ISSN 0141-6588

Editor: Dr. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones

Volume 7 Number 3 Spring 1995

CttOWKlDAR

Registered Charity 273422

it it

to to

to to

St St

his his

the the

the the

!hat !hat

as as a

wire wire

in in

colony colony

Deltota Deltota

!hat !hat

his his bun­

adjust adjust

area area

by by James

in in

contracted contracted

town town of

to to

!his !his

and and

leaf leaf in

hand. hand. Firing

delicious. delicious.

Laurencekirk Laurencekirk

tea tea

of of

!hen !hen

St St

the the

of of

revered revered him

little little

resting resting place.' He

health health

roller roller which he had

An An obituary

veranda veranda of

thought thought

the the

with with

!hey !hey

tables tables by

!he !he

al al Mahiyawa Cemetery,

fourteen fourteen

!he !he

increased increased too as improve­

an an undeveloped

on on 2 May 1892, still in his

strained. strained. He was asked

mark mark his

tea tea enterprise

Narangheria Narangheria Estate

than than

to to

first first planting

forgotten. forgotten.

!hen !hen

Taylor Taylor found it hard

!he !he

1852 1852 from

a a mechanical

The The funeral procession had start-

!he !he

which which Sri Lanka's modem econo­

!he !he

General General Estates Co Ltd (a name

the the funeral

stone stone

fewer fewer

two two days,

local local price

eyes. eyes. He has cared for his work, and

to to

with with

which which quinine is obtained, and his suc­

from from

!he !he

49 49

suggesting suggesting he sow tea, as a new crop in

fathering fathering

which which was

within within

relationship relationship was

leaf leaf was rolled on

Ceylon Ceylon in

in in his

were were no

pall pall bearers.

to to

in in Scotland, whose population numbered only

!he !he

an an ordinary

!he !he

tree tree from

!here !here

but but protested he was in perfect

was was nationalised).

foundation foundation upon

Anglo-Ceylon Anglo-Ceylon &

nothing nothing

it it

than than

!he !he

industry industry grew

!he !he

estate estate owners

the the

his his new masters and made many unsuccessful applications

more more

!he !he

first first plantings covered 19 acres and

!hat !hat

one one time

'factory' 'factory' where

said said 'The indomitable determination which this fine specimen

simply simply trying to gel rid of him. Ironically he

sick sick leave,

to to

at at

!he !he

building building roads and digging holes for planting. He experimented

died died in his log cabin

1975 1975 when

nearby nearby Loolecondera

yet yet

to to

it it led

he he had a fully equipped factory

something something

been been cleared. The young man, only 17 years old, handled most of

months months

only.' only.' The

in in 1867.' Taylor came

Ceylon. Ceylon. After six weeks probation on

growing growing cinchona,

with with

six six

!hat !hat

requirements requirements of

'The 'The Tea Industry was 1867. 1867. Taylor was described as being 'entirely devoted to his work. Self­

A Nice Cup Of Tea Tea Of Cup A Nice

2,000 2,000 souls,

with with

work work himself,

trays. trays. The teas were sold locally per 1.50 lb and at Rs were

was was carried out on clay stoves over charcoal fires and

Laurencekirk, Laurencekirk, K.incardineshire

my my was built and advancement advancement has been as

cess cess

year year later, valued at 35s 9d per lb and

By By 1872

had had just

Lake Lake

he he moved

for for land of his own. By 1892

men men in

!he !he

galow galow became

it it emerged in 1897 as

Taylor Taylor

fifties. fifties.

designed designed himself. The first Loolecondera tea seems to have reached London a

employers employers were

retained retained until

for for

of of tea at this opportune moment. The estate changed hands several times until

Ceylon's Ceylon's coffee crop, but curiously Taylor seemed slow to extend his planting

ments ments in pruning and plucking were made A disastrous blight had destroyed

dysentery dysentery and

and and labourers walked behind

Kandy. Kandy. Two gangs of twelve men took turns every four miles and managers

god. god. Twenty-four men carried his coffin

of of a Scottish Colonial displayed in

Ceylon Ceylon Observer

had had been known among his workers as Sarni Doral, and

calls calls for

Tributes Tributes poured in and past differences were

Sri Sri

the the

the the

for for

OAJ OAJ

Asia. Asia.

on on cemetery

Genealogical Genealogical

& &

activities activities of

of of historical and

family family history or

a concern a concern

both both

. .

lO lO

with with

Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Burma,

upkeep upkeep

Secretary

the the

the the

Pakistan, Pakistan,

Lines, Lines, MBE

Leggatt, Leggatt, MBE

rapidly rapidly expanding

N. N.

A. A.

Quick Quick

S. S. Hewitt, MBE

Wa11 (Press (Press and Publicity Wa11 Officer)

which which is distributed free to all members

J. J.

J. J.

J. J.

Rosie Rosie Llewellyn-Jones

the the

East East

Mrs. Mrs. Cynthia Langdon-Davies

Research Research Co-ordinator

Dr. Dr.

Editor Editor

Honorary Honorary Treasurer

Mr. Mr.

Chairman Chairman Mr. Mr. G. E. D. Walker, MBE

Mrs. Mrs. P. Saul

Mr. Mr. R.

Mr. Mr. P.

Major Major A. G. Harfield, BEM, FRHistS

Mr. Mr.

Executive Executive Committee

Mr. Mr.

Mrs. Mrs. M. Hywel-Jones

Miss Miss S. M. Farrington

Mr. Mr. P. de Jong

Mr. Mr. H. C. Q. Brownrigg

support support

Chowkidar, Chowkidar,

lO lO

and and many other projects for

of of local commillecs in India,

British British Library;

setting setting up

has has its own newsletter,

of of European cemeteries, isolated graves and monuments in South

the the

the the

Stokes Stokes

Magor Magor

Dr. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones Llewellyn-Jones Rosie Dr. London Lane, Bumtwood SW17 135

. .

SW15 SW15 6HQ

. .

and and aspects of European social history out

M

J. J. Farrington

. .

Chartfield Chartfield Avenue

R. R. B

A. A.

. .

Deputy Deputy Treasurer

Editor: Editor:

surveys surveys

twice twice a year and contains a section for 'Queries' on any matter relating

Lanka, Lanka, Malaysia etc., and the building up of Records a archive in the Oriental and India Office

condition condition of a relativc's grave etc. There arc also many other publications

Association Association -

The The Association

Notes on BA CSA CSA Notes on BA

architectural architectural monuments.

Mrs. Mrs. Rosemarie Wilkinson

& &

Societies. Societies. More members are needed

interest- Government; Churches; Services; Business; Museums; Historical

Collections Collections in

Membership Membership Secretary

many many hundreds London. London.

The The enrolment fee and subscription rates are obtainable from

Honorary Honorary Secretary

There There is a steadily growing membership of over 1,600 (1994) drawn from a wide circle of

76\ 76\

The The Association was formed in October 1976 to bring together people

Mr. Mr. T. C. Wilkinson, MBE

Mr. Mr. H

British British Association For Cemeteries In South Asia (BACSA)

Mr

Sir Sir John Lawrence, Bt., OBE

Sir Sir John Cotton, KCMG, OBE

Council Council

President President

Mr. Mr.

