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September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25653 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS NEED FOR A DOLLAR COIN handicapped, but would remove various and each purchase would subtract an incre­ hidden costs of the outmoded dollar bill. ment. The installation cost is estimated at a It would also be a sensible acknowledg­ minimum of $750 per machine. As is the HON. MORRIS K. UDALL ment of inflation. In the past 30 years, the case with subway tokens and travelers' OF ARIZONA Consumer Price Index has risen from 84.3 checks, the seller of debit cards would have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to 338.7, a four-fold increase. Today's dollar the use of the cash for goods and services Tuesday, September 29, 1987 is the quarter of the 1950s. In the Eisenhow­ not yet consumed; and of course the cost of er years, a buck would buy hamburgers, machine changes would eventually be borne Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, there is ample evi­ french fries and soft drinks for two at by the customer. dence suggesting a need for a new dollar McDonald's or Cokes for an entire baseball In addition, without prompt currency coin. Merchants, vending machine manufac­ team. Today, it is no longer the threshold of reform many more mass-transit authorities turers, and metropolitan transit authorities a moderate purchase. will be forced to follow the example of the Moreover, a dollar coin would remove nu­ Cleveland, Washington and Chicago sys­ have long known that inflation and consumer merous inconveniences from modern life. habits render the dollar bill outdated. tems, which recently spent $5 million, $8.7 With paper bills, we cannot make a long-dis­ million and $15 million respectively to refit A dollar just doesn't buy what it used to. tance call on a pay phone, buy a Sunday The Sunday edition of most major newspapers buses with new fare machines to accept paper from a street box, drive through a toll dollar bills. Yet Metro's old fare boxes costs a dollar. A pound of butter or a half booth or use a long-term parking meter. We would have accepted a dollar coin. gallon of milk both costs more than a dollar. wait in lines as Metro's farecard machines reject, then (perhaps) slowly accept bills. The New York City bus system has an In fact it seems you can't buy much for under easy solution to the paper-dollar problem: It a dollar anymore. Yet we continue to use bills And the list of annoyances goes on. doesn't accept them. No token or change, no for what really ought to be a coin denomina­ THE HIGH COST OF MONEY ride-in spite of the phrase "legal tender for tion. The American taxpayer would save over all debts" printed on all U.S. bills. A dollar Dollar bills cost more. The average life of a $50 million annually if a coin replaced the coin would, however, negate the need for dollar bill is 18 months. Coins, on the other dollar bill, according to a 1979 Federal Re­ tokens, which are now used for about 37 serve estimate. The reason: Coins last ap­ percent of New York's bus fares. hand, last 20 years. It is estimated that switch­ proximately 20 years; dollar bills only 18 ing to a dollar coin could save the Treasury The RP Foundation Fighting Blindness is months on average. '!'he cost of handling concerned about its members' ability to dif­ over $50 million a year. Add to that the sav­ worn-out bills runs to $16 million a year. ferentiate among various currency denomi­ ings to vending machine manufacturers and And although coins wear 13 times longer, nations. If there were no dollar bills in cir­ metropolitan transit authority of not having to they have only a slightly higher initial ma­ culation, small purchases by the visually im­ outfit machines to accept bills and the savings terial and minting cost-three cents apiece paired could be made without fear of acci­ to American consumers is really quite sub­ versus 2.6 cents for a bill. dental spending a large bill or of being stantial. These life-cycle savings would increase cheated when receiving change. Many blind dramatically as the population and economy persons have devised their own system for The is lagging behind the expand and more dollars are needed. From major industrialized nations in minting a dollar telling paper bills apart: For example, fold­ 1976 to 1986, for example, the number of ing fives in half, tens length-wise, twenties coin. Japan, Australia, Great Britain, and many dollar bills printed annually increased from quartered and singles unfolded. Technology other countries have switched to coins for the 1.4 billion to 3.1 billion. In 1986, $1 bills ac­ offers another solution: a six-pound talking equivalent of our dollar bills. The Canadians' counted for 47.5 percent of all bills printed; paper-money identifier for $625. new dollar coin has been met with enthusiasm some 3.8 billion are currently in circulation. there. Based on Treasury estimates, the Fed CONFUSION AT THE EDGE We have known for some time that the would have to pay a total of $1.3 billion

