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Cultural Resources for Work Projects in the Plum Creek Timber Company's Windsor Tract, East

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Cultural Resources for Work Projects in the Plum Creek Timber Company's Windsor Tract, East FINAL Cultural Resource Services for Work Projects in the Plum Creek Timber Company’s Windsor Tract, East Alachua County, Florida SEARCH PROJECT # 3084_13168P PREPARED FOR PLUM CREEK TIMBER COMPANY, INC. PREPARED BY SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, INC. ___________________________________ LISABETH CARLSON, PHD, RPA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NICHOLAS LINVILLE, M.A. HISTORIAN RYAN VAN DYKE, M.A. ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN WWW.SEARCHINC.COM NOVEMBER 2013 Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. November 2013 Reconnaissance Survey of Windsor Tract, Plum Creek Timber Company Final Report REPORT PREPARERS AND PROJECT PARTICIPANTS Report Preparation GIS Lisabeth Carlson Christopher F. Altes Nicholas Linville Ryan Van Dyke Historian Bruce Nodine Nicholas Linville Technical Editing and Peer Review Architectural Historian Ed Salo Ryan Van Dyke Bruce Nodine Joshua Torres Administration and Logistics Bruce Nodine Lisa McNeely iii November 2013 Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. Final Report Reconnaissance Survey of Windsor Tract, Plum Creek Timber Company This page intentionally left blank. iv Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. November 2013 Reconnaissance Survey of Windsor Tract, Plum Creek Timber Company Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Report Preparers and Project Participants ..................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Document Organization ............................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2: Project Location and Environment ............................................................................... 7 Area Descriptions (1 through 5) ................................................................................................ 7 Modern Environment of East Alachua County ....................................................................... 11 Paleoenvironment .................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 3: Historic Overview ........................................................................................................ 19 Native American Culture History ............................................................................................ 19 Paleoindian Period (10,000–8000 B.C.) ............................................................................ 19 Archaic Period (8000–500 B.C.) ........................................................................................ 20 Woodland (500 B.C.–A.D. 600) ......................................................................................... 22 Mississippian Period (A.D. 600–1539) .............................................................................. 24 Post‐Contact History in Alachua County ................................................................................. 25 First Spanish Period, 1513‐1763 ....................................................................................... 25 British Period, 1763‐1784 ................................................................................................. 27 Second Spanish Period, 1784‐1821 .................................................................................. 27 Early American Period, 1821‐1845 ................................................................................... 28 Statehood to the Civil War, 1845‐1865 ............................................................................ 29 Post‐Civil War to the Early Twentieth Century, 1865‐1929 .............................................. 31 Great Depression to the Present, 1929‐2012 ................................................................... 32 Historic Communities in Vicinity of the Plum Creek Project Area .......................................... 33 Hawthorne ........................................................................................................................ 33 Campville ........................................................................................................................... 37 Rex ..................................................................................................................................... 39 Orange Heights ................................................................................................................. 39 Windsor ............................................................................................................................. 40 Rochelle ............................................................................................................................. 42 Grove Park ......................................................................................................................... 43 Phifer ................................................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 4: Research Design and Preliminary Background Work ................................................. 45 Previous Surveys Recorded with Florida Master Site Files ..................................................... 45 Historic Map and Aerial Photograph Review .......................................................................... 48 Historic Maps .................................................................................................................... 49 v November 2013 Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. Final Report Reconnaissance Survey of Windsor Tract, Plum Creek Timber Company Historic Aerials .................................................................................................................. 52 Archaeological Model (Probability Areas) .............................................................................. 59 Soil Drainage ..................................................................................................................... 59 Proximity to Water ............................................................................................................ 60 Relative Elevation ............................................................................................................. 60 Final Model ....................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 5: Recorded Cultural Resources ...................................................................................... 67 Previously Recorded Archaeological Resources ..................................................................... 67 Archaeological Materials Within or on the Boundary of the Windsor Tract .................... 67 Significant Archaeological Sites Within the One‐mile Buffer of the Windsor Tract ......... 70 Previously Recorded Structures .............................................................................................. 72 NRHP Listed Structures within One‐Mile Buffer Zone of the Project Area ...................... 74 Eligible or Likely Eligible Structures within 200 m of the Project Area ............................. 74 Previously Recorded Bridges, Roads, and Railway Corridors ................................................. 75 Previously Recorded Cemeteries ............................................................................................ 78 Chapter 6: Unrecorded Potential Cultural Resources .................................................................. 81 Potential Archaeological Resources: Site Probability Model .................................................. 81 Area 1 ................................................................................................................................ 82 Area 2 ................................................................................................................................ 84 Area 3 ................................................................................................................................ 86 Area 4 ................................................................................................................................ 88 Area 5 ................................................................................................................................ 90 Potential Historic Properties ................................................................................................... 92 Early Landowners: Nineteenth‐Century Land Patents ..................................................... 92 Unrecorded Cemeteries .................................................................................................... 98 Potential Unrecorded Historic Structures, Roads, Railways, and Bridges ...................... 102 Chapter 7: Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 117 References Cited ........................................................................................................................
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