln the textile industry of the These basic problems, taken as a United States, including but not limited to INTERNATIONAL RADIO TAPE EX whole, should be explored and illumi {a) the extent, nature, and causes of the de CHANGE OF CULTURAL PRO nated by a thorough committee investi cline rn interstate and foreign commerce in GRAMS gation, with a view to recommending textile-mlll products ; (b) the decline in em ployment in the textile industry; {c) the ef Mr. WILEY. On Wednesday, Apri117, possible solutions and laying the founda fects of policies and programs of the Federal the long-awaited Brussels World Fair will tion for Congressional action. No single, Government on the industry; and {d) the open. It will, of course, be a historic easy answer exists; but I am confident impact of commercial policies of other na showcase for some 35 million expected that many of these problems will yield tions on the industry. visitors to see the exhibits of East and to a broad, constructive study which can SEc. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, West. bring the best minds and the best ideas the committee, from the date on which this Naturally, we wish for the fair great together in a public forum such as the resolution is agreed to until January 31, 1959, success. He hope that it will serve as an Committee on Interstate and Foreign inclusive, 1s authorized {1) to make such important landmark in improving inter Commerce. expenditures as it deems advisable; {2) to em.ploy, upon a temporary basis, technical, national understanding. Not all the problems of the American clerical, and other assistants and consult on numerous occasions I have stressed textile industry· can be blamed on the ants: Provided, That the minority is author the importance of two-way exchange of three Federal programs I have cited, and ized to select one person for appointment, cultural presentations between peoples. the investigation should not in any sense and the person so selected shall be appointed r emphasize--two-way. It is not enough be pointed at them only. The natural and his compensation shall be so fixed that that the people of the United States send forces of competition and the changing his gross rate shall not be less by more than their best artistic performers abroad-to standards and modes of living in tnis $1,200 than the highest gross rate paid to any other employee; and {3) with the consent of Brussels and elsewhere. It is important country have had an impact on the in the heads of the departments or agencies that we welcome to our shores the best in dustry. The problems of mergers have concerned, and the Committee on Rules and the cultural life of other nations. troubled segments of the industry~ Administration, to ut111ze the reimbursable · Along this line, I have previously Man made fibers have left their mark, aa services, information, facillties, and person brought to the attention of my colleagues has competition of other products, such nel of any of the departments or agencies of the fine aim of the Broadcasting Founda as plastics and paper. the Government. tion of America. Through the means of The committee investigation proposed · SEc. 3. The committee shall report its find no less than 77 cooperating radio sta by my resolution will not be a magic· ings, together with its recommendations for leg.lslation as it deems advisable, to the Sen tions throughout our country, the Foun wand with which to wave away the prob ate at the earliest practieable date, but not dation will bring to our people the very lems of the industry, but it will enable us la-ter than Jahuary 31, 1959. best in foreign music, literature, art, and to analyze the causes and consid.er the SEc. 4. Expenses of the eommlttee under drama by means of tape recording from cures. The Committee on Int.erstate and tbis resolution, which shall not exceed $-, abroad, and it will help convey United Foreign Commerce has general legisla- shall be paid from the contingent fund of the States culture abroad as well. f/

6298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 14 On this very day, ·Apri114, there is be China, Denmark, England, Finland, ·France, lllducation · Activities, ·and . popularly known ing announced by the Foundation a grant Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, as the Voice of America. Transmitters on Korea, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Ni land and sea girdle the globe and the sten of $200,000 from the Ford Foundation to geria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, South Af torian voice of free men must be heard. help finance this operation. The pro rica, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, We are still talking about ourselves and gram will, of course, still be only in its Vietnam, and Yugoslavia. about what's good about us. We know it is beginning stages by means of this grant. Seventy_-seven radio stations in the coun hnportant that pedple understand us; it There are immense potentialities still try's largest cities are cooperating with BFA is plain that the Soviet Union constantly ahead. This is, however, a most worthy and will put these programs on the air as a lies about us; and it is desirable that other beginning, and I look forward to the con public service. people see the good about us that can give BFA expects to begin distribution here them reason to like and to help us. So we tinued success and expansion of the oper of foreign radio programs in the imme help them to see the good about us by tell ation. diate future. Miss Judith Waller, former ing them about it. We sell the American I send to the desk a release from the Midwest public affairs director for NBC, will way. Broadcasting Foundation of America. act as program consultant. I do not condemn our attempt to tell other It includes, incidentally, the names of the BFA was formed in 1955 and is a non people how good we are. There are great distinguished Board of Trustees-leading profit, tax-exempt educational organization. good things about us of which we should hon individuals who are, I believe, to be con Its board of trustees includes: Mrs. A. Scott estly speak. I think it is necessary to talk gratulated for their fine contribution to Bullitt, owner of stations KING and KING to other people and human to want to talk TV, Seattle; Norman Davis, Seattle business about one's self so as to appear in a good this effort. To the' release, I append ex man and former chairman of the board of the light. When others lie about us we must cerpts from a · most perceptive article Seattle Museum of Fine Arts; Frank N. Free meet the lies. written by Mr. Robert Redfield, Chair ~an, emeritus chairman, department of But I do think that our talking is insuf man of the Board of the Foundation, education, University of California, Berkeley; ficiently balanced by listening. I do not which points up in detail the importance Henry Morgenthau III, TV projects manager, think that we listen enough to what other of America's getting the benefit of the station WGBH, Boston; Richard Pack, vice people are trying to 'say to us about them best in foreign culture. president in charge of programs, Westing selves, and I do not think we listen enough house Broadcasting Corp., New York; George to the sound of what we say in the ears of The article is not new. It had been E. Probst, former director of the Univer him to whom we say it. We are guided published as far back as the September sity of Chicago Roundtable, presently execu chiefiy in deciding what to say by the con 26, 1953, issue of the Saturday Review. tive director of the Thomas Alva Edison ceptions we have of what those others ought But it is perhaps even more meaningful Foundation, Inc., New York; Robert Redfield, to like about us if they were just like us. today than it was then. The article was professor of anthropology, University of Chi And they aren't. They are different in re entitled "Does America Need a Hearing cago; George N. Buster, president of Hunter spects to which we are inattentive. Just be Aid?" In-other words, does not America College, New York; Seymour N. Siegel, direc cause we think great combines moving over tor of the Municipal Broadcasting System vast fields of wheat are proofs of what great need to develop the capacity to listen to and WNYC of the city of New York, chair fellows we are, we took it for granted that foreign peoples, as well as to speak to man of the International Advisory Broad Chinese and Middle Eistern peasants would them? The answer is very definitely- yes. casting Council, and past president of the look at pictures of these combines and ad I ask unanimous consent that both National Association of Educational Broad mire us. By just listening for a moment to items be printed at this point in the body casters; Calvin W. Stillman, economist aRd the sound of our voices in their ears instead Of the RECORD. professor of social science, University of Chi of in our own we could find out that the com cago; Howard Thurman, dean of the chapel, bines, the tiled bathrooms, and the skyscrap There being no objection, the matters Boston University; and Myron Wilson, New ers in most cases make those peasants feel were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, York attorney. The acting executive director more remote from us and more suspicious of as follows: is Mrs. Chloe Fox. us than they were before. Two-HUNDRED-THOUSAND-DOLLAR GRANT WILL In addition to the Ford Foundation grant, Talking is good, and it is necessary to make FINANCE INTERNATIONAL RADIO EXCHANGE BFA has received support from the Rocke clear what we truly are. But mutual secu rity depends on mutual understanding, and NEW YoRK, April 14.-A worldwide ex feller Foundation, the Creole Foundation, the change of radio programs between Amer- Peter J. Schweitzer Foundation, and from for understanding you have to have a con ican radio stations and the broadcasting private contributors. versation. A conversation is not two people systems of Europe, the Far East, and other talking loudly at each other, and certainly it areas has been made possible by a grant of is not one person with a megaphone. It is [From the Saturday Review of September first one person listening while the other $200,000 from the Ford Foundation to the 26, 1953) Broadcasting Foundation of America, accord talks, and then that one talking while the ing to an announcement made today by Rob DOES AMERICA NEED A HEARING AID? other listens. In the big room where all peo ert Redfield, chairman of the board of BFA. (By Robert Redfield) ples meet much of the talk is just the loudest voices shouting what they mistakenly "For the first time on such a scale,'' said (Through the Voice of America and other imagine the others might find impressive to Mr. Redfield, "the music, drama, and other agencies of communication we beseech peo hear. expressive utterances of many of the world's ple the world over to lend us their ears. Would it be untactful to suggest that · peoples will be brought to Am~rica and our But do we listen ourselves? Robert Red corresponding productions sent to them." field, who asks the question, is professor of America needs a hearing aid? We have done The grant will permit BFA to establish a anthropology at the University of Chicago something to raise our voice; can we do center in New York for the duplication on and the author of A Village That Chose something to improve our listening? Some tape of programs from abroad and for their Progress.) thing to improve it is being done in w~t is distribution to A1:1erican radio stations. It called monitoring Russian and other for We Americans have long been known as a eign broadcasts and in that technique of the will also aid BFA to lay the basis for the talkative people. While the strong silent production and sending abroad of radio pro- . expert called content analysis. . Something man is one recognized type among us, visi has also been done to understand better in grams expressing American creative life. tors find most of us very ready with our "This exchange of the creative productions just what respects Russians, Frenchmen, and tongues. Mrs. Trollope wrote in 1828 that Chinese are different from us in recent of many cultures," Mr. Redfield stated, "will "Americans love talking," and she recorded stu~ies of national character. Something be a kind of international conversation, free some of the abundant talk that she heard of politics and propaganda. It will provide has also been done by the Fund for Adult and did not admire. A little later Alexis Education's "Voices of Europe" radio series, an aid to the ear of America, a great widen de Tocqueville characterized us as garrulous ing of the range of things heard and appre which gives the general American public the and reported that the American "speaks to chance to listen to Europeans who would ciated that originate in unfamiliar lands. In you as if he were addressing a meeting." turn, it will bring to audiences overseas the otherwise be inaudible. I suppose that inso The French observer was also impressed with far as the sciences concerned with human best in American music and writing and the fact that what the Americans talked behavior have anything contribute to the thought, reflecting the tradition and culture about was often himself. He recognized to of the American people. improvement of America's listening to other that those Americans were .proud, with rea people, they are doing it. But today I am "Listening to these programs can give son, of their achievement in building a new pleasure and knowledge to us and to mil and democratic nation. It was -our patriot thinking of the art of listening to other lions overseas," he continued, "and can bring ism that Tocqueville found garrulous. He peoples as anyone may practice it. Good us into closer understanding with our friends found us insatiable of praise and ever will talking is an art; good listening is obviously and potential friends throughout the world." ing to tell strangers of the superiority of the even rarer, and it is rarer because as an art BFA has already made arrangements with American way of life. it is more subtle and difficult. But, as it is the broadcasting systems of 29 nation's to · Has this perhaps. become a national habit? something that Americans need seriously to prepare programs in English on the- music, Do we stlll talk a great deal, and often, about cultivate for their own safety, it is worth literature, and art of their countries for our own virtues? Today we have an im considering if there are ways to cultivate it. American audiences. These countries in mense governmental enterprise officially How shall we Usten to the voices of the clude: Australia, Austria, Belgium, <;::anada, named the International Information and other personalities that stand about us in the 1958 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ SENATE 6299 big room? We may conceive of each nation, -insecure or confident, calmly complacent or the world. We have always our own expres each people, as if it were a single person. extraordinarily sensitive. What he is in these· sion of human nature with which to under There is a Frenchman there, and an Iranian, respects today may not· be the same as he stand another's different expression of it. a German and a Mexican, and there is this will be at some later time. ·While today some of us reassert the tradi half-hidden Russian who talks only through The word "mood" does not suggest all tional American emphasis on self-rellance, a curtain and in a strange shouting language that lies in this second level of a people's striving to keep the control of our affairs of his own. Of course each of these is really nature. This second thing about a people in our own hands and out of the control of a multitude of voices (except perhaps the is the response .they make. to a marked turn -either powerful business or bureaucratic Russian); each is a myriad voice coming to in their fortunes. It is tbeir temporary set, government, we can use this human impulse us from real individuals of many sorts speak or "stance," we might say, toward circum of ours to understand the mood of those ing through books, travel, newspapers, ·and stance, fate, and other peoples than them Asiatics and Middle Easterners who want to personal contact. The differences among selves. In a village of Mexican Indian peas keep the control of their affairs in their own individuals I for the moment ignore, because ants that I was studying I saw the idea of lands-and not · of ours. Their situation it is also true that in general ways each progress, preached by modernizing reform has at least this additional cause for calling nation, each people, has a character of its ers from the city, take hold upon the imagi up the human disposition to run one's own own; each taken as a whole is saying some nation of a plodding, tradition-bound peo life: we to them are foreigners, and, as part thing that stands for all the separate indi ple. In a very short time the whole mood of Western industrial civilization, conquerors. viduals that make it up; we can learn to and set of the people changed. They became • • • listen to the nation as if it were on person. confident, forward seeking, disposed to wel The only hearing aid we need is a practiced Now our attention is on one of these talkers come almost any reform that was approved sensit_iveness in recognizing in what other in the big room; for the moment we cease by the city-bred prophets of progress. Their peoples say the contributions to the whole of our own talking to listen to him; what do we culture remained for the most part the same, national character, mood, and human nature. listen for? but their mood and set ·was radically altered. By reading of and talking with peoples of I suggest that we learn to listen for three :And a little later, when in the same enthu other lands we can come to hear what they things: National character, mood, and human siastic mood they were hard at work build say as one would turn a knob on ·a cabinet nature. ing a masonry structure for their new school, so as to emphasize upper or lower tonal The national character is the way that a the edifice collapsed, killing and injuring registers. The same utterance speaks to us people tends to be, pretty steadily, over long some of the workers, their mood changed of what is pretty steadily true of the speaker, periods of time. It might also be called the again, for a time, to one of doubt and even ·by virtue of his accumulated tradition. It collective personality or the group heritage despair. We Americans ought to ' under ·speaks also of the state of mind and feeling or perhaps just the persisting peculiarities stand moods, for our people as a whole have in .which recent events have put him-'-in that make the people distinguishable from passed through a succession of quite notable which we, perhaps, have put him. It speaks their neighbors. This is, among other things, moods, as we have encountered wars, de also of his nature as a man, like us, askipg the particular arrangement of human quali pressions, isolation, and exposure. Just at that the same fundamental satisfactions be ties, the unique and flavorful constellation present, for obvious reasons, our mood is his that we, in our different way, also require. of qualities, the emphases and shadings of characterized by a heightening of tension Our exercises in practiced listening are not the universal human that make a French and anxiety. One of the resemblances be yet done. We are to cultivate another and man or a Chinese and not an American or an tween peoples-indeed, one of the bonds be more complic.tted kind of hearing. If we are Italian. tween them-lies not in common culture but to change the 'simultaneous shouting and It is a good thing that these differences in similar mood. The East Indian feels close .babbling in the big room into something exist, for they make the world a more in to the middle easterner in part · because he closer to a conversation, a give-and-take in teresting and enriching place. The differ has a similar mood and set; his stance which our words reach their audiences with ences -between one man or woman and. an toward Russia, the United States, imperial the effects we desire, then we need to listen other, and the differences between one cul ism, and independence is similar; they are to something about which I have as yet said ture or national character and another, are ·brothers in mood. little. This is the sound of what we say sources of delight and stimulatiops to origi In listening to the expressive utterances in the ears of h~ to whom we say it. The nality and creativeness. One of the terrible of other peoples, we are to attune ourselves mechanical analogy is now radar. We need things about what is going on now in Russia to a blending of meaningful sounds. Na a developed capacity to catch the meaning is the subordination of the individual dif tional character and mood are not distinct; in what we say as our hearer catches that ferences to one monstrous mask of the state, the one is affected by the other. The Ni meaning. Our talk-waves are to bounce one set of opinions and attitudes to be worn gerian and the Arab today share the sensi back to us from those other people; by lis by all. Once it seemed that the differences tive mood of national pride and resentment tening to what has happened to them in among ethnic groups in Russia were to be of any domination that I have just tried to bouncing back we learn how we are unde:t: preserved under the Soviets, but now it ap describe. But Nigerian and Arab express stood or misunderstood. and why. pears that these, too, are to go in favor of this mood in different ways, each according The opportunity to use this psychic .radar the statemade mask. to his national character; in understanding is provided when foreigners come to our • • • • • the Arab's mood we have to attend to the country, for then our whole way of life beats The expression of a people's culture, its familial and tribal loyalties, and competi upon their receptive organs, and the reac national character, might be the only thing tiveness, the conceptions of obligation to _tion in the foreigners may be . greatly lllu we needed to listen for if all the world were guests and friends, the fierceness of revenge minating to us, did we take pains to listen a place where nothing much happened. The and the mobility of forgiven~ss. In fully for it. As it is, when a group of South world of isolated primitive peoples is that understanding the same mood in Nigeria American students or :· Siamese technicians kind of world. To understand the cultures we need to understand the different culture come here our first impulse is to talk hard of such people is all that is needed in com and national character of the Nigerian. to them about ourselves. As indoctrination prehending how they are different from us. The tuned blending of national character is a bad word, we call it orientation. I have But the world in which modern peoples live and mood is itself blended with a third ele taken part in such programs of orientation. is, of course, changing all the time, and it ment in what these peoples say to us about The visitors are whirled through factories, is changing very abruptly for people you and themselves. We are to listen also to this laboratories, and talks by Americans about I need to understand: Asiatics,. Africans, third element. It is human nature, the America. It does not often occur to us that Middle Easterners, Latin Americans. It is qualities that all men share with one an maybe the visitors would like to do a little probably true that no previous human gen other. This is ever present, rarely explicitly talking themselves. If we stop talking long eration ever experienced such a great trans distinguished, and necessarily assumed. We enough to listen to them we may find that formation of viewpoint as by that generation cannot talk with other people at all under they can tell us a good deal about ourselves of .Chinese, Indonesians, East Indians, and standingly, but for the fact that in some and about the way we seem to them. Middle Easterners who now assume political things they are like us and like everyone • leadership. else. The Arab is sensitive about some things When we talk to the foreigner who remains Each of these people has a .culture, a na that do not seem to us a matter for sensi in his own land we need someone on hal).d tional character, a persisting traditional way tiveness, but we are both sensitive to such when he hears what we say to report how it of life that, in spite of changes, still influ care as did the old-fashioned Chinese to sounds to him. So often, being in a hurry protect himself from public failure or ences the way the individual thinks and a and pretty confident about our own effort~:~, acts. But each has something else. We are rebuke, but we, too, lose face if we are shown we just talk. Sometimes much of the talk to listen for this something else. I · have wrong ·or foolish before those whose respect is wasted. I remember that in those years called it mood. The word at least suggests we crave. just before and during the war, when we part of what I mean: the short-run feeling Pride, shame, enjoyment of the company of were striving to gain and keep the good wm tone of a people. Just as to understand our those who are near an.d dear, delight in of the Latin Americans, we made a great friend we need to come to know not only children, and laughter, a certain satisfaction show to them of our industrial and military his lifelong character but also the _particular in one's work well done, anger in the face .power aJ?.d our technical. skill. Afterward I mood that he is in at t:Qe moment, so, too, of an injustice-however justice may be con was told that what really appealed to the in understanding the Japanese, the Iraqi, ceived-these and a multitude of other ele Latin Americans was the sculptor Jo David the Fren~h. :we_are to attend also to the mood ments of human nature are very widely and son, the Yale Glee Club, and the Rarlio City of each. He may be hopeful _or despondent, generally_ dlstributec;i J~,mong the peoples of Rock~ttes. It is a recu!"rent mistake of ours G300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April14 to suppose that flexing our muscles makes Nation focused on the need for improve which we saw yesterday. It Is being oftl people love us. Yet there are frequent hints ment in America's educational stand c:1ally opened Friday. of this. truth In the dally newspapersa I ards, it is appropriate that I call atten T1le center 1s exclusively for groups from read of a Nigerian native who told Sena.tor tion to an educational achievement in all over the State coming to. attend short 'WXLKY recently that all the propaganda about courses, instltut.es, and conferences. America's high standard of living just made the State of WISconsin. I refer to the There are a few similar centers at other the Nigerians fear and dislike America, and Wisconsin Center, an outstanding con universities-as at the University of Min of a Pakistani ofticial on the northwest tribution to our Nation's facilities for nesota and Michigan State University. The ern frontier who mad.e the same point for adult education. Wisconsin Center does not have, as the Mich his people, adding that what we ought to The new center, it is estimated, will igan State University Center has, hotel rooms send to the northwestern frontier was o.ur serve more than 50,000 adult Wisconsin for visitors attending sessions. But the Wis poetry. The peop~e there would admire that. residents annually. It will serve as a consin Center has meeting ro-oms o! many Mr. Graham Peck, in his book, Two Kinds: of kinds, lounges, omces for organizations hold Time, reports how our propaganda: efforts center for seminars, conferences, special ing sessions, display rooms, a restaurant- sounded to the Chines-e during the war there. institutes, short courses, and other pur and a view of Lake Mendota. The Oftice of War Information sent out words poses. It will be available to all types of Heretofore, various groups coming to study and pictures tO put over the idea; that our groups-agricultural, civic, educational, social, community, governmental, indus way of life was absolutely best. Constant business, governmental, and many trial and labor matters had' to use whatever boasting about our high standard of living others. facilities could be freed !rom other regular contrived a picture of an America where The Wisconsin Center, a beautiful ad· university use temporarily. Meetings had every family lived in a 10-room, colonial style, to be held in different buildings here and suburban home, where all chores were done dition to the University of Wisconsin's there, often widely scattered. There were by electricity, nobody ever got sick or into already beautiful campus, was given to conflicts, discomforts, uncertainties and d.el:Jt, roofs never leaked and clothes never the university by the University of Wis scrambles !or food in overcrowded student wore out. Mr. Peck found that this material consin Foundation, a forward-thinking eating places. Quarters often were not well was ineffective; he tried no-t to- use it. group of Wisconsin citizens who believe suited for the visitors' uses. • • • • • that State educational facilities cannot Now there will be a. single permanent adult If we listen to another people we help to perform the expected service operating education center, air conditioned, with au ease the pain of that people's mood. If your solely on State appropriations. In mak dio and visual aids, where these activities friend is worried you do not help him by can be concentrated and handled most effi... ing this significant contribution to the ciently. It is antlcipated that 50,000 to 60,- talking to him constantly. You listen to university, the f.oundation has recognized him; then he feels better. It even helps 000 Wisconsin people will go to college in if, without listening, you merely fall silent a need which is increasingly apparent- this one building every year. to give him a chance to- relieve himself by that of the lack of adequate facilities More than 10,000 alumni and friends-in talking to you. So it Is with these peoples for adult education. cluding business firms-have contributed to of the middle third of the world whose moods In these times, when every day brings this enterprise through the young Univer a.re now so painful to them and dangerous about a new concept in science and, for sity of Wisconsin Foundation, which has of to us. flees in the new center. The foundation will that matter, almost in all our knowledge, continue to raise money for scholarships and Finally, the improvement of the art of it is imperative that everyone, young carrying on the little conversations is an other aid& to the university. exercise that meets and combines with the and old alike, keep abreast of these The University of Wisconsin should gain more organized discipline of the great con changes by continuing to add to his edu· immeasurably from these new and renewed versation. Great books and plain and sen cational background. The State of Wis ties. of interest, loyalty, and support from sible conversation together maintain the consin has long been recognized as a all over the State-and beyond. company o! the free mind. Together they . leader in the education of its citizens. can enlarge that company, taking in more The new center gives assurance of the [From the Milwaukee Jo:urnal of April 11, and more people, even while the Russians continuation of this leadership, not only 1958! strive to restrict it. Freedom of speech is not just speaking; it is speaking honestly for the present, but for many years in the NEW CENTER Is DEDICATED TO UNIVERSITY OF and as one thinks. Also, It is listening. No future. The building is equipped with WISCONSIN IDEA--$2,400,000 STRUCTURE ON one is really free to use speech effectively the most modern facilities for visual CAMPUS Is GIFT OF FOUNDATION FOR ADULT unless other people listen, and no one has education, including radio and television EDUCATION CLASSES earned the freedom to talk to a listening recording studios. Provisions were (By Willard R. Smith) audience unless he listens when another made, in building the structure, for the MADISON, WIS.