Mr. Mr. V. E. Davies, OBE

The The Rt. Hon. Lord Rees, QC The The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Slim, OBE ed in the morning and reached the cemetery only at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. place at St James's Church (Skinner's Church) Delhi, and he is further com­ His sister purchased a 6 foot by 4 foot plot of land in the Presbyterian Section memorated by a handsome plaque near the nave. and the monument subsequently erected there read 'In pious memory of James Taylor of Loolecondera Estate, Ceylon, the Pioneer of the Tea and Cinchone More conventional funerals in India are remembered by Mr R Nissen who Enterprises on this island who died May 2 1892, aged 57 years. This stone was attended Bishop Cotton School, Simla in the early 1920s. He was also a erected by his sister and many friends in Ceylon'. Photographs show the hand­ Rifleman in the Simla Rifles, India Defence Force and this entailed attending some memorial, with a sculpted cross in good condition, and also, touchingly, sixty parades of an hour each in every year, for which he was paid Re 1 per the ruins of his log cabin and the pool in which he would take his evening dip. parade. Attendance at military funerals counted as four parades. Mr Nissen was His was a solitary life, but not untypical of the dedicated planters who gave the a member of the Guard of Honour at the funerals of Major General Bridworthy sub-continent one of its most profitable exports. and of Brigadier General Abbott at the newly opened cemetery at Sanjauli in 1921. 'These military funerals were very impressive affairs. The body would Mail Box Jay overnight in Christ Church on the Ridge. Next morning, for the first five hundred yards from the church and the last five hundred from the cemetery the Chowkidar's article on British funeral pyres in India (Vol 7 No 2) brought in a band would play Chopin's 'Funeral March'. We would march at the slow letter from Mrs Maureen de Sausmarez, whose father was cremated in Nagpur march at the beat of the drum with our rifles reversed under our right arm.The in 1953. Clarence Reid Hemeon was commissioned in 1916 and joined the ICS coffin was carried on a mountain artillery gun, followed by an officer carrying six years later with the rank of captain. After a distinguished legal career he the medals and orders of the deceased on a red velvet cushion, followed by the was appointed Judge at the High Court, Nagpur. He was only a few months officer's horse led by its 'sayce'. The riding boots would be placed in the stir­ away from retirement when he died suddenly on 18 November 1953. As his rups facing in the reverse direction'. Mr Nissen adds that his own distinguished widow walked from the hospital an old man stopped her and said touchingly grandfathers General James Devine (1837-1894) and Col GKC Nissen (1837- 'Memsahib, now he has gone, who will look after the poor?' Judge Hemeon 1887) are buried at Baroda and wou Id like to know what state of repair these had left orders for his cremation, which was going to be carried out by sweep­ graves are in. ers on the banks of the Nag. But some of the Brahmin High Court Judges were so horrified at hearing this that they asked the widow to let them cremate the The grave of Col Jim Corbell in Kenya was giving cause for concern earlier body according to Hindu custom, even though, of course, it meant breaking this year, as we reported. BACSA Council member RB Magor, Chairman of their caste. An enormous crowd gathered, the cremation duly took place, and one of India's largest tea companies, offered immediate help 'as reading his the ashes were transported in a special box to Ireland. Much later it was discov­ books has given me so much pleasure'. Jerry Jaleel from Canada, who first ered that the Judge's widow had allowed two Brahmins to scatter a small por­ alerted people, has now visited the cemetery at Nyeri and got repair work done. tion of the ashes onto the waters of the Ganges 'that his spirit may stay with us 'With the help of several Africans the Corbett grave was finally restored, the forever'. The Brahmins had to pay large sums of money for purification after marble head stone was re-erected straight and the frame work was washed to the cremation, but it is a measure of the affection in which they held their fel­ give its true colour.' Jim Corbett rests in good company for Lord Baden low Judge. Powell's grave is only a few feet away in the Nyeri cemetery. Mr Jaleel has set up the Jim Corbett Foundation to look after the grave on a regular basis and James Whittaker, whose letter about his great grandfather's cremation led to plans to open a modest museum with copies of Corbett's books, letters and the original article, has now returned from India 'after the holiday of a life­ photographs. Anecdotes or photographs of Corbett, who died in 1955 will be time'. He visited the memorial to General Sir James Willcocks, erected by the passed to the Foundation via BACSA. Maharaja of Bharatpur in the 1920s which stands in a wheat field near the cen­ tre of town. 'Built of red sandstone, typical of the area, it has not surprisingly It is sometimes nice to be proved wrong and the Editor is the first to admit that decayed a Iittle. Only the central cross remains, probably because this is not a she too is not infallible. Chowkidar Vol 7 No 1 carried an article on the old Christian country. The steps are crumbling badly and the floor inscriptions cantonment cemetery at Mariaon, north of Lucknow, describing it as empty have all but disappeared. The railings have also gone and grass grows on the except for two large memorials. Visiting it a few years ago, when the grass and top of the memorial.' Even so, it is still recognisable, and Mr. Whittaker's pho­ bushes were uncut (the Editor is only five foot tall), it did indeed seem that the tograph on p60 taken this February is an interesting comparison with that of pre 1857 tombs had vanished. However, a recent visit after the site had been 1927 (Chowkidar, Vol 7 No 2, p36). The burial of the General's ashes took

50 51 tidied up revealed a number of substantial tombs still in situ, battered and Can You Help? stripped of all inscriptions. Accompanied by Mr Ashok Priyadarshi, former District Magistrate of Lucknow, a keen historian, and carrying the old photo­ A forgotten pioneer of medical and other inventions in early 19th century India graph of Mariaon reproduced in Clwwkidar, I was able to stand exactly where was recently mentioned to the Editor and was swiftly followed by a learned the first photographer had stood. The past and the present slid magically into paper on Julius Jeffreys. The author, Dr David Zuck explained that the respira­ focus. The next day Mr Priyadarshi kindly sent his photographer to the ceme­ tor, used today on life support machines and ventilators, is based on an inven­ tery and readers will find it fascinating to compare today's view on p6 l with tion of Jeffreys, who is credited in the Oxford English Dictionary with the first that taken 138 years ago. Although a new colony is rapidly growing up around use of the word. Jeffreys was born in September 1800 at Hall Place, Bexley, the graveyard walls, it is hoped that the cemetery will remain a tranquil park near London and his father, the Rev Jeffreys served as Chaplain to the East like the Lucknow Residency. India Company from 1803 to 1810. This was how the initial Indian connection arose. Young Julius studied medicine at Edinburgh and London and became a Mr Ronald McAdam, a new BACSA member, returned recently from a visit to Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London in March 1822. He was India where he was engaged in some family research relating to his father's accepted as assistant surgeon at the Bengal Presidency, which required him to Army service there from 1930 to 1934. As a result he visited several grave­ pass an examination in Hindustani. Arriving in Calcutta during a cholera epi­ yards in Delhi, Lucknow and Faizabad, in the UP. At the latter cantonment demic he was attached to the General Hospital, and at one point had more than cemetery he was searching for the graves of six Cameron Highlanders, all 200 patients under his care. He set himself to study the effects of the Indian cli­ friends or colleagues of his late father, who served with the 1st Battalion of that mate on health, at a time when no concessions were made by Europeans to cli­ Regiment. He was very saddened to see the state of the cemetery there. 'The matic differences. Troops frequently went down with heat stroke because regi­ entrance and surrounding walls are crumbling fast and in danger of collapsing.' ments drilled during the hottest time of the day. There was a mistaken belief (see p60) Inside, the ground is 'completely overgrown and jungle-like. Many that it was dangerous to live at an altitude above 4,000 feet, because of the rar­ of the graves are inaccessible, and large trees predominate the whole area. It efaction of the atmosphere. was with the greatest difficulty that I located the six graves of interest to me. The headstones are made of high quality material which is very resilient in the But Jeffreys found that the climate of the hills was excellent, and stayed at climate, and therefore in remarkably good condition, although some of the Simla, 7 ,OOOfeet above sea level, in its earliest days, when only one other black engraving is eroded. A large mature tree grows out through the middle of English house existed there. He wrote a report advocating the establishment of one of the graves.' Mr McAdam was surprised to learn that while the graves of convalescent stations at places like Simla, which led to a Commission of those who fell during the two World Wars are maintained, beautifully, by the Enquiry, then action, so one could say that the subsequent development of hill Commonwealth War Graves Commission, no provision was made to keep up stations stemmed at least indirectly from Jeffreys' report. He served most of his those of soldiers who died between the Wars. The sad fact is that there is sim­ time in Cawnpore and married there in 1826. Three sons and twin daughters ply no money available, other than that donated as charity, much of it through were born during the next six years. Arising from his climatic studies, he BACSA. A lump sum allocated by the British Government at Independence for designed installations and apparatus for cooling dwelling places and barracks. cemetery maintenance was exhausted by 1960. Over two million Britons are One of these consisted of a series of water-filled pits, over which air was drawn estimated to lie buried in the Indian sub-continent, many of whom are now, in and cooled by evaporation and then pumped into the dwelling by a pendulum truth, known only to God. Mr McAdam hopes to arouse interest in the upkeep action quadrantic pump, which he called the Refrigerator, an early use of the of the Faizabad cemetery in particular and to publicise the condition of other word. He studied air flow through the solar topi, insisting that it should not be forlorn sites. hermetically sealed to the head, and invented a flounced heat-resisting military costume for the troops, of distinctly unmilitary appearance. He transferred to On a lighter note, there comes a little story which has nothing to do with India the civilian establishment about 1830 and interested himself in developing the at all, but which is too good not to share. Family Tree Magazine reported last natural resources of India. He established factories to manufacture pottery, year that visitors to the Upper Nazareth Cemetery, Jerusalem, were a touch per­ brickwork, saltpetre, soda water and stoneware jars, designed furnaces and turbed to hear a telephone apparently ringing from a grave. The mystery was kilns and was, not surprisingly, commended for his enterprise by the Governor solved when it was realised that a mobile phone had been accidentally dropped General Lord William Bentinck. Failing health brought him back to England in into the grave of Rabbi Pinhas Miller during his interment, and the loss was 1835, but even on the journey home he invented a method of converting the unfortunately not discovered until the grave had been covered in!

