Adaptive Speciation Theory: a Conceptual Review
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Of Socially Selected Traits Via Indirect Genetic Effects
Social runaway: Fisherian elaboration (or reduction) of socially selected traits via indirect genetic effects Nathan W. Bailey1,2 and Mathias Kölliker3 1Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, United Kingdom 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Natural History Museum Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland RUNNING TITLE Social Runaway via Indirect Genetic Effects AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS NWB and MK conceived the idea for the study, constructed the models, and wrote the manuscript. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Graeme D. Ruxton and Michael B. Morrissey for valuable discussion and advice. Two associate editors, Louis Miguel-Chevin and Jarle Tufto, three anonymous reviewers, and the Editor in Chief Mohamed Noor provided helpful remarks that improved the study. NWB was funded by fellowships from the UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G014906/1 and NE/L011255/1]. DATA ACCESSIBILITY No data are associated with the manuscript. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/evo.13791. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Social runaway: Fisherian elaboration (or reduction) of socially selected traits via indirect genetic effects Our understanding of the evolutionary stability of socially-selected traits is dominated by sexual selection models originating with R. A. Fisher, in which genetic covariance arising through assortative mating can trigger exponential, runaway trait evolution. To examine whether non- reproductive, socially-selected traits experience similar dynamics—social runaway—when assortative mating does not automatically generate a covariance, we modelled the evolution of socially-selected badge and donation phenotypes incorporating indirect genetic effects (IGEs) arising from the social environment. -
Diversification Under Sexual Selection: the Relative Roles of Mate Preference Strength and the Degree of Divergence in Mate Preferences Rafael L
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Eileen Hebets Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences 2013 Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences Rafael L. Rodríguez University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, [email protected] Janette W. Boughman Michigan State University, [email protected] David A. Gray California State University Northridge, [email protected] Eileen A. Hebets University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Gerlinde Höbel University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons Rodríguez, Rafael L.; Boughman, Janette W.; Gray, David A.; Hebets, Eileen A.; Höbel, Gerlinde; and Symes, Laurel B., "Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences" (2013). Eileen Hebets Publications. 71. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/71 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eileen Hebets Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Rafael L. Rodríguez, Janette W. Boughman, David A. Gray, Eileen A. Hebets, Gerlinde Höbel, and Laurel B. Symes This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/71 Ecology Letters, (2013) 16: 964–974 doi: 10.1111/ele.12142 IDEA AND PERSPECTIVE Diversification under sexual selection: the relative roles of mate preference strength and the degree of divergence in mate preferences Abstract Rafael L. -
Disruptive Sexual Selection Against Hybrids Contributes to Speciation Between Heliconius Cydno and Heliconius Melpomene Russell E
doi 10.1098/rspb.2001.1753 Disruptive sexual selection against hybrids contributes to speciation between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene Russell E. Naisbit1*, Chris D. Jiggins1,2 and James Mallet1,2 1The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK 2SmithsonianTropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama Understanding the fate of hybrids in wild populations is fundamental to understanding speciation. Here we provide evidence for disruptive sexual selection against hybrids between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene. The two species are sympatric across most of Central and Andean South America, and coexist despite a low level of hybridization. No-choice mating experiments show strong assortative mating between the species. Hybrids mate readily with one another, but both sexes show a reduction in mating success of over 50% with the parental species. Mating preference is associated with a shift in the adult colour pattern, which is involved in predator defence through MÏllerian mimicry, but also strongly a¡ects male courtship probability. The hybrids, which lie outside the curve of protection a¡orded by mimetic resemblance to the parental species, are also largely outside the curves of parental mating prefer- ence. Disruptive sexual selection against F1 hybrids therefore forms an additional post-mating barrier to gene £ow, blurring the distinction between pre-mating and post-mating isolation, and helping to main- tain the distinctness of these hybridizing species. Keywords: Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae; hybridization; mate choice; post-mating isolation; pre-mating isolation Rather less experimental work has investigated mate 1. INTRODUCTION choice during speciation and the possibility of the third Studies of recently diverged species are increasingly type of selection against hybrids: disruptive sexual select- producing examples of sympatric species that hybridize in ion. -
The Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism: Understanding Mechanisms of Sexual Shape Differences
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism: Understanding Mechanisms of Sexual Shape Differences Chelsea M. Berns Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55154 1. Introduction Understanding the origin of biodiversity has been a major focus in evolutionary and ecological biology for well over a century and several patterns and mechanisms have been proposed to explain this diversity. Particularly intriguing is the pattern of sexual dimorphism, in which males and females of the same species differ in some trait. Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a pattern that is seen throughout the animal kingdom and is exhibited in a myriad of ways. For example, differences between the sexes in coloration are common in many organisms [1] ranging from poeciliid fishes [2] to dragon flies [3] to eclectus parrots (see Figure 1). A B Figure 1. A) Male Eclectus (© Stijn De Win/Birding2asia) B) Female Eclectus (© James Eaton/Birdtour Asia) © 2013 Berns, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 Sexual Dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is also exhibited in ornamentation, such as the horns of dung beetles [4], the antlers of cervids [5], and the tail of peacocks [6]. Many species also exhibit sexual differences in foraging behavior such as the Russian agamid lizard [7], and parental behavior and territoriality can be dimorphic in species such as hummingbirds [8, 9]. -
Evidence for Environmental and Ecological Selection in a Microbe with No Geographic Limits to Gene Flow
Evidence for environmental and ecological selection in a microbe with no geographic limits to gene flow Kerry A. Whittakera,1 and Tatiana A. Rynearsona,2 aGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882 Edited by Paul G. Falkowski, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, and approved January 5, 2017 (received for review July 26, 2016) The ability for organisms to disperse throughout their environment generating and maintaining diversity within and among species is thought to strongly influence population structure and thus evo- (14). Emerging genomic and transcriptomic evidence points to lution of diversity within species. A decades-long debate surrounds the functional and metabolic diversity of marine microbes and processes that generate and support high microbial diversity, par- the potential for niche differentiation in the marine environment ticularly in the ocean. The debate concerns whether diversification (15, 16). However, despite the evolutionary significance of en- occurs primarily through geographic partitioning (where distance vironmental selection, its role in structuring populations within limits gene flow) or through environmental selection, and remains species occupying the high dispersal environment of the global unresolved due to lack of empirical data. Here we show that gene ocean remains unclear. The additional role of dispersal and ge- flow in a diatom, an ecologically important eukaryotic microbe, is ography in structuring populations throughout the global ocean not limited by global-scale geographic distance. Instead, environ- has added complexity to the debate (5, 17, 18). mental and ecological selection likely play a more significant role This debate is particularly relevant to phytoplankton, free- than dispersal in generating and maintaining diversity. -
Sexual Selection in Females
Animal Behaviour 77 (2009) 3–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yanbe Reviews Sexual selection in females Tim Clutton-Brock* Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge article info Darwin developed the theory of sexual selection to account for the evolution of weaponry, ornamen- Article history: tation and other secondary sexual characters that are commonly more developed in males and which Received 28 April 2008 appeared unlikely to contribute to survival. He argued that these traits had evolved either through Initial acceptance 25 May 2008 intrasexual competition between males to monopolize access to females or through consistent female Final acceptance 27 August 2008 preferences for mating with superior partners. Since 1871, a substantial body of research has confirmed Published online 31 October 2008 his explanation of the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males, although sex differences in MS. number: 08-00267 reproductive behaviour are more diverse and the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for them are more complex than was initially recognized. However, secondary sexual characters are also widespread Keywords: in females but, as yet, their evolution and distribution have received relatively little attention from gender differences evolutionary biologists. Here, I suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of secondary intrasexual competition sexual characters in females are similar to those operating in males and include intrasexual competition mate choice sex roles between females for breeding opportunities, male mating preferences and female competition to attract sexual selection mates. Unlike males, females often compete more intensely for resources necessary for successful reproduction than for access to mating partners and the development of secondary sexual characters in females may be limited by costs to fecundity rather than to survival. -