-A big, bright, new imple talks. The perception of both difference and construction of additional floors when ment for the Wisconsin idea was put to use likeness is a necessary basis for a conver there is a need for expansion. for the first time here Friday when the Uni sation between two individuals or between Congratulations are due to the Uni versity of Wisconsin dedicated its $2,400,000 two nations. To talk as free men each must center for adult education on the campus. in effect say: "You have a different view from versity of Wisconsin Foundation for Friends and alumni, through donations to mine, but we are both reasonable and human their wonderful work in establishing this the University of Wisconsin Foundation, creatures, and I should like to know what new center. However, I wish, also, to made this contribution toward easier ful your view is." That this ideal is not usu congratulate the University of Wisconsin fillment of the Wisconsin concept that the ally realized in life makes its influence on itself, for achieving the enviable posi boundaries of its campus are the boundaries us no less. We know how great is the dis tion of having more than 10,000 citizens of the State, and that the university should tinction between allegiance won blindly and offer its services, its teaching, and the results that won understandingly. In a political of many States contribute to the con struction of this $2,400,000 building. If of its research to all the people. campaign a vote won by an emotional appeal The three-story structure of cream-colored 1s only a vote won. A vote won by a rea the standards of our university were not brick, white marble, shining glass. and bright sonable argument understood and accepted is kept at the highest possible level,· these blue aluminum wm serve as a center for the also a mind grown stronger. Our country, many people would not have felt that a university's many conferences, short courses, in peril in the big room, needs all the contribution to this building fund was institutes, and other services for agricultural, strength that reason can give to our powers worth while. industrial, civic, governmental, educational, of understanding. To indulge hateful pas and similar adult groups. sion for political advantage is to drive our I request unanimous consent that a selves downward toward that dark reliance press story and an editorial from the Frank V. Birch, Milwaukee, president of Milwaukee Journal of April 9 and April the foundation, dedicated the Wisconsin on force which today is Russia's. At home Center Building to the Wisconsin idea. Birch · and abroad to talk and then to listen, to 11, dealing with the new center, be said that the foundation was conceived by a listen with the help of reason and then rea printed in the body of the RECORD as part group of men who shared a belle! in this sonably to talk, is to strengthen us just where of my remarks on this subject. we can be so much stronger than the So university and a vision for the future. viets. It is to build the community o! free There being no objection. the editorial RENK ACCEPTS BUILDING minds, the civilization of the dialogue. and article were ordered to be printed in "They believed that the strength and the RECORD, as follows: growth of thia university were rooted in the [Prom the MJ:Iwaukee .Tourn.al of April9, Wisconsin idea of service--sharing knowl WISCONSIN CENTER-AN OUT 1958] edge, research. and discoveries with the peo STANDING ADDITION TO THE THE NEW WISCONSIN CENTER' ple who can benefit from them.'' Birch said. NATION'S EDUCATIONAL FACILI• The Wisconsin idea-that the boundaries Howard I. Potter, Chicago, chairman of the TIES of the University of Wisconsin campus are foundation's board of directors, formally pre the boundaries of the State--is very much sented the-building and its contents to the Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, with the allve. Tangible evidence is the new $2,400,- university to help it carry on the Wisconsin attention of Congress and- the entire 000 Wisconsin Center BUilding at Madison idea of service. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6301 WilburN. Renk, Sun Prairie, president of not met by revenue from student fees or leg The secretary and counsel is Ray M. Stroud, the board of regents, accepted the building islative appropriations. Madison; treasurer, Harlan C. Nicholls, Madi· for the university. Renk said that the re A previous university administration re son. The executive director is Robert Ren gents "know that a university cannot con pudiated such a movement as "holding out a nebohm, Madison, and the administrative tinue to be great with only State appropria tin cup" in 1937, and sponsors who already secretary is Basil I. Peterson, Madison. tions." He said that "gifts such as these are had obtained pledges of funds discontinued needed to maintain the University of Wis their efforts, but not their interest. consin's greatness." When the university in 1945 began to pre DEATH OF PAUL DEVER President E. B. Fred assured the givers pare for celebration of its centennial 3 years that their gift will enhance our program of later, a gifts-and-bequests council was estab Mr. PAYNE. Mr. President, Massa conferences, short courses, and institutes to lished in recognition of the accepted practice chusetts and the Nation, in my opinion, an extent we can only dream about today. of taking birthday gifts upon such an occa have lost a very distinguished and out EQUIPPED FOR RADIO, TV sion. standing public servant in the passing HOLT PROMOTED CENTER Fac111ties for 19 simultaneous meetings of Paul Dever, former Governor of Mas Of groups ranging from 14 to 230 persons are The University of Wisconsin Foundation sachusetts, who, incidentally, happened provided in the center. A small auditorium was chartered at the same time, and the two to be a very close personal friend of mine. is equipped for radio and television pickups. groups worked together with the alumni as Governor Dever was taken from this life Kinescope recordings may be made of many sociation toward :financial betterment of the university's position. at the age of 55. meetings so that they can be repeated for He gave to his State and to his Nation the benefit of others. First the foundation asked President Fred to poll his deans on their needs which might everything that was in him. Certainly The basement houses a cafeteria and ex his loss will be felt by people all over this hibit gallery. be met by public contributions. Their lists · Contractors and service personnel were of project s totaled $45 million. Holt, who Nation who had the privilege of knowing pushed to extremes to get the building in served the university as registrar, then dean him. readiness for Friday's ceremony. Some fur of extension services, and :finally director of Paul Dever had a very humble start nishings were not yet in place, but shining public service, was familiar with the center in life. He truly was a self-made man. glass wall cabinets were :filled with exhibits for continuing studies established at the He was fatherless at the age of 8 or 9, I showing the work of different departments University of Minnesota. He successfully promoted a similar center believe, and became the sole supporter in the university. of his family for many years. Dr. Fred, university president, paid tribute here, and its acceptance was assured in the to three of the leaders in the planning and community which earlier had shown a fear Paul Dever served his State of Massa fund raising for this Wisconsin center at that contributions from sources of great chusetts with great credit. All the news the unve111ng of three bronze plaques in the wealth might imply that the donors wanted papers of Boston, regardless of their po lobby of the building. a voice in university policy. litical leanings, have spoken eloquently GAVE HISTORY CHAIR THREE MEN HONORED of his services, of his sterling integrity, Two of the men so honored did not live The foundation's gift Friday was not its and of his human understanding of the to see their endeavors translated into brick :first contribution. It originally embarked problems of the people. In my opinion and stone. They were the late Frank 0 . upon a 4-point program to provide: A Wis he truly was a people's person, one who Holt, university registrar, and Frank J. Sen c~msin center building; chairs for distin understood his fellowmen at every level. senbrenner, Neenah industrialist and presi guished research professorships; fellowships and scholarships for worthy and needy in-· It certainly is a great loss to the people dent of the board of university regents. of the Nation and to the people of Mas The third is Herbert V. Kohler, of Kohler, divlduals, and special equipment and ap chairman of the foundation's centennial paratus not available from legislative appro- sachusetts that Paul Dever had to be fund campaign since its start in 1945. priations. · taken from this life at such an early This home for an adult education pr~ One of its tl.rst acts was creation of the stage of his career.· gram, facing on Langdon Street across from Frederick Jackson Turner chair in history. · Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, will the the university library, was conceived by Holt. This commemorated one outstanding Wis Senator yield? The center was constructed so that two consin scholar and held Prof. Merle Curti, an Mr. PAYNE. I yield. additional stories may be added in the fu other gifted historian, on the campus. Nearly $1,000,000 of the $3,800,000 raised, Mr. BEALL. I wish to join the Senator ture. Campus planning probably will call from . Maine in the statement he has for removal of the old, stone gymnasium by the foundation through contributions :flanking the center, and foundation officials ranging from a quarter of a dollar to a made. Paul Dever was a very close per hope to build a large auditorium for the quarter of a million had been bestowed upon sonal friend of mine. I knew him for center on that site. the university before the completion of the about 20 years. I first became ac $2,400,000 adult education center. This in quainted with him when he was in the FOREMOST SCIENTISTS cluded purchase of the old YMCA property Navy as a commander. Over the years Immediately upon acceptance of the adjacent to the Memorial Union to be used as building from the foundation Friday, the an open mall leading to Lake Mendota. The I saw him on frequent occasions, and I university opened a series of forums featuring foundation had set a goal for $5 mJllion. met him on many of his numerous visits some of its foremost scientists and profes to Washington. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY FOUNDATION I certainly concur in everything the sors. MEMBERS Prof. Farrington Daniels addressed one Senator from Maine has said about Mr. forenoon session on chemistry and world Working with the Wisconsin Alumni Asso ciation, which is not a fund-raising enter Dever. He was a man of high character energy needs, followed by Prof. W. Robert and fine principles. Marshall, who discussed Engineering the prise, the foundation in 1955 started a con Future. In a separate section Pro!. Van R. tinuing fund solicitation among alumni. Last year 3,468 o! these individuals who Potter described new horizons in cancer re NATIONAL PARK SERVICE APPRO search and Prof. Henry R. Ahlgren told of once were on campus gave $103,037, many of serving agriculture through education. them pledging continuing gifts in the future. PRIATIONS The complete ceremonies included another The foundation now numbers 180 mem Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, as the . dual forum in the afternoon and a dinner in bers, while the donors who have responded to its appeal run into the thousands. In Members of the Senate know, H. R. Great Hall of the memorial union in the eve addition to the unrestricted gifts which it 10746, the Interior Department appro- _ ning, with Earl D. Johnson, former Under has received, the foundation has accepted priations bill for fiscal 1959, is now be Secretary of the Army and now executive vice specific trusts for the benefits of the uni fore the Senate Committee on Appropri president of General Dynamics Corp., New versity. ations. This measure does not provide York, as speaker. Johnson, a 1928 University other donors are making bequests in their sufficient funds for development of fa of Wisconsin graduate, is a member of the wills which will provide funds in the future. foundation's board o! directors. cilities in our great National Park Sys POTTER IS CHAIRMAN tem this next year in accordance with TALKS STARTED IN 19215 . Present officers of the foundation Include the Mission 66 program. Organized efforts to raise money for the Chairman Potter, who is vice president of Mission 66 is the 10-year program pro university through solicitation were dis Marsh & McLennan, Chicago; President posed in 1956 to develop our Park Service cussed by alumni in Chicago, and possibly Birch, president, Birch-Kraft, Inc., Milwau by 1966 to the point where it can care elsewhere, as early as 1925. George I. Haight, kee, and these vice presidents: Irwin Maier, instrumental in !ormation of the Wisconsin publisher, the Milwaukee Journal; Joseph A. for the minimum of 80 million persons Alumni Research Foundation, which capital Cutler, president, Johnson Service Co., Mil· expected in the parks annually by that ized on profits from university research to waukee; W1lliam J. Hagenah, Glencoe, Ill.; date. This program was studied care produce more funds for the university, pro George B. Luhman, chairman of the board, fully by the Interior and Insular Affairs posed a parallel foundation. Its purpose was First Wisconsin Trust Co., Milwaukee, and Committee in the 84th Congress, and was to solicit contributions for university needs former Gov. Oscar Rennebohm, Madison. emphatically approved by it. It has aLso 6302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE Aprit 14 been studied and approved by almost all and these services promise to become more But once ensconced in office, with a important as time goes on. . Cabinet containing 9 millionaires and 1 who value the preservation and devel Senator BYRD'S complimentary comment is plumber, he conveniently forgot his pledge opment of some of our national scenic one which is supported by less-informed ob~ to American agriculture and followed the and natural recreation areas for all of servations of the service and the areas which path of Ezra Taft Benson-the darling of our people and for generations to come. it administers. other agencies of the Gov the middleman. The amount approved by the House ernment might well study an organization The Eisenhower-Benson claim was that must be increased by at least $13 million which could make out a plausible case for parity prices built up surpluses, resulted if we are to attain the minimum goals unrestrained spending but declines to do so. in higher prices to consumers, resulted in in set forth in Mission 66, and thus fulfill Evidently it has established a tradition efficient farmers tilling the soil, and costly which stands it in good stead. to the United States Treasury. our obligations to this and future genera It might be hunky-dory to examine the tions. Furthermore, the increase I rec history of what has transpired since Eisen ommend does not take into account the AGRICULTURE A FUNDAMENTAL hower and Benson took office, in the light forecast, based on latest park attend PROBLEM OF CONCERN TO ALL of their claims. ance figures, that 80 million persons will AMERICANS First of all General Eisenhower threw his visit the ·parks annually as soon as 1964, pledges to American farmers out the window instead of in 196o, as originally antici Mr~ MURRAY. Mr. President, one of and proceeded through middleman Benson pated in the Mission 66 program. the finest editorials I have seen on the to liquidate American agriculture. farm problem appeared in the Western Let us examine the price support program Such appropriations are an outstand in Commodity Credit ·corporation losses ing example of the kind of action we News, of Hamilton, Mont., on April 3, following the President's veto of the since 1952', in order to see how the Eisen~ should be taking in this body now. Not hower-Benson program has been function~ only would development of our national farm bill. ing financially. parks give healthful, gainful employ It is 'a carefully documented analysis The Commodity Credit Corporation reports ment in areas where jobs are greatly of the farm situation by Miles Romney, show the following losses from its purchases needed today, but the results would be the editor, which concludes that the of farm surpluses by fiscal years: farm problem is a matter of concern to a permanent monument for the all-time 1952------$67,351,576 good of all of our people and for future all of us which is being worsened by the 1953------61,146,358 generations of Americans. administration's "heartless effort to solve 1954______419,477,074 Mr. President, in connection with the the farm problem by assisting in the 1955------799,061,464 pending appropriation item for Mission abolition of the family farm." 1956------974,767,365 66, I ask unanimous consent to have I ask unanimous consent to have the 1957------1,299,477,342 printed in the body of the RECORD an editorial printed in the CONGRESSIONAL In other words the losses have been grow editorial from the Petersburg

6304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April '14 - not be encouraged so that the trend to con auer has' suggested that in the settlement-of counters showed no effects and we were wor. solidate holdings into vast enterprises can East-West relations, the unification of Ger ried that there might ·be some fissures de be terminated. Giant mechanical efficiency many be considered only after a measure of velop so that the .radioactivity might get 1n farm operation may conceivably prove agreement is reached on the reduction of out." Whoever measured .the .6-inch jump productive but it is not the answer to whole armaments. As long as the means of destruc for the AEC must have felt quite a ripple. some farm life and placement of large seg tion the two superpowers can use against Commissioner Libby was almost lyrical in ments of our population upon the soil. each other keep growing at such an appalling talking about that little tiny baby bomb, · Answers are not easy but the contemporary pace, any cause of conflict between them is although he could not match the boundless administration's heartless effort to solve the bound to be utterly disproportionate. In enthusiasm of the New York Times corre farm problem by assisting in abolition of the deed, the greater the destructiveness of the spondent who described in great detail the family farm is not an answer. means of warfare, the less they are· fitted to peaceful opportunities offered by the explo be instruments of national policy. Adenauer sion which, he wrote, "was not felt even lo wants the unity of Germany above all things, cally." And he went on: "There was specu LIMITS ON THE ARMS RACE but of a live Germany. Later he seems to lation that the intense heat and pressure of Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, in have qualified his reduction-in-armaments the experimental blast might simulate na first position under the pressure of the Ger ture in fusing minerals into gems." the Reporter for April3, the feature edi man superpatriots, or of the German unifiers For his part, Commiss-Ioner Libby said that . torial by Max Ascoli, editor and pub in our State Department. - the experiment proves "you can fire bombs lisher, entitled ''Limits on the Arms Voices for sanity have been heard in our in a way where the radioactivity does not Race," discusses in a frank and informed country, too. Harold Stassen, for instance, come out"-quite a generalization to be de manner some of the contradictions that before being resigned from his position that rived from what was, presumably, a single have appeared recently relating to the once was called Secretary for Peace, made it experiment. "Second," he proceeded, "you administration's attitude on the suspen clear that, in his opinion, a 2-year trial can crush an enormous quantity of rock. halt in nuclear weapons tests could be the This little, tiny bomb, 1.7 kilotons-! don't s'ion of atomic bomb tests and the prob object of successful negotiation with the know that you should ever call any bomb lems relating to raqioactive fallout. Mr. Soviet Union. Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY tiny, but I mean on a relative scale this little AScoli writes words of sense-words put this quite bluntly: "It has never been fellow-broke 400,000 tons of rock, crushed which need to be carefully studied by clear to me • • • why the United States itup." • every public official and every citizen. insists a test suspension with inspection On November 10, 1949, after the explosion I call upon our Government to take the safeguards should not be proposed as a sepa of the first Russian atomic bomb, Vishinsky lead in placing research and development rate measure." The reasons could not be said at the U. N., "Right now we are utiliz more obvious: If we are going to the sum ing atomic energy for our economic needs in outer space under the jurisdiction of mit-and we cannot help it--we had better in our own economic interests. We are raz the United Nations. I call for some ex prepare a short list of negotiable high ing mountains; we are irrigating deserts; we plicit and careful analysis of the effects priority issues that we must solemnly and are cutting through the jungle and the tun of radioactive fallout. I challenge some formally proclaim right now to the whole dra; we are spreading life, happiness, pros of the statements which have been made world. We can well leave to the Russians perity and welfare in places where the human· by officials of our Government relating to the bargaining· 'technique familiar to the footstep has not been seen for thousands of the continuing of bomb tests in a limited Armenian rug dealers. We have no need to years." There is nothing in common be mix the outlandish with the attainable. tween- the late unregretted Vishinsky and manner. Whether one agrees with Mr. It should be clear to every sane person that earnest, competent scholar, Commis Ascoli or not, it must be agreed that his that negotiations for the reduction of arma sioner Libby, but somehow, of all the atomic editorial raises· serious questions about ments are the supreme priority for two blasts, we like least those made in the name American policy in the field of nuclear formidable reasons. The first is that the of life, happiness, and earth removal. weapons and the military strategy based power we as well as the Russians are in Speaking for himself, Commissioner Libby on nuclear power. cessantly multiplying is, by its very nature, said later that he was in favor of continuing I ask unanimous consent tha.t the edi less and less usable. At the same time, we tests-obviously both under and above and our major allies are actually reducing ground-but would not dislike international torial entitled "Limits on the Arms Race" conventional armaments, and are concen agreements designed to apportion among the be printed at this point in the RECORD. trating on those of our weapons which are various nations the amount of radioactive There being no objection, the editorial least usable. Which kind of reduction of material they are allowed to place into the · was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, armaments do we like better-unilateral, atmosphere. as follows: each allied nation by itself, or negotiated by In respectful dissent from Commissioner LIMITS ON THE ARMS RACE the whole alliance with the Russians? Libby, we think· that this amount should be THAT DARLING BABY BOMB zero, at least for the next few years. Too (By Max Ascoli) many liberties have been taken already with These are times that .try men's minds. This is why halting the bomb tests is the heart of the matter. Those who are in favor the atmosphere, affecting life for faraway There is a quality of lunacy in all this talk peoples and for generations to come, and we about a summit conference, in this exchange of the infinite multiplication of atomic weapons to be delivered by planes or missiles do not find any endearing quality in these of packaged items of discussion in which one cannot bear the thought of halting or sus little fellows, the baby bombs. unnegotiable proposal after another is tied pending nuclear tests. Recently the AEC When a meeting at the summit takes place 1n so that the suspicion becomes legitimate has produced the most peculiar argument, in earnest, the first order of business for our that each side is trying to pass to the other in this most peculiar era, in favor of these Government must be to propose the suspen the responsibility for preventing the meeting. tests-or perhaps one should say, has pulled sion of nuclear tests along with adequate Yet it is universally agreed that a meeting the most oversized rabbit out of its hat. controls. The atmosphere does not belong at the summit is inevitable and that the The AEC has opened up to us, and to it to any nation, nor does outer space. There leaders of our country cannot possibly reject fore the nations that have started the pene the opportunity, and the discomfort, of at self, new vistas on what nuclear weapons can do for mankind when they explode under tration of outer space should join forces in tending it. Knowledgeable reporters go so ground. An AEC press release of March 6 policing it under the jurisdiction of the far as to predict that it wil~ take place some brought forth the good tidings. The ex U. N. It was President Eisenhower who, in time during the summer or the early fall. plosion had been registered only 250 miles a letter to Bulganin, first suggested disen Until recently it was thought that the meet away-and this could have been a powerful gagement from outer space: "I propose that Ing would take place over here, where the argument to prove how discreet underground we agree that outer space should be used only convention business has been thriving for nuclear blasts can be. Later, the Commis for peaceful purposes. We face a decisive years and where there is no scarcity of out sion found itself obliged to acknowledge moment in history in relation to this matter. sized, plushy hotels. Now our leaders have that the explosion had been registered in Both the Soviet Union and the United States decided that the summit had better be lo Alaska, among other places, quite a little are now using outer space for the testing cated abroad. bit beyond the 250-mile limit. The original of missiles designed for military purposes. Or maybe what is called the meeting at the· press release also stated that "Some specta The time to stop is now." summit is taking place right now in a style tors saw a ripple on the side of the mesa as Later the President's proposal, which had that fits our era of outer-space globe girdling. the shockwave moved upward. A few felt been widely approved by a number of Sen These missives shot up in the air in the name a slight movement in the earth under their ate leaders, was taken over by Bulganin, of Bulganin, or Eisenhower, or Macmillan are feet, but most felt nothing." who, in the prevailing style, tied it up with designed only to go round and round, and to By a strange coincidence, it happened that unnegotiable demands. have their courses tracked everywhere. Yet, on the same day, March 6, AEC Commissioner This insane business is bound to come to the pressure is mounting from all sides for Willard F. Libby testified before Senator an end. There must be disengagement from real negotiations and for a reduction of Humphrey's subcommittee and gave a most outer space and atomic tests must be sus armaments. vivid account of the underground explosion. pended. When this happens many people Some voices of sanity have been heard About the actual blast, he said: "The only will _be unhappy, and most of all Dr. Teller. recently, most striking among them, as often thing that we saw, the mountain jumped No atomic scientist we know of has ever gone before, that of Chancellor Adenauer. Aden- about 6 inches, we saw that, but our Geiger so far in lending to his political opinions the 1958 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE. 6305 prestige he has legitimately gained ln the I ask unanimous consent that the arti..; such an agreement was preferable to ·con laboratory. Our country needs scientists like cle by Mr. Schwartz be printed at this: tinued tension and potential conflict. Reality No. 3: Premier Khrushchev is Teller, just as it is imperative that Teller's point in the RECORD. . opinions be answered by men like Harrison pressing for a summit meeting and a partial Brown. But let's not do to Teller what Teller. There being no objection, the article settlement because he believes these would and his friends did to Oppenheimer. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, . be in his own interest. The drains upon the as follows: Soviet economy are now so great--for internal As WE CONFRONT RUSSIA: THE BASIC PROBLEM. development and raising the standard of AS WE CONFRONT RUSSIA: THE living, for aid to Communist and neutralist (By Harry Schwartz) countries and the like-that he can see great BASIC PROBLEM The United States is moving into a period advantages in an easing of international ten Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, in of critical negotiation with Russia-more sion that would permit sharp reduction of critical probably than any confrontation that Soviet military expenditures. Also, he prob the New York Times magazine section has yet taken place between the world's two of April 6 there appeared an article en-· ably believes that any significant measure of greatest powers. There are, most importantly disarmament will plunge the Western econo titled "As We Confront Russia: The among others, the issues of the summit con mies into deep depression because these Basic Problem," by Mr. Harry Schwartz, ference and of the nuclear tests. economies are heavily dependent on arms New York Times stair specialist on Rus Never was it so urgent that we should ap spending. sian a1fairs. proach negotiations without doubts and, These realities are sobering. They offer no Mr. Schwartz' article is one of the above all, without illusions. We must evalu ground for visions of a carefree future de most enlightening and informative dis ate accurately the Soviet Union's capabilities void of intense competition with the Soviet and intentions. In time of war there is no Union. cussions of Soviet power, politics, more certain road to disaster than to mistake strategy, tactics, and its international The facts are that the Soviet Union exists, the strength or plans of the enemy or to that it is strong, and that some accommoda policies that I have ever seen or read. It maintain lllusions that cloud judgment. In tion must be reached. We cannot wish away is well reasoned, well documented, con this time of critical decisions, in this period the Soviet Union and its confrontation. The cise, and straightforward in its presenta of cold war, the same truth should be recog problem of the Soviet Union will not dis tion. Mr. Schwartz has outlined for the nized. appear by itself without hard choices and American people the realities which con Illusions about the Soviet Union have cost tough sacrifices on our part. Illusions will us dearly in the past. In the latter stages only make the task more difficult. Let us front us as a summit meeting becomes a of World War II and immediately afterward, possibility, as well as some of the illusions consider some of these illusions. our expectations about Russian behavior led tllusion No. 1: That time is running in we have about the Soviet Union which to many expensive errors. It was believed, our favor; that, if we hold off the Soviet make our task in dealing with her all the for example, that the Soviet Union would co Union long enough, it will collapse, either more difficult. Every Member of Con operate earnestly in creating a postwar world because of struggles among its leaders or gress owes it to himself and to the Na in which all peoples could live without fear because of internal revolution. This notion tion to study first the realities and of aggression. In that belief, we helped has clearly been at the base of our postwar rehabilitate the war-ravaged areas of Rus containment policy and it is often reflected second the illusions which condition sia; we voluntarily surrendered to Soviet our thinking and prejudice our conclu in the remarks of Secretary Dulles. control a large area of Germany captured by To recognize that time is not necessarily sions about the Soviet Union. Western troops; we returned large numbers running in our favor, one has only to con Mr. Schwartz has said: of war prisoners to their Soviet homeland. template the impact of the past 13 years· If we are to reach a satisfactory settle The bitterness of disillusionment has been upon the power balance between the Soviet ment at a summit meeting, we must discard deep-so deep that from time to time since Union and ourselves. our llluslons about the Soviet Union and 1945 some Americans have even proposed In 1945 we were the strongest nation in base our policy on realities. preventive war. That step is, of course, un the world. We had a monopoly of the thinkable, for practical as well as moral rea atomic bomb. The Soviet Union then was It is this same subject to which I at sons; for the foreseeable future, it would be a nearly exhausted as a result of the huge tempted to address himself on the date sure means of national suicide,. because, while human and material losses suffered in the of February 4 when I spoke to the Sen we can devastate the Soviet Union, the Rus most destructive war in its annals. Today, ate on the subject of American foreign sian power can likewise devastate us. the military situation is essentially a stale policy and disarmament. The alternative is some kind of agreement, mate. Certain technological advantages It appears, however, that despite the some settlement or at least a modus vivendi. in rockets particularly-are with the Soviet But if we are to reach a settlement that Union. Communist rule embraces more frank discussion of the realities which serves our best interests, we must base our face us and the illusions which warp, than a third of mankind and communism's policy upon facts and not upon illusions. influence and its prestige in the under distort, and prejudice our thinking Let us then take inventory. Let us look first developed countries are at a peak. about the Soviet Union, there is an un at some of the realities that confront us as · The Soviet Union has recovered from the willingness in the administration, as well a summit meeting becomes a probability. blows of war and is now more powerful than as in the American people, to recognize Reality No. 1: The Soviet Union's ultimate ever before in its history. The time that the realities and illusions concerning So objective remains the attainment of world has passed since World War ll, in short, has communism. Preinier Khrushchev has made served the Communists better than it has viet power and Soviet purposes. Unless this plain. Sometimes he has been blunt, as we come to grips with the realities and us, and there are no guarantees that the when he told Western diplomats in Moscow, :future will not run the same course. illusions relating to the Soviet, we are "We will bury you." Sometimes he has The fact that there has been no revolution heading down the road to trouble and phrased the matter more tactfully, as when in more than 40 years of Soviet history ultimate catastrophe. We can no longer he assured American television viewers last should warn us again expecting that such a1ford the luxury of deluding -ourselves year that their grandchildren would live in an uprising will soon ease our problems. and others about the realities of the pow a Socialist America. If anything·, the de Similarly the ability of the Soviet. Union to er relationships between the United velopments of the past 6 months-the Soviet survive despite the intensely bitter strug sputnik· successes and our economic reces gles among its rulers should make us wary States and the Soviet Union and other sion-have made Moscow more confident countries. We have lived in the inter about any expectation that such rivalries than ever that this objective can be attained. wlll bring about collapse in the immediate national Alice in Wonderland dream Yet there are signs that the Kremlin believes future. In short, it seems unrealistic to world too long already. its objective can b~ reached through eco expect that any future crises-either of pop Mr. Schwartz challenges Americans to _ nomic and political rather than Inilltary ular dissatisfaction or of competition among come alive, to wake up and grow up. measures. sOviet leaders-will be more severe or pro I for one am deeply indebted to him for Reality No. 2: The Soviet Union has often duce greater results than similar crises of his words of warning and wisdom. I violated its pledged word. The history of the past. only hope that this article has been read Soviet foreign relations suggests that Mos Tilusion No. 2: That the conflict between cow's promise can be relied upon only when, the Free World and the Communist world is by the President, the Secretary of State, and so long as, it is more in the Kremlin's one between our absolute good and their ab and every member of the National Se interest to keep a promise than to break it. solute evil. Acceptance of this view im curity Council. This article and others This was vividly lllustrated in early Novem plies that it is in some way our moral and like it must be read word for word and ber 1956, when preparations for the Soviet quasi-religious obligation to wipe the can line for line. There is no way to brief army's attack on the Hungarian rebels were cer of communism out of existence. this one. Mr. ·Schwartz has already made under cover of pretended negotiations That this is an illusion is immediately for that army's withdrawal. And many other evident 1f we reflect upon the fact that de- · separated the cha1f from the whea~. similar instances could be cited. spite its evils and its demands, Communist The kernels of information, truth, and . The Soviet Union, af4:er. 10 years, did keep rule in the Soviet Union has brought major sound policies have been preserved. The its promise to remove its troops from Austria, advances in industrialization, in education chaff and the fiction have been removed. because, presumably, Moscow concluded that and in health protection. 6306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April '14 The real damage this lllusion does us is do, use the big lie in a way that is incon our assets we can take heart, provided tuat it· prevents us from understanding the ceivable on our side. In a world as full of and this is a large proviso-we change our nature of our opponents and of their mo hungry, discontented, and ill-informed peo thinking and our course. tivations. Abhorrent as the Communist ple as is our planet today, the Communist We and our allies of the Free World are system may be to us, it must be recognized employment of the big lie has already en still by far the richest and most productive that it has inspired large numbers of persons abled Moscow to make ·giant strides. Our section of the human race. We have dem to become virtually religious fanatics on its own sense of rectitude and self-righteousness onstrated that men can attain both freedom behalf; that the Russians could not be is of no help if our .opponent is able, as he and relative plenty-and these are the goals aroused to such fanaticism if they did not has been, to convince hundreds of millions of human beings in every country. We need believe that they were working for a new that we are warmongers who wish to enslave no Iron Curtain to protect our society from kind of nation and a new kind of world. humanity. comparison with others. We need no secret We believe that they are deluded, but we Illusion No. 5: That the struggle against police or censorship to keep our people loyal. cannot afford to misunderstand the delu the Soviet Union is primarily a military one Our basic problem as we approach the sion. and that we are safe so long as we have su period of summit negotiations is that we 'I'lle notion of our absolute good and their periority or equality in armaments. have not adjusted ourselves to the changing absolute evil overlooks a major fact: Most This is perhaps the most dangerous illusion nature of the struggle, that we are not using Soviet citizens have no real conception of of all. The simple fact is that with modern our enormous assets as effectively and as either the abundance or the freedom w·hich weapons any major war would be suicidal imaginatively as they might be employed. Americans enjoy. The measuring stick by for both sides. In this salemate situation, We have weakened our ties with other free which Soviet citizens normally judge their therefore, the function of our arms prepara countries by practicing economic warfare welfare is not the unknown peaks reached in tion is primarily to assure that we wm not against them to benefit special interest this country or in Western Europe. Rather be attacked because the Soviet leaders know groups among our own population. The they constantly compare their present posi that retaliation would mean disaster for richest country in the world, we have been tion with what they had in the past. And them. so grudging and bureaucratic in our ap on that basis we must recognize that So As a result, the main struggle has already proach to helping the poorer countries of the viet citizens today are materially better off shifted from the military sphere to the areas Free World that the Soviet Union has been and relatively freer than at any time in the of political, economic, and propaganda com able to win propaganda triumphs by giving past quarter of .a century. This does not petition. aid, even though of pittance proportions mean they are satisfied with what they have. Politically, the Soviet Union since 1955 has compared with our aid. We have over On the contrary, we know they want both obtained a foothold ir. the Middle East emphasized military alliances, with increas much more material wealth and freedom, but through its alliance with Colonel Nasser of ingly harmful results, while neglecting to they have made enough progress since the Egypt. Our position there is less stable than build adequate communities of interest with worst years of Stalin's rule to believe the fu at any time since German troops were fight other free nations, communities of interest ture will bring still more progress and will ing in North Africa: yet the Soviet Union that are the only lasting hope of political be more tolerable than the past. has not had to shoot one bullet in anger unity against communism. There is one misconception that underlies to win its foothold. I:1 India, the Commu The fruits of our past mistakes and il a good part of this illusion. This is the no nist Party already controls the State of Kerala lusions are becoming increasingly evident in tion that Soviet citizens demand the same and additional gains hy it are not to be the successes Moscow has had in splitting kind of abundance and freedom which we discounted. Communist penetration in In Western public opinion with its summit-talk regard as normal, and that until they have donesia has been so effective that the anti propaganda. We face further defeats, even them there must be major instability in So Communist forces have resorted to rebellion more damaging ones, if we do not abandon viet society. against the legal Government of President illusions and awake to realities. To do so The key fact that we dare not forget is Sukarno. will be unpleasant for many, but far less un that the idea of freedom means little to a The Soviet Union's economic-aid program pleasant than the consequences of persisting man whose stomach is empty. And for the has won it friends and prestige throughout in errors born of ~ishful thinking. majority of the world's population hunger is a wide part of Asia and Africa, and already an ever-present reality or near threat. the same instrument is being employed in Illusion No. 3: That the Communist eco an effort to increase Soviet influence in NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING AND nomic system is impractical and, more, is Latin America. We may see the hypocrisy CONTROL against human nature and therefore it must in the Soviet Union's avowal that it wishes eventually collapse. to help less fortunate countries without ex Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, over The illusion here comes from a lack of acting any political price for that aid, but the past weekend there has been con realization that the Soviet system is not the experience of the past 2 years has shown siderable discussion in the press about theoretical communism, o, the theoretical that this tactic is enormously effective. At statements I have released or stated in egalitarianism many people think of as com the recent meeting of the Southeast Asia public, either on my own responsibility nmnism. In the Soviet Union, there is a Treaty Organization in Manila, the speech or as chairman of the Senate Subcom society of great inequalities, created deliber by the representative of Pakistan showed mittee on Disarmament. I believe that ately to give Soviet citizens maximum incen the fissures that· are being created in our tive for productive contribution. The scien situation by the impression in underdevel all of such discussion has been helpful in tists who built the sputniks are much better oped countries that the United States is nig the continually mounting public interest paid in relation to the ·average Soviet worker gardly, and the Soviet Union generous, in in the question of nuclear weapons tests, than are the American scientists who built economic aid. detectability, inspection, and control. the Vanguard and Explorer satellites in rela The Soviet Union has scored major propa I add at this point, Mr. President, that tion to the average American worker. . ganda coups this past year through its own Dr. Teller, Dr. Bethe, and Admiral The harsh truth is that the Communist accomplishments and through exploitation Strauss will appear as witnesses before economic system works too well for our com of our weaknesses. The sputniks wm un our subcommittee on Wednesday. fort, at least so far as producing military and doubtedly go into history as the most effec economic strength goes. The Soviet Union tive means of winning prestige for a nation So that the record may be perfectly would not pose the great challenge to us it 1n modern tlmes. c'lear, I think it is important that the does today if its rulers had not found ways · On the other hand, the damage done to statements which I have released on the of modifying their original naive ideas about our prestige abroad-among the majority of subject of Soviet and Chinese explosions creating an industrial machine. That this the world's people who are nonwhite-by be made available in their original form·. has been done at great cost to the Soviet peo such incidents as the violence in Little Rock, I say this because understandably and ple does not obscure the fact that the aim has been severe, indeed. Today the Soviet yet regrettably there has been some mis has been achieved. Union is making effective propaganda use of interpretation of the statements. Illusion No. 4: That the Free World is the contrast between its own continuing bound to win because it stands on the side of economic expansion and our recession and On Sunday, April 13, 1958, I issued a right and justice. .unemployment. release on the Soviet underground ex This is a very consoling notion, but, un · A realistic survey of the present world plosion of March 25, 1958. I ask unani fortunately, there is little support for it scene must lead to the conclusion that we mous consent that the text of the release either in history or in the current situation. could lose the struggle against Soviet com be printed at this point in my remarks. The people of ancient Athens no doubt con munism even if we had several times the There bejng no objection, the release sidered themselves the embodiment of right, arms strength we have today, and even if we was ordered to be printed in the RECORD but this did not save them from defeat by were technologically ahead, rather than be 1 Sparta, and later by Rome. hind, the Soviet Union in the weapons race. as follows: What this 1llusion ignores is the key fact It is in the minds of men that the struggle SOVIET UNDERGROUND ExPLOSION DETECTED that our devotion to morality and truth puts will be decided, and under modern condi 5,000 MILES AWAY, HUMPHREY REVEALS us at a severe disadvantage against an oppo tions armed strength is no longer decisive The Soviet Union conducted an under nent who believes that all is moral if it se·rves except as insurance. ground explosion March 25 which was de his ends. In the propaganda war which is This survey of realities and illusions may tected "at several stations around the world so central today, the Communists can, and seem disheartening, but when we consider ranging from over 1,000 miles to over 5,000 1958 CON-GRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6307 miles," Senator HUBERT H. HUlii[PHREY, Demo system that should be installed to prevent ings by the Senate Disarmament Sub· crat, of Minnesota, chairman of the Sub underground nuclear explosions from ;being committee. ::Hearings are scheduled for committee on Disarmament of the Senate conducted secretly. · Committee on Foreign Relations, revealed 6. The procedures and methods that might Wednesday and Thursday of this· week, yesterday. be followed in an effort to conduct under April16 and 17. As I have indicated, ori "Detection of this Soviet underground ex ground nuclear tests secretly without an \those dates we expect to have before us plosion, which occurred at a time and at a inspection system in operation and with an Dr. Edward Teller, Dr. Hans Bethe, and place not previously announced, indicates inspection system in operation. Chairman Lewis Strauss of the Atomic the distances at which underground explo Senator HUlii[PHREY indicated that the in Energy Commission. sions can be detected-particularly if they formation -obtained from the seismologists I ask unanimous consent that a release occur in areas which have been free of earth would be published. "Unfortunately," the quakes," Senator HuMPHREY declared. "The Senator stated, "the studies conducted by of Monday, April 14, 1958, announcing area in which the March 25 explosion took the executive branch on inspection for a and describing such hearings, be printed place had not had any earthquakes for over sUspension of nuclear-weapons tests have not at this point in my remarks. 40 years." been made public. It is, therefore, neces There being no objection, the release Senator HUlii[PHREY said his subcommittee sary for the subcommittee to conduct its own was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, was undertaking a careful study into de studies which can be made available to the as follows: tectabllity of underground explosions--one American people so that they can know the of the crucial issues involved in developing facts of inspection systems to verify a sus SENATOR HUMPHREY ANNOUNCES FuTURE an effective detection system under any pro pension of weapons tests." HEARINGS OF DISARMAMENT SUBCOMMITTEE posal to suspend nuclear-weapons tests. Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, chairman of "Seismic stations at College, Alaska; Hun · Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on the Senate Subcommittee on Disarmament, gry Horse, Mont.; Eureka, Nev.; Kiruna and Monday, April 14, 1958, I released an announced today that the Disarmament Sub Uppsala, Sweden; and Shillong, Indi_a; all other statement based on my appearance committee will hold hearings on April 16 picked up the March 25 underground blast," at the College Press Conference televi and 17. Senator HUMPHREY said. sion program the day before; that is, I On April 16, at 2 p. m., the subcommittee "Information from these stations was suf made the release today based on the ap has invited the prominent physicist, Dr. Ed ficiently ·accurate to determine the time and pearance yesterday. At the time of the ward Teller, to appear before it in public place of the explosion which took place in session to discuss problems involved in the the northern Urals, just outside Pokrovsk television program, I discussed the un control and inspection of a suspension of nu Uralsky, approximately 60° E. and 60° N. aerground explosion which had been set clear-weapons tests and a cutoff of produc The seismic stations mentioned earlier off in Red China under the direction· of tion of fissionable materials for weapons pur which detected the Soviet blast were located Soviet technicians and engineers. poses. Senator HUMPHREY stated that the from 1,290 miles away in Kiruna, Sweden, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con subcommittee expects to publish the testi to 5,650 miles away in Eureka, Nev." sent that the text of the release be mony given as soon as it can be edited tore QUESTIONNAmE TO SEISMOLOGISTS printed at this point in my remarks. move classified information. In giving details of the Soviet blast, Sena There being no objection, the release On April 17, at 10 a. m., the subcommittee tor HUMPHREY announced that he has writ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, has invited Dr. Hans Bethe, outstanding nu ten to 37 seismologists in the United states as follows: clear physicist ·at Cornell University, and asking them to answer a questionnaire de.; Chairman Lewis Strauss of the Atomic Energy signed to obtain information on the detecta SOVIET-AIDED HUGE UNDERGROUND BLASTS IN Commission to appear. Dr. Bethe wm ap bility of underground explosions. In his RED CHINA REVEALED pear in executive session and Chairman letter to the seismologists, Senator HuM Underground explosions of a magnitude Strauss will be in public session. PHREY said that one of the crucial issues in four times as large as our Ranier nuclear Chairman Strauss has been asked to dis any proposal to suspend nuclear-weapons test shot have been set off in Red China cuss several aspects of the problem of the tests is the "kind of inspect1on system which under the direction of Soviet technicians and control of nuclear weapons and tests. Sena would be necessary to assure that all parties engineers, Senator HUBERT H~ HUMPHREY, tor HuMPHREY stated that it was important were observing any test suspension agree Democrat, of Minnesota, revealed yesterday that the policy of the Atomic Energy Com ment. As you know, analysis of the data during a College Press Conference interview. mission toward arms-control measures now from seismic waves is a major method of "The intensity of the largest of a series·of under discussion be clarified. detecting nuclear-weapons tests. - Wh~le the such explosions in Red China has beeri con degree of certainty required for a detection firmed in Soviet journals we have had trans Mr. HUMPHREY. .Mr. President, I ' system is a matter of political judgment, to lated," Senator HuMPHREY said. "The arti invite attention of Senators in particu make this judgment it is essential to have cles are accompanied by pictures of the blast, lar to the information I made available all the facts concerning the technical capa and say that Soviet technicians directed the yesterday, relating to the underground bility • • • to detect and identify under tests. While they do not say whether they explosion of a magnitude of four times grc-und explosions." were nuclear explosions, if not they were the United States Ranier nuclear test "One of the purposes _of the question probably-the biggest deliberate chemical ex naire," Senator HUMPHREY- declared, "is to plosions the world has ever known. The arti shot. I refer to the underground explo determine with respect to areas in which cles claim the underground test explosions sion set off in Red China under the direc earthquakes do occur, how close the seismic were experiments for peaceful purposes. tion of and with assistance by Soviet stations would need to -be located in order "These blasts and recent Soviet under technicians and engineers. to distinguish an earthquake from a man ground explosions emphasize the urgency of The intensity of the largest of a series made explosion." immediate renewed efforts to negotiate of such explosions in Red China has been The questionnaire aims to develop infor through the United Nations for an effective confirmed in Soviet journals we have had mation on the following points concerning international inspection system.- translated. The articles are also accom underground explosions: "Soviet publications have been publishing 1. Distances at which an underground ex numerous articles recently about exploring panied by pictures of the blast, and say plosion of different sizes and occurring at an peaceful uses of vast explosive power, telling that Soviet technicians directed the unknown time and an unknown place would about creating a reservoir of water in a tests. While they do not say whether be detected. desert from one such blast. The under the tests were nuclear explosions, if they 2. At what distances and with how many ground experiments, both in Russia and Red were not they were probably the greatest seismic stations a nuclear blast could be China, could be aimed at providing a means distinguished from an earthquake. The fea deliberate chemical explosions the world for the Soviet to actually continue weapons has ever known. The articles claim the ture of seismic waves which help to distin testing despite its announcement to the world guish an earthquake from a manmade under pledging cessation of such tests. If such un underground test explosions were experi ground explosion. ' derground blasts are detected, as now ap ments for peaceful purposes. · 3. The number of earthquakes of a mag pears can be done, there is nothing to pre I wish to underscore the fact that in nitude equal to a 1.7-kiloton explosion vent the Kremlin from saying the explosions which occur in the Soviet Union and China. the articles the Soviet commentators were merely l'or peaceful purposes. We have again and again refer to the term ''peace This is. t;he size of the underground nuclear no way of proving otherwise, unless an inter explosion (Rainier) detonated in Nevada last national inspection system is established. ful explosions" or to the term "peace September. The number of earthquakes of "Furthermore, the Red China experiments ful purposes." These references indicate a greater magnitude which take place in the under the direction of Soviet technicians to me there possibly is something more Soviet Union and China has also been re quested. show how easy it would be for Khrushchev to the explosions than appears on the to say he has quit testing, then just shift the surface. 4. The extent to which it is easier to detect site of such tests to Red China." a nuclear explosion underwater than under• These blasts and recent Soviet under ground. Mr. HUMPHREY. All of these mat ground explosions emphasize the ur _5. The recommendations of individual ters, Mr. President, will be the subject of gency of immediate renewed efforts to seismologists of the type of an i-nspection further discussion in forthcoming hear- negotiate through the United Nations for 6308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 11, an eft'ective international inspection America after the uprising of October United States Department of Agriculture system. 