DOCSLIB.ORG

Hylobates Muelleri ) Female Calls

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hylobates Muelleri ) Female Calls Erschienen in: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ; 144 (2018), 2. - S. 698-708 https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5049578 Understanding sources of variance and correlation among features of Bornean gibbon ( Hylobates muelleri ) female calls Dena J. Clink,1, a) Mark N. Grote,1 Margaret C. Crofoot,1, b) and Andrew J. Marshall2 1Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA 2Department of Anthropology, Program in the Environment, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA Acoustic signals serve important functions in mate choice, resource defense, and species recogni- tion. Quantifying patterns and sources of variation in acoustic signals can advance understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape behavioral diversity more broadly. Animal vocalization data- sets are inherently multivariate and hierarchical, wherein multiple features are estimated from calls of many individuals across different recording locations. Patterns of variation within different hier- archical levels—notwithstanding the challenges they present for modeling and inference—can pro- vide insight into processes shaping vocal variation. The current work presents a multivariate, variance components model to investigate three levels of variance (within-female, between-female, and between-site) in Bornean gibbon calls. For six of the eight features estimated from call spectro- grams, between-female variance was the most important contributor to total variance. For one fea- ture, trill rate, there were site-level differences, which may be related to geographic isolation of certain gibbon populations. There was also a negative relationship between trill rate and duration of the introduction, suggesting trade-offs in the production of gibbon calls. Given substantial inter- individual variation in gibbon calls, it seems likely that there has been selection to confer informa- tion regarding caller identity, but mechanisms leading to site-level variation in trill rate remain to be determined. I. INTRODUCTION Sun et al. , 2013 ), and mice (e.g., singing mice, Scotinomys teguina , Campbell et al. , 2010 ). In non-human primates, evi- Quantifying the sources of variation in animal vocaliza- dence for geographic variation in vocalizations has been tions is of broad interest to ecologists and evolutionary biol- found in tarsiers ( Tarsius tarsier; Burton and Nietsch, 2010 ), ogists, due to the important role vocalizations play in a pygmy marmosets ( Cebuella pygmaea ; de la Torre and diverse set of biological and behavioral processes such as Snowdon, 2009 ), Thomas langurs ( Presbytis thomasi; Wich mate choice, resource defense, and species recognition et al. , 2008 ), gibbons ( Hylobates spp.; Dallmann and (Wilkins et al. , 2012 ). Animal vocal communication systems Geissmann, 2009 ; Heller et al. , 2010 ), orangutans ( Pongo are ideal for testing hypotheses related to the evolution and spp.; Delgado, 2007 ), and chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes; maintenance of behavioral diversity, as acoustic data are Mitani et al. , 1999 ). Differences in ecology may lead to sub- often easier to collect that other types of behavioral data. stantial variation in acoustic parameters between geographi- Like other types of behavioral data, acoustic signals may cally distinct populations (the acoustic adaptation hypothesis; vary across sites or populations, individuals may exhibit dis- Morton, 1975 ), but such patterns can also arise through the tinct call features, and signals may vary across different tem- accumulation of random changes in call structure over time poral scales or in response to different social conditions. (i.e., behavioral drift, Yurk et al. , 2002 ). Directional and ran- Understanding how call features vary across sites, individu- dom evolutionary processes need not be mutually exclusive. It als and contexts is a crucial first step for testing hypotheses is reasonable to predict that certain aspects of calls, such as related to the evolution of call diversity. Geographic variation in vocalizations has been docu- the spectral properties or note repetition rate, will be influ- mented across a wide range of taxa including birds (greenish enced by the environment ( Boncoraglio and Saino, 2007 ). For warblers, Phylloscopus trochiloides, Irwin et al. , 2008 ; example, forest habitats have greater reverberation than open Amazon parrots, Amazona auropalliata , Wright et al. , 2001 ), habitats, and higher frequencies attenuate more quickly in for- bats (greater horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, ested environments ( Marten and Marler, 1977 ), which may select for calls with fewer repeated elements and lower fre- quencies. Other aspects of the calls, such as note duration or sequential order of call types, may be more influenced by drift a) Also at: Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Laboratory of (e.g., Slabbekoorn and Smith, 2002 ). Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected] In addition to population-level variation in call struc- b) Also at: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. ture, substantial between-individual variation is expected 698 Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-194szlsqem7k93 when calls transmit information regarding individual identity and Schilling, 1984; Geissmann, 1984) and do not require a (Tibbetts and Dale, 2007). Vocal individuality has been substantial learning component—but see Koda et al. documented in a variety of nonhuman primates, including (2013)—which means that they may be more appropriate mouse lemurs ( Microcebus murinus ; Leliveld et al. , 2011 ), models for understanding the evolutionary sources of varia- ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta; Macedonia, 1986), tarsiers tion in vocal behavior, relative to vocal learners such as (Tarsius syrichta; Reh akov a-Petr u˚ et al. , 2012 ), squirrel songbirds. Similar to most studies of variation in animal monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus; Symmes et al. , 1979 ), baboons vocalizations, our data exhibited a multi-level, multivariate (Papio cynocephalus; Fischer et al. , 2002 ; Semple, 2001), structure because we estimated multiple features from each Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata; Ceugniet and Izumi, call and analyzed replicate calls from multiple females at 2004), gibbons ( Hylobates spp.; Haimoff and Gittins, 1985; multiple sites. To understand how variance in call features Haimoff and Tilson, 1985; Dallmann and Geissmann, 2009; was partitioned at each level, as well as to investigate the Terleph et al. , 2015 ; Clink et al. , 2017a) , orangutans ( Pongo covariance among features, we developed a Bayesian multi- pygmaeus; Lameira and Wich, 2008), gorillas ( Gorilla variate, variance components model. We estimated intraclass gorilla; Salmi et al. , 2014 ), and chimpanzees ( Pan troglo- correlation coefficients for eight features based on posterior dytes; Mitani et al. , 1996 ). Indeed, most vocal animals that samples generated by a Hamiltonian Markov-chain Monte have been examined exhibit vocal individuality, and there is Carlo method, allowing us to make inferences regarding var- evidence via playback experiments that primates can distin- iance partitioning at each level ( Merlo et al. , 2005 ). We also guish between individuals solely on the basis of their vocal- estimated correlation matrices for features at each of our izations (Cheney and Seyfarth, 1980 , 1999; Rendall et al. , three levels of analysis, which provide insight into possible 1996). Importantly, strong patterns of variation at the tradeoffs inherent to gibbon call production. The benefits of individual-level do not preclude variation at other levels, our approach include the ability to estimate variance, along such as between-population or between-site variation with uncertainty, of each call feature for each level of analy- (Tibbetts and Dale, 2007). sis, while simultaneously investigating correlations among Studies of animal vocalizations generally result in data call features across each level. with a hierarchical structure, wherein there are replicate calls from multiple individuals, often from multiple populations II. MATERIALS AND METHODS or sites (Mundry and Sommer, 2007 ). This produces nested clusters of calls that, despite being statistically non- A. Study subjects and data collection independent, can reveal important sources of variation D.J.C. collected recordings from unhabituated gibbons (Merlo et al. , 2005 ). Pairs of features (such as note duration at seven sites across Sabah, Malaysia during multiple field and frequency) within a call may also exhibit non- seasons from January 2013 to September 2016 (map shown independence, and patterns of variation and co-variation in Fig. 1; site information listed in Table I). We recorded within and among clusters may hint at underlying ecological vocalizations at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz and 16-bit size and evolutionary processes. While vocalizations are gener- using a Marantz PMD 660 flash recorder (Marantz, ally considered to be more plastic than many other pheno- Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan) equipped with a typic traits, they are still constrained by genetic variation Røde NTG-2 directional condenser microphone (Røde and mechanical limits of sound production ( Podos et al. , Microphones, Sydney, Australia).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversification Under Sexual Selection: the Relative Roles of Mate Preference Strength and the Degree of Divergence in Mate Preferences Rafael L
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Eileen Hebets Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences 2013 Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences Rafael L. Rodríguez University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, [email protected] Janette W. Boughman Michigan State University, [email protected] David A. Gray California State University Northridge, [email protected] Eileen A. Hebets University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Gerlinde Höbel University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons Rodríguez, Rafael L.; Boughman, Janette W.; Gray, David A.; Hebets, Eileen A.; Höbel, Gerlinde; and Symes, Laurel B., "Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences" (2013). Eileen Hebets Publications. 71. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/71 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eileen Hebets Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Rafael L. Rodríguez, Janette W. Boughman, David A. Gray, Eileen A. Hebets, Gerlinde Höbel, and Laurel B. Symes This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/71 Ecology Letters, (2013) 16: 964–974 doi: 10.1111/ele.12142 IDEA AND PERSPECTIVE Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences Abstract Rafael L.