Ecological Speciation with Gene Flow in Neodiprion Pinetum and N. Lecontei
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Biology Biology 2020 FROM GENES TO SPECIES: ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION WITH GENE FLOW IN NEODIPRION PINETUM AND N. LECONTEI Emily E. Bendall University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-088X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2020.221 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bendall, Emily E., "FROM GENES TO SPECIES: ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION WITH GENE FLOW IN NEODIPRION PINETUM AND N. LECONTEI" (2020). Theses and Dissertations--Biology. 62. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/62 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Biology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
Kin Selection and Sexual Selection
Downloaded from rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org on July 16, 2012 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2012) 367, 2314–2323 doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0281 Review The sociobiology of sex: inclusive fitness consequences of inter-sexual interactions Tommaso Pizzari1,* and Andy Gardner2,3 1Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology and 2Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3Balliol College, University of Oxford, Broad St., Oxford OX1 3BJ, UK The diversity of social interactions between sexual partners has long captivated biologists, and its evolution has been interpreted largely in terms of ‘direct fitness’ pay-offs to partners and their des- cendants. Inter-sexual interactions also have ‘indirect effects’ by affecting the fitness of relatives, with important consequences for inclusive fitness. However, inclusive fitness arguments have received limited consideration in this context, and definitions of ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ fitness effects in this field are often inconsistent with those of inclusive fitness theory. Here, we use a sociobiology approach based on inclusive fitness theory to distinguish between direct and indirect fitness effects. We first consider direct effects: we review how competition leads to sexual conflict, and discuss the conditions under which repression of competition fosters sexual mutualism. We then clarify indirect effects, and show that greenbeard effects, kin recognition and population viscosity can all lead to episodes of indirect selection on sexual interactions creating potential for sexual altruism and spite. We argue that the integration of direct and indirect fitness effects within a sociobiology approach enables us to consider a more diverse spectrum of evolutionary outcomes of sexual interactions, and may help resolving current debates over sexual selection and sexual conflict. -
The Use of Multiple Cues in Mate Choice
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 575–595. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 575 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793103006158 Printed in the United Kingdom The use of multiple cues in mate choice ULRIKA CANDOLIN Department of Ecology and Systematics, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland (e-mail: ulrika.candolin@helsinki.fi) (Received 28 February 2002; revised 12 December 2002; accepted 18 December 2002) ABSTRACT An increasing number of studies find females to base their mate choice on several cues. Why this occurs is debated and many different hypotheses have been proposed. Here I review the hypotheses and the evidence in favour of them. At the same time I provide a new categorisation based on the adaptiveness of the preferences and the information content of the cues. A few comparative and empirical studies suggest that most multiple cues are Fisherian attractiveness cues or uninformative cues that occur alongside a viability indicator and facilitate de- tection, improve signal reception, or are remnants from past selection pressures. However, much evidence exists for multiple cues providing additional information and serving as multiple messages that either indicate general mate quality or enable females that differ in mate preferences to choose the most suitable male. Less evidence exists for multiple cues serving as back-up signals. The importance of receiver psychology, multiple sensory environments and signal interaction in the evolution of multiple cues and preferences has received surprisingly little attention but may be of crucial importance. -