52 53

his his retirement in about

Inscriptions Inscriptions on Tombs or

55 55

Pembroke). Pembroke). Until

(nee (nee

It It is listed in 's Crofton

. .

(1941), (1941), at Jalna Cemetery, Aurangabad District, Hyderabad.

so, so, they would both have been in their 80s. Theirs was possibly a 'mixed'

1920 1920 George was employed by the Foreign and Political Dept of the Indian

Barbara Barbara was the wife of Major William Taylor of the 39th Regt Madras NI. Her

'Many 'Many years ago' BACSA was able to provide some notes for Peter Rogers.

A A query about the Kolar gold mines in Mysore brought in some interesting

Assistant Assistant Resident in Srinagar. For some reason, Peter Rogers' father was them them in 1948 when they were still operating at full capacity. The mines, sixty Middleton Middleton intends to visit the area this year.

Mrs Mrs Angela Middleton is trying to find the grave of Barbara Innes Taylor, who

father father was Major General James Innes, who died in September 1818 and is separate separate mines, the Nundydroog, the Ooregum, the Champion Reef and the

The The Kolar Gold Fields

miles miles from Bangalore, though known collectively as Kolar, comprised four about about the burial place of his grandparents, George Joseph Rogers and reluctant reluctant to talk about his parents, or his brother Gilbert and sister, Doris

enquirer enquirer believes that the Rogers were of Irish stock, but is still looking for his

about about his father, the late George Denzil Rogers. Now he hopes for information

Elizabeth Elizabeth Paget of Devon in 1820, and she adopted Catherine as her step­

A A more recent burial may be easier to find. Bombardier Alfred George marriage, marriage, since Catherine 's family was Catholic, George's Protestant. Our

papers papers collated by David Barnard, and a letter from Frank Leeson, who visited

died died on 20 December 1836

seems seems to have vanished by 1905. Any leads would be welcome, as Mrs Francis, Francis, but again, their mother is unknown. Robert subsequently married

If If

supposed supposed to be buried at St Mary's Cemetery, Madras, although his tomb that that both George and Catherine may have been still alive in India about 1945.

names names are not recorded, but any information would be welcome.

headstone headstone marks the grave, and whether a photograph could be obtained?

(Harrison). (Harrison). A chance encounter after the Second World War, seems to indicate

that that both Joseph Pouget and his son Robert had Indian wives or bibis, whose

9 9 May 1931. His nephew Dilwyn James Reynolds would like to know if a grandfather's grandfather's place of birth, and death, and details of his uncle and aunt.

daughter. daughter. Many questions are still unanswered about the family tree. It may be

Reynolds Reynolds of the 86/16 Brigade, Royal Regiment of Artillery, died at Mhow on

Monuments Monuments

Government Government as Superintendent of the Residency Office, and latterly as

and and reached the rank of Lt Colonel. He had two children, Catherine and Henry

Catherine Catherine Louise Stack Rogers

I I

·

Zuck Zuck was able to find

Dr Dr

became became a captain in the 10th NI but

, ,

54 54

Hurley Hurley descendants who are distant cousins of Mrs Ames.

be be

Patricia Patricia Witcher of Gloucester, a descendant of the Pouget family who served

'slaughtered 'slaughtered in riots in India', perhaps a local disturbance, and that the two Service' Service' adds that it was most unusual to appoint a Frenchman to the IMS and their their mother's details are unknown. Both boys remained in India after their

French, French, and a note on his career in Crawford's 'Roll of the Indian Medical India, India, Robert John, at Bombay in 1787 and Peter William at Surat in 1794, but in in 1909 at Lahore. Clementine 's brother returned to England in the 1930s or

Medical Medical Service in 1778 as Assistant Surgeon, was noted as Surgeon at Surat

was was cashiered in 1827. Robert served with the Corps of Engineers, Bombay,

in in India from 1778 to 1835. Joseph Pouget, born about 1759 entered the Indian

father's father's departure. The youngest, Peter

Another Another interesting Catholic (and medical) connection comes from Mrs

in in 1796 and retired to Lympston, Devon, in 1809. Joseph's parents were

ond ond wife Maria Perkin. He died in Florence in 1833. Two sons were born in

memory memory of this chauvinism that led to his final retirement in Italy, with his sec­

Francis Francis Gonzalvez, who entered the Church after being widowed, noticed

Hurley Hurley great grandparents, killed in a riot, but BACSA members may have

unheard unheard of to appoint a Catholic! He aroused much opposition and it may be a

Mrs Mrs Jean Ames from Leicester is trying to trace the tomb of her great grandfa­

other other leads.

ther, ther, Adolphus Lee Hurley of the Medical Department, Bareilly. His wife's Initial Initial searches of the Bareilly cemetery records have not so far uncovered the

science science to solve all problems - to the extent that the single-minded application 40s, 40s, so there may

faith faith that was strongly combined with a belief in progress and in the abilities of Catholic Catholic church there. Family history relates that Adolphus and his wife were

and and a girl, Clementine Eileen May Hurley, born in 1888 and baptised at the Clementine Clementine in the orphanage and subsequently left the priesthood to marry her

research research and would welcome more information about Jeffreys and his descen­ rolling rolling and pitching motion of becalmed ships into a useful, slow forward name name was Mary, and two children were born of the marriage, a boy (unnamed)

ridiculous ridiculous on more than one occasion.' Dr Zuck is now planning further

his his grave in the cemetery there. He describes Jeffreys as embodying 'all the children children were placed in orphanages in Agra. A Catholic priest, Dominic

movement. movement.

dants, dants, particularly the son who emigrated to New Zealand.

enterprising, enterprising, entrepreneurial and philanthropic: and he had a simple religious

qualities qualities that characterise our ideas of the typical Victorian. He was inventive,

of of scientific principles, unaccompanied by commonsense, took him into the Jeffreys Jeffreys died at Richmond, Surrey on 13 May 1877.

5 5

if if

special special

Yalland Yalland in

Sir Sir Edward

in in 1987 and

Zoe's Zoe's

Zoe Zoe

Nabobs Nabobs

Colebrooke. Colebrooke.

and and

and and brought up. She wrote and

Stafford. Stafford.

Traders Traders

bound bound for Madras, but was trans­

born born

Stafford!) Stafford!)

57 57

Stafford, Stafford,

was was in False Bay, near the Cape, when she

makes makes the 'dramatic scrappy ... nature reading

it it

an an East Indiaman that sank near Cape Town in

because because Sir Eyre Coote, the new Commander-in-Chief

1994 1994 (reviewed on p59) She was an internationally

Colebrooke Colebrooke

Yalland, Yalland, 1922 - 1994

his his grandson, and also had Indian connections, being born in

Colebrooke, Colebrooke,

Zoi Zoi

in in Cawnpore, where she was

Colebrooke Colebrooke

came came to light and

Boxwallahs Boxwallahs

1890) was was 1890)

-

1834. 1834.

interest interest was

its its sequel

its its inception in 1976, drawn in by her brother Theon Wilkinson.