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 25654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1987 Recognizing the problems of a paper-based joined to form the Coin Coalition. The ties, a few of these have been released in the currency system, they have introduced group is calling for modernization of the last few months. Recently, Egor Volkov, the high-denomination coins, and in every case U.S. currency system through the issuance have removed or phased out the bill of the of a well-designed dollar coin and a phased oldest known victim of psychiatric abuse, was same demonination: 1982, the 500-yen in removal of the $1 bill. transferred from a special psychiatric hospital Japan; 1983, the 1-pound in England and Critics may well object that the elimina­ operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the 10-kroner in Norway; 1984, the dollar in tion of dollar bills would add too much an ordinary facility under jurisdiction of the Australia. Two weeks ago, Canada joined weight to the American pocket. But for those who In view of this relatively good news, the answering blind persons' chief objection to prefer paper, there is always the $2 bill, Commission is troubled by the case of a the Suzie-that it was hard to tell from a which is very popular in Canada and Aus­ former Aeroflot navigator, Anatoly Sokurenko, quarter). tralia. Because the Canadian dollar retains the Some people fear that a dollar coin would a Ukrainian resident of Riga, Latvia. Mr. So­ same dimensions as the Anthony dollar, make it easier for vendors to charge a buck kurenko flew with Aeroflot for 9 years; every U.S. vending-machine manufacturers, which for a Coke and for transit authorities to year he was required to take a strict physical export 90 percent of the machines used in raise their fares to a $1. But the cost of ma­ and mental examination to continue his em­ Canada, will be able to employ existing coin­ terials, labor and capital remains the driving ployment with the Soviet National Airline. validators designed to accommodate the force of inflation, not the form of our cur­ Suzie. By doing so, Canada also saved the rency. A coin at the dollar threshold will no There was never the slightest doubt about his expense of having to inventory and measure more cause inflation than its absence will mental health until March of last year when coins from every country in the world: The prevent it. There was no dollar window on Mr. Sokurenko was arrested for openly dis­ United States had already performed that gas pumps in 1973-but did that keep gaso­ cussing foreign radio broadcasts and for criti­ task in designing the Anthony dollar, to line prices under a dollar after the Arab oil ensure that no foreign coin of inferior value cizing Soviet foreign policy. In July 1986, he embargo? was sent to the infamous Serbsky Institute of would accidentally prove to be interchange­ Although there is no organized opposition able with the Suzie. If the United States to currency reform, there is substantial Forensic Pathology in Moscow, where the were to change the dimensions of a new $1 public inertia. Just as with Uniform Product doctors diagnosed him as mentally ill. On the coin, it would require a new measurement Codes and the recent extension of Daylight basis of this diagnosis, Mr. Sokurenko was re­ inventory, entailing further delay. And mil­ Saving Time, a major educational campaign manded to the psychiatric section of the Riga lions of coin-operated machines would have is required to demonstrate that currency to be refitted. Central Prison, where he stayed from Septem­ reform will help fight inflation and reduce ber until December 1986. During this time he U.S. designers had rejected a multi-side, government spending. flat-edged coin for the Suzie because valida­ In successive steps, the United States has was subjected to forced injections of drugs tors in coin-operated machines require a gone off the gold standard, removed silver that caused him to go into convulsions, which coin that rolls down a chute; a coin with flat from its coins and ceased to honor silver cer­ moved his doctors not to compassion, but to sides might slide or bounce. So the Anthony tificates. Controversy accompanied each laughter. dollar was made round. But along the inside change because an article of faith-faith perimeter, an 11-sided figure was stamped in In December 1986, Mr. Sokurenko was being the basis of all money-had been al­ transferred to the Ordinary Psychiatric Hospi­ relief to aid in differentiation. The Canadi­ tered. an Mint made its dollar coin 11-sided, and Money is, after all, whatever a society tal in Riga where he was held until May 1987. solved the "bounce" problem by making agrees on-shells, beads, metal or a bank's Although presently at liberty, he is still on the each side an arc instead of a straight edge. computer printout. As Drake University eco­ notorious psychiatric register. He must report HOW MONEY MAKES MONEY nomics professor Dwight Saunders used to monthly to a local psychiatric dispensary to Having been burned by the rejection of tell his students, "Remember, we're only demonstrate that he is healthy. He may, at the Suzie, the Treasury Department is re­ talking about ceremonially blessed dirty luctant to take the lead in reintroducing a rags and mud pies." any time, be sent back to a hospital against dollar coin. There are still half a billion of his will. He now believes that he has no future the original 800 million Anthony dollars sit­ in the Soviet Union and wishes to emigrate to ting unused in the vaults of three U.S. THE CASE OF NAVIGATOR ·the West. Mints and 37 Federal Reserve branches SOKURENKO While this was happening to Anatoly Sokur­ across the country. The accounting system eno, in November 1986 his parents were seri­ used in creating money has posed barriers HON. STENY H. HOYER to destroying these coins. Here's why: ously injured in a hit-and-run auto accident on To mint a dollar, one