1956. experts expect mUk production to rise about Soviet publications have been printing During that period I recommended 1 percent ln 1958, which may offset some of the loss from lower supports. numerous articles recently about ex that the National Academy of Science The prop cut came at a time when farm ploring peaceful u8es of vast explosiv$ assist in placing the Hungarian scientists prices were showing signs of strengthening. power, and have referred to creating a in positions that would utilize their pro Minnesota farm prices rose 5 percent last reservoir of water in a desert from one fessional ability. A recent report of the month and were 14 percent higher than in such blast. The underground experi National Academy o:( Science indicates mid-March of 1957. ments, both in Russia and in Red China, that the efforts of the Academy are being The new dairy support levels will have little could be aimed-and here I bring to my well rewarded and that America is aU effect on fluid milk prices to consumers in colleagues' attention a definite proba the better because of our willingness to Minneapolis and St. Paul, according to spokesmen for Twin City Milk Producers bility-could be aimed at providing a accept into our midst these talented and AssociationJ which supplies the bulk of the means for the Soviet actually to continue enlightened men of science. milk for the two cities. weapons testing despite its announce America will always be richer and Last year, Minnesota dairy farms produced ment to the world pledging cessation of stronger when she opens her doors to 6,821,000,000 pounds of milk from April such tests. those who seek to contribute of their through December with some 80 percent If such underground blasts are de labor, their .skill, and their knowledge being used for dairy products, chiefly butter. tected, as now appears can be done, to the well-being of mankind. Farmers in the State sold more than $265 million worth of milk and cream in 1956 and there is nothing to prevent the Kremlin I ask unanimous consent that this edi the 1957 income figures which are now being from saying that the explosions were torial be printed in the body of the compiled in Washington will show an in merely for peaceful purposes. I empha RECORD at this point. crease over 1956. size the terminology "peaceful purposes," There being no objection, the editorial Price supports for manufacturing milk because I am convinced that the Soviet was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, don't go directly to the farmer. The Gov has set up a background of discussion as follows: ernment supports the price by buying butter, and talk around those words. We have AMERICA'S GAIN cheese, and dried milk powder from process no way of proving otherwise, unless an Hungarian scientists who came to America. ing plants at prices which will enable the after the uprising of October 1956 have, on processor to pay their farmer suppliers the international inspection system is estab- determined parity levels. the whole, adapted themselves well to their lished. I The new support at 75 percent of parity Furthermore, the Red China experi new country. The National Academy of Sciences, which helped many of them will be $3.06 a hundred pounds for milk and ments under the direction of Soviet through the first problems o:f getting used 58.6 cents a pound for butterfat. Farmers supplying the Twin Cities market technicians show how easy it would be to the strange environment and getting es~ for Khrushchev to say he has quit test tabllshed in jobs or graduate school study, wlll feel the full effects of the support drop ing, and then shift the site of such tests reports that they are making real progress. by May even though their prices are set by a to Red China. The Hungarians have impressed American Federal milk marketing order. The order scientists with their knowledge and talent, price is determined partly by dairy products Knowledge of such explosions· and ex prices, which will be lower. periments going on in Red China further with their general awareness of political and social issues and with their background in The 19 cents a hundred cut, however, emphasizes the necessity to reevaluate subjects other than science. Already they represents less than half a cent a quart for our policies toward Red China in rela have accomplished enough to show how bottled milk, Twin City milk omcials said. tion to any disarmament discussions as much the United States stands to gain by State-Federal crop and livestock reporting they refer to Red China. welcoming and encouraging refugee scientists service yesterday said 8 percent income rise I have previously indicated that the from Europe. for livestock products and crops accounted for the overall increase of 5 percent in farm size of the largest of at least 4 Red China prices from mid-February to mid-March. explosions would be classified, in terms March was the ninth consecutive month of nuclear magnitude-not necessarily a DAffiY PRICE SUPPORTS that the average of prices was above the nuclear test--as at least 9 kilotons, com Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, corresponding period a year earlier. pared to the United States Ranier test there are those who have been arguing Hog, cattle, and sheep prices were up. of 1.7 kilotons, the· Ranier test having the technical aspect of farm price sup The average of $20.30 a hundred pounds for been a nuclear test. hogs was the highest March since 1954 and ports and there are others who have cattle, at $20.40 a hundred pounds, were I bring these facts to the attention of openly supported the administration's above any other March level since 1952. my colleagues so that there can be no recent order to reduce price-support misunderstanding as to what has been levels on dairy products. said. According to the agricultural expert TE;E JOBLESS MUST BE PUT BACK I conclude by saying that every bit of the Minneapolis Tribune, Mr. Russell of this information is unclassified. Re Asleson, the adminstration dairy price TO WORK NOW grettablY.. it has not been made a point support reduction will cost Minnesota Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, with of discussion by our agencies of Govern farmers a minimum of $13 millon. This all the talk about the recession and ment, but it is unclassified. It was ob is quite a price to pay for the Eisenhower what, if anything, can be done about tained by resort to Soviet scie'ntific jour smile and the policies of Benson. it, it is refreshing to read a clear logical nals, some of which were written in Mr. Asleson further notes that reduced and intelligent statement of p~licy. i English, and others of which needed to price supports do not seem to reduce the found such a statement in an editorial be translated. volume of production of milk. Produc which appeared in the March 27 issue I thought it proper to bring these facts tion goes up as prices come down, de of the Minnesota Union Advocate. It to the attention of the public, to indi spite all the propaganda and theorizing is entitled "The Jobless Must Be Put cate both the problems of detecting of the Secretary of Agriculture. Back to Work Now, Not Some Day." underground explosions, and also the I ask unanimous consent to have the It would be well for every Member of capacity which we have at present to do article by Mr. Asleson printed at this the Congress to read this editorial and so, which capacity I believe could be point in the RECORD. to recognize its significance. greatly improved. There being no objection, the article 'I'he unemployed man does not want Mr. President- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, - views, he wants work. An economy The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as follows: which is slowing down does not need Senator from Minnesota. executive and legislative debate and de MILK-PROP Loss IN STATE SET AT $13 MILLION lay, it needs action and decision. With (By Russell Asleson) over 5 million unemployed, and another PLACEMENT IN AMERICA OF REFU Minnesota farmers may have. a. loss o:f 2 million workers with part-time em some $13 million in dairy income this year. GEE HUNGARIAN SCIENTISTS The lowered income estimate is dUe to the ployment, the issue of unemployment cannot be ignored and must be corrected. Mr. HUMPHREY; Mr. President, re drop in Federal price props that went cently there appeared in the Minneapolis into effect Tuesday. The Government . I ask unanimous consent to have the trimmed 19 cents a hundred pounds off editorial from the Minnesota Union Ad Tribune of April 3, an editorial entitled price supports for mil:k used for making vocate printed at this point in the REc "America's Gain." This editorial refers dairy products like butter, cheese, and ice ORD. I commend the editorial. It is. a to the Hungarian scientists who came to creaxn. forthright statement. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD- SENATE 6309 There being no objection, the editorial of the extension of the Reciprocal Trade Nevertheless, in recent years, amendments to was ordered to be printed in the REcORD, Act which has appeared in recent the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act have months was an article entitled "Inter tended to slow down tariff liberalization and as follows: to place new restr~ctions on imports. THE JoBLESS MusT BE Ptrr BACK TO WoRK national Trade-In America's Interest" In 1955, Co.ngress extended the _reciprocal Now, NOT SOME DAY printed in Labor's Economic Review trade agreements program for 3 years until You have to go back to the days of the published by the AFL-CIO in March June 30, 1958. This means that in this 1958 Hoover depression to recall the blindness, in 1958. session, Congress must decid~ whether to ex decision, faltering leadership and refusal to This article deserves the widest possi tend the program and especially whether to face economic facts to the same degree that is ble circulation. I ask unanimous con continue to support the goal of gradual re being manifested today by the Eisenhower duction of tariff barriers. Republican administration in Washington. sent that the text be printed at this Its decision will have great bearing on the For months, there have been demands for point in the RECORD. economic prosperity of t~e United States and action-responsible, effective and sensible There being no objection, the article an even greater infi~ence on whether the action-to halt the growing business reces was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, United States will continue to lead in efforts sion and alarming increase in unemploy as follows: to expand the economic welfare and political ment, but the Eisenhower administration INTERNATIONAL TRADE-IN AMERICA'S INTEREST strength of the free nations of the world. st111 is. not moving effectively or vigorously. The wait and see attitude st111 prevails. International trade is vital to the eco UNITED STATES FOREIGN TRADE What in heaven's name are they waiting nomic welfare and the political strength of Even though trade is less significant in our for? the entire Free World. Expanded trade will economy than in other nations, the United The answer to unemployment is to put stimulate economic gro·_vth and higher liv States is the most important trading nation people to work. No jobs? Then the Gov ing standards in Free-World nations and in the world. The reason for this is that, ernment can find jobs or make jobs. It is thereby strengthen them and us against the while imports and exports are only a small as simple as that. Soviet drive for world domination. That is part of our national income, our national This country "'needs production, construc the major reason why expanded world trade income is so much larger than the national tive worth-while production. The country is in America's interest. income of other countries that a small pro has the money to pay for this production. In addition, we in the United States gain portion of our national income is consider And certainly, there are the workers avail directly by trading with the other nations of ably larger than a much larger proportion of able-more than 5 million unemployed. the world. We obtain from them raw mate theirs. Last year. United States exports You say this can't be done overnight? It rials and some manufactured goods which amounted to $21 billion, about 5 percent of isn't a case of overnight. The administra we can't or don't produce, and they provide total output. These exports, however, were tion had ample -warning of what 1958 was us with markets for many of the products greater than the total production of many going to bring many, many months ago. of our factories and farms. - nations. In fact, the United States accounts That was when there should have been the To put the issue in ~ roper perspective, it for about 40 percent of world income. necessary planning. Had that been done, is only fair to point out that although trade For many years, the United States was sec millions of the unemployed would be draw plays an important role in our own economy, ond to the United Kingdom in the world ing full paychecks today-and it wouldn't it is even more vital to most of our Free trade picture, but since World War II, we be boondoggling work, either. World allies. While we would suffer badly if have_attained the No. 1 rank. The United But instead of doing that, the adminis we did not trade with other nations, they States imports more and exports more than tration did nothing. And even now, the ad might be faced with actual extinction. any other nation. ministration has done nothing but permit Trade is the very lifeblood of the economies For a number of years, our exports have an earlier timetable on Federal projects long of many nations and especially trade with been much larger than our imports. In 1956, since authorized-and this only after con the United States. They look to us for new exports exceeded imports by more than $6 siderable pressure by the AFL-CIO and pres materials, machinery, and other products billion with an even greater gap the follow sure of a political nature as well. which they must have to keep their econ ing year. In fact, ours is the only industrial For 9 out of 10 unemployed persons, 1958 omies running. They also look to us to pur country with a continuous large surplus of can be called the Year of the Dirty Deal chase the products they can sell. exports over imports. We have been able to because there is no reason why they should We must never forget that trade is a two maintain this export balance only by making be without jobs. way street. If we export, we earn the means up the difference between exports and imports They are unemployed without reason be to pay for our imports. The same conditions by providing foreign countries with loans or cause in any disaster or catastrophe those apply to our trading partners. They want grants under the Marshall plan and other who are hurt the worst should be given first from us a broad variety of goods which are postwa,r mutual-security programs. attention. either better, more readily available, or EXPORTS A recession and unemployment comprise cheaper than they can produce. But if they an economic disaster. And who are hurt the are to buy our products they must be able United States exports have expanded worst in an economic catastrophe of this to sell us theirs. greatly in the past 30 years. From 1929 to kind? Why, those who are unemployed, of 1953, exports increased 2Y:z times. Since 1953, course. But are they getting first attention For there is one guiding principle in the international economy--over the long run, exports have continued to mount, reaching from the Eisenhower Republican a-dminis a level of nearly $21 billion in 1957. tration? imports (or purchases) must balance exports In recent years, exports have more than They are not. They are the last to be (or sales) . In the last analysis, trade is a kept pace with the total economy. Their considered. give-and-take proposition. Unless every na tion, including the United States, is prepared share of our total output of goods and serv Certainly, the administration now is talk ices (gross national product) rose from 3.4 ing about tax reductions. And tax reduc to purchase the products of other nations, it percent in 1953 to 4.8 percent in 1957. cannot sell in their markets. tions are welcome, but what do they mean In its early history, the United States was to the worker who has no income to be If all nations traded with each other with principally an exporter of agricultural prod taxed? out any restriction, we would have what the ucts and other raw materials to the older na And a long-range stepup in defense pro economists call free trade. For various rea tions of Europe, while we imported from duction doesn't mean much to the worker sons-some good and some bad-the United them mainly finished products. Today, the who needs a job right now, even though he States and other countries have established United States still exports mineral products knows there is need for national security. various types of barriers to trade which re• and other raw mate_rials, but manufactured Twenty-five years ago Franklin Delano strict imports from other countries.1 articles are now our principal class of ex Roosevelt showed that the way to cure the These restrictions are either: ( 1) tariffs ports. In fact, the changing pattern of our 1lls of unemployment is to put people back which are simply a tax on imports; or (2) foreign trade is one aspect of the transfor to work, not worry about budget-balancing quotas-which are absolute limitations on mation of the United States from a primarily and penny-pinching. the value of imports regardless of any tariff agricultural economy to the world's leading All the confidence and chins •UP speeches that may be imposed within the quota. industrial economy. of the Eisenhower administration baloney Since 1934, when the Reciprocal Trade Our expanding economy has developed artists mean nothing insofar as the unem Agreements Act was first passed, United such huge needs for industrial raw mate ployed are concerned. These 5 m1llion job States official policy has been to bring about rials that we have shifted from large net less men and women would like to hear a gradual reduction of barriers to trade. Or exports of raw materials to sizable net im just 4 words, and they'd like to hear them ganized labor in the United States has sup ports. Indeed, foreign supplies of raw mate right now. The 4 words are: ported this program from the beginning. rials have in large part made possible the "Report to work Monday." Through international negotiations with tremendous expansion of the United States other countries, the United States has gradu economy which at best would have been ally reduced its tariff levels. Since 1934, our much slower and more costly if we had been EXTENSION OF RECIPROCAL TRADE tariffs have been reduced by about 50 percent. forced to rely on our own resources ex ACT clusively. 1 Sometimes for defense or other reasons, At the same time, as we have been ex Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, countries may restrict their exports of cer• panding our imports of raw materials. we one of the best presentations in favor tain especially needed items. have increased our exports of manufactured ~310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 1~ goods. This has helped to accelerate the 25 and 40 percent for cotton, wheat, rice, fats output of the United States. Textiles, ma development and to raise the productivity of and oils, and tobacco. chinery, steel, and automobiles are the large our growing industries. Moreover, these ratios understate the true items in this category. IMPORTS importance of export markets since they EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF TRADE , cover only exports of each industry's products While imports have also risen markedly in the form in which they leave that in About 4¥2 million workers or approximate 1n the past 30 years, they have not expanded dustry. Actually, an industry's output may ly 7 percent .of the total labor force depend as much as exports. During this period, im be exported, but only in a modified form after .for their jobs on foreign trade. ports have actually declined somewhat rela .further processing by other industries. This The leaderwork on page 5647 shows how tive to total economic activity. Since 1953, is particularly true of such industries as iron the picture looked in 1956. however, imports have about kept pace with and steel or nonferrous metals. Such in .More workers owe their jobs to foreign trends in the general economy. dustries have a stalte in export markets much trade than are employed in such major in The long-term relative decline in imports, larger than direct exports of their own dustries as mining, contract construction, as compared with both exports and overall products. transportation, and public utilities or fi economic activity, is due primarily to In all of the following industries, exports nance. Another way of looking at it is that markedly decreased purchases from abroad play a very large part either directly or in foreign trade provided somewhat more jobs of certain raw materials, especially raw silk directly in the total industry picture: agri in 1956 than the iron and steel, machinery, and crude rubber. culture, mining, construction, metalwork .and automobile industries combined. GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN ing, and other nonelectrical machinery; The discussion thus far has been of em Until about 1900, most United States trade motors and generators; motor vehicles ployment resulting from United States for was with Europe. Thus, for the years 1891- (primarily trucks rather than passenger cars) eign trade. But what about the jobs lost 1900, Europe accounted for 52 percent of and other transportation equipment; iron to United States workers because of compe United States imports and 78 percent of and steel; nonferrous metals; chemicals; tition of foreign imports? Obviously, if as United States exports. petroleum and coal products; rubber prod many · or more jobs were lost as are gained, After World War I, our foreign trade shifted ucts; and, of course, maritime. foreign trade couldn't be· said to benefit to other countries in the Americas, and to Of course, imports are also a very impor American workers, at least, not directly. Asia, Africa, and Australia. By 1955 Europe's tant ;factor in our economy. Our entire The fact is, however, that imports take share of our imports was only 22 percent and econmnic life would quickly sink to a much very few jobs away from American workers. of our exports 30 percent. On the other lower level if we could not obtain imports It has been estimated that if all tariff duties hand, about half our foreign trade is now from abroad. were temporarily suspended, total displace with Canada and Latin America. In recent years, imports have been about ment of American workers might range from somewhat le.ss than 200,000 to slightly more EXPORTS GREATER THAN .IMPORTS 3 percent of gross national product and some what over 6 percent of movable goods pro than 400,000.2 Trade developments in certain key indus duced in the United States. But these fig Thus, the maximum loss of jobs would tries in recent years emphasize the continu ures do not tell the whole story of the im not be even 10 percent of the employment ing and growing gap between our exports portance of imports in our economy. We we gain from foreign trade even if all tariff and imports. For example, in 1953, we ex sometimes tend to forget that directly or in duties were temporarily suspended. But this ported about $900 million worth of chemi directly imports in one form or another are is an extreme assumption because no re cals and allied products and imported about used in nearly every American home, fac sponsible individual or group is urging sus $450 million. By 1957 exports had risen to tory, farm, and omce. pension of all tariffs. $1¥2 70 1953 billion, some percent above the In 1956, half our imports were in the form While it is impossible to determine pre level, while imports have remained at or of raw or semi-processed materials. Gov cisely how many workers are displaced by below the 1953 level during this period. ernment surveys have shown that in every foreign imports, it is clear they represent Both exports and imports of industrial and year from 1900 to 1952, imports of non-food only a tiny fraction-probably considerably business machinery have increased in recent raw materials were equivalent to more than less than 5 percent-of the 4¥2 million jobs years. Imports have nearly doubled from one-sixth of total United States output of which result from foreign trade. Neverthe $150 to $280 million between 1953 to raw mat-erials other than foods. This sit less, the probleins created by displacement 1957, an increase of $130 million. Exports uation undoubtedly remains unchanged. of even this small number of workers cannot rose by only 53 percent, but from a level We rely even more heavily upon imports be ignored. of $1.7 billion in 1953 to more than $2.6 for supplies of some of our most vital raw HOW RECIPROCAL TRADE WORKS billion in 1957 or about $900 million. materials, especially for our metallurgical in The major principle involved 1n the re Imports of cotton textiles have received dustries, which are essential to keep our fac a great deal of attention in recent years. tory wheels turning and assembly lines mov ciprocal trade agreements program is a sim They increased by 80 percent from 1953 to ing. Thus, we obtain from abroad most of ple one. The basic idea is that within cer 1957. Over the same period, exports decreased our manganese, chrome, antimony, and co tain limits set by the Congress, the United by 8 percent. Yet, in 1957 imports were $135 balt, as well as large amounts of tungsten, States is prepared to reduce its tariffs on million, while exports were $250 million. lead, zinc, and cadmium. In addition to certain goods which other nations wish to Thus, United States cotton textile exports such metals, we also obtain wholly or pri export to us provided such nations wlll make were nearly twice as large as imports. marily from abroad industrial diamonds, compensating reductions of their tariffs on During the first 9 months of 1957, our mica, asbestos, and extra-long staple cotton. items we want to export to them. exports exceeded imports by nearly two Without these imports, many industries The negotiations of these reciprocal tariff thirds. In part this resulted from the block could not operate at all or could operate only reductions take place at periodic interna ing of the Suez Canal which had the effect at infinitely higher cost. tional conferences on a multilateral basis. in early 1957 of decreasing our exports· and In 1956, about one-fifth of the crude and That is, representatives of all of the nations reducing our imports of oil. Nevertheless,· semimanufactured goods imported were of which wish to take part in mutual lowering there can be no doubt that the United States ficially classified as strategic mater)als for of tariff barriers (or as it is technically called continues to have a large export balance. stockpiling purposes, while another fifth "exchange of tariff concessions") and which TRADE IN THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY consisted of materials obtained wholly oral have adhereq to the General Agreement on most exclusively from foreign sources. Tariffs and Trade (known simply as the It has already been mentioned that trade 8 plays a smaller part in our national economy More than half of our imports of foods GATT) meet together. Some 37 nations have adhered to the GATT, including all of than in other countries. . are of tropical products, such as coffee, tea, This is a fact, but it does not mean that cocoa, bananas, spices, and nuts for which the major non-Communist trading countries. foreign trade is an insignificant factor in our our entire supply is obtained from abroad. Nations adhering to the GATT have agreed economy. Quite the contrary is true. In In addition, we obtain half our sugar and they will negotiate on a most-favored-na fact, trade is one of our largest industries. one-third of our fish from abroad, as well tion basis. This means that any tariff re The value of United States goods marketed as some cheeses, meat products, wines, and duction will apply to all nations exporting abroad in 1956 was greater than that of all other alcoholic beverages. that particular item. nonfarm homebuilding, of all consumer pur Manufactured products constitute only For example, 1f France agrees to lower its chases of automobiles, or all of farmers' gross about one-fifth of our imports. About one tariff on a particular item, the new tariff at receipts from their crops or livestock. The third are not subject to tariff duties which the lower level must apply to all nations value of our exports about equaled our generally means that the foreign products associated with it in the GATT. In return, entire output of minera.is and was not far shipped to the United States are not con the other nations will lower their tariffs on below the retail value of all clothing and sidered to be in competition with our own items France wants to export, and all GATT shoes purchased by American consumers. industries. Newsprint and certain types of Some industries depend very importantly machines are the only manufactured prod 2 Staff Papers Presented to the Commission on foreign trade for their markets. F,or ex ucts imported in significant volume which on Foreign "Economic Policy, February 1954, ample, exports accounted for 1~ percent of are not subject to duty. · p , 381. total production of trucks, 30 percent for Imports of finished manufactured goods, 8 If only 2 nations met, we- would have tracklaying tractors, 11 percent for machine subject to tar11f duty, currently amount to bilat!')ral negotiations, which is the way the tools, 26 percent for construction and mining about $2Y:l billion. This is probably not United States administered the reciprocal equipment, 14 percent for coal, and between more than about 1 Y:r percent of total factory trade agreements program in its early years. 1958 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6311 nations wlll also reap the benefits of these TllADE ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM The APL-CIO has urged that specific rec lowered tariff's. Experience has demonstrated that the ognition be given to the principle of fair There are two major safeguards in our economy as a whole has not sufiered from labor standards in international trade. In reciprocal trade agreements program in the gradual lowering of taritr barriers dur legislation extending the reciprocal trade tended to protect American industry and ing the past quarter of a century. However, ~reements program, Congress should direct workers ·against undue injury or hardship some few industries have been hit hard by the President to make the promotion of resulting from import competition. the impact of increased imports resulting fair labor standards in international trade The first safeguard 'is the peril point. from tarltr reduction. If increased trade a major objective of our international trade This is the tariff level established in ad and a continued gradual reduction of tariff' policy. It is also appropriate that such vance of tar11f negotiations below which it is barriers are in the national interest, then it international agencies as the ILO and the considered that injury might be threatened must also be in the national interest to help GATT give this matter their earnest con to the domestic industry. Under the law, the firms, communities, and workers ad sideration. a peril point is established for each item versely atrected by increased imports. ORGANIZATION FOR TRADE COOPERATION involved in taritr negotiations. United That is the basic purpose of the trade ad States negotiators may not agree to a taritr One other problem warrants brief mention justment program. Authorization for this here, although it is not tied up directly with rate below the peril point level. program is contained in S. 2907, introduced Even after the taritr rate is reduced, there extension of the reciprocal trade agreements by Senator KENNEDY, Democrat, of Massa program. This is the question of United is still a further protection known as the chusetts, and companion bills H. R. 9505 in escape-clause procedure. Under this pro States affiliation to the proposed Organiza troduced by Congressman EBERHARTER, Demo tion for Tl:ade Cooperation. cedure an American industry which feels crat, of Pennsylvania, and H. R. 1105 in that it is being unduly injured by a lowered The OTC is needed to place the GATT, troduced by Congressman DoNOHUE, Demo to which the United States has been a party taritr may petition the Taritr Commission to crat, of Massachusetts. raise the taritr to its previous level. 1! the since its inception 10 years ago, on a perma Tariff' Commission finds that there has been The trade adjustment program is proposed nent and etrective basis. At present, the injury, it transmits its recommendation to as an alternative to taritr increases as con GATT is unique among international organi the President who has discretion either to tained under the escape-clause procedure. zations in that it has no permanent statr or accept or reject the Tariff' Commission's It would give the President one additional administrative machinery. finding. route to follow in an escape-clause proce The AFL-CIO has urged Congress at the In arriving at its finding, the Tariff' Com dure. earliest possible date to authorize United mission may consider only whether the do The Tariff' Commission would follow its States membership in the OTC. present procedure of holding hearings to de mestic industry has suffered because of in RECIPROCAL TRADE-NEEDED MORE .THAN EVER creased imports. The President, who has the termine the extent of injury resulting from If The need for an effective program for re final authority, considers all~ relevant mat increased imports. the President accepted ters, including the broad national interest. the Taritr Commission's findings of injury, ducing barriers to trade is probably greater That is why the President from time to time instead of imposing an increase in duty, he today than ever before. If the United States rejects the Taritr Commissioner's recom could recommend that the facilities of the were to renounce its leadership in etrorts mendations, and why it is essential that the trade adjustment program be invoked. to reduce taritrs, this would be a signal to President's authority to overrule the Tariff Thereupon certain types of assistance would our Free-World allies that we were returning Commission's recommendations be con become available for workers, firms, and to economic isolation and that we were cal tinued. communities. lous to the economic requirements of the One additional point is worth keeping in Workers would have available to them other free nations. · mind. If the United States raises a tariff' supplementary unemployment compensation Confronted with contraction or closing of because of an escape clause action, it means benefits, earlier retirement under social se markets for their products in the United that we have to reduce our tariffs on some curity, retraining for new job opportunities States, many of our Free-World allies might, other items which we import from abroad and transportation to new areas of employ in desperation, seek new opportunities for or else foreign nations have the right to ment. trade with the Soviet Union, Red China, raise their tariffs. The decrease in our tariffs Industrial firms could obtain loans, tech and their satellites. The Communist leaders or the increase in theirs is necessary to re nical information or the privilege of accel are only too ready and eager to take advan store the overall balance previously nego erated amortization for the purpose of de tage of such opportunities. For them, trade tiated. velopment of new or ditrerent lines of pro is a weapon in the cold war. EXTENSION LEGISLATION duction. Already, the Soviet Union has otrered trad The reciprocal trade agreements program Communities or industrial development ing arrangements to a considerable number will expire on June 30, 1958, unless the Con corporations within communities would of non-Soviet countries. It woUld be the gress takes action to extend it. The Presi have access to loans, technical information, height of folly for the United States to dent has requested a 5-year extension with and market research. strengthen our military posture against the authority to reduce tariff rates by 25 percent This would not be a costly program. It Soviet Union while permitting them to en (with certain exceptions) over the 5-year is estimated that the total cost of the pro hance their economic and political position period in exchange for reciprocal taritr con gram would be a maximum of $2 Inillion by opening up new avenues o! trade with cessions by foreign countries. a year and probably less than this amount. Free-World countries. What this means is that if a particular The trade adjustment program is sup- · AMERICA AT A CROSSROADS tariff concession is now 20 percent, the Presi ported not only by organized labor, but by America is at a crossroads in its tariff and dent could reduce the current rate over the business leaders and experts in the trade trade policy. The choice is clear. We can next 5 years by 25 percent of 20 percent or by field who recognize that this type of pro choose the path of restrictionism and at 5 percent. Thus, if he used his full author gram is essential if we are to have a con tempt to keep out foreign goods from our ity, the rate on this item at the end of the tinuing effective reciprocal trade agreements markets. !But if we do, we must be prepared 5-year period would be 15 percent. program. Enactment of the trade adjust to pay the consequences. If we drastically The AFL-CIO vigorously supports exten ment program as part of the overall recip reduce our imports, inevitably our export sion of the reciprocal trade agreements pro rocal trade agreements program would pro markets will wither away. Millions of work gram for a period of at least 5 years. The vide essential justice to those atrected by ers whose jobs depend on foreign trade will resolution adopted at the recent AFL-CIO imports anci woUld contribute to the broad face unemployment. convention urged extension for at least 5 national interest in reducing barriers to trade. If we pursue a restrictionist pollcy, our years with reinforcement of "the basic goal trading partners now allied with us in the LABOR STANDARDS of the reciprocal trade agreements pro common struggle against Soviet expansion gram, the gradual reduction of barriers to The labor movement has long advocated may well be faced with the unhappy com trade without undue hardship to American the principle that fair competition in inter pulsion of stepping up trade with the Soviet industries or American workers." national trade requires fair labor standards Union and its satellites. Thus, by restricting Despite the urgent need for extension of in exporting industries. Organized labor has trade, we Inight not only stifle our own econ the reciprocal trade agreements program, raised this issue not as a justification for omy and the economies of our Free-World opposition to it is probably stronger now restricting trade but in order to secure im allies, but we would also strengthen the eco than ever before. The reason for this is provement of labor standards in exporting nomic and political power of our Soviet foes. that while there can be no doubt of the long countries as a means of equalizing competi The other alternative is for the United run advantages of :t:oreign trade to the United tion in international trade. States to maintain its leadership in the con States, a growing number of American indus Unitea States employment attributable to tinuing etr.ort to reduce the barriers to trade .tries are being affected to a greater or le.sser foreign traae in 1956 among the nations of the Free World. To be degree by import competition. Nonagricultural workers------2, 516, 000 sure, 1f we perinit more imports, a relatively To meet the problem of easing the ad Agricultural workers______602, 000 small number of American workers, employ justment of those atrected by import com Transportation and distribution__ 524.000 ers, and communities may be adversely af petition a proposal has been developed and Processing imported materials____ 858, 000 fected. But 1f effective facilities for adjust introduced in Congress for a trade adjust ment to the impact of trade are developed, .ment program. Total------4,500,000 those affected by import competition will be CIV-398 6312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April' 1~ relieved of any undue hardship whlle the Robert L. Johanson Edward F. Lewis IN THE ARMY Nation as a whole can reap the benefits of Alan D. Breed Edmund J. Sp1llane, The following-named officers for promo expanding international trade. Daniel C. Olson, Jr. Jr. tion in the Regular Army of the United Those benefits are real, and they are Im Charles W. Fead John B. Jones-Bate- States, under the provisions of title 10, portant. They are more than the foreign Kenneth R. Depper- man, Jr. United States Code, sections 3284 and 3305. products we need and want for our comfort man Donald C. Cunning- All officers are subject to physical examina and economic welfare. They are more than Ira F. Thompson ham tion required by law. markets abroad for the products of our fac Carlos A. Garcia . Robert H. Overton lli tories and farms. Ralph W. Eustis Kenneth D. Albritton To be colonel, Medical Corps Expanding international trade promotes Thomas J. McKey III John M. Duke, Jr. Alexander, Frank 0., 019607. the best interest of our own country and ad The following-named persons to be en- Bayliss, Milward W., 041743. vances the welfare and security of the free signs in the United States Coast Guard: Berry, Wilbur c., 020410. nations of the world. This is the most im Bruton, Ogden c., 029283. portant benefit of 'international trade, a Ernest B::>yd Acklin, Jr. Bunshaw, Raymond H., 021024. benefit in which all free peoples can share. Louis Joseph Albert CafareUi, Roosevelt, 022265. John Cooper Armacost Heffernan, George A., 029273. Robert Frank Bennett Howard, James W., 019601. ADJOURNMENT George Thomas Bergman Kamiah, Robert J., 029295. Cecil Sherman Bert F., 072239. Bertoglio, Raymond A., JAGC, 01580928. Dryden, David D. Purdy, Malcolm M. Steakley, John W., 072241. Mosebar, Robert H., MC, 02033525. Eason, Lloyd J., Jr. Rle:fiin, James W. Steinman, Charles A., 072242. Freese, Thelma U., ANC, N730962. Fechner, Ruben F., Jr.Roberts, John E. Stemle, Ricbard A., 072243. Quesenberry, Esther M., ANC, N792609. Frase, Howard J. See, Thomas A. Stern, Wynne B., Jr., 072244. Vernick, Clifford G., MC, 04039822. French, Ernest D. Souter, John R. Fuhs, James F. Sperandio, John R. Stevens, Ch&rles H., 3d, 072245. To be first lieutenants Stevenson, Michael A., 072246. Gunther, Arthur G. Uemura, Edward H. Stockett, Lawrence E., 072247. Bass, James W., MC, 0228446. Hubbell, Gtlbert L. Webb, Byron D., Jr. Stone, Howar.d F., 072248. Bastian, Robert C., Jr., MC, 02284561. Karras, Edward J. Wheeler, Gerald E. Strati, Robert A., 072249. Blackwell, Travis L., MC, 02285137. Kirk, Robert K. Wilson, Jack R., II Streett, William B., Jr., 072250. Brierty, Robert E., MC, 01929377. Mauk, Gerald F. Woods, William B. Stricklancl, James R., 072251. Buchanan, Darrell S., MC, 01942183. Merril, Carl R. Chipman, David W., MC, 02283905. Strom, John H., 072252. The following-named disting\].lshed m111- Sullivan, Paul J., Jr., 072254. DeHaven, Charles R., MC. Deller, John J., Jr., MC, 02284249. tary students for appointment in the Regu Sydenham, Stanley R., 072255. DeNardo, Gerald L., MC, 02283906. lar Army of the United States, .in the grade Symonds, Charles H., 2d, 072256. Des Rosters, Joseph L., MC, 02284101. of second lieutenant, under the provisions of Taylor, Richard F., Sr., 074031. Doudlah, Anna M., AMSC, J100250. Public Law 737, 84th Congress: Tebodo, Louis T., 072257. Druckrey, Gerald R., MC, 02288921. Abbott, Rudolph E. Allen, Frank w. Tennant, Billy M., 072258. Easterling, Ronald E., MC, 02283832. Adamcik, Merrill T. Allison, Ronald P. Terrio, William A., 072259. Henshaw, Dan M., MC, 02283899. Adams, William D. Allison, Roy L. Thorner, Joseph N., 072260. Jones, Stewart G., MC, 02285088. Aldstadt, David P. Aim, Charles P. Thompson, Theodore E., 072261. Koeniger, Fred H. A., DC, 04070565. Alexander, William F. Ambrose, Edward F. Torrence, James E., 072262. . Kundel, Donald w., MC, 02284716. Allen, David J. Anderson, John c. 1 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6315 Andonle, Jack A. Chesterfield, Joseph v. Frank, Basil E. Hunt, John B. Luna, Wllbur V. Pace, Prewitt L. Andre, David H. Chopin, Lamy J ., Jr. Freeman, Thomas E. Hunton. Euge:J;le R., Lund, John W. Painter, Keith Arndt, Larry K. Christenberry, James Friedenwald, Robert L. Jr. Lunde, Henrik 0. Palumbo, Patrick J. Askelson, Dennis L. P. Fulkerson, Charles W. Ingram, Eric F. MacPhee, John T. Papa, Joseph Atkinson, Richard F. Christensen, Paul J. Fullman, Carl H. Irwin, Allan S. Maddox, Bobby J. Parchen, David H. Aukerman, Gerald R. Chunn, Don C., Jr. Furber, Carter A. Iwai, Robert H. Maffia, Paul M. Parker, Wendell G. Austin, Forrest L. Clack, Edward L. Fyffe, Carroll M. Jarock, Norman F. Major, Richard B. Pa-rkinson, Everton H., Axline, Daniel D. Clarke, Robert L. Gallagher, Michael W. Jebavy, Ronald .J. Mangold, Sylvan J. . Jr. Back, Eric L. Coates, Richard R. Gard, William B. Jenkins, Richard J., Mangrum, Harry J. Parris, Thomas G. Bader, Robert K. Cockill, Michael J. Gardner, William D. Jr. Jr. Perry, Karl F. Bagozzi, Donald F. Cohen,. Michael I. Garoutte, Max W. Jensen, Blaine P. Mann, Douglas J. Perry, Stuart E. Bajema, John W. Coleman, Ronald R. Garrison, Darrold D. Jew, Soot M. Marquet, Louis C. Peters, Richard K. Baker, Kenneth M. Combs, John·N. Gauer, Ralph C. John, Lewis G. Marron!, Louis J. Peterse:q, Donald R. Baker, Robert W. Conant, Roger V. Genovese, Peter E., Jr.Johnson, David W. Martin, Henry M. Peterson, Donald M. Balda, Edward J., Jr. Conrad, Charles 0. G. Gees, William D., Jr. Johnson, Donald L. Martin, Joseph E. Phillips, William K. Balish, Warren N. Cook, James W . Giacobbe, Anthony I. Johnson, Floyd C. Marz, Albert F., Jr. Piascik, Leon P., Jr. Barber, Alan D. Cooper, William H ., III Gibson, Neil F., Jr. Johnson, Gary E. Mason, Benjamin F.,Plagem_an, Robert C. Barham, Thomas J. Corbitt, Bradley G. Gilbert, John C. Johnson, Jeremy R. Jr. Pollack, John M., Jr. Bark, Paul L. Corcoran, Gordon G. Gilbert, William N. Jones, John B. Mason, Charles C., Jr. Pollard, Gordon K. Beck, Buddy G. Corkery, Paul J., Jr. Gilkey, Duane C. Jones, William S. Mason, William H. Posey,, Frank D. Beckett, Thomas A. Cornett, John o. Girdwood, William J. Kageleiry, Harry z. Matthews, John B., Jr.Posz, John R., Jr. Bednarz, Joseph C.,Jr.Cortez, Henry V. Goodfellow, Arthur I. Kaine, George R. McCourt, Paul J. L. Potter, Allen M. Berger, Bruce T. cotton, Fred A. Goodfellow, Richard Kaiser, Gary L. McCray, William H. Powell, Arvis L. Bertrand, Frederic H. craig, Joe F. K. Kaiser, Samuel E. McDermott, ThomasPrahm, Byron F. Bettencourt, John P. cramer, Rockwell c. Goodman, John U. Kaminski, Francis · c. Presnell, Darrell D. Jr. Creviston, Mark S ., Jr. Gouger, Thomas R. Kane, John W., Jr. McDevitt, Donald T. Price ~ Herman L. Beyer, Harry C. Criddle, Richard S. Grabowski, Norbert D. Kane, Paul N. McDonald, Larry P. Priestley, Neal M. Blair, Fred F. Crimmins, DavidS. Gracey, Lloyd F., Jr. Kanning, James R. McEwen, Gary N. Puntil, Ronald M. Blake, Robert E. Cruz, Felix A. D. Grande, Alfred F., Jr. Karlawish, John W. McFadden, Patrick J. Pu.tnam, Sidney F. Blakey, Joe B. Cunningham, Joe N. Grassmyer, Richard L. Kasmark, . James W., McGaw, Charles D. Quackenbush,KeithD. Blandy, Robert P. Curtin, Thomas R. Greene, Butler B. Jr. McHugh, Thomas E. Ra~nes, Richard c. Blazes, Peter J. Cyr s Gerald D Block, Thomas R. u • · Grenier, Donald H. Katterle, Zeno :a., Jr. Mcilhenny, John c. Ramey, Harold M. Bluhm, Delwyn D. gan.ielso•. Charles 0. Griffin, Clarence M. Kauffman, Rob_ert R. Mcintosh, Larry P. Rash, Stephen E. Boginis James W avld, Ronald C. Griffith, Allen L. Kaufman, Patrick S. Mcintyre, Robert T. Raupp, Edward R. Borelli,,Raymond ·F. Dav~es, Ed~ard K. Gr~ffith, Warren E., II Kaufmann, Reynold McKinsey, Gerald L. Rawlings, Charles S. Bouchard, Maurice Davis, David H., II Gnggs, Donald B. w. McLoughlin, Edward Redhair, Jack I. Bowles, Robert E. Davis, James L. Groner, Robert R. Kearney, Robert F. J. Regel, Thomas J. Boyd, Robert C. Davis, Sidney I. Groobey, John A. Keenan, Francis R., Meder, Gene L. Rehmert, Colby D. Boyer, Kenneth s. Davis, Warren B. Groves, James ~· Jr. Meier, Richard N. Reich, Charles J., Jr. Bradley, Holley D. DeChristopher, Ed- Gruhl, Werner M. Keighler Howard V Melgard, Richard A. Reyburn, Dwight S. Brady, Michael E. ward P., II Guild, William E. III ' ., Melton, William T. Reynolds, Robert W. Breuch, William A. Dedyo, Harry P. Gunlicks, Arthur B. Kennedy, Stanley W. Merritt, Richard H., Rhodd, Earl R. Brewster, Nathan H. Della Russo, J<:>seph W. Gwathmey, Lomax, Jr. Kennett, Ronald D. Jr. Rice, Charlie W. Bridgwater, Tom w., DelRosso, Lou1s J. Habgood, Robert P., Kearns, Earl M. Messick, Thomas R. Rich, John D. Jr. ' DelToro, Wilfred J. III Kidwell, Walter E. Messineo, Joseph F. Riley, Paul R., Jr. Brinton, Howard T. DeLump~. Felix M. Haddad, Charl~s A. Kiely, James L., Jr. Miller, Raymond A., Rill, Joseph H., Jr. Broadhurst_, Donald G. DeMetrovich, Freqeric Haenni, Antomo L. Kilburg, Ronald A. Jr. Rivera, Frank T. Brown, Bruce H. F. Hagerup, Eric Kingsbury, L. C. Miller, Richard L. Roberson, Richard W. · Brown, Charles L., Jr. DeMott, William J. Hagler, Jon L. James Miller, Robert L. Roberto, Robert A. Brown, Larry H. Demyaheko, Serge Hain, Earl L. Kinzel, Arthur J, Mills, Richard L. Roberts, Milton R. Brown, NoelL. P. C. Hallada, Raphael J. Kirshman, Ronald L. Milton, George w. Robertson, John B. Brown, Spencer L. DeNio, J~an H. Hallauer, Donald W., Kiser, James E. Min, Kellet I. Robertson, William L., Brown, Stuart o. Dew, Donald L. Jr. Kissel, Ronald J. Miraglia, Joseph s. Jr. Brown, Theodore s. Dillon, Robert K ., Jr. Halse, David L. Kitchens, Graydon K., Misicka, Charles D. Robinson, Richard A., Brownlee, William A., Dixon, Dana R. Hamilton, Welton E. Jr Monaghan, Edward A. Jr. Jr. Doggett, George B. Hanrahan, David G. Klei~smith, Edgar E. Monk, Clifton A., Jr. Rocco, William S. Bruschette, Jerome A. Dombrosky, Francis B. Hansen, Thomas L. Klose Karl R Manville, John J. Roche, Oavid Buccigross, Henry L. Donahue, Andrew J. Hardman, Richard W. Know'len, Ch~rles B. Moore, Allen H. Romeo, Leo V. Buck, Donald A. Doubrava, Roy G. Harman, Walter D. Koessler, Ronald G. Moreland, Joseph A., Rose, RobertS. Buckbee, Edward o. Douglas, Henry A. · Harrington, David B. Kolb; Jerry W. Jr. Rosenquist, David W. Bunger, Reid H. Drennon, Clarence B., Harvey, Michael V. Kopser Frederi k J Morris, Lew R. Ross, Jimmy D. Burdin, J. D. III Haugland, Maurice M. Jr • c ·• Mosby, Robert L. Ross, Joseph L. Burke, Robert T. Duker, Robert P. . Hauser, Myron G. Kue~zli, David P. Mosher, Dale s. Rossi, Edward A. Burkhart, Robert E. Dunlap, Donald D. Havens, Arthur E. Laabs R b t G Moulton, Elliott J. Rossmann, Jack E. Hayden, James F. ' 0 er. · Moulton, Vernon L. Rowlands, David J. Burnham, James R. Dygert, Geo~ge H. Hayden, Leland E. LaFayette, R1ch~rd J. Burns, Robert L. - Easley, Phillp M., Jr. Mulvey, Richard F. Rushworth, James L. Hayes, Albert J., Jr. Lagasse, ;Louis R. Murphy, James D. Rutledge, Leslie E., Jr. Burns, Walter L. Eckert, Ralph E. Heard, Reuben L. Lamont, John R. Butler, ·Matthew D. Edgar, Charles E., III Myers, Charles M. Saling, Neil E., Jr. Rein, William F. Landes, Ray A. Nail, Frank M. Sanders, Pau_l B. Byers, David L. Eiber, Robert A. Heinly, Warren C. Lang, Joseph A; Bynum, James A. Elliott, Ch~rles R . Nakasato, George I. Sanner, Herman R. Hence, Guy R. Laubscher, Alan L. Nelson, George R; Sargent, Terrence D. Cain, Gene R. Emacio, William J; Henry, Malcolm P. Leary, Donald_B. Caldwell, James A. Emblen, Roger G. ·Nelson, Louis Sato, Raymond K. Hernandez, Jose A. LeBlanc, James D. Nelson, Raymond w. Savage, Leslie H. Camarata, Jeremiah F. Endow, William Y. Hickey, William O., Jr. LeBlanc, Otho R. Cannon, Roberts. Ennis, Harry F. Nelson, Richard E. Savage, William F. Hill, David R. Ledbetter, Homer P. Nerhood, Philip I. Scatterday, Phillip B. Carlson, Leslle N., Jr. Essex, Peter E . Hill, Harvard H., Jr. Lee, Lothrop, Jr. Carpenter, Maxey-B., Evans, Albert B., Jr. Newbanks, Ronal R. Schafer, Lawrence H. Jr. Evans, Jacky R. Hill, Robert P. Lee, Phillip A. Nicholson, Stanley A. Schelm, Roger L. Hilton, Kenneth R. Leech, Edward T. Carr, Glenn P. Fair, Harry D., Jr. Niehaus, John c. Scherman, Francis J. Hock, Neils. · Lewis, Cha:lie R., Jr. North, William L. Schravesande, Joseph Carroll, Philip J., Jr. Fairall, Richard L. Hoffman, James E. Licht, William R. Carter, James G. Farnsworth, Fred L. Nydam, David A. W. Hofstetter, James F. L~gon, Jerry W. Oberholzer, John c. Schroeder, Robert C. Carter, Joseph c. Fink, Jonnie M; Hogg, Thomas c. Lmdsey, Richard C. Carter, Randall ·o. Fish, Charles G. Obregon, Conrad J. Schueller, PaulS. Holck, Roy A. v. Lin;tt. Martin A. . · O'Brien, Morgan J. Schumacher, Robert H. Cash, James M. Fisher, Alfred C. Hood, Maurice J . George D., Cash, John A. Fisher, Don R. Li~mgston, Offield, Nathan A. Schwarzbauer, Joseph Cash, Paul F. Fitzsimmons, John J., Hoopes, Frank M., Jr. L r. Olson, Stanley R. W. Horlbeck, Albert w. ockwood, William L. O'Rourke, Charles J., Seaman, 'Andrew M. Cataldo, Alfred A. Jr. Hort, John H. Logan, Lansing P. Cavin, Thomas B. Flesher, Franklin A. Jr. Seidel, Donald B. Howley, Dennis c. London, McCoy-- N. O'Rourke, Thomas A., Seidl, George F., Jr. Chambers, Floyd B., Flowers, Robert G., Jr. Hoyem, Sylvan D. Long, Raymond, Jr. Jr. Sellers, Roger L. Jr. Forburger, Thomas v. Huber, David c. Longabach, Gordon A. Ostrand, Phillip A. Senn, Robert W. ' Chamness, Jimmy M. Foster, John R. Hulcher, George R. Lufkin, Linwood E. Oxford, Clyde E. Senneff, James c. Ch~.e, Alfred C. K. Fay, William. H. Hunnicutt, Ro_y D. Luksik, Franklin D •. Owen, Benjamin P. Shaw, Robert v_. 6316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April'14 Shelby. Donald 114. 'Todd, Robert W. PRAYER "That the Senate had passed without Shell, James H. Tompras, James C. amendment House Concurrent Resolution Shepard. George T. Trapani, Robert J. The· Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, 305 entitled 'Concurrent resolution providing Shober, Lynn N. Tredwell, John D. D., offered the following prayer: for printing additional copies of general rev Short, Edward A. Tripp. Frederick G. Hosea 14: 9: The ways of the Lord are enue hearings•." Shuck, Franko. Tucker, Everette L., Jr. right, and the just shall walk in them. Respectfully yours, Sibbald, John R. Uhlrich, Theodore W .. · RALPH R. ROBERTS, S'iemering, Edward W. Jr. 0 Thou blessed and eternal God, grant CZerk, United States House of Silvey, Bruce D. Underwood, Frank A.. that the Members of this legislative body Representatives. Simms, John E. Upchurch, Thomas J.., may now return to the arduous duties Simpson, James R. Jr. and .responsibilities of their high voca Singer, Lawrence A. VanPutten, Peter tion with minds and hearts refreshed BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION Sisler, Delmar R. Villa, Rosendo J. and illumined by Thy divine spirit. ENROLL:E:p Skirka, George W. Vincent, Wendell C. May they daily walk in the way of Slezak, Donald J. Vinson, Paul H. Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee Thy wise and holy commandments and SUman, Thomas J. Vose, David A. on House Administration, reported that be inspired to believe and feel and know Smith, David C. Waddell, Marion F. that committee had on April 3, 1958, Smith, Fred Wagner, Edward H. that Thou art always seeking to be their examined and found truly enrolled bills Smith, Gerald E. Wagstaff, Robert K. counselor and companion as they :find Smith, Harold R. Wainscott, W. S. and a joint resolution of the House of themselves challenged by many difficult the following titles: Smith, Ph111p P. Walker, Donald G. national and international problems. Smith, Richard N. Wallace, Richard C. Keep us in the ways of honor and H. R. 776. An act to permit temporary free Smith, Roland M. Walter, John L. importation of automobiles and parts o! Smith, Samuel J. Walters, Charles C. humility. Gird us with faith and fidel automobiles when intended solely for show Smith, Stephen L. Walton, Ronald A. ity. Enable us to carry on with confi purposes; Smothers, William S. Wands, Robert E. dence and courage. Give us patience H. R. 5005. An act to suspend for 2 years Snipes, Stanley E. Warner, Bobby L. and perseverance as we earnestly labor the- duty on crude chicory and to amend Snyder, Walter H. Warren, Rufford for the dawning of the day of universal the Tariff Act of 1930 as it relates to Solomon, William V. Weaver, Raymond M. peace. chicory; Solvin, Howard Webb, Daniel J. H. R. 8794. An act to provide exemptions Sowell, Lewis, C., Jr. Webber, Paul B. Hear us in the name of the Prince of from the tax imposed on admissions for ad Sparrell, John P. Weinstein, Fred Peace. Amen. mission to certain musical and dramatic per Spearman, Bernard P. Weiss, Edward F., Jr. The Journal of the proceedings of formances and certain athletic events; Speer, Richard L. Weiss, George R. Thursday, April 3, 1958, was read and H. R. 9821. An act to amend and supple Springs, Darryl M. Weisto, John A. ment the Federal-Aid Road Act approved Spurrier, Robert E. Welch, Paul R. approved. July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and Statler, James B. Wharton, Terrance D. supplemented, and the act approved June 29, Steele, Merrill F., Jr. White, Robert H. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE 1956 (70 Stat. 374), to authorize appropria Stenzel, George 0., Jr. Whitehead, Dorsey M. tions for continuing the construction of Stephenson, Jackie D. Whorton, Ronald E. A message from the .senate, by Mr. highways, and for other purposes; and Stevens, David R. Wiese, Robert D. McGown, one of its clerks, announced H. J. Res. 347. Joint resolution authorizing Stevens, Lynn H. Wilkey, Donald A. that the Senate had passed bills of the the President to invite the several States and Steves, ·Albert, IV Williams, Billy D. following titles, in which the concurrence foreign countries to take part in the fourth Stilwell, James E. Williams, Thomas H. of the House is requested: International Automation Congress and Ex Stites, Charles B. Wilson, Gifford D. position to be held in the New York Coliseum Stoddard, David T. Wilting, John T. S. 1748. An act to add certain lands lo at New York, N.Y., from June 9, to June 13, Stoltenberg, Roger W. Winder, Richard C., Jr. cated in Idaho and Wyoming to the Caribou 1958. Strong, Edwin T., Jr. Wishy, George B. : and Targhee National Forests; and s. 2318. An act to provide for the convey Sturm, John A. Wist, Fred C. ance of certain land of the United States to ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESO- Sukalski, Mitchel V. Wolford, John R. the city of Salem, Oreg. LUTIONS SIGNED BY THE Surface, Vaughn E. Wollerton, Charles V. Surovik, Bobby J. Wood, Merrill F. SPEAKER Svenson, Alfred Wood, Robert D. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Swan, Sinclair 0. Woods, Rex J. COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK chair desires to announce that, pursuant Talley, Earl H. Wootten. Lawrence E. OF THE HOUSE to the authority granted him on Thurs Tebo, Robert J. Wylder, Robert J. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before day, April 3, 1958, the Speaker did on Templin, Timothy T. Yambor, Joseph P., Jr. the House the following communication, that day sign the following enrolled bills Tennis, Gayland L. Yasunaga, Charles M., which was read: and joint resolution of the House and en Thomas, Bruce A. Jr. rolled bill of the Senate: Thomas, John F. Yaun, William W., Jr. APRIL 3, 1958. Thompson, Richard J. YazzoUno, Peter V. The Honorable the SPEAKER, H. R. 776. An act to permit temporary free Thorson, Blaine E. Zacaroli, Thomas A. House of Representatives. importation of automobiles and parts of SIR: Pursuant to authority granted on automobiles when intended solely for show Tippin, Garold L. Zottola, Ernest D. April 3, 1958, the Clerk today received from purposes; Toal, Alonzo R. the Secretary of the Senate, the following H. R. 5005. An act to susp~nd for 2 years messages: the duty on crude chicory and to amend the •• ..... II "That the Senate agree to the report of tlie Tarur Act of 1930 as it relates to chicory; committee of conference on the disagreeing H. R. 8794. An act to provide exemptions HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES votes of the two Houses on the amendments from the tax imposed on aqmissions for ad of the Senate to the b111 (H. R. 9821) en mission to certain musical and dramatic per titled 'An act to amend and supplement the · · MoNDAY, APRIL formances and certain athletic events; 14, 1958 Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, H. R. 9821. An act to amend and supple to authorize appropriations for continuing ment the Federal-Aid Road Act approved The House met at 12 o:clock noon. the construction of highways'; and July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and "That the Senate agree to the amendment supplemented, and the act approved June of the House of Representatives to the bill 29, 1956 (70 Stat. 374), to authorize appro DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO (S. 1386) entitled 'An act to authorize the priations for continuing the construction of Interstate Commerce Commission to pre highways, and for other purposes; TEMPORE scribe rules, standards, and instructions for H. J. Res. 347. Joint resolution authorizing The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before the House the fol and ·repair of power or train brakes': and and foreign countries to take part in the lowing communication, which was read: "That the Senate agree to the amendments fourth International Automation Congress of the House of Representatives to the bill and Exposition to be held in the New York APRIL 14, 1958. (S. 1740) entiled 'An act to authorize the Coliseum at New York, N. Y., from June 9 r hereby designate the Honorable JOHN w. payment from the Employees' Life Insurance -to June 13, 1958; and McCoRMACK to act as Speaker pro tempore Fund of expenses incurred by the Civil Ser s. 1740. An act to authorize the payment today. Vice Commission in assuming and maintain fz:om the Employees' Life Insurance Fund of SAMRA YBURN, ing the assets and liabilities of certain bene expenses incurred by the Civil Service Com Speaker of the House of Representatives. ficial associations'; and mission in making certain beneficial associa- 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 6317: tion assumption agreements and to ex.tend honored to represent during the fateful gress during ·his period of service in this th.~ time !or making Sl,!Ch agreements. 72d Congress. body. And on Friday, April 4, 1958, sign an Although he served only one term .his Mr. Speaker, I join my friend from enrolled bill of the Senate as follows: compelling personality, his fighting Connecticut in extending to Mrs; Tier S. 1386. An act to authorize the Interstate spirit, his ready wit, and his wise judg ney and her loved ones my deep sym Commerce Commission to prescribe rules, ment earned him lasting respect, admira pathy in her great loss and ·sorrow. standards, and instructions !or the installa tion, and friendship which never di Mr. MORANO. I thank the distin tion, inspection, maintenance, and repair of minished with the passage of time. guished gentleman. power or train brakes. Although he failed to win reelection in 1932, and he went on to other pursuits the practice of law, State counsel for COMMUNIST-INSPIRED CUBAN NASSAU COUNTY GREATEST ARGU Home Owners Loan Corporation, and an · REVOLT MENT AGAINST COMMUNISM interest in the banking business, to me, Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask and to many others in Greenwich, Conn., unanimous consent to address the House unanimous consent to address the House he was always "Congressman Tierney." for 1 minl.lte, to revise and extend my for 1 minute and to revise and extend On August 6, 1958, he would have been remarks, and to include an editorial. my remarks. 82 years old. His tough, fighting heart The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to which saw him through myriad battles the request of the gentleman from South the request of the gentleman from New and through many serious medical crises, Carolina? York? finally gave way. There was no objection. There was no objection. His passing is a loss not only to me Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, it is Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, I am personally, not only to the son who bears tragic that, beause of the indecision of so very proud of one of my constituents, his name and his outstanding character this administration and the State De Mrs. John W. Lake, of Garden City, N.Y., istics, but to the hundreds of thousands partment in particular, aid has been that I want to read here, in Congress, a of friends he made in church, charity, denied to Batista in his fight against the letter received from her. and civic circles in which he was so ac Communist-inspired revolt of one Fidel The strength of our Nation stems from tive. Castro. This administration, and the Americans like Mrs. Lake and she has Congressman Tierney was born in Nor State Department in particular, have expressed her thoughts with such heart walk, in Fairfield County, on August 6, gone back on a solemn promise that warming eloquence that I want to share 1876. He attended public schools and they made to give aid to that govern her letter with everyone assembled here. was graduated from Fordham University, ment of Batista which is in being, which She writes: New York, in 1898, and from New York has been elected and which is a duly recognized government of the people of DEAR MR. DEP.OUNIAN: Premier Khrushchev's Law School in 1900. He was admitted to gloating remarks as reported in today's New the bar in 1900 and commenced prac Cuba. ' york Times have distressed me to the extent tice in New York. He moved to Denver, It has done so because of that left that I should like to take your time to tell Colo., in 1905, and then to Greenwich, wing New York Times and the left you my thoughts. Conn., in 1912. He became judge of the wing Time magazine and the others who My husband and I· have often said that a Greenwich court in 1912 and · served are part and parcel of the Communist ride through Nassau County would be the until1914. line in this country. greatest argument against communism. I Now, we and many of our friends are feeling The last time I saw him, and I believe Mr. Speaker, say to you th.at in the effects ·of the so-called recession. We it was his last public appearance in decision is costing us friends in Central don't have much money, but our freedoms our town, was, fittingly, at a St. Patrick's America and South America and it is are very sweet and consoling. We Capitalists Day corned-beef-and-cabbage· dinner causing us to lose Indonesia now where still like our form of government and no sky" sponsored by the Elks Club. Congress they have 400 Russian~ jeeps and 15 with pie can blind us. man Tierney was one of the honored merchantmen and God knows how I don't know your opinions about inviting· many Russian advisers in Sukarno's Nikita to the United States, but should he guests and received eulogies and testi come-please don't invite him to poor de monials from a cross section of the cit outfit. All of that is causing us to lose pressed Long Island. He would probably ·file izenry which well delineated the affection many friends at this time. !or· citizenship and run for Congress in the and esteem he enjoyed. We are in trouble in the Mideast. I next election. A depression in Long Island . Congressman Tierney's tough exterior do not know what is going to happen . is much more comfortable than prosperity hid a heart of gold. Mortals are put on Today I have introduced a ship loan bill in the Kremlin. earth and in their limited stay are so that we- may give our allies some Our newspapers have so many articles privileged to reap rewards unto them help in the way of ships. I hope when ~bout our troubles. We are busy with our this bill becomes law that something will work and children. And most of us are selves, or to do for others. William working so hard for the future that we don't Tierney's greatness was due to his strong be done forthrightly, immediately, in have the time to tell influential people of urge and capacity to fight and work for keeping with the intent of Congress. the good things we have. the benefit of others. We cannot afford to lose friends by too I hear hard-luck stories, but I do not see I mourn his passing and I extend my little and too late, and indecision. discontent with capitalism or our form of deep and heart-felt sympathy to his Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend government. No Communist cells around widow and his family. my remarks, I shall insert an editorial here. Your people that I talk to know that from one of America's great newspaper, it is up to them (and us) to make our way. Mr, McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will The icy crocodile tears ·from "Mr. Red," the gentleman yield? the Charleston News and Courier, under will speed us up, if anything does. Mr. MORANO. I yield to the distin- date of April 12, 1958, exposing .the part Sincerely, guished majority leader. · . of the New York Times in this fiasco: DOLORES A. LAKE. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I NEW YORK TIMES CONTINUING To PROMOTE am very sorry to learn from the remarks FIDEL CASTRO REBELLION IN CUBA of my friend from ·connecticut of the Though the New York Times advertises THE LATE HONORABLE WILLIAM L. that it publishes "All the news that's fit to death of my late friend and former col print,'' it has been reluctant to print accurate TIERNEY league, Bill Tierney. He and I were very news of the rebellion in Cuba. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. The close personal friends. He rendered In its coverage of the activities of Fidel Chair recognizes the gentleman fro.I:D: outstanding service as a Member of this Castro, the Times frequently has conveyed its Connecticut [Mr. MoRANo]. body. OI>inion that the Batista government would Mr. MORANO . . Mr. Speaker, it is with Those of us who served with Bill Tier be overthrown as soon as the rebel army showed itself in force outside the mountains sad heart that I report the passing on ney, and his legion of friends who knew of Oriente Pro~ince. hi~. were always impressed by his stur Sunday of Congressman William L. This week the rebels showed themselves Tierney, of Greenwich, Conn., a cou dy character and the sincerity of his in Havana. They tried to promote a full rageous, fighting Democratic Represen- purposes. Bill Tierney was one of the scale rebellion. It fizzled. The Times, un tative who served the district I am now really constructive Members of Con- like every other United States newspaper we 6318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 14

have consulted~ refuses to admit it has colleagues have joined in the appeal for veals an average of 7.4 percent of the fizZled. positive action in alleviating the distress civilian labor force out of work or an In its page 1 treatment of the story Thurs of unemployment in labor-surplus areas. increase in the last 12 months of about day, the Times said: "Cuba rebels call general strike; 'many• are dead." The implication Mr. Speaker, at the present time there 2.7 percent in our unemployment figures. to us was that the strike call was proving a· are over 40 bills pending in the Senate While it is true that the present un success. The Times devoted a column and a. and House designed to provide Federal unemployment is higher than at any half to a story which gave a picture of wide aid to labor-surplus areas. Hearings other time since 1941, the closest ap spread fighting and sabotage. Though a have been held in and out of Washington proach was in 1949-50 with 4.8 million careful reader,- looking between the lines of with the result that several hundred wit unemployed in February 1950. The Ko the Times story, might suspect that all was nesses account for over 3,000 pages of rean war in 1950 turned the tide of un not going well with the rebels, the Times printed testimony confirming the need employment and ended the 1949-50 re was careful not to say so. Every report of activity that seemed fa-. for immediate action. cession in the same manner that the vorable to the rebels was presented to Times Mr. Speaker, I am trying to emphasize 1938 depression ended with the advent of readers as a fiat statement of fact. Any that committees of this Congress have a World War II. In February 1939 after 7 thing unfavorable to the rebels was placed wealth of information on distressed years of "pump priming," a total of 10.5 within quotation marks. Newspaper readers areas, yet no action has been taken. million were unemployed, or 19.5 percent are fammar with the use of quotation marks Many of us who represent distressed of the civilian labor force. as an occasional journalistic device to convey areas have pleaded without success for A recent survey of the unemployment doubt. Perhaps the Times' readers will won der why Times correspondents never doubt over a year for action on these bills, situation reveals that it tends to be con reports that the rebels are losing. which have been pigeonholed in commit centrated heavily in relatively few States Readers of the New York Herald Tribune tees of this Congress. and in a few industries such as the rail of the same date seemed to get a better Mr. Speaker, President Eisenhower road. coal, steel, automobile, and allied break from their editors. Though the Trib has asked this Congress for distressed industries. However, in many other in has been a mild Castro fan, it has been re area legislation and stands ready to dustries, the furloughing of employees porting the news even when it is unwelcome has been relatively light. to its editorial writers. The headline used sign into law a reasonable bill. by the Herald Tribune in the edition that On March 11, 1958, when he appeared In short, the survey reveals that not arrived 1n Charleston together with the before the AFL-CIO economic confer all industries are affected by unemploy Times said: "Uprising In Havana Put Down." ence in Washington, D. c., Secretary of ment and that actually in some fields The Baltimore Evening Sun, after an Labor James P. Mitchell had this to say people are being hired. nouncing in its headline that "Rebels, regarding distressed area legislation: Keeping in mind that we have had Troops Clash in Cuba," used the Associated for several years 149 chronic labor-sur Press story which appeared in most United Congress has had before it for 2 years now an area development bill designed to help plus areas and that these so-called States papers. The story labeled the upris pockets of unemployment prevailed dur ing "abortive" and a ":flop." communities with high and persistent un The New York Times is a newspaper that employment. Maybe this bill does not meet ing alltime high employment of well usually prefers its own correspondents' re with everyone's approval. Maybe it could over 60 million people, it is logical to ports to those of national news services such be improved. The fact is Congress has done conclude that Federal aid to these chron as the Associated Press. Maybe the corre nothing about it. ically distressed areas is the key to pro spondents are holding out on the Times. One At the same conference, AFL-CIO viding a solution to the current unem star reporter, Homer Bigart, is under orders, President George Meany, the Nation's ployment problem resulting from 5.2 we understand, to get out of Cuba because million jobless persons. he entered rebel territory 111egally. Though outstanding and most highly respected we have examined the Times carefully for a labor leader, after scolding the Eisen The communities and States have report of Mr. Bigart's troubles, we cannot hower administration for what he helped, but to do an effective and a com find one. Perhaps Mr. Bigart hasn't told his termed "shortsightedness" relative to plete job Federal aid is needed without bosses what happened to him. today's economic crisis had this to say further delay. Correspondents' failures, however, cannot about the laxity of Congress to deal with The residents of the 149 distressed account for all of the Times' apparent un the unemployment situation: areas certified by the United States De willingness to let its readers in on what is partment of Labor as labor-surplus areas really happening in Cuba. Perhaps the The people on Capitol Hlll must share the Times should change its motto to read "All blame too. There is no excuse for the delay have done a magnificent job themselves the news that's fit to print-provided it fits in the Congress. in trying to accomplish their own eco our editorial line." nomic salvation. Practically every com Remember Little Rock. Continuing he said in referring to la munity has an alert and highly· energetic bor-surplus areas: area development committee or organi How about improving the lot of the chron zation eager to aid in every possible ically distressed cities-and remember that THIS CONGRESS HAS DONE NOTH figure is growing every day that this reces manner to attract new industry to the ING TO ALLEVIATE UNEMPLOY sion lasts. area. It is with the thought of diversi MENT IN THE NATION'S 149 DIS fying the industrial life of the com Mr. Speaker, the 85th Congress has munity that the best means is found for TRESSED AREAS been indicted from all quarters for its cushioning the devastating effects of Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask utter neglect of labor-surplus areas mass employment. unanimous consent to address the House where uaemployment has been chronic As a result these area development for 1 minute and to revise and extend for many years and has been the nu committees have raised funds locally to my remarks. cleus for the increased unemployment the extent that they have scraped the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to we have today. bottom of the barrel. They have had the request of the gentleman from Penn It has been authoritatively stated that splendid cooperation from area banks sylvania? if the unemployment in the chronically in :financing the drive to rehabilitate the There was no objection. distressed areas could be alleviated, our economy of their respective areas. But Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, unemployment problem would be re banking institutions, too, are hemmed amidst all the furor over unemployment duced by 50 percent. in by State and national banking laws, in the United States, the absence by this This is borne out by the fact that thus limiting the extent of their assist 85th Congress in taking action on dis approximately 62.5 million personS are ance, regardless of how laudable the ob tressed area legislation stands. out as employed and 5.2 million idle. jective may be. gross neglect of the welfare of thousands By comparison, during the month of The various States have also extended upon thousands of the American people February 1957, over 63 million Ameri a helping hand, but in the end the job who reside in some 149 labor-surplus cans enjoyed full-time employment with is of such vast proportions that only areas. approximately 3 million out of work. Federal aid to these chronic labor sur Since 1955 when I introduced the first With a civilian labor force of 68 million, plus areas will insure success of the de distressed-area legislation in Congress, I this means that in good times we had termined drive to rehabilitate the econ have constantly called attention to the about 4. 7 percent of the civilian labor omy, thus relieving the plight of the plight of the unemployed in these dis force unemployed. unemployed. tressed areas and pleaded for Congres During March 1958 with 5.2 mlllion Mr. Speaker, in a sincere effort to end si'mal action. Since 1955 many of my unemployed, the ~resent recession re- the fruitless discussion and the resultant 1958 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - -HOUSE 6319 confusion that surrounds distressed area His reputation rapidly spread beyond proved June 29, 1938, as amended (52 Stat. legislation, I call attention to my bill, the confines of Massachusetts, and be 1246; 5 U. S. C. 86a), is amended to read as came nationwide. He enjoyed the confi follows: "That hereafter whenever regular H. R. 6975, which is a compromise be employees of the Federal Government or the tween the administration bill and the dence and respect of governors and pub municipal government of the District of Co Douglas-Spence bill. lic officials of other States, whether lumbia whose compensation is fixed at a rate The Van Zandt bill, H. R. 6975, is Democratic or Republican. In -the per day, per hour, or on a piece-work basis heralded by many as a realistic approach homes of the Nation his name became are relieved or prevented from working solely in providing a solution to the deadlock well known as a great Governor. because of the occurrence of a holiday such as that exists in the enactment of a pro Paul Dever was possessed of unusual New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, gram to provide Federal aid for chron qualifications so necessary for greatness Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, or any ically distressed and labor surplus areas. in public life. other day declared to be a holiday by Fed H. R. 6975 retains many of the features With his love for the average person, eral statute, Executive order, or, with respect of the administration bill and the of the sick, the afflicted, and the under- to employees of the municipal government of Douglas-Spence bill. It is regarded as -privileged, he gave to Massachusetts and the District of Columbia, by order of the a sane and sensible compromise and her people both humane and business Board of Commissioners of the District of should serve as a reasonable and real like administrations. Even his political Columbia, or on any day on which the de istic basis for- perfecting a legislative adversaries admired and respected him partments and establishments of the Gov for his humanitarian policies and at the ernment are closed by Executive order, or, measure acceptable to all shades of with respect to the employees of the munici opinion. same time for his business-like efficiency. pal government of the District of Columbia, It is my belief that my bill, H. R. 6975, His untimely death foreclosed greater on any day on which the departments or constitutes a genuine compromise be service for our people on a national and establishments of such government are tween the administration bill, S. 1433, international level. There is no question closed by order of the Board of Commis and the Douglas bill, S. 964. in my mind that if a Democratic victory sioners of the District of Columbia, or, on Mr. Speaker, I have repeatedly stated takes place in 1960, of which I am con any day on which such employees are relieved that I have no pride of authorship re fident, and if Paul Dever were alive at or prevented from working by administrative that time, that he would have received a order issued under such regulations as many garding distressed area legislation. The be promulgated by the President, or, with time has arrived for the 85th Congress to summons from the next President for respect to the employees of the municipal stop quibbling over details and to unite service in his Cabinet. government of the District of Columbia, on in providing Federal aid for chronically In the death of former Governor any day on which such employees are relieved distressed areas. Dever, our Nation has lost one of its or prevented from working by administra greatest citizens, and Massachusetts one tive order issued under such regulations as At this moment nearly 15 percent of may be promulgated by the Board of Com the civilian labor force in my Congres of its outstanding sons. Like myself, I know that the legion of missioners of the- District of Columbia, they sional District in central Pennsylvania is shall receive the same pay for such days as unemployed. I know that many of my friends of former Governor Dever are for days on which an ordinary day's work is colleagues have a higher rate of unem grieved by his death. To his sister, Miss performed." ploymentin their Congressional Districts. Marie Dever, with whom the late Gov SEc. 3. The Board of Commissioners of the Therefore, I plead in behalf of the un ernor lived, and to her loved ones, Mrs. District of Columbia, for purposes of the ad employed in labor surplus areas that this McCormack and I extend our deep sym ministration of holidays for employees of pathy in their great loss and sorrow. the municipal government of the District of 85th Congress assume its responsibility Columbia, shall have the same authority to by immediately approving legislation prescribe regulations as that possessed by that will alleviate the misery of chronic the President for purposes of the administra unemployment throughout the NaUon. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BUSINESS tion of holidays for employees of the Federal The SPEAKER pro tempore. This is Government. District of Columbia day. The Chair SEc. 4. (a) The :first sentence of the first THE LATE HON. PAULA. DEVER recognizes the gentleman from South section of the act entitled "An act to provide Carolina [Mr. McMILLAN]. for granting to officers and members of the The SPEAKER pro tempore White House and United States Park Police DESIGNATION OF HOLIDAYS FOR forces additional compensation for working CoRMACK]. EMPLOYEES OF DISTRICT OF on holidays," approved October 24, 1951, as Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the COLUMBIA amended (65 Stat. 607; D. C. Code, sec. 4- death a few days ago of the Honorable 807), is amended by striking out "six or more J;>aul A. Dever, former Governor of the Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, by di hours on any holiday, shall be entitled to re Commonwealth of Massachusetts, takes rection of the Committee on the District ceive as compensation for such holiday work, from our midst a great American and a of Columbia, I call up the bill

/ 6322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April11J Mr. HYDE. If he lives in the District RELATING TO CHILDREN BORN a place so distant from the District that of Columbia he goes there tuition free. OUT OF WEDLOCK transportation costs and time lost from Mr. GROSS. I can tell the gentle Mr. McMilLAN. Mr. Speaker, I call his job would discourage him from ful man of one employee who I talked to up the bill S. 1708 -to amend the act en filling the present requirement of the this morning who pays property taxes titled "An act relating to children born law. in the District of Columbia, yet he is out of wedlock," approved January 11, This bill also amends the act of Janu charged tuition for his children. 1951, and ask unanimous consent that ary 11, 1951, to conform to Reorganiza Mr. HYDE. Does he live in the Dis the same may be considered in the House tion Plan No. 5 of 1952, by substituting trict of Columbia? as in the Committee of the Whole. "the Commissioners of the District of Mr. GROSS. He does not live in the The Clerk read the title of the bill. Columbia or their designated agent" for District of Columbia but he pays taxes in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there "Health Officer of the District of Co the District of Columbia. objection to the request of the gentle lumbia." Mr. HYDE. That is a different propo man from South Carolina? This legislation has the approval of the sition. Commissioners of the District of Colum There was no objection. bia and was requested by them. Mr. GROSS. Do I understand there The Clerk read the bill, as follows: is no report from the Bureau of the . Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer Budget or the executive department in Be it enacted, etc., That the first sentence a committee amendment. of section 15 of the act entitled "An act The Clerk read as follows: support of this bill? relating to children born out of wedlock," Mr. McMILLAN. No objection to the approved January 11, 1951 (sec. 11-963, D. C. Committee amendment offered by Mr. Mc bill was made at the hearings by the Code, 1951 edition), is amended to read as MILLAN: On page 1, beginning in line 9, strike Budget Bureau or any of the executive follows: "Whenever a certified copy of a out "an illegitimate child" and insert in lieu departments. marriage certificate is submitted to the Com thereof "a child born out of wedlock." Mr. GROSS. I understand it involves missioners of the District of Columbia or Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I wish their designated agent, establishing that a comparatively small amount of money, the previously unwed parents of an illegiti to tell the House that this amendment but what I am getting at is whether we mate child have intermarried subsequent to was suggested by our distinguished are setting a precedent, by indirection the birth of said child and the paternity of majority leader, and I believe it adds inviting more foreign students to come the child has been judicially determined or greatly to the strength of the bill. here on visas and with their education has been acknowledged by the husband be The SPEAKER. The question is on tuition free in the District of Columbia. fore said Commissioners or their designate& the amendment. Why not let the Dist!ict of Columbia pay agent, or has been acknowledged in an am davit sworn to by such husband before a The amendment was agreed to. the bill? judge or the clerk of a court of record, or The bill was ordered to be read a third Mr. McMILLAN. They will. before an omcer of the Armed Forces of the time, was read the third time, and Mr. GROSS. Through an appropria United States authorized to administer oaths, passed, and a motion to reconsider was tion made by Congress to the District or before any person duly authorized to ad laid on the table. · of Columbia, which is an indirect way minister oaths and such affidavit is deliv of taking it out of the pockets of the tax ered to said Commissioners or their desig nated agent, a new .certificate of birth bear EXEMPTING · CERTAIN PROPERTY payers all over the country. ing the original date of birth and the names Mr. Speaker, I am opposed to the bill. of both parents, shall be issued and substi FROM TAXATION I will withdraw my reservation of objec tuted for the certificate of birth then on file." Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, by di tion, but I want the RECORD to show that SEC. 2. That subsection (b) of section 16 rection of the Committee on the District I am opposed to the bill. of. such act (sec. 11-964 (b), D. C. Code, of Columbia I call up the bill ark, Ark., pur commodities are made available for sale suant to 67th United States Statutes at Means; to the Committee on House Adminis abroad; to the Committee on Agriculture. tration. Large, page 271, as amended by 70th United By Mr. GRANT: States Statutes at Large, page 543; to the By Mr. REED: Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 11885. A bill to authorize the Sec H. Res. 526. Resolution providing for the 1804. A letter from the Under Secretary of retary of the Army or his designee to convey employment of two additional clerical em the Interior, transmitting a report covering certain property located in the vicinity of ployees for the Committee on Ways and all tort claims paid by the Department of the Montgomery, Montgomery county, Ala., to Means; to the Committee on House Adminis Interior, in the fiscal year 1957, pursuant to the State of Alabama; to the Committee on tration. the Federal Tort Claims Act (28 U. S. C., sec. Armed Services. 2673); to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HARRIS: 1805. A letter from the Commissioner, Im H . R . 11886. A bill to amend the Com MEMORIALS migration .and Naturalization Service, De munications Act of 1934, for the purpose of Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo partment of Justice, transmitting copies of more effectively protecting the public interest in the administration of such act by the rials were presented and referred as fol orders entered in cases of aliens who have lows: been found admissible into the United Federal Communications Commission; to the State~>, pursuant to section 212 (a) (28) (I) Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis (ii) Immigration and Nationality; to the merce. lature of the State of California, memorializ- Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HASKELL: .ing the President and the Congress of the 1806. A letter from the Commissioner, Im H. R. 11887. A bill to provide for research United S ~ ates to extend Public Law 78, 82d migration and Naturalization Service, De into problems of flight within and outside Congress, relative to Mexican national farm partment of Justice, transmitting a copy of the earth's atmosphere, and for other pur laborers; to the Committee on Agriculture. the order suspending deportation in the case poses; to the Select Committee on Astro Also, memorial of the Legislature of the of Fuh Yu Yang, pursuant tq title 8, United nautics and Space Exploration. State of California, memorializing the Presi States Code, section 155 (c); to the Commit By Mr. KEATING: dent and the Congress of the United States tee on the Judiciary. H. R. 11888. A bill to provide for research relative to revival of the gold-mining indus 1807. A letter from the Commissioner, Im into problems of flight wlthin and outside try of California; to the Committee on Banlt migration and Naturalization Service, De the earth's atmosphere, and for other pur ing and Currency. partment of Justice, requesting the return poses; to the Select Committee on Astro AlEo, memorial of the Legi10lature of the to the jurisdiction of the Department, the nautics and Space Ex-.;>loratio;o.. State of California, memorializing the Presi cases of Ting Su, A-5770015 and Grace Su By Mr. McCARTHY: dent and the Congress of the United States nee Ling Yu Ying, A-10497948; to the Com H. R. 11889. A bill to perntit articles im- to approve as :won as possible the legislation mittee on the Judiciary. . ported from foreign countries for the purpose now pending to authorize Auburn Dam; to 1808. A letter from the Commissioner, Im of exhibition at the Minnesota State Fair and the Committee on Interior and Insular Af migration and Naturalization Service, De Centennial Exposition to be held at St. fairs. partment of Justice, requesting the return to Paul, Minn., to be admitted without pay Also, memorial of the Legislature of the the jurisdiction of the Department, the case ment of tariff, and for other purposes; to the State of California, memorializing the Presi of Kum Yen Ng also known as Kun Eng, Committee on Ways and Means. dent and the Congress of the United Stat'3s A-10691115; to the Committee on the Ju H. R. 11890. A bill to ameud the Internal relative to the World Fair in Brussels; to the diciary. Revenue Code of 1954 to repeu.l the taxes im Committee on Appropriations. 1809. A letter from the Secretary of De- posed on the transportation of persons and Also, memorial of the Legislature of the fense, transmitting a draft of proposed legis property; to the Committee on Ways and State of California, memorializing the Presi lation entitled "A bill to provide certain ad Means. - dent and the Congress of the United States ministrative authorities for the National Se . By Mr. MAGNUSON: relative to the University of California Band; curity Agency, and for other purposes";· to the H. R. 11891. A bill to provide an additional to the Committee on Appropriations. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. income-tax exemption for a taxpayer if he Also, memorial of the Legislature of the or hi~ spouse is a student and not a de State of California, memorializing the Presi pendent of another taxpayer; to the Commit dent and the Congress of the United States REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB tee on Ways and Means. to preserve without change the historic LIC BI~ AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. POWELL: words of our national anthem; to the Com Under clause 2 ·of rule XIII, pursuant H. R. 11892. A bill to amend title I of the mittee on the Judiciary. Housing Act of 1949 to increase from $2,500 Also, memorial of the Legislature of the to the order of the House of April 3, to $5,000 the maximum relocation payment State of California, memorializing the Presi 1958, the following bill was reported on which may be made thereunder to a business dent and the Congress of the United States April 4, 1958: - concern displaced by an urban renewal to provide for the issuance of a special stamp Mr. HARRIS: Committee on Interstate project; to the Committee on Ba~king . and on traffic safety; to the Committee on Post ana Foreign- Commerce. Interim report of Currency. Office and Civil Service. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- HOUSE April J:q, ·

Also, memorial of the Legislature of t~e - . . PE'"!'I'ITONS, ETC. Military Concessionaires and Suppliers; to· State of California, memorializing the Presi· the Committee on Armed Services. dent and the Congress of the United States ~ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 545. Also, petition of Herbert C. Holdridge, to augment or supplement the budget for and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Washington, D. C., with reference to institut the ensuing fiscal year by adding thereto an and referred as follows: ing criminal action against the agents of item of appropriation for construction of said 535. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of Paul R. the private corporation of the Federal Re Pillar Point breakwater; to the Committee Sims and 32 other citizens of Troy, Pa., serve bank and its collaborationists; to the on Public Works. urging the enactment of H. R. 369, a bill to Committee on Banking and Currency. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the make the Federal Standard Time Act na 546. Also, petition of Thomas VanKleeck, State of California, memorializing the Presi tionally binding and effective for all gov New York, N. Y., with reference to urging dent and the Congress of the United States ernmental and business purposes the entire support for enactment of H. R~ 4523. H. R. relative to granting tax deductions to parents year; to the Committee on Interstate and 4677, and H. R. 1008, pertaining to aid for of college students; to the Committee on Foreign Commerce. railroads; to the Committee on Interstate Ways and Means. 536. By Mr. HILLINGS: Petition of resi and Foreign Comm•erce. Also memorial of the Legislature of the dents of the 25th Congressional District of 547. Also, petition of C. A. Knoll and others, State ~f California, memorializing the Presi California urging support of legislation to Owosso, Mich:, with reference to support for dent and the Congress of the United States prohibit the transportation of alcoholic passage of H. R. 4677, H. R. 1008, H. R. 4523, relative to Federal aid for education; to the beverage advertising in interstate commerce and H. R. 3974, pertaining to the Railroad Committee on Ways and Means. and its broadcasting over the air; to the Retirement Act; to the Committee on Inter Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign state and Foreign Commerce. State of California, memorializing the Presi-: Commerce. 548. Also, petition of R. A. Hunnicutt and dent and the Congress of the United States 537. Also, petition of 964 residents of the others, Lansing, Mich., with reference to sup relative to the repeal of the transportation 25th Congressional District of Califprnia port for passage of H. R. 4677, H. R. 1008, H. R. excise taxes; to the Committee on Ways and urging support of legislation to prohibit 4523, and H. R. 3974, pertaining to the Rail Means. the transportation of alcoholic beverage ad road Retirement Act; to the Committee on Also· memorial of the Legislature of the vertising in interstate commerce and its Interstate and Foreign Commerce. State 'or Massachusetts, memorializing the broadcasting over the air; to the Committee 549. Also, petition of John F. Engelke, President and the Congress of the United ·on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Evanston, Ill., requesting immediate consid States to enact appropriate legislation 538. By Mr. JENSEN: Petition of Misses eration of the so-called process of discipline granting financial assistance to · States !or Rachel Revelle and Elizabeth Hudson and folder previously submitted on January 28, research and training programs combatmg 120 other citizens of Guthrie County, 1958· to the Committee on the Judiciary. juvenile delinquency; to the Committee on Iowa, urging consideration of H . R. 4835 and 550. Also, petition of the president, Public Education and Labor. S. 582; to the Committee on Interstate and Affairs Luncheon Club, Dallas, Tex., protest Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Foreign Commerce. ing the holding of a centennial observance State of Massachusetts, memorializing the 539. By Mr. MARSHALL: Petition of Hen of the War Between the States; to the Com President and the Congress of the United ning C. Magnuson, of Foley, Minn., and oth mittee on the Judiciary. States to provide forthwith for the allocation ers, in support of legislation to prohibit 551. Also, petition of Rose Scherer, New of funds for the construction of armories or advertising of alcoholic beverages in inter York, N.Y., with reference to claims against related facilities; to the Committee on Gov state commerce; to the Committee on Inter the United States Government; to the Com ernment Operations. state and Foreign Commerce. mittee on the Judiciary. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the 540. Also, petition of Mr. and Mrs. Paul 552. Also, petition of the county clerk, State of Massachusetts, memorializing the Everts, of Foley, Minn., and others, in support couiJ.ty of Kauai, Lihue, Kauai, T. H., request President and the Congress of the United of legislation to prohibit advertising of alco ing Congressional legislation in aid of the States to adopt legislation which will include holic beverages in interstate commerce; to establishment of an interisland ferry medical and hospital payments within the the Committee on Interstate and Foreign service; to the Committee on Merchant Ma provision of the Social Security Act; to the Commerce. rine and Fisheries. Committee on Ways and Means. . 553. Also petition of the city clerk, city of Also, memorial of the Legislature of the 541. Also, petition of Pastor V. A. Jensen, Glendorado Lutheran Church, Princeton, Torrance, Calif., requesting Congress and the State of New York, memorializing the Presi Postmaster General of the United States to dent and the Congress of the United States Minn., and others, in support of legislation to prohibit advertising of alcoholic beverages provide Torrance mailing addresses for all to enact appropriate legislation to enable residents of the city of Torrance; to the Com the railroad industry compete with other in interstate commerce; to the Committee on to Interstate and Foreign Commerce. mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. forms of transportation which are aided by 554. Also, petition of the director, Depart public funds; to the Committee on Inter-• 542. Also, petition of Rev. Herbert D. Mc ment of · game, Fish, and Parks, State of state and Foreign Commerce. Donald, First Baptist Church, of Foley, Minn., South Dakota, Pierre, S. Dak., recommending and others, in support of legislation to pro to Congress and urging Congress to continue hibit advertising of alcoholic beverages in and expand the 1956 Water Pollution Control interstate commerce; to the Committee on PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Act known as Public Law 660, and suggesting Interstate and F'oreign Commerce. amendments; to the Committee on Public Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 543. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Works. bills and resolutions were introduced president, Clear Air-Clear Water, Unlimited, 555. Also, petition of Guy C. Quinlan and and severally referred as follows: South St. Paul, Minn., with reference to the others, Harvard World Federalists, Harvard national water pollution control and Federal Eisenhower Club, Cambridge, Mass., with ref By Mr. HUDDLESTON: aid program; to the Committee on Appro H. R. 11899. A bill for the relief of Manuel erence to support for the reciprocal trade and priations. mutual security programs; to the Commit- Martinez-Lopez; to the Committee on the 544. Also, petition of Robert Henry Hunter, Judiciary. . tee on Ways and Means. Washington, D. C., with reference to proposed 556. Also, petition of the city clerk, city By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: changes in the regulations governing the · of Torrance, Calif., urging the Congress and H. R . 11900. A bill for the relief of David operation of all concession activities of post President of the United States to immediately Yung-Liang Liu; to the Committee on the and base exchanges throughout the United reduce Federal taxes; to the Committee on Judiciary. States as sponsored by the Association of Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS Of. REMARKS

The President's Space Agency Proposal civilian space agency. · The terms of this nothing must be done to interfere with bill provide that a civilian-directed Na military advances at this stage, it may EXTENSION OF REMARKS tional Aeronautics and Space Agency will be possible later to bring the military OF be formed from the nucleus of the long and civilian aspects together under even existing National Advisory Committee more centralized control than this bill HON. KENNETH B. KEATING for Aeronautics. The new agency would. provides. OF NEW YORK guide all United States aeronautical_and But for the time being it is wise to re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES space activities except those of a stnctly tain Pentagon control of th.- military military nature. Monday, April14, 1958 explorations of space and to turn the The President's proposal provides a civilian effort over to an experienced and Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I have sound division of authority between the proven agency. I hope serious consid today introduced the bill recommended military and civilian parts of our outer eration will be accorded to giving the by President Eisenhower to establish a space programs. While of course director of the civilian agency the equiv- 1958 CONGRESSIONAL ~CORD-I-lOUSE 6327 alent of Cabinet status,· so that his · My bill differs from ot):ler proposals search and development by creating a Qoa.J, which have been introduced to grant an Research and Development Commission. views will be accorded a full hearing at Such a commission would in effect give our the highest level. additional 'tax exemption for students coal-producing regions a greater opportunity The race for space represents one of because the latter preserve the inequity for lifting. themselves out of the economic t:1e great challenges before our Natio~ in the dependency situation. doldrums that have persisted for the greater today. It must be pursued with deter part of the period smce the conclusion of mination and alacrity. This bill pro World War II. While there is no question vides a reasonable, sound means for do about the need for a distressed area program ing just that. It deserves speedy The Creation of a Coal Research and De for the present and the immeaiate future, over the long run a ~esearch and develop approval by Congress. velopment Commission Will Stimulate ment plan for the coal industry as provided in H. R. 9593 would lessen the burden placed the Production and Conservation of on Federal and State budgets. Coal Thus Relieving Some of the Un Mr. Chairman, let us take a look at the Second Tax Exemption for the Working current situation in the central Pennsyl employment in the Coal-Producing vania. coal industry. While final figures are Student Areas of the Nation not yet available, there is no disputing the fact that central Pennsylvania's bituminous coal production in 1957 decreased from near EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF ly 58 million tons in 1948 to 36 million tons OF or nearly 40 percent. A further deficit of HON. DON MAGNUSON several million tons is expected for the year HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT of 1958. OF WASHINGTON OF PENNSYLVANIA From the standpoint of employment we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had nearly 49,000 persons employed in the Monday, April14,1958 coal industry in the central Pennsylvania Monday, April14,1958 area. as compared to 22,600 as of December Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, this 31, 1957. These figures represent a drop of should like to call the attention of my morning I appeared before the Mines nearly 45 percent. From this information colleagues to a bill I have introduced to.;, you can readily understand why my district and Mining Subcommittee of the House is classified as a labor surplus area and has day, H. R. 11891, which would provide a Committee on Interior and Insular Af been for years. a second income tax exemption for a fairs in behalf of my bill, H. R. 9593, de One of the obvious reasons for restricted student who is working his way through signed to encourage and stimulate the demand for our coal is the unabated waves college. production and conservation of coal of residual oil that sweep into our east coast The additional exemption also would through the creation of a Coal Research markets. · For almost a decade I have been go to the married student. insisting that a law is needed to check this .and Development Commission. The unfair competitive practice, and we who rep This bill is designed to correct the -statement follows: resent coal States have enjoyed a measure of inequity in the existing tax law under STATEMENT BY REPRESENTATIVE JAMES E. VAN consolation in the administration's volun which two exemptions can be claimed on ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DIS:- tary program for ebbing the flow of crude oil behalf of a student whose father is help , TRICT OF PENNSYLANIA, APRIL 14, 1958, BE• and products from alien petroleum fields ing him through school-one to the FORE THE MINING SUBCOMMITTEE OF TH~ and refineries. The assurance required for .father and one to the student-but only HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR safeguarding the domestic fuel producer and one exemption is available to the self AFFAIRS, IN SUPPORT OF H. R. 9593 our American workman cannot be guaran.;. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportu teed, however, until a legislative barrier is supporting or married student. set up as may be provided through a quota. This legislation was suggested to me ·nity of appearing before your subcommittee in behalf of my bill, H. R. 9593, designed limitation when the request for extension of by Lauren D. Rice, a student at Whit to encourage and stimulate the production the reciprocal trade agreements is considered worth College, in Spokane, Wash. Rice, and conservation of coal through the crea by Congress. in a recent letter, pointed out the in:. tion of a Coal Research and Development Wherever corrective steps may be taken in equity which gives $1,200 in exemptions Commission. this regard by the 85th Congress, the neces for the student whose parents are help As many of you know, I represent a bitu sity for a Coal Research Commission wlll ing him, but only $600 to the student, like minous-coal area in the heart of Pennsyl remain. The fuel upon which we place de· vania where a depressed economy has existed pendence for America's economy and secu himself, who is working his way through .rity of the generations ahead must be ready college. for years because of decreased demand for for immediate delivery when called upon. coal. Mr. Chairman, the research program as Rice said in his letter: Since the close of World War II, except for I feel very strongly that some provision provided for in my bill, H. R. 9593, will not a brief recess brought about by the Korean only ·assist in increasing coal production shoUld be made for those students who are war, · unemployment has plagued my Con putting themselves through college. and coal utilization but will provide also gressional District. At this moment 15 per for improvement in transportation methods. I agree with him. _cent of a 90,500 labor market is unemployed This is borne out by the fact that teams of -mainly due to the loss of our eastern sea railroad management and labor have indi Under the present law, a parent who . board coal markets and its effect on the coal is· providing more than half -the sup cated accord in the approach undertaken in .and railroad industry. H. R. 9593, as have the great industrial fuel port for a child who is a student can In Clearfield County, which is among the consumers of our Nation. · claini an exemption for the student, and .three counties in my Congressional District, Members of the House and Senate have the student also can claim exemption for 20 percent of the population of the county is an opportunity through the creation of a himself. My bill would leave this pro living on public assistance and surplus com Coal Research Commission to erect a monu vision unchanged but provide that if the modities; while in my three-county area, 13 ment to the progressive attitude of the 85th parent does not claim the exemption percent is living on public-assistance benefits Congress. Therefore, enactment of this bill and surplus-food commodities. that is, the student is not a dependen~ into law will symbolize the determination , As you can see the situation is extremely of this l egislative body in guaranteeing the the student taxpayer can claim the sec .serious and presents a compelling problem. availability of energy resources for this pe ond exemption for himself. One of the legislative approaches that I riod of international crisis and for the years If the student is single, or is married ,have made tp bolster the sagging economy of and centuries beyond our own lifetime. and files a separate return, he would the central Pennsylvania area is through dis Mr. Chairman, I should like to lay aside claim two exemptions. · tressed area. legislation, and at the moment any pride of authorship as far as this type If the student is married and files a .there are 40 bills pending before the House of legislation is concerned. My plea here joint return with his husband or wife, Banking and Currency Committee providing today is that a bill may be perfected and · econoinic assistance to these areas. It is my enacted into law that will bring into being the return would show three exemp~ions, hope that one of these 40 bills will be enacted a Coal Research and Development Com .one for the· husband, one for the wife,. into law during this 85th Congress. _, Inission. and the additional student exemption. · Another legislative approach I am making · Information in the hands of our Govern If the student is married and files no 'to bolster the sagging economy in Pennsyl;- ·ment and this subcommittee is replete With return because he or she has no gross vania is through H. R. 9593, now before this evidence of the need for a Commission to subco~~ttee • . This bill, which was intra formulate and execute an overall research income, then the working spouse can .duced in August 1957 will encourage and program for the coal industry. claim the student exemption on her or stimulate the production and conservation In addition, I firmly believe that the his separate-return. ·of coal in the Uni-tetl States through re- fruits of this Commission will restore coal CIV--399 6328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 14 to its economic prominence in this country Mr. SEVAREID. You came in Wilson's days: Representatives. You watched them from and in doing so alleviate many of the ills I remember it. ihat high rostrum, that podium. of unemployment in the coalfields of our Mr. RAYBURN. I was sworn in in April, What kind of men really make the best Nation. 1913, Woodrow Wilson's first administration. and most useful Members of the House? Frankly, this legislation is desperately Mr. SEVAREID. Well, speaking of your am Mr. RAYBURN. It is here just like it Is needed by the coal industry and the coal bitions, it occurs to me then, Mr; Speaker, everywhere else. I just spoke to some school areas of the Nation. to ask you this. There have been times in children a moment ago and told them this. various conventions when a number of your There is not so much difference in the abil friends have wanted to nominate you for ities of people, as a lot of people suppose. the presidential nomination. Have you ever When one person has got common sense, he Capitol Cloakroom Broadcast of March had that kind of ambition? has got all the sense there is. It all de Mr. RAYBURN. There was a time when I pends on what they do with it. 31, 1958, . With Hon. Sam Rayburn would have liked to have been President of And I told them, I said you must remember the United States; of course, not now. But that the fellow at the next desk, in the next as Guest I always answer that by saying that I really office, on the next farm, or the next factory, never expected to be President of the United has as much ability as you have, and he is . EXTENSION OF REMARKS States, because I was born in the wrong going to beat you if he works harder than section of the country and at the wrong OF you do. time. I think that prejudice is fading, but Now I find very few people that come to HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK it faded too late for me. the House of Representatives who are not Mr. SEVAREID. Another personal question, OF MASSACHUSETTS men and women of capacity, and it all de Mr. SAM. pends, just like the fellow starting out in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So far as I recollect, you have never life, as to what they do with that character traveled a great deal abroad. Your axis has Monday, April14, 1958 and sense. been from Washington here back to Bon I said to our caucus here just a while ago Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, un ham. Why is that? when this session of Congress began-I said, der permission to extend my remarks, Mr. RAYBURN. Well, my !ather and mother had 11 children, 13 of us in the house, and "I hope you will attend your committee I include the Capital Cloakroom program then Uncle Jim came to live with us, and meetings, because you have sought member of March 31, 1958, with Speal{er SAM that made 14. The bigger the family the ship on those committe~s and it is your duty RAYBURN as the .guest, and Eric Sevareid closer they get together, in my opinion, .to go there and learn through the hearings as the interrogator, which program was and those of us who are living now are just and through the executive sessions what the carried over the CBS Radio Network. as close brothers and sisters as we were bill means, and be able, when you come on when we ·were fighting out on the little the floor of the House to explain it to any The producer of this program is Michael inquiring Member." Marlow: farm down there in north Texas. I have led a bachelor's life all the time I said also, "I urge you to be here for the Mr. SEVAREID. His real friends around since I have been in Washington, and un opening of the House of Representatives be Washington and practically everybody in less one of my sisters is here, why I am cause in the first 30 minutes you find out all Texas call him Mr. SAM, familiarly, because away from all my bloo.(i, and I am a dis that is going to be happening that day, and he ·is a friendly man, not too familiarly be ciple of the doctrine of my oldest brother maybe, especially on Monday, you find out cause he is a man of natural dignity, and who once said, "With me blood is thicker what is going to happen for the whole week. after all, a man of great power. than water." Therefore, if you are going to be a useful and A writer once said of him, "SAM RAYBURN When I get away from here I don't want knowing Member of the House of Representa is one Texan who does not wear a 10-gallon to go anywhere in the world except home tives, you have got to attend your commit hat, slaps no backs, and calls his cattle to see my lovely country, to see what little tees, you have got to learn what your bills ranch a farm." possessions I have, and .associate with iny are. Then you have got to come to the floor He has been Speaker of the House of Rep• brothers and sisters and my other blood and of the House and see the program enacted resentatives longer than any man in our old friends. there." long political history. ·The first radio net Mr. SEVEREr». I gather the soil of Texas Now a lot of people talk about studying the work interview Speaker RAYBURN ever con with you is thicker than the soil of Europe rules of the House. A man can read the sented to was on this same program Capital or Asia. rules of the House for 6 years, in my opinion, Cloakroom. The second one was also on and know very little about them, for the this program. He is with us again, a proper Mr. RAYBURN. That is correct. Mr. SEVAREID. Mr. Speaker, if you can re simple reason they are complex. They have observance we think for the lOth year of ben built up over 107 years and even before this program's existence. We are seated in member it now, what would you say was the most difficult decision you ever had to that, because Jefferson's Manual, a great deal the Speaker's private office. It is furnished of it, came from across the water. in the commodious leather style of the old make on that Speaker's rostrum? Mr. RAYBURN. Well, now, I don't know, But you have got to see the rules of the fashioned. Mr. Sevareig, whether I would say this' was House put in practice, practiced, why a point The Speaker's roots go back a long way. of order is made, why it is overruled, why The past has real meaning for him. The the most difficult cine, but this is the one that has attracted the most attention. it is sustained, and all this and th-at and the life of Robert E. Lee particularly has special other, and you see it in action. meaning for him. The lessons of Lee's life You see, when you have a roll call in the are part of the basic nature and philosophy House of Representatives; the Speaker can And then I have advised them to go back of SAM RAYBURN. declare the vote or not, and then they have the next day and pick up the RECORD and Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask you first if it is a close vote, they have what they call read that debate or the arguments made, why one or two questions about yourself, and the a recapitulation, and unless the Speaker an a point of order should be sustained, or first one is, why was the House and not the nounces the vote, then men on the recapitu should not. That is the only way you are Senate always your goal? lation can change their votes. going to learn the rules of the House. And a l\1ember must know a good deal about the Mr. RAYBURN. I was a member of the On August 12: 1941, when we were trying Texas Legislature when I was a very young to extend the Selective Service Act and keep rules of the House before he can manage a man. I was elected speaker of the Texas ·our Army up instead of having it taken apart bill when it comes from his committee or a Legislature 4 days after my 29th birthday. when we were attacked at Pearl Harbor, the committee of which he is chairman. I went there wanting to be speaker. I vote was 202-203 for the bill and 202 against Mr. SEVAREID. Mr. Speaker, some people wanted to be head of the house. I didn't it. I declared the vote, and that froze . have the idea that we have too many lawyers know much and I just said often that God, everybody exactly where they were, because in Congress, that we ought to have more ignorance, and desperation took care of me. I knew for my side we had a one majority, farmers, labor people, businessmen, teachers, Then I came to the House and my ambi and I think there has been more comment writers, and so on. Do you have any feeling tion was in the House. I never had the about my action at that time than any one that way? slightest desire to be a Governor, or to be a decision I have ever made. Mr. RAYBURN. No, it doesn't make a parcel United States Senator, and somebody asked Mr. SEVAREID. I remember that day. of difference to me what profession the man me one day when I first thought I would Mr. RAYBURN. My rulings have been ap or woman in the House of Representatives like to be Speaker of the House of Rep pealed from only twice, as I remember it, comes from, or is a member of, just so that resentatives here, and I said, well, I was 8 since I have been the Speaker, and they have they are the type I have been describing. or 9, or 10 years old, I don't think it was got an insignificant number of votes to Mr. SEVAREID. Let me ask you a broader more than that, and I. clung to that ambi overrule any decision that I have ever made. question bearing somewhat on this. Our tion, and I finally made it after many years, Mr. SEVAREID. You have never had one traditional system elects people locally, all because when I came here there were a. overruled? in the House from a local district; they are great many people far ahead of me, and I Mr. RAYBURN. No. bound to local needs as well as national and wasn't jealous of them. I didn't envy them Mr. SEVAREID. Mr. Speaker, you have int_ernational needs. Is this system meeting their positions, but I waited my time and watched a great many men, I suppose now the tremendous global problems and respon it finally came. thousands, come and go in the House of sibilities that seem to snow us all under? ..