November November She 1994. had been enthusiastic an member of the Association since

researched researched the BACSA publication on the Kacheri Cemetery, Cawnpore, and

BACSA BACSA members will be saddened to learn of the death of

Obituary Obituary

published published two extensive histories of the town

Calcutta Calcutta and becoming Joint Magistrate and Deputy Collector Allahabad in

tried tried to land on a sandy shore. Twenty men were lost (not three, as we was was fact in named after Sir George, and not Sir Edward, Colebrooke. It was Sir

(1813 (1813

BACSA BACSA member Malcolm Sutherland has pointed out that the ill-fated ship

Stevenage Stevenage eventually reached Madras in December of that year, and appears

probably probably a member of the syndicate which owned the struck struck rocks and began to ship water. Boats from the accompanying convoy of

thought), thought), but it was still remarkable a rescue effort by the Company ships. John

George George (1729 - 1809) who was a Director of the East India Company, and By By August 1778 the

1778 1778 on her way to Bombay, brought, to our great surprise, an eye-witness

Indiamen Indiamen came to her aid and took off some passengers, as the stricken vessel

in in India and his party decided embark to on the

ferred ferred to the

Lost Lost At Sea

record record shows that he had landed from the

was was due to sail out on the Indiaman

across across the world, is descended from him.' John had enlisted as a Private in the

for for the first time in the Company's establishment list on 2 January 1779. (The

himself himself as a native of Surrey and gave his former occupation as 'glazier'. John

tion tion of the event.' Patrick Stevenage adds 'My surname would have died out

East East India Company's Madras Regiment in 1778, aged nineteen. He stood

Mention Mention of the

Patrick Patrick Stevenage. In researching family papers, the Log Book of the foot foot 3 inches in height, the minimum requirement at that time. He described

account account from John Stevenage, the great great grandfather of BACSA member

of of the entries and the shaky handwriting towards the end enhanced the descrip­

Colebrooke Colebrooke

John John had not survived the wreck. Every Stevenage I have discovered, right

reported reported earli­

single single elevator jour­

Chowkidar Chowkidar

the the deepest

-

56 56

was was an Irish soldier, Michael Lavelle, settled in

It It

Sons Sons of London began a long association with the Field and by

& &

is quite is quite derelict.

er, er,

almost almost exhausted. The adjoining British cemetery, as

worked worked today, the area has become very run down, and the seams of gold are Another Another lift took us down to the 91st level at 8600 feet where the tunnel

a a shaft where the 93rd station was being built. Although the mines are still

being being well lined and lit, with a telephone exchange and workshops in evidence.

squeezed squeezed into a bucket which took us down a further 200 feet to the bottom of

ance ance was and like ... atrnosphere a London tube station, the tunnels and halls

entered entered through an air-lock, protected only by steel rail sets. At the end we

which which travelled at 40 mph through 6556 feet

Frank Frank Leeson described his descent into 'the principal mine via a 50-man lift

ney ney in the world [1948], ending 3613 feet below sea level. The general appear­ (a (a traditional source of skilled miners), and some Anglo-Indians.

recruited recruited on retirement from the Anny, but there was also a handful of Italians

A A sizeable community developed around the mines, with schools for the work­

forum forum to mediate in disputes. Most of the foremen were English 'Tommies'

1945 approximately approximately 1945 720 tons of gold had been found.

ers' ers' children, religious buildings, recreation clubs, a maternity hospital and

between between Rs 40 and Rs 80 per month. Miners received a clothing allowance of

avoid avoid many of the trivial cuts and scratches which might result in loss of time'.

decent decent housing. Panchayat Courts were set up, based on the traditional village

Rs Rs 6 per annum 'as an inducement to wear clothing while at work and thus

a a European could bear. Air conditioning was introduced later, but one wonders

how how the Indian miners survived. Although they were well looked after, with an

underground underground was so intense that four hours was considered the maximum that

on-site on-site hospital, insurance, sick benefits, and allowances, basic wages were

workings, workings, carrying bottles of salt water and changes of clothing. The heat

has has fascinating little insights into life underground. Among his five servants

An An account by the late John Hohnen, an Australian appointed as Agent in 1936

was was a 'tea-boy' whose job was to accompany Hohnen on daily visits to the

a a decade eleven companies had been floated. The Mining Engineers Messrs

site site was worth looking at once more. The General fonned a syndicate known

John John Taylor

Bangalore, Bangalore, who in persuaded 1871 Major General de la Poer Beresford that the

as as the Colar Concessionaries Co Ltd who began prospecting again, and within

Mysore. Mysore. Gold had been mined in India since prehistoric times and the Roman

and and it was not until 1802 that Lt John Warren of HM 33rd Regiment heard

equally equally unsuccessful.

the the Deccan. The Mysore mines seem to have been abandoned for centuries,

and and a consortium of Bangalore residents fonned in 1860 to prospect, were

historian historian Pliny recorded extensive working in gold and silver in Rajputana and rumours rumours about finds in the area. He was unable to substantiate these stories, acknowledged expert on Cawnpore and her advice and expertise was sought by Crown' is the male lead in the London play. Stoppard's drama moves effort­ everyone interested in the town, and especially in its part in the Mutiny. She lessly between 1930s India and the 1980s, with evocative sets of the 'Club', the was a familiar figure at the BACSA Annual General Meetings in London, with dak bungalow, the Raja's veranda and the train to Jamapore. There is a touch­ her affectionate greetings of friends, which was also gladly extended to anyone ing scene in a hill station cemetery that had the audience reaching for their who wanted to tap into her wide knowledge of British India. She gave her time handkerchiefs. Recommended for BACSA members within easy reach of generously, and expected a similar reciprocation from people workin~ in .her London. field. Friends and acquaintances came to respect her phone-calls probmg mto chance remarks or sentences, which made them go back to examine their sources. It was a useful and rigorous exercise, teaching one not to make sweep­ ing statements without proper documentation, or at least to defend one's views, Books by BACSA Authors faced with her gentle, but pertinent questions. When news of Zo~ 's death [These can be ordered via BA CSA, at no extra cost to the purchaser] reached Cawnpore, her many Indian friends there organised a memorial ser­ vice, as a tribute to a fine historian, but also to a much loved daughter of Boxwallahs: The British in Cawnpore 1857-1901 ~ Yalland Cawnpore. She is deeply missed, and lovingly remembered. 'And here's one of Aunt Emma at Cawnpore in 1880 on a picnic.' How often Rosie Llewellyn-Jones has the heart sunk as another page of the family album is turned and another sepia figure in Victorian dress presented? Yet if the late ~ Yalland had been Notice Board the host, then guests would have sat entranced as she talked them through the photographs. She has unfolded the story of a small town in British India, well This year sees the sesquicentennial (150th) anniversary of the foundation of La illustrated with pictures from many family albums, including her own. How a Martiniere School al Lucknow, which was established in 1845 from funds determined band of British factory managers backed by Indian bankers, trans­ bestowed by the Frenchman Major General Claude Martin. The General formed the north Indian town of Cawnpore (present day Kanpur), from a place instructed in his Will that schools should be established at Lyon in France (his of bitter Mutiny memories into a thriving industrial centre, exporting cotton, birth place), at Calcutta, and at Lucknow where he spent the last 25 years of his woollen and leather goods, is the central theme of this entertaining book. life. At a time when the education of girls had hardly been considered, he wanted both boys and girls to be taught, and he also stipulated that children 'of Aptly, the author chose not to tell her story through statistics, trade figures, or any religion' should be admitted to the school~. ~e Luckn~w College, ~ituated detailed analysis of economic out-turns, but through vignettes of the men and in Martin's great palace-tomb of Constantia, 1s arrangmg a splendid pro­ women who worked in Cawnpore during the late 19th century. Present day his­ gramme of events, including an exhibition to be opened by the President of torians of India concentrate on trends and movements to justify the thesis that India on 7 September 1995, many sporting events, a seminar, dinner dance, and Britain's economic strength during the Victorian era sprung from the exploita­ a Commemoration Service on the date of the Founder's death (13 September). tion of cheap labour in the colonies. This is undeniable, but to judge the men of The Hon Sec Mr JS Kaul would like to invite UK Old Martinians to attend, and yesterday only by today's standards is a fruitless exercise. Unless we put them is also compiling a Directory of Old Boys. The Editor (who _isplanning to in context (deconstruction, if you like), then we learn nothing from the past. As attend) will forward the September programme and details to all Old Yalland skilfully points out, these British entrepreneurs were men with a prag­ Martinians on receipt of an SAE to 135 Bumtwood Lane, London SW17 OAJ. matic, not an imperial vision. They seized the opportunities of post-Mutiny India, importing new technology from the West to run their woollen and cotton 'Indian Ink' is the name of a new play at the Aldwych Theatre in London by mills and their tanneries. Not least, they gave regular employment to a great Tom Stoppard, who, as a child, was educated in Darjeeling during the 1940s. number of Indian workmen, whose lot was undoubtedly improved by the Set in a princely state in Rajputana, 'Indian Ink' stars Felicity Kendall, whose vision of these men. own father Geoffrey, led a group of touring players to India in the 1940s, bring­ ing Shakespeare's plays to schools, under the banner of 'Shakespearean~·· Many came from humble backgrounds in Britain, and few had the education or Their adventures were chronicled in the 1970s film 'Shakespearewallah' with training considered necessary for captains of industry today. These were not Shashi Kapoor, who, in real life, married Felicity's elder sister, Jennifer. Art university men sent out to rule India, but engineers, clerks, technicians and Malik who played the part of Hari Kumar, in the television series 'Jewel in the

58 59 61

(see p50) (see

General Sir James Willcocks' James Sir General memorial today at Bharatpur at today memorial

60

The lych-gate at the cantonment cemetery, Faizabad (see p52) (see Faizabad cemetery, cantonment the at lych-gate The

meticu­

Spring Spring 1990

43rd 43rd Erinpura

in in

Commonwealth Commonwealth

work. work.

RMO RMO

and and

IMS, IMS,

viii/74. viii/74. Fp, no other ills, no

extremely extremely rare

and and African sections being con­

5.5 5.5

Published Published Histories compiled by

An An

this this review to illustrate the

British British Empire

Civil Civil Surgeon, Ajmer and RMO 44th

available available in the India Office Library.

in in

63 63

slim volume, slim volume, useful mainly as a contempo­

of of their

IMS, IMS,

of of the

A A

* *

E E Briere, Paris n.d. (cl854). Seen without covers,

Corps Corps

of of some 2,000 bibliographical entries by reproduc­

* *

Woolbert, Woolbert,

Canadian, Canadian, Australian

medical medical officers,

Bibliography Bibliography

HR HR

of of disbanded regiments like the 42nd Deoli Regt, 43rd

th~ th~

Merwara Merwara They Regt. were disbanded due to no disloyalty on

MaJor MaJor

Cannichae!) Cannichae!) Critical Critical

regim~ntal regim~ntal A A

(Vol 5 5 No (Vol 5). This new edition compiled is on similar principles as

M. M.

the 44th 44th the

and and methodology

for for

1990 1990 review

re~tructured, re~tructured,

1905 by by 1905

with with

m m

Just Just one:

Charles Charles

Irregular Irregular Cavalry of that Presidency, by an old Cavalry Officer. Anon (Maj Gen

maps, maps, no appendices, no Index.

details details of original binding not known 8.25 X

A A ROUGH SKETCH OF THE RISE PROGRESS AND THE OF IRREGULAR

of of Horse Irregular (and including Skinner's).

rary rary account of formation the equipping and of several Bengal Army Regiments

HORSE HORSE OF THE BENGAL ARMY with Hints for Improving the Regular and

1758-1993: 1758-1993:

Merwara Merwara Regt; in 1907 by Captain BB Paymaster,

therefore therefore seem like cavilling to allude to the non-inclusion, mentioned in my account account of the post World War run-down of the Indian Army in 1922. In the

the the splendid Medico-Topographical Accounts published by the Indian Medical

appear appear be to the admirable Recruiting for Handbook 1904 regimental recruiting the the part of the classes in these regiments, eg, Bhils, Mers, Katats etc, but on

Ennpura Ennpura Regt and 44th Merwara Regt. They served faithfully in 1857 and for

years years after the 1903 reorganisation, the only extant historical account would War War

famous famous Sikh Pioneers, finds no mention is, of course, not an omission by the

absence absence of any traceable regimental histories of these regiments, mention could

Moplah Moplah Rifles (formerly the and 17th 25th Madras Infantry), eliminated a few

Se~ice Se~ice parties parties on 'Moplahs'. That the valiant Sikh Light Infantry, successors to the

seven seven decades thereafter. For instance Captain O'Moore Creagh, later

A first A first edition 1989 (pp 382) of this unique work was reviewed

mg mg

possibly possibly have been made for posterity of their only extant capsule histories in

Most Most errors and omissions in the first edition have been eradicated, and the

eg, eg,

ea~lier ea~lier

the the earlier pioneering endeavour, but many respects, in is a very different book.

Comm_ander-in-Chief of of the Indian earned Army, his VC in Comm_ander-in-Chief the second Afghan

siderably siderably improved. It only 1s possible

Chowkidar Chowkidar

Regt. Regt. Similarly, for units of the former Madras Army like the 77th and 78th

P.roject P.roject Regiments: Regiments: Regiments and This This new encyclopaedic edition (pp806) will probably be the final one; it may

!ous!1ess !ous!1ess

Roger Roger Perkins

Nabobs, Nabobs,

865) 865) to a

(I (I

and and

Traders Traders

plus £3.50 postage, plus £3.50 postage, pp504.

the the sequel to

£28.00 £28.00

62 62

book book is

(This (This

1994 Michael Michael Russell 1994 (Publishing) Ltd.

(RU) (RU)

British British Managing Director of the Elgin Mills, and she wrote extensively about

bour bour Lucknow, but thanks to Yalland it is now a much more interesting one.

the the place where she grew up.

published published in 1987). Cawnpore never was a handsome place; unlike its neigh­

ciliations ciliations and at the same time building up an unique view of the development

ing the ing Great Mutiny'. this, Real history, passed down through years. the

ting ting us share their hopes, fears, illnesses, daily routines, arguments and recon­

oral oral family history, collected over two decades. Yalland's father was the last

of of Cawnpore. Much of the material is from letters, diaries, factory records and

talked talked with his grand daughter' wrote Yalland 'who as a little girl sat on [his]

graph graph of the pants in which he escaped from Cawnpore, on page 26!) 'I have

knee knee and looked with awe at the scar on his shoulder shaped like a star, and

illustrated illustrated life forms a central theme of this book. Photographs show how he

responsible responsible for the industrialisation of Cawnpore, but his well documented and

learnt learnt it was from the wound sustained that day when he swam for his life dur­

grandfather grandfather playing with his grand-daughter (1913). (There is also a photo­ The The strength of this book is in bringing to life figures from an old album, let­

modest modest salary of Rs 150 per month. He was only one of the several Britons

matured matured from a serious young man with mutton chop whiskers

Steam Steam Saw Mills, and the Muir Mills, where he was Managing Director on the ping ping with water.'

Company Company (which became the Elgin Mills) and went on to found the Cawnpore

Jones Jones subsequently worked in the new Elgin Cotton Spinning and Weaving

he he re-joined his fellow countrymen as a 'tall, spectral ... looking naked figure

ket ket ball. His brother was killed. After desperate adventures and near starvation,

north north of Cawnpore. In the early days of the Mutiny, the two boys thought they

Ganges. Ganges. Jones swam for his life, although wounded in the shoulder by a mus­

who who worked with his brother on the family indigo farm at Fatehgarh, 75 miles except except for a piece of cloth wrapped round his waist, much emaciated and drip­

boat boat just as the massacre of Britons was taking place on the banks of the

would would be safer in the British cantonment at Cawnpore, but arrived there by

chemists chemists who answered advertisements in their local newspapers. There were

work work in developing the mills into one of the largest manufacturing concerns in

Others Others had long family ties, Gavin like Sibbald Jones, born Calcutta in in 1835,

charge charge of the Cawnpore Woollen Mills in and 1885 was later knighted for his

men men like Alexander McRobert, born in a tiny Aberdeen cottage, who took India. India.

archi­

'an 'an

Neo-cl~si­

Allah~bad, Allah~bad,

authors authors have also carefully

are are not normally associated

with with the various personalities

India, India, but which are contemporary

of of Madras University prepares the

1904. 1904. A revealing article is devoted to

It It deals

and and in complete contrast, the Durbar

School School of Art in Bombay, providing an

65 65

Calcutta. Calcutta. The

~.J. ~.J.

structures structures which

of of the reasons for the redevelopments after

3:"d 3:"d

only only in

subJect. subJect.

and and religious buildings erected in Oudh,

architecture architecture in

the the

built built

that that include, in addition to Madras,

about about the city's layout today. Victorian Cawnpore is

~ughal ~ughal

of of the Sir

at at Murshidabad

was was

Hyderaba~ Hyderaba~ an an account

Indo-Saracenic Indo-Saracenic detail

Edw~d1~ Edw~d1~

the the late

a~ a~

~h1ch ~h1ch

Pal~ce Pal~ce

or or

and and 1900,

other other places

background background to

explams explams much

(RU) (RU)

mclud1.ng mclud1.ng

environmental environmental setting.

i_n i_n

Several Several res1dent1al

~856 ~856

Tnvandru~, Tnvandru~,

Ra~pur Ra~pur

~g~ights ~g~ights

1~. 1~.

which which

':'1ctonan ':'1ctonan

at at

Hazarduari Hazarduari

1857 1857

Hall Hall

Luckno~, Luckno~,

Mosque Mosque of Hamid Ali Khan, Delhi, the Kaisarbagh, Lucknow, the

w~th w~th include include Zafar Mahal constructed by the last Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah the

with with

analysed analysed the charactenst1cs spec1f1c of the style in terms of regional prefer­ ar~icle ar~icle cal cal Mursh1dabad Mursh1dabad and Rampur have been selected for discussion: the examples

Baroda, Baroda, example, example, look very different from counter-parts in Madras or Calcutta. Another

arc arc devoted to the Indo-Saracenic buildings, firstly on those in Madras and

secondly secondly ences. ences. The result is that Indo-Saracenic structures in Baroda or Hyderabad, for

tectural tectural or

bct:,vccn bct:,vccn ing ing shaped and influenced the school's syllabus and attitudes towards both ing ing the reader that public sculptures are very much an integral part of

artists artists and artisans. The volume ends appropriately with an article on the public

an an introduction, the first article gives an account of the formative years,

commemorative commemorative statues, including both Indian and British celebrities remind­ mcludmg mcludmg Joseph Crowe, Lockwood Kipling and John Griffiths, whose think­

the the general focus throughout the volume on is Indo-Saracenic buildings, a great The The remaining seven articles contain an equally interesting array of topics: two

variety variety of other distinctive styles of architecture are also discussed. By way of ?nhgh~enmg ?nhgh~enmg

architecture architecture in Victorian and Edwardian India. Compiled under the guest-edi­

torship torship of Dr Christopher London, it contains nine fascinating articles (includ­ reader reader for an architectural feast. There are however surprises in store. Although

ing ing three by BACSA members) on, or relating to, the subject. Its arresting dust

Architecture Architecture in Victorian and Edwardian India ed. Christopher London

Both Both books obtainable from Ram Advani Bookseller (see inside back cover)

Rain Rain in the Mountains 1993 Viking India Rs 250 I pp25 (hardback) This This is the first ever volume by Marg Publications devoted to the subject of

cemeteries. cemeteries. Our Our Trees Still Grow In Debra 1991 Penguin India Rs 95 ppl64 (paperback)

jacket jacket showing

cemeteries cemeteries (among other pieces), and for work in promoting the Landour

Wilkie, Wilkie,

Black, Black, Indian

-

as as well, and a 'thirty minute radio play'

64 64

poems poems

contains contains a number of short stories set in Debra Dun, where the India­

It It

Coloured Coloured Soldiers through two World Wars' by Ian Gleeson (1994). (This

Honorary Honorary Member of BACSA in recognition of his writings on Himalayan

'Rain 'Rain in the Mountains' is a more personal book, almost at times diary, a when With With characters like these you cannot fail. Ruskin Bond was recently made an

whose whose cast includes 'Miss Mackenzie, an active old lady; Colonel

iniscences, iniscences, to discourses about the trees and mountains, and of course, to the

retired retired from the Indian Army; Anil, an Indian schoolboy, and an old bearer'.

villagers villagers who pass There by. are

girl girl by a Pathan during 1857. everyday everyday events, seen from the window of his hill-side cottage, lead on to rem­

is reprinted is reprinted here, the strangely haunting story of the capture of a young English

Pigeons', Pigeons', the long novella, which was filmed as 'Junoon' by Shyam Benegal,

1992. 1992.

landscape, landscape, introducing local characters, like the old English speaking beggar,

relatives, relatives, friends and lovers. The boundaries between fact and fiction are delib­

erately erately left undefined, as they should be in all good writing. 'A Flight of

a a bedsitter in Swiss Cottage turned into a happy, West Indian party, led by

effortless effortless style leads the reader through the changing seasons of the Himalayan

George, George, a ticket collector who befriended the young writer. His seemingly born born author lives, as well as autobiographical episodes. 'Calypso Christmas'

Sahitya Sahitya Akademi Award for English writing in India, presented to the author in

describes describes his brief, and not very happy stay in England, when Christmas Eve in 1994 1994 Roger Perkins PO Box 29 Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 lXU pp806

Bond Bond

Our Our Trees Still Grow in Debra and Rain in the Mountains both by Ruskin

The The first book, published in 1991 (and incorporating earlier stories), led to the

£92.50 £92.50 plus £5.00 postage, pp.806

reader reader and researcher. (SLM)

gies gies to the respective parts; it will be of very considerable value to the current

genre, genre, this handsome monumental book makes a truly grand sweep of the uni­

and and formed formed forces in question, enhanced by evocative introductions, and chronolo­

the the main are confined to the Indian Army. In the context of South Africa, a

book book that needs mentioning however is 'The Unknown Force

may may have been published after 'Regiments' went to press.) To conclude, in its

In In view of BACSA members' association with the sub-continent, comments in

mental mental history since the regiment was raised in Two. World War compiler. compiler. but of the regiment, as it does not appear to have produced a regi­

67 67

post post free, pp233

50 50

£12. £12.

pressed pressed on what she was actually doing, the author

01.2 01.2

If If

In In India 1882-1886: an Imperial Miniature Mary Bennett

Ilberts Ilberts

(RLJ) (RLJ)

1994 1994 Volturna Press, available from the author at 26 Vauxhall Gardens,

1994 1994 Belhaven, 8 King's Saltern Road, Lymington, Hants S041 3QF £7.99

accounts accounts of travelling in these districts by bicycle, on horseback and in his pri­

ters ters to her parents.

Burma Burma and the birth of the Indian National Congress; but primarily paints an

taking taking his particulars, asked what his religion was, he replied "Parsee", to worked worked for naval intelligence at Stanmore (an out-station of the Bletchley Park Viceroy's Viceroy's Council. The episode of the 'Ilbert Bill' created a political furore at

the the Middlesex Regt in When the the First War. World Sergeant Major, who was to to the general reader and social historians of the The second War. World author

Based Based on a number of family letters, it tells the story of the author's grand­

November November 1944. 'The naval sisters are so nice, are the haywire VADs but quite

Americans Americans or Europeans, although the staff were being Indianised): 'I recall Asia, Asia, of obvious interest to members, but with a wider public in mind too.

Kent Kent House Colombo: Letters from Wren. a 1944-1945 Jean Chitty

anecdotes, anecdotes, for example at Jamshedpur (where most of Tata's officials were

vate vate car (there were no staff cars or official jeeps then), there are humorous

strikes strikes many evocative chords of recognition of now a bygone era. (SLM)

duties duties carried out, but still managed to write home regularly lively, chatty let­

plus plus postage, pp189 edly edly KAO Naoroji, the grandson of Sir Dadabhai Naoroji, MP. This book

under under Ministry of Defence regulations, to reveal anything of the important

be be Parsee."' Though the author does not name this Tata official, it is undoubt­

well well the Russian war scare over the Afghan frontiers, the acquisition of Upper

headquarters) headquarters) and subsequently in Colombo, Sri Lanka. She was not allowed,

which which the Sergeant Major replied, "Either 're you RC or C of E, but you can't the the time and remains a landmark in the history of British India. It covers as too. too.

her her hospital bed. A light, but enjoyable, relaxing read, and nicely illustrated

one one of the Indian officers who had been educated in England joined and up in good good at the job and the ayahs never stop giggling, whether they just have been

social social events and chatter, despite being laid low with dengue fever in

claimed claimed it was 'clerical work'. Disarmingly, she kept up a lively round of

father, father, Sir Courtenay Ilbert, who spent four years as Legal Member of the

cursed cursed into heaps or not. So the aunosphere is marvellous', she recorded from

This This is an unpretentious little paperback with a certain charm that will appeal

This This is the twenty-fifth book in the BACSA series about Europeans in South

The The

Tunbridge Tunbridge Kent TNll

~y ~y

per­

1932-

specific~l­

untrame!led untrame!led

were were

thoughts thoughts then

66 66

~our ~our

for much of his hf e e for he has much been of a his sketcher, pamter and hf m

of of Victorian and Edwardian India, and become part of a senes

Denis Denis Hayes Crofton

the the subject

to to

Rutherford, Rutherford, Sir Hugh Dow and Mr Jairam Das Daulat Ram. Amidst the

Governors Governors of Bihar - Sir Maurice Hallett, Sir Francis Mudie, Sir Thomas

the the August 1942 disturbances, and Secretary after this to five distinguished

District District Magistrate Shahabad (now the districts of Rohtas and Bhojpur) after

Secretariat, Secretariat, and then a deputation to the Government of India at Delhi/Simla;

al al officer at Giridih (now a district) and Dalbhum; a spell in the Bihar

and and sub-divisional and settlement training, arpur; subdivision­ mainly at Muzaff

been been reproduced, vividly help recall to the Indian scene.

watercolours, watercolours, and such sketches and beautifully-colourful paintings that have

The The book encompasses his initiation into the ICS after Oxford; his marriage,

hindsight•. hindsight•. Moreover,

person person you then were, uttering what

ing ing from some of the letters written to his wife and parents. Validly the author

recalls, recalls, 'a letter quoted verbatim and in its proper context is the voice of the

1994 1994 Marg Publications, Tata Ltd. 18, Grosvenor Place, London SWlX 7HS

Civil Civil Service, has recorded the main events of his life India, in mostly by quot­

The The author, initially of the Bihar cadre of the ICS, and after of 1947 the Home

Souvenirs Souvenirs of a Competition WaHah: Letters and Sketches from India

(Tel: 071 071 (Tel: 235 8281) £35.00 plus postage, ppl48

lm lm

by by Marg Publications. (PR)

ly ly

interiors interiors and details providing an additional dimension. It is to be hoped that

this this inspired publication will be followed by more volumes, devoted

The The volume is richly illustrated with many unique photographs, which include

close close proximity to Stevens' grand creation.

who who was responsible, among other buildings, for the noted Victoria Terminus.

Office, Office, an architectural triumph which is often overlooked, partly by being in

another another article. It is refreshing to read about this later period as opposed to the

The The author stresses, for example, the fine spatial qualities of the General Post

earlier earlier decades, which were dominated largely by the work of FW Stevens,

such such an impact on the growth of Edwardian Bombay, form the subjects of

environment environment in general. The architects, George Wittel and John Begg, who had

reveals reveals much about the poet's personal feelings concerning buildings and the

Shahzadpur Shahzadpur (now in Bangladesh), and lastly those at Shantiniketan. It also

sonal sonal involvement with the city. Another article devoted is to the various hous­

the the subject of another article which provides a deep insight into both the well­

es es of Rabindranath Tagore, at Jorasanko in north Calcutta, at Shelidah and known known and the minor buildings of the period, reflecting the author's close rail­

the

writer's adored

Terrell, was able

types of locomo­

the

38

breadth of the country. And

death of

of a new book. Not to peek at

editor, Richard

the

contains too much that is irrele­

the

It is all there:

with

of Authority' from the Railway Board

length and

69

back pages

the

the

a 'Letter

with

railway enthusiast.

local contacts, to trace her grave. Still in excellent condi­

the

Exploring Indian Railways

for

to check the index theand bibliography.Bill Aitken has provid­

book

BACSA and

Roberta, who caught smallpox in 1927. She is buried at Poona, in the

ending, but

mother, Faith Sulpice Sepulchre][St cemetery,and

1994 The Radcliffe Press, 45 Bloomsbury Square, London WClA 2HY through tion after 64 years, it bears the inscription 'Thou omamentedst her / Making her reverently amiable'. George was sent boardingto school in England, which The end came suddenly, and tragically,

Another well-presented edition from The Radcliffe Press, who specialise in he found too painful to record, and later pursued a successful career in the

annotated by BACSA member Richard thoughTerrell, it would have been nice to know where Sholapur actually is (present day southern Maharashtra). ExploringIndian Railways Bill Aitken

colonial service, mainly in Africa. His memoirs have been well edited and

colonial books. (RU)

£19.95, plus postage, ppI36

the

ed pages of double-columned17 index fivepagesand ofThis bibliography. is a fair warning that vant to the main subject. The author loves the Indian railways and is full of praise for the professionalism and the dedication of the staff who operate and It is often useful to tum first to gauge and the narrow gauge branch lines where steam engines linger, long after havethey earned theirrightful place Railway a in Museum.

tives, redesigned rolling stock, varying track gauges, the complexity of opera­ manage this vast undertaking. He has an obvious preference for the metre tions, the ingenuity of engineers, the stupidity, the corruption, the political interference. In spite of overcrowding and hordes of ticketless travellers, the

daily services carry millions of passengers, their livestock and theirbelongings, upon slow journeys,but safe across This is a this is only part of the service which is soundly based on a freight system which operates extensively and without a great deal of competition from road transport.

Bill Aitken armedhimself

which opened most EngineStation,Workshop, and Shed Railway Office doors, but could not quite disarm the lingering suspicion that his camera might record

way system where new lines and changes in place names make it hard for the

proof of inefficiency or malpractice. However it did enable him to secure some

excellent photographs to illustrate book.this Sadly lacking is a map of

were

baba

mother

'Indian'

the

they

their

a completely

driver sitting at

in

than

Laidlaw's, Bombay,

memories like learn­

many ways. 'It was

&

a white

better

in

with

of late Victorian imperial politics.

other, happier

spoke Urdu

a warm-hearted and intelligent liberal

68

they

with

rightly, they saw India as their real home

in

of two pet dogs under a train at Poona are

girls at Whiteway

and his brother Paul 'and told us in their soft

sidecar, rashly attempted to drive it, and were

with an Indian driver sitting in front.' The dis­

our grandparents ...our and grandparents set down

written extensively about their early lives, usually

longa

little boy

shifting background

must have been a very disturbing experience for a child

parents. Quite

...

home of

the

the pretty Eurasian

accidental deaths

of in a

its wickerwork

their

Raj have

the

of nostalgia, for indeed it was a golden period when

the

the

Paul, seeing dishes at tablebeing offered to George, and anxious

Non-Members (that will interest readers) interestwill (that Non-Members

the

than

with

by

a haze

were surrounded India in by loving ayahs and servants, to whom

back, instead

1995 BACSA 1995 £9.00 plus £1 postage, pp204 (paperback)

Books [These should be ordered direct notand via BACSA] ing device ing of hindsight (the 'little did knowwe then' syndrome). Quite horrify­ ingevents like 'uprooted from ing to ride and swim, and visits to the Therebazaar. were summer holidays in through went out. Even stranger to ride in a hansom cab, Mussoorie, where the youngsters, fascinated by their father's big the give the children English lessons, for log tongue. Baby not to be left out, would pipe up 'Hum bhi' (me too!) and Humbi became his and found visits to England depressing and cold, strange' wrote Roche of London in 1919,'never to see a brown face when one who fussed around Principal of St Hilda's in 1965. voices how well each garment would suit us'. Grandparents in London had to unusually vivid picture of daily life motorcycle, bewilderment by refusing to eat first. at family, set against dainful shop assistants at Harrods, he noticed with childish candour, were very very soundly walloped for their pains. The arrival of their little sister, Sylvia, often closer different from described in matter of fact language, nickname well into adult life. strange environment Children of of three', notes the author sympathetically, as the little girl expressed her This entertaining book is told from a child's point of view, without the irritat­

Childhood India:fromin Tales Sholapur George Roche,ed. RichardTerrell Colonial Office after the second World War, and returning to Oxford as

The author had a distinguished career herself, serving for ten years in the year were as a result of malicious representations by the Travancore reader to follow the author as he hops around without an apparent plan, from Delhi to Bombay, to Calcutta, to Assam and even to Cape Comorin, now Government. renamed Kanya Kumari. (PS) In later rears ~he found ti':11eto review her notes and in 1974 to complete a 1994 OUP Delhi Rs.350 pp279 (Obtainable from Ram Advani, Bookseller, manuscnpt which was to he neglected for nearly fifteen years until, after her Mayfair Building, Hazratganj PO Box No. 154, Lucknow 226001, India, by death in 1989, it came to the attention of Dr Kooiman, who tidied up some of sending a sterling cheque for £10 for despatch by registered air-mail) the text and layout and arranged publication. It makes a good and informative, though not too easy read, especially for anyone with an interest in the machina­ No Elephants for the Maharaja Louise Ouwerkerk tions attending the socio-political development of Travancore State and the Do not be deceived by the title. A jolly romp through the annals of the Raj in subsequent transition, with Cochin, into Kerala. Oh yes, the Elephants. When the company of Princes and Proconsuls this book is not. Edited by Dr Dick the young Maharaja went walkabout on certain religious occasions he was Kooiman and based on an unpublished manuscript completed in 1974, it is now accompanied by a pageant of elephants. Fifty years on the pageant is reduced sub-titled Social and Political Change in the Princely State of Travancore to an ancient Rolls Royce. Sic transit. (PdeJ) (1921-1947), a touch less catchy one must admit and somewhat of a tum-off. 1994 Manohar Publishers, New Delhi. Available in the UK from Jaya Books In truth it might well be named ''The Life and Times of Sir CP" referring to Sir 14 Oakford Road, London NW5 IAH £17.50 plus postage, pp318 ' CP Ramaswami Aiyer KCIE KCSI &c &c a Tamil Brahmin of infinite resource and sagacity (pace Kipling), quondam Member of the Viceroy's An Enchanted Journey: the Letters of the Philadelphia Wife of a British Officer Executive Council and India's representative at the League of Nations who was of the Indian Army Alan Jones appointed in 1936 to be Dewan of Travancore. In the Florentine arena of State The author during World War Two had served in the 19th King George V's and Palace politics in the quarter century leading up to Independence, the Own Lan~ers. At a dinner party in Philadelphia, he learned that a fellow guest Junior Maharani and her son the Maharaja, together with their Dewan Sir CP, was the m~e of _a lady of Philadelphia, who, in 1908, married Lt Col Offley widely regarded as the Machiavellian puppet-master, confronted the growing B~hun Stovm F~irless S~ore, then posted in Canada. He belonged to the 18th pressures arising from the demand for responsible government, the rise of both ~mce of Wales Own Tiwana Lancers, which had subsequently been merged the National and State Congress movements and communal tensions between m the 19th Lancers. Jones was asked if he would like to look at a box of some the caste Hindu Nambudri and Nayar communities, the Ezhava under-class, the thousand letters 'which have been in storage for years, unlooked at.' This book Muslims and the Syrian Christians. is the result. Louise Ouwerkerk, born in London of Dutch parents in 1904 graduated from The box contained the unsorted letters of Caroline Perry Sinnickson, born 27 Cambridge in 1925 with a degree in Economics. In 1929 she had secured an appointment in the Maharaja's Women's College in Trivandrum, capital of Au_gust 1s70, and written, after her marriage, to members of her family in Philadelphia f~om ~ttawa, India, California and London. They end in 1922, Travancore, where she progressed in time to become Acting Principal and then in 1937 Professor of History and Economics in the newly established when after bemg widowed in that year, she settled in England. She passed away in 1956 in a 'grace and favour' apartment at Hampton Court. She was a University of Travancore, while maintaining her position in the Women's compulsive letter writer. Her running commentary on the prominent figures College. In these circumstances she was well placed to observe, record and to a and events of the period are shrewd, often witty and always straightforward. degree participate in the march towards political em~cipatio~. Through??t her 'I_'heletters are a love story. In a late and childless marriage their mutual devo­ time in Trivandrum Miss Ouwerkerk was closely mvolved m the pohucs of uon never faltered. The book's title comes from one of these letters in 1917 education and with such organisations as the International Fellowship and the from London, when her husband, now a Brigadier General, had proceeded on Travancore State Congress. She saw much of the Dewan who impressed her an attachment to the Russian Army at Tbilisi (then Tiflis) in Georgia. greatly, though from time to time she crossed. sw?rds with him, to such ~ffect 'Perhaps', she_wrote, 'it is because I have lived for years, as though I pursued that her eventual dismissal from the State service m 1939 was more than hkely an enchanted JO~mey -:Vith him'. Their 'enchanted journey' encompasses many at his instigation. It is also quite possible that her subsequent dismissal in 1940 years of travel, mcludmg seven years residence in India, as well as the health from the post of Principal of the Government Women's College in Bangalore and financial anxieties of the later years of their lives. Throughout there flows and internment under the Defence of India Rules on undisclosed charges for a

71 70 her love and admiration for her husband, and evidence of his for her. A splen­ didly produced enchanting cameo of the peri?<1,~hich lives up to the ~tie ?f the book, with biographical notes on all the 1dent1fiable persons a~peanng m Books From India the letters. The Foreword is by Lord Weatherill, who also served m the 19th Lancers in World War Two. (SLM) Chowkidar readers will have noticed that an increasing number of books 1994 The Pentland Press Ltd. 1 Hutton Close, South Church, Bishop reviewed are printed in India at very reasonable prices. This reflects the enormous steps that Indian publishers and printers have made in the pro­ Auckland, Durham. £18.50 plus postage, pp447 duction of high quality books over the last decade. Good Indian books can equal anything produced in Europe or the Far East, with excellent More Books colour reproductions. The problem has been to obtain books, without an excessive mark-up, so the Editor was pleased to find a bookseller in For family researchers with computers the Society of Genealogists publishes a India who can help. Anyone who has visited Lucknow during the last quarterly magazine called 'Computers in Genealo_gy' and a beginners ha_nd­ forty years will also have visited the bookshop of Ram Advani on book (£4.50) which details software programs available. Contact The Society Hazratganj, for the 1wo are synonymous. Here the reader finds not only of Genealogists, 14 Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road, London EClM one of the best bookshops in northern India, but also meets a man who 7BA (Tel: 0171 251 8799) truly loves books, who loves people, and who generously shares his many contacts with visitors. His son, the author Rukun Advani, wrote To be reviewed in the next Chowkidar is BACSA member Lee Langley's new recently that 'I was spoilt by my father's bookshop into believing that novel A House in Pondicherry to be published in July 1995 which promises to this ought to be the culture of book-buying anywhere. It was a realm of be another good read from the prizewinning author. unreal, antiquated pleasure.'

Ram Advani began his career as a bookseller in Rawalpindi in 1944, fol­ lowing family tradition. His maternal grandfather ran a well-known chain of bookshops called J. Ray & Sons in Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar and Murree. During Partition the family lost practically every­ thing and had to start from scratch in Lucknow in 1948. His prompt and courteous service has made his establishment something of a rarity in India. He stocks most BACSA books and has agreed to supply BACSA members with any recent book published in India at the rupee price, with a small charge for despatch by registered air or sea mail. Readers can send a sterling cheque made payable to Ram Advani, adding £3 for reg­ istered airmail for a slim hard back and £2 for a slim paperback. Alternatively readers may order a book which will subsequently be invoiced. Catalogues and price lists will be sent on request. The address is: Ram Advani, Bookseller, Mayfair Building, Hazratganj PO Box 154, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Back cover: Advertisementfor the Elgin Mills Co.from Thacker's Directory,1907 (see p59)

72

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