    [Show full text]
  • Disruptive Sexual Selection Against Hybrids Contributes to Speciation Between Heliconius Cydno and Heliconius Melpomene Russell E
    doi 10.1098/rspb.2001.1753 Disruptive sexual selection against hybrids contributes to speciation between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene Russell E. Naisbit1*, Chris D. Jiggins1,2 and James Mallet1,2 1The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK 2SmithsonianTropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama Understanding the fate of hybrids in wild populations is fundamental to understanding speciation. Here we provide evidence for disruptive sexual selection against hybrids between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene. The two species are sympatric across most of Central and Andean South America, and coexist despite a low level of hybridization. No-choice mating experiments show strong assortative mating between the species. Hybrids mate readily with one another, but both sexes show a reduction in mating success of over 50% with the parental species. Mating preference is associated with a shift in the adult colour pattern, which is involved in predator defence through MÏllerian mimicry, but also strongly a¡ects male courtship probability. The hybrids, which lie outside the curve of protection a¡orded by mimetic resemblance to the parental species, are also largely outside the curves of parental mating prefer- ence. Disruptive sexual selection against F1 hybrids therefore forms an additional post-mating barrier to gene £ow, blurring the distinction between pre-mating and post-mating isolation, and helping to main- tain the distinctness of these hybridizing species. Keywords: Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae; hybridization; mate choice; post-mating isolation; pre-mating isolation Rather less experimental work has investigated mate 1. INTRODUCTION choice during speciation and the possibility of the third Studies of recently diverged species are increasingly type of selection against hybrids: disruptive sexual select- producing examples of sympatric species that hybridize in ion.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for Environmental and Ecological Selection in a Microbe with No Geographic Limits to Gene Flow
    Evidence for environmental and ecological selection in a microbe with no geographic limits to gene flow Kerry A. Whittakera,1 and Tatiana A. Rynearsona,2 aGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882 Edited by Paul G. Falkowski, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, and approved January 5, 2017 (received for review July 26, 2016) The ability for organisms to disperse throughout their environment generating and maintaining diversity within and among species is thought to strongly influence population structure and thus evo- (14). Emerging genomic and transcriptomic evidence points to lution of diversity within species. A decades-long debate surrounds the functional and metabolic diversity of marine microbes and processes that generate and support high microbial diversity, par- the potential for niche differentiation in the marine environment ticularly in the ocean. The debate concerns whether diversification (15, 16). However, despite the evolutionary significance of en- occurs primarily through geographic partitioning (where distance vironmental selection, its role in structuring populations within limits gene flow) or through environmental selection, and remains species occupying the high dispersal environment of the global unresolved due to lack of empirical data. Here we show that gene ocean remains unclear. The additional role of dispersal and ge- flow in a diatom, an ecologically important eukaryotic microbe, is ography in structuring populations throughout the global ocean not limited by global-scale geographic distance. Instead, environ- has added complexity to the debate (5, 17, 18). mental and ecological selection likely play a more significant role This debate is particularly relevant to phytoplankton, free- than dispersal in generating and maintaining diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Selection in Females
    Animal Behaviour 77 (2009) 3–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yanbe Reviews Sexual selection in females Tim Clutton-Brock* Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge article info Darwin developed the theory of sexual selection to account for the evolution of weaponry, ornamen- Article history: tation and other secondary sexual characters that are commonly more developed in males and which Received 28 April 2008 appeared unlikely to contribute to survival. He argued that these traits had evolved either through Initial acceptance 25 May 2008 intrasexual competition between males to monopolize access to females or through consistent female Final acceptance 27 August 2008 preferences for mating with superior partners. Since 1871, a substantial body of research has confirmed Published online 31 October 2008 his explanation of the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males, although sex differences in MS. number: 08-00267 reproductive behaviour are more diverse and the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for them are more complex than was initially recognized. However, secondary sexual characters are also widespread Keywords: in females but, as yet, their evolution and distribution have received relatively little attention from gender differences evolutionary biologists. Here, I suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of secondary intrasexual competition sexual characters in females are similar to those operating in males and include intrasexual competition mate choice sex roles between females for breeding opportunities, male mating preferences and female competition to attract sexual selection mates. Unlike males, females often compete more intensely for resources necessary for successful reproduction than for access to mating partners and the development of secondary sexual characters in females may be limited by costs to fecundity rather than to survival.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Speciation with Gene Flow in Neodiprion Pinetum and N. Lecontei