The Landekirkpatrick Mechanism Is
PERSPECTIVE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01054.x THE LANDE–KIRKPATRICK MECHANISM IS THE NULL MODEL OF EVOLUTION BY INTERSEXUAL SELECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR MEANING, HONESTY, AND DESIGN IN INTERSEXUAL SIGNALS Richard O. Prum1,2 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Peabody Natural History Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8150 2E-mail: [email protected] Received December 31, 2009 Accepted May 26, 2010 The Fisher-inspired, arbitrary intersexual selection models of Lande (1981) and Kirkpatrick (1982), including both stable and unstable equilibrium conditions, provide the appropriate null model for the evolution of traits and preferences by intersexual selection. Like the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the Lande–Kirkpatrick (LK) mechanism arises as an intrinsic consequence of genetic variation in trait and preference in the absence of other evolutionary forces. The LK mechanism is equivalent to other intersexual selection mechanisms in the absence of additional selection on preference and with additional trait-viability and preference-viability correlations equal to zero. The LK null model predicts the evolution of arbitrary display traits that are neither honest nor dishonest, indicate nothing other than mating availability, and lack any meaning or design other than their potential to correspond to mating preferences. The current standard for demonstrating an arbitrary trait is impossible to meet because it requires proof of the null hypothesis. The LK null model makes distinct predictions about the evolvability of traits and preferences. Examples of recent intersexual selection research document the confirmationist pitfalls of lacking a null model. Incorporation of the LK null into intersexual selection will contribute to serious examination of the extent to which natural selection on preferences shapes signals. -
Ecological Speciation
International Journal of Ecology Ecological Speciation Guest Editors: Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Ecological Speciation International Journal of Ecology Ecological Speciation Guest Editors: Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “International Journal of Ecology.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Mariana Amato, Italy Jean-Guy Godin, Canada Panos V. Petrakis, Greece Madhur Anand, Canada David Goldstein, USA Daniel I. Rubenstein, USA Joseph R. Bidwell, USA Shibu Jose, USA Herman H. Shugart, USA L. M. Chu, Hong Kong Chandra Prakash Kala, India Andrew Sih, USA Jean Clobert, France Pavlos Kassomenos, Greece R.C. Sihag, India Michel Couderchet, France Thomas H. Kunz, USA C. ter Braak, The Netherlands Ronald D. Delaune, USA Bruce D. Leopold, USA John Whitaker, USA Andrew Denham, Australia A. E. Lugo, USA Walter Whitford, USA Mark A. Elgar, Australia Patricia Mosto, USA J. J. Wiens, USA Jingyun Fang, China Mats Olsson, Australia Xiaozhang Yu, China Contents Factors Influencing Progress toward Ecological Speciation, Marianne Elias, Rui Faria, Zachariah Gompert, and Andrew Hendry Volume 2012, Article ID 235010, 7 pages The Role of Parasitism in Adaptive RadiationsWhen Might Parasites Promote and When Might They Constrain Ecological Speciation?, Anssi Karvonen and Ole Seehausen Volume 2012, Article ID 280169, 20 pages Parallel Ecological Speciation in Plants?, Katherine L. Ostevik, Brook T. Moyers, Gregory L. Owens, and Loren H. -
Extraordinarily Rapid Speciation in a Marine Fish
Extraordinarily rapid speciation in a marine fish Paolo Momiglianoa,1, Henri Jokinenb,2, Antoine Fraimoutc,2, Ann-Britt Florind, Alf Norkkob,e, and Juha Meriläa aEcological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; bTvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-10900 Hanko, Finland; cInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement /Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), FR-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; dDepartment of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden; and eBaltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden Edited by Dolph Schluter, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Douglas Futuyma April 25, 2017 (received for review September 20, 2016) Divergent selection may initiate ecological speciation extremely enhances divergence at increasingly weakly selected loci, which in rapidly. How often and at what pace ecological speciation proceeds turn reduces gene flow (4). to yield strong reproductive isolation is more uncertain. Here, we In the marine environment, evidence for ecological speciation is document a case of extraordinarily rapid speciation associated with scarce (8). This is somehow surprising: barriers to gene flow are ecological selection in the postglacial Baltic Sea. European flounders rarely absolute in the sea, hence models of speciation that can (Platichthys flesus) in the Baltic exhibit two contrasting reproductive operate in the presence of gene flow, such as ecological speciation, behaviors: pelagic and demersal spawning. Demersal spawning en- are likely to be important in explaining marine biodiversity (8).