1.958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 6329 . Mr. RAYBURN. Well, ·I saw an editorial in base, the man on the farm, the man 1n the Now we are up against it this year because the evening paper just a while ago,. today. shop, make him prosperous enough to give that has got to be renewed, and, as an old It said something about me, that I regarded him. a buying power and then he will put friend of mine said one time, we cannot be 1n my district more than I did the country. everybody to work, because he buys things this world and not of it. And if we do not Well, ther.e couldn't be a greater cannard with the things that he makes. extend this Reciprocal Trade Act and keep ln the world than that, and 1t is a cannard Now that is one fundamental difference, up the kind of trade we have now, we wm about all the men and women ln the Hotise and of course there is one fundamental dif Just be out of the world, as far as trade and of Representatives. ference between the Democrats and the Re commerce is concerned, and it would be the ' . Now you have got to be elected by some publicans on the tariff. The tariffs got so worst thing in the world that could happen body before you get here, and that is the con high, they built such a wall around this to this country,in my opinion, because some stituency 1n your district, whether it is large country that we had to do something about · body will trade with these people and they or small, and some of them are small; some it. will not have the walls around them that of them are large in population because Since World War I we have become the some of our people want built around us. since redistricting they have grown up. greatest surplus-producing country in the That is one of the fundamentals, tariff and But I find the membership in the House of world, and still are. Now money doesn't taxation is one of the fundamental questions Representatives just as patriotic a group of cross the oceans to balance the trade between that separate the two parties. men and women that could be gathered in country and country. It is surplus goods Mr. SEVAREm. Mr. Speaker, what about this the world. Their first duty is to look after for surplus goods, and I think McKinley was session of Congress? Are they going to ex the small things and the large things in the credited with saying 60 years ago, "We can tend this Reciprocal Trade Act? districts that send them here, the districts not sell where we do not buy." Then we came along to the Roosevelt ad Mr. RAYBURN. Well, I hope so. I am going that have given them the opportunity to to do everything 1n the world I can about it. demonstrate whether they can deal with the ministration and Cordell Hull was more 're sponsible for it than anybody. With his I understand the President is doing what he States or not. can. He made a speech down here the other But I find that on the broad questions that help we set up the reciprocal trade arrange ments. night to a group that was nationally tele they do not look to their little district. They vised. I hope it has an effect in bringing 1n of course have some idea or want to have Now there are many Republicans that never some support for this b111, -and I believe it is some idea about what their people think. have voted for the extension or the putting going to pass, because I Just think we cannot But I think in the main, in an overwhelming into effect of reciprocal trade. Now we have a~ord to fail to pass it. majority of the cases the Members in the got to have reciprocal trade. In other words, House of Representatives vote for what they as an old friend of mine once said to me, he Mr. SEVAREID. How about this session of think is the best interest of the country. said, "You cannot be in the world and not of Congress generally? What has been the prog Mr. SEVAREID.-Do they have really enough it." ress? It usually starts very slow. time, enough help, enough money to put If we do not have a reciprocal trade act, Mr. RAYBURN. I think we have had greater their minds to these enormous world prob unless we have agreement with other coun progress in this session of Congress up to lems? tries as to how much tariff we are going to Easter than any Congress I have served in in Mr. RAYBURN. I think so. · When I came charge them and how much they are going many years. here we got $1,500 for clerk hire. I hired to charge us, we are going to be out of Mr. SEVAREm. That is quite a statement. one person at $125 a month. the world as far as trade is concerned, in Mr. RAYBURN. I can read off to you what Well, the Government wasn't as big then my opinion, and therefore we must, in my we have done up to now. We have passed, as it is now. People didn't write letters like opinion, for the defense, for our foreign and in the President's hand, special defense they do now. People didn't ask for favors policy and all extend this reciprocal trade. construction b111, debt ce111ng increase, price like they do now, and all those things. But We have a great many Republicans, as I say, support freeze on agriculture, which the we have grown up now to the point where I who have never voted for it. They believe in Preside~t vetoed today, second supplemental feel that each Member of the House of Repre building the walls around this country pretty appropriation, supplemental defense appro sentatives has enough help in his office to high. priation, supplemental Labor Department transact his business. I know I do. Now it has got to the point where the other appropriation, Treasury and Post Office ap ·Mr. SEVAREID. You think the pay is suf fellow can build a wall just as high as we can propriations. Those are all law except the ficient? and it will defeat trade, and if we stop trading one that the President vetoed. The b1lls in Mr. RAYBURN. T do, since it has been raised with our ames and the people who have been conference, the postal pay increase bill; it the last time, I think it is sufficient pay. I trading with us, there is no place for them to probably won't get up before Easter; rivers think the average man can come here and go except to Russia or some country that and harbors authorization; we will probably Uve on this and ralse his family. might be unfriendly to us. adopt that conference report tomorrow; high What the trouble was a few years ago, the Mr. SEVAREm. Mr. Speaker, do you see any way construction is in conference. When salary was so low a man with a family came other basic differences between the parties? they w111 agree on that I don't know. here and got poorer and poorer every year he But then the House has completed the stayed. Mr. RAYBURN. There has always been a great basic difference between the parties military pay increase, Small Business Admin Mr. SEVAREm. I know many who did in istration, independent offices appropriation, those days. · on the question of foreign trade. The Re publicans have always believed in a tariff Interior Department appropriaton, Labor. Mr. Speaker, you have a kind of a fierce Health, Education, and Welfare appropria loyalty to your political party. Many of us for protection. Now that might have been justified many years ago when we had infant tion, and the technical amendments to the over the years have acquired the feeling that Tariff Act. the differences between the Republican and industries in this country, but since we have the most giant ones 1n the world, since we And we will tomorrow or the next day Pemocratic parties have grown fewer and pass the Agricultural Appropriation Act, and fewer. How do you see it? Do .you see a are the greatest surplus-producing country 1n the world, we must trade with other coun that will leave us just two big b1lls to pass, basic difference? big_ appropriations; they wm be public works Mr. RAYBURN. Well, I do of course or I tries. w_ouldn't be a partisan, I wouldn't be a party Money doesn't cross the ocean to balance and the Defense Department. Now, I don't man. The Democratic Party started out un trade between country and country. It is know any session of Congress from January der Jefferson, the Republican Party started surplus goods forJsurplus goods. If we don't until April that has done a bigger job than out ·under Hamilton. take the surplus goods of other countries, that. .- Alexander Hamilton was a brilliant man, then they can't take ours. Mr. SEVAREID. That is a very considerable a brilliant young man of 30 years of age when McKinley once said, I think it was nearly statement, considering the history of this, of he attended the constitutional convention in 60 years ago, he was the author of a great the rate of progress. Philadelphia in 1787. He wasn't there a great tariff bill and he said, "We cannot sell where Mr. RAYBURN. Usually we get started deal of the time because the things that we do not buy." slowly. Franklin and Morris and Madison and people These tariff laws have built a wall around Mr. SEVAREID. Yes. like that were doing about setting up Gov this country that is pretty hard for the sur Mr. RAYBURN. And don't get into high gear ernment didn't please him too well. plus of other countries to get over. The until after Easter. Now what we have always said was the dif Democratic position has been a reasonable Mr. SEVAREm. What about the great meas ference between the Jeffersonian theory and tariff, -or it was years ago for tariff revenue ures for combating this depression or re the Hamilton theory was this, and I think only. But after the enactment of the Smoot cession? Are we doing enough? What that has lodgement in some Republicans now, Hawley Tariff Act, which is in effect now, ought we be doing? I will not say all of them. That is the w·ay except for that great statesman Cordell Hull Mr. RAYBURN. I don't know whether we are to make ·the country prosperous; was to make brought in what is known now as recipro doing enough or not. We have taken the those at the top very wealthy, and that cal trade arrangements; that is where we sit lead in that. I remember Senator JoHNSON wealth and those profits would trickle down down with the other countries of the earth introduced a resolution. Congressman Mc to the ones below them. and determine which tariff they can pay to CoRMAcK, the majority leader of the House, Now that theory has been practiced a great get into this country and how much they introduced a resolution to try to unfreeze many times, but it has never succeeded. are going to charge us. It has worked some of the money that is over in the De The Jeffersonian theory was, and it is our splendidly, and we have tremendous trade fense Department, and within a few days theory now, that ·you want to make the and commerce with all the nations of the after that the Defense Department-and we country prosperous, you make those at the world that are friendly to us especially. passed the resolution through the House and 6330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE ~April 14.· through the Senate-they unfroze $450 mil think we have got in a rut on these great this: That on the talk. of the summit and lion for installations in public works. questions? the talk of stopping the explosion of these We have passed the rivers and harbors b111. Mr. RAYBURN. I said on December 3- bombs, Russia has beaten us on propaganda We will probably adopt the conference re and that has been awhile ago-that the all around the world. · port on that tomorrow or the next day. We Russians were beating us on propaganda. In Mr. SEVAREID. To ask you one last question, have passed the housing b111 that will build my opinion, they have beaten us ever since. Mr. Speaker, and to come to something that 200,000 houses and put 500,000 people to For us just to freeze and say "No," no is very intimate and pressing, there has just work, and housing can start faster than any summit unless we can get our way about been a debate in the House a few minutes ago thing, and we have done some other things everything, no this, no that, and the other, about this, and that is the remodeling of the that I don't recall to my mind at the mo I think it is hurting our hope for peace, east front of the Capitol Building, for which ment, but unemployment extension of bene or hope for cooperation with the world, and you have been a protagonist and a great many fits, we are going to take that up, have a especially-now Russia is a big country; it people, including some architects around the hearing on it on the 28th. We will pass that . is the biggest except ourselves, I mean, as country are very upset. What is your real and that will put money in the pocke~s of a far as wealth and army and able to support reason for wanting to do this? lot of people. itself. I think that the time is fast approach Mr. RAYBURN. Yes; they want to put it So in these billions that we are making ing when we have got to come to some kind defacing the Capitol. They want to make, it available, if they are wisely expended, it is of an agreement and understanding with was vandalism, and so forth. CLARENCE going to give us a great lift. Russia, if we go into a summit conference CANNON made a speech in the House the Mr. SEVAREm. Do you have very firm per with them. other day that was very interesting. sonal feelings· about a tax cut? Mr. SEVAREID. Mr. Speaker, I gather it is He said that when Thomas Jefferson came Mr. RAYBURN·. I don't want a tax cut if your view then that the Russians have been here to be inaugurated, he hitched his horse we can avoid it. If we can't pull out of this outfacing us in propaganda and in psycho to a hitching post. He said some vandals thing without a tax cut, then I will be for it. logical terms all around the world rather had removed that hitching post. There in an Mr. SEVAREm. And you would wait until badly. Does this in your mind then lead inference, a historic inference around this when, summer? you to the firm feeling that we are going Capitol, at one time some vandals took that Mr. RAYBURN. No; I don't think we can wait to have a summit conference, that we ought down to make room for expansion of the east, that long. I think we have got to make a to have one? the north, and the south fronts, and he said determination of this in April or early May. Mr. RAYBURN. Well, it has been my thought . also there was a rail fence around part of Mr. SEVAREm. That would be a problem for all the time that with Russia propagandizing the Capitol one time, and when Lincoln this session, however, to face. the world and beating us in propaganda, I came here to be inaugurated as President, Mr. RAYBURN. That.would be a problem -for will say, because they put themselves up as they knew he liked rails, and they took an this session; y~s. the people who want to bring about peace, exhibit to him and he said some vandals had Mr. SEVAREID. You have seen this country which we now doubt if they do-they have . taken that down and probably put it into go through a lot of economic changes, Mr. been beating us, and they are selling their ashes. Speaker. Do you think there is any chance produce to the world, to a very great ex Now I think that the east front should be · at all we could go into another really deep tent, and it disturbs me very much. extended. I think I know from talking to depression? I think we have ultimately got to have the best engineers I know and the best ex Mr. RAYBURN. If we hadn't taken the action another summit conference, and the sooner perts that the east front of the Capitol is that we have taken, I mean this Democratic we .get a:Q. agreement with Russia on what beginning to be a hazard. Congress, and hadn't of done it hurriedly, I we are talking about and to get at. it, I I saw the other day two chunks of stone, think we were on our way to a deep depres think the best it will be.for the United States that sandstone, that had fallen out o(those sion. of America. columns, eac;h one of them as big as each . I have the faith to believe that we are . We just cannot allow Russia to create the one of my fists. Well, now they deface the . going to put enough people to work, we are impression in the world, and a lot of people Capitol by going and filling up those holes going to get enough people the buying power don't know us much better than they know with concrete and painting over it. Now if that in all probability in April or May or the Russians, that they are the peace party 35 coats of paint doesn't deface that sand June we will r.e.ach the bottom of this thing and the peace people of the world, and they stone that the east front · of the Capitol is and may start up. I am hoping that. want to stop the ghastliness of war, and made out of, I don't see how you could de It doesn't make any

- -. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6331 that talk about defacement and vandalism, globe. The occasional bloody outbursts Jefferson Davis High School, of Hous we wouldn't have had any place to work on in the past between sister republics in the ton. the Hill. Mr. SEVAREID. Well, my brief reading of Western Hemisphere prove that we do Forty-one members of this excellent history teaches me that SAM RAYBURN, of not enjoy some special immunity from marching group spent 4 days in Wash Texas, usually gets what he wants on this mankind's failings. ington. It was my great honor to wel Capitol Hill. I suspect, Mr. Speaker, the With this in mind, the achievements come them, and to manage a visit around east front will be changed. I want to thank of the Organization of American States the Capitol. you very much for taking this time on this in preserving peace and promoting the The young ladies also visited Mount anniversary program for Capitol Cloak well-being of the hemisphere's inhabi Vernon, the Library of Congress, the Room. We are all highly honored. Thank you. tants come into sharper focus. The fact Supreme Court, the Bureau of Engrav Mr. RAYBURN. Thank you. of 21 countries, weak and strong alike, ing, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, meeting as sovereign equals to iron out and other places of historical interest in their differences and to cooperate for this area. mutual benefits is an amazing innovation They were accompanied by two ca in internationaf affairs. The willingness pabie and charming sponsors, Mrs. Lor Pan-American Day of the member States to permit OAS in raine Nix and Miss Frances Newton. tervention to settle disputes peaceably is Mr. Speaker, the growing practice of EXTENSION OF REMARKS a most gratifying international develop school groups throughout the country OF ment. visiting the Nation's Capital is a won The anniversary of the Organization of derful thing. A visit to Washington HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER American States is a time to recall with gives to these young people a deeper ap OF NEW YORK pardonable pride the unusual accom preciation of our Government and what IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plishments of our inter-American re it means to every citizen. · The great ·Monday, April14, 1958 gional syst~m. It is a time for thank buildings and monuments here are more fulness that we in the New World have than stone and mortar. They are living Mr. 'MULTER. Mr. Speaker, April 14 achieved a · degree of international ma symbols of our great Government. I marks the 68th anniversary of the inter turity ·not vouchsafed to more turbulent wish every school group in the country American system. We have come to regions of the woi-Id. Above all, it is a could have an opportunity of visiting look upon 68 years, about the lifetime of time for rededication to Pan-American Washington. a man, as a short span in the sweep of ideals and goals so that our remarkable The young ladies who were a part · history. But as international organiza regional organization may continue to of the Carlton Cadettes visiting Wash tions go, more than two-thirds of a cen fiourish. ington were: Mary Helen Adame, Mi tury is indeed an existence record. chelle Beere, Elaine Blum, Sandra Bond, Our Western Hemisphere organization Vivian Brewer,. Diane Camp, Edith Col has much more to recommend it besides Carlton CadeHes Visit \Vashington lings, Beverly Cox, Judy Dawson, Bar longevity. As we observe the havoc bara Foster, Jo Ann Francis, Peggy wreaked in other regions of the world EXTENSION OF REMARKS Frantis, Jerri Glodfelty, Jane Hight, Syl by hostilities, prejudices and envy, we via Holder, Lee Ann Jett, Janet Kasper, must rejoice at the effectiveness of our OF Sandra Kreinop, LaJuan Krus, Sally own unique system of international liv HON. ALBERT THOMAS . McClung, Barbara McKeehan, Sharon ing. However, ·the contrast between the OF TEXAS Merchant, Nita Monkres, Betty Mont peace and cooperation which prevails on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gomery, Kay Moseley, Liz Nias, Carol the inter-American scene with the an Pettigrew, Joyce Robinson, Mary Ann tagonisms and rivalries in other parts of Monday, April14, 1958 Sands, Carol Schroder, Mignon Seymour, the world is by no means an inherent Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, during Simone Simon, Pat Smith, Wanda situation. American nations are subject the Easter recess it was my pleasure to Speer, Barbara Spencer, Patsy St.ewart, to the same national ambitions and entertain in Washington the senior Lynn Taylor, Nancie Truss, Joy Wal temptations' that ~xist elsewhere on the members of the Carlton Cadettes of the kinshaw, Ann Wilkerson, Margie ·zarco.

zens of our great country an unshaken S. 2725. An act to exempt from taxation SENATE belief in Thee and an unswerving devo certain property of the National Council of tion to Thee and to all things divinely Negro Women, Inc., in the District of Co TuESDAY, APRIL 15, 1~58 lumbia; and beautiful and true and good. Amen. S. 3243. ' An act to permit certain foreign Rev. K. K. Haddaway, D. D., minister, students to attend the District of Columbia Wesley Methodist Church, Washington, Teachers College on the same basis as a resi THE JOURNAL dent of the District of Columbia. D. C., offered the ~ollowing prayer: The message also announced that the Infinite ·Father of us all, .we would bow On request. of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, humbly before Thee on this, another day. and by unanimous consent, the reading House had passed the bill