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Biology Biology 2020 FROM GENES TO SPECIES: ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION WITH GENE FLOW IN NEODIPRION PINETUM AND N. LECONTEI Emily E. Bendall University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-088X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2020.221 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bendall, Emily E., "FROM GENES TO SPECIES: ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION WITH GENE FLOW IN NEODIPRION PINETUM AND N. LECONTEI" (2020). Theses and Dissertations--Biology. 62. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/62 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Biology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Speciation
    International Journal of Ecology Ecological Speciation Guest Editors: Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Ecological Speciation International Journal of Ecology Ecological Speciation Guest Editors: Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “International Journal of Ecology.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Mariana Amato, Italy Jean-Guy Godin, Canada Panos V. Petrakis, Greece Madhur Anand, Canada David Goldstein, USA Daniel I. Rubenstein, USA Joseph R. Bidwell, USA Shibu Jose, USA Herman H. Shugart, USA L. M. Chu, Hong Kong Chandra Prakash Kala, India Andrew Sih, USA Jean Clobert, France Pavlos Kassomenos, Greece R.C. Sihag, India Michel Couderchet, France Thomas H. Kunz, USA C. ter Braak, The Netherlands Ronald D. Delaune, USA Bruce D. Leopold, USA John Whitaker, USA Andrew Denham, Australia A. E. Lugo, USA Walter Whitford, USA Mark A. Elgar, Australia Patricia Mosto, USA J. J. Wiens, USA Jingyun Fang, China Mats Olsson, Australia Xiaozhang Yu, China Contents Factors Influencing Progress toward Ecological Speciation, Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Volume 2012, Article ID 235010, 7 pages The Role of Parasitism in Adaptive RadiationsWhen Might Parasites Promote and When Might They Constrain Ecological Speciation?, Anssi Karvonen and Ole Seehausen Volume 2012, Article ID 280169, 20 pages Parallel Ecological Speciation in Plants?, Katherine L. Ostevik, Brook T. Moyers, Gregory L. Owens, and Loren H.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraordinarily Rapid Speciation in a Marine Fish
    Extraordinarily rapid speciation in a marine fish Paolo Momiglianoa,1, Henri Jokinenb,2, Antoine Fraimoutc,2, Ann-Britt Florind, Alf Norkkob,e, and Juha Meriläa aEcological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; bTvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-10900 Hanko, Finland; cInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement /Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), FR-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; dDepartment of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden; and eBaltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden Edited by Dolph Schluter, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Douglas Futuyma April 25, 2017 (received for review September 20, 2016) Divergent selection may initiate ecological speciation extremely enhances divergence at increasingly weakly selected loci, which in rapidly. How often and at what pace ecological speciation proceeds turn reduces gene flow (4). to yield strong reproductive isolation is more uncertain. Here, we In the marine environment, evidence for ecological speciation is document a case of extraordinarily rapid speciation associated with scarce (8). This is somehow surprising: barriers to gene flow are ecological selection in the postglacial Baltic Sea. European flounders rarely absolute in the sea, hence models of speciation that can (Platichthys flesus) in the Baltic exhibit two contrasting reproductive operate in the presence of gene flow, such as ecological speciation, behaviors: pelagic and demersal spawning. Demersal spawning en- are likely to be important in explaining marine biodiversity (8).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Evidence of Correlational Selection and Ecological Segregation Between Dextral and Sinistral Forms in a Polymorphic flatfish, Platichthys Stellatus
    doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01290.x Morphological evidence of correlational selection and ecological segregation between dextral and sinistral forms in a polymorphic flatfish, Platichthys stellatus C. A. BERGSTROM Systematics & Evolution Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada and Bamfield Marine Science Center, Bamfield, BC, Canada Keywords: Abstract asymmetry; Phenotypic polymorphisms in natural systems are often maintained by competition; ecological selection, but only if niche segregation between morphs exists. correlational selection; Polymorphism for eyed-side direction is rare among the 700 species of ecomorphology; flatfish (Pleuronectiformes), and the evolutionary mechanisms that maintain Pleuronectiformes; it are unknown. Platichthys stellatus (starry flounder) is a polymorphic trophic specialization. pleuronectid flatfish exhibiting large, clinal variation in proportion of left- eyed (sinistral) morphs, from 50% in California to 100% in Japan. Here I examined multiple traits related to swimming and foraging performance between sinistral and dextral morphs of P. stellatus from 12 sites to investigate if the two morphs differ in ways that may affect function and ecology. Direction of body asymmetry was correlated with several other characters: on an average, dextral morphs had longer, wider caudal peduncles, shorter snouts and fewer gill rakers than sinistral morphs. Although the differences were small in magnitude, they were consistent in direction across samples, implying that dextral
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Evolution of Sexual Isolation in Sticklebacks
    Evolution, 59(2), 2005, pp. 361±373 PARALLEL EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL ISOLATION IN STICKLEBACKS JANETTE WENRICK BOUGHMAN,1,2 HOWARD D. RUNDLE,3,4 AND DOLPH SCHLUTER5,6 1Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 4E-mail: [email protected] 5Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada 6E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Mechanisms of speciation are not well understood, despite decades of study. Recent work has focused on how natural and sexual selection cause sexual isolation. Here, we investigate the roles of divergent natural and sexual selection in the evolution of sexual isolation between sympatric species of threespine sticklebacks. We test the importance of morphological and behavioral traits in conferring sexual isolation and examine to what extent these traits have diverged in parallel between multiple, independently evolved species pairs. We use the patterns of evolution in ecological and mating traits to infer the likely nature of selection on sexual isolation. Strong parallel evolution implicates ecologically based divergent natural and/or sexual selection, whereas arbitrary directionality implicates nonecological sexual selection or drift. In multiple pairs we ®nd that sexual isolation arises in the same way: assortative mating on body size and asymmetric isolation due to male nuptial color. Body size and color have diverged in a strongly parallel manner, similar to ecological traits. The data implicate ecologically based divergent natural and sexual selection as engines of speciation in this group. Key words. Body size, courtship behavior, divergent natural selection, divergent sexual selection, nuptial color, sexual isolation, speciation.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptive Speciation Theory: a Conceptual Review
    Adaptive speciation theory: a conceptual review Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ISSN 0340-5443 Volume 65 Number 3 Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2010) 65:461-480 DOI 10.1007/ s00265-010-1125-7 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The Author(s). This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2011) 65:461–480 DOI 10.1007/s00265-010-1125-7 REVIEW Adaptive speciation theory: a conceptual review Franz J. Weissing & Pim Edelaar & G. Sander van Doorn Received: 8 May 2010 /Revised: 17 November 2010 /Accepted: 22 November 2010 /Published online: 5 January 2011 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Speciation—the origin of new species—is the resulting daughter species in the face of interspecific source of the diversity of life. A theory of speciation is competition, but they are often vague about the evolution essential to link poorly understood macro-evolutionary of reproductive isolation. Most sexual selection models of processes, such as the origin of biodiversity and adaptive speciation focus on the diversification of mating strategies radiation, to well understood micro-evolutionary processes, through divergent sexual selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Speciation
    Ecology Letters, (2005) 8: 336–352 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00715.x REVIEW Ecological speciation Abstract Howard D. Rundle1* and Patrik Ecological processes are central to the formation of new species when barriers to gene Nosil2 flow (reproductive isolation) evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based 1Department of Zoology and divergent selection. Although laboratory and field studies provide evidence that Entomology, University of Ôecological speciationÕ can occur, our understanding of the details of the process is Queensland, Brisbane, incomplete. Here we review ecological speciation by considering its constituent Queensland 4072, Australia components: an ecological source of divergent selection, a form of reproductive 2Department of Biological isolation, and a genetic mechanism linking the two. Sources of divergent selection Sciences, Simon Fraser include differences in environment or niche, certain forms of sexual selection, and the University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada ecological interaction of populations. We explore the evidence for the contribution of *Correspondence: E-mail: each to ecological speciation. Forms of reproductive isolation are diverse and we discuss [email protected] the likelihood that each may be involved in ecological speciation. Divergent selection on genes affecting ecological traits can be transmitted directly (via pleiotropy) or indirectly (via linkage disequilibrium) to genes causing reproductive isolation and we explore the consequences of both. Along with these components, we also discuss the geography and the genetic basis of ecological speciation. Throughout, we provide examples from nature, critically evaluate their quality, and highlight areas where more work is required. Keywords Divergent selection, natural selection, reinforcement, reproductive isolation, sexual selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism and the Evolutionary Basis of Ecological Speciation
    Biol. Rev. (2015), 90, pp. 1248–1262. 1248 doi: 10.1111/brv.12154 Phylogenetic niche conservatism and the evolutionary basis of ecological speciation R. Alexander Pyron1,∗, Gabriel C. Costa2, Michael A. Patten3,4 and Frank T. Burbrink5,6 1Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A. 2Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociˆencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universit´ario Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 3Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, 111 E. Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK 73019, U.S.A. 4Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, U.S.A. 5Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. 6Department of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) typically refers to the tendency of closely related species to be more similar to each other in terms of niche than they are to more distant relatives. This has been implicated as a potential driving force in speciation and other species-richness patterns, such as latitudinal gradients. However, PNC has not been very well defined in most previous studies. Is it a pattern or a process? What are the underlying endogenous (e.g. genetic) and exogenous (e.g. ecological) factors that cause niches to be conserved? What degree of similarity is necessary to qualify as PNC? Is it possible for the evolutionary processes causing niches to be conserved to also result in niche divergence in different habitats? Here, we revisit these questions, codifying a theoretical and operational definition of PNC as a mechanistic evolutionary process resulting from several factors.
    [Show full text]