cent's worth of OF MARYLAND the streets of Riga. The driver of the auto in metal strip is purchased through the Mint's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES question was relea!?ed on bail and no further Coinage Metal Fund from private metal fab­ Tuesday, September 29, 1987 action has been taken. His mother is still ricators. at its serve human suffering without compassion today I would like to introduce a briefing paper recent national convention denounced the or callously dismiss the agony of others by submitted by a number of my constituents that impact of the new immigration legislation abandoning families within our communi­ was prepared by the Immigration Task Force as resulting in "the systematic destruction" ties to the indifference of bureaucracy. The of the League of United Latin American Citi­ of the Hispanic family unit. destruction of even one family unit is one Supporters of the Roybal measures fur­ too much. zens regarding the legalization Family Unifica­ ther argue that failure to grant legal status tion Acts of 1987. to the family members of the newly legal­ When Congress enacted the Immigration ized aliens is inconsistent with our stated FRANKIE LAINE-SINGER AND Reform and Control Act of 1986, a serious national policy of family reunification. How­ HUMANITARIAN flaw was included in the law that was ignored ever, upon closer review it appears that our in the consideration of the bill and has not national policy is characterized more by the HON. TOM LANTOS been corrected. Under current law, the Immi­ division of families rather than by its reuni­ gration and Naturalization Service can deport fication. As recent as 1977, Congress enacted OF CALIFORNIA the spouse and children of aliens who apply a law denying the right of U.S. citizen chil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dren to petition for the admission of their for legalization if they personally have not alien parents as residents until they become Tuesday, September 29, 1987 been in the United States since January 1, 2 years of age. This law has been and is re­ Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, today I would 1982. The resulting effect of this provision is sponsible for much of the dislocation of like to pay tribute to the well-known Frankie to encourage family separation and to discour­ families in our community. In order to move Laine. Although he is recognized for his sing­ age undocumented aliens who are eligible for beyond the facade of humanitarianism and ing, I would like to call the attention of my col­ legalization to come forward, which I am sure the rhetoric of the family unit, it is impera­ leagues to his humanitarian efforts. was not the intent of my colleagues when tive that Congress not only enact the Legal­ ization Family unification Acts but also All of us are familiar with the distinctive bari­ they passed the immigration reform measure. tone voice of Frankie Laine. It is the voice This is why I am pleased to be a cosponsor repeal the aforementioned current law which denies U.S. citizen chidren the right which made hits of such songs as "Rawhide," of the measures introduced by Congressman to live with their parents in the U.S. The "Mule Train," and "(Ghost) Riders in the EDWARD ROYBAL, H.R. 1812 and H.R. 1813, family unit should not be reduced to either Sky." It is also the voice that brought strength the Family Unification Acts, which would waive an anomaly or to an exception. Instead, it to the inspirational song "Lord, You Gave Me the continuous residence requirement for the should be endorsed as the central moral and a Mountain." philosophical feature of our current immi­ spouse and children of a qualified applicant The voice of Frankie Laine continues not for legalization. If the purpose of the legaliza­ gration policy and law. The failure to grant derivative status to only to add strength and inspiration to songs tion provisions in IRCA is to be served, we but also to the lives of senior citizens in Amer­ must rectify this situation. I would urge my col­ the spouses, children and parents of aliens eligible for legalization has also been listed ica. Mr. Laine, whose concerts are sold out leagues to support the Family Unification Acts. as one of the main reasons why the legaliza­ everywhere he sings, often performs at fund­ SUPPORT FOR THE FAMILY UNIFICATION ACTS tion program has gotten off to a slow start. raising concerts for groups such as Jobs for A state-wide coalition of Hispanic, reli­ Many immigrants eligible for amnesty are Senior Citizens, Meals on Wheels, and the gious and labor organizations is seeking pas­ holding back in order to anticipate the ef­ Friendly Visitors Organization. All of these or­ sage of the Legalization Family Unification fects of the new law upon their friends and ganizations help our senior citizens. Through Acts. The bills, introduced by Congressman relatives who have come out of hiding. If Roybal and co-sponsored by 5 Texas Con­ they find that families are being torn apart, his efforts, thousands of dollars have been gressman (Coleman, Leland, Frost, Busta­ many will not come forward. But it would be raised to benefit our Nation's elderly. All this mente and Ortiz) seek to amend the newly a mistake to view the failure to grant legal he has done despite undergoing quadruple enacted amnesty law which grants tempo­ status to family members of eligible amnes­ bypass surgery a year ago. rary residence to only those individuals who ty applicants as mere oversight. Rather it is Mr. Speaker, I would like to recognize and have continuously resided in the U.S. prior part and parcel of the contradictory and in­ commend Frankie Laine for his untiring efforts to 1982. The new law fails to provide "deriv­ flammatory framework in which Simpson­ to help our senior citizens, one of the most ative status" to the spouse and children of Rodino was enacted that precludes a suc­ aliens who qualify for legalization. Wives cessful legalization program. neglected groups in our Nation. His actions as who joined their husbands after 1982 are in­ The sending of mixed signals by legalizing well as his songs are an inspiration to all of eligible for amnesty. Children reunited with some family members and exposing others us. their parents, or born outside of the U.S. to deportation, as well as the simultaneous after 1982, also do not qualify. Parents of enforcement of employer sanctions and am­ U.S. citizen children born in the United nesty, is having a chilling effect upon those CASE VAN DER EYK, SR., RE­ States between 1982 and November 6, 1986 eligible for legalization.· But even assuming CEIVES "DAIRYMAN OF THE cannot qualify. In short, the new legaliza­ that all family members of those qualified YEAR AWARD" tion program breaks up families. amnesty applicants were legalized, the pro­ The campaign is an attempt to voice the gram as defined by INS would fail because HON. JERRY LEWIS Hispanic community's widespread support the number of undocumented aliens predict­ for the Roybal bills for essentially three ed by INS simply is not there. Three OF CALIFORNIA reasons: 0) it is morally correct to keep months into the year-long application proc­ . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES families together; (2) it is consistent with ess has resulted in approximately 250,000 Tuesday, September 29, 1987 our stated national policy of family reunifi­ applications having been filed with INS, a cation; <3> it is undermining the success of far cry from the 3.9 million predicted by Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, it the current legalization program. INS! gives me great pleasure to have this opportu­ Proponents of the bill are dumbfounded Indeed, INS has become a victim of the nity to recognize and congratulate Mr. Case that a self-declared pro-family administra­ administration's own propaganda. In order Van Der Eyk. On October 16 of this year, he tion has failed to support or draw attention to pass the Immigration Reform and Con­ will receive the "Dairyman of the Year to the plight of families torn apart by the trol Act of 1986, it was necessary for its pro­ Award." legalization program. Moreover, our oft ponents to exaggerate the number of "ille­ cited Judea-Christian tradition of whole­ gals" in the country and therefore create Case Van Der Eyk, Sr., was born in Holland some family life and integrity has been all the sense that we had "lost control of our and emigrated to the United States in 1947. but abandoned by the administration as borders." Supporters of Simpson-Rodino After living in Artesia for 4 years, he started well as by Congress. In fact, the Los Angeles argued that as many as 12 million "illegals" his own dairy business in Torrance in 1951 . 25656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1987 He has lived in the Chino Valley for 25 years, ful that Kremlin leaders would have ended personnel mines constructed to resemble and for 36 years has dedicated himself to the their efforts to actually carry the war to the in­ toys. The toy bombs have been disguised as dairy business. nocent youth of Afghanistan. I am shocked to dolls, chewing gum, pens, trucks, combs, and learn that these efforts to terrorize the young other common objects. When picked up, This commitment to dairy farming has they explode. brought great results. The Van Der Eyk Dairy continue. The Center on War and the Child says currently milks 1,600 cows daily and has a I encourage our Government to do every­ that in a struggle for the loyalty of Afghan total of 5,000 cows on the property, including thing possible to work with the United Nations children, thousands between the ages of 6 replacement heifers and dry cows. Mr. Van and other organizations to bring these atroc­ and 9 have been transported to the USSR Der Eyk's career also includes his contribu­ ities to the attention of the world. Victimizing for up to 10 years of study. The purpose of tions to the dairy industry in ways that are far young kids in any war must be avoided by all this is to create a cadre capable of leading a removed from the cows he owns. He has nations. These atrocities severely undermine future communist Afghanistan. the credibility of the Soviet leader's claims The report makes clear that on the other served as chairman of the board of the State side of the war, among the mujahideen, Dairy Association, first vice chairman of the that he is sensitive to human rights issues and there is a corresponding attempt to indoctri­ board of the Milk Producers Council and vice is moving the Soviet Union in a new direction. nate young children. chairman of the Dairymen's Labor Committee. I would encourage him to take a look at In the schools across the border in Paki­ Mr. Van Der Eyk has also been involved in the maimed Afghan children if he wants to see stan, crowded with Afghan refugee children, California Beef Council, California Dairy Prin­ the reality of brutal Soviet policies in action. regular lessons are heavily laden with politi­ cess Committee, and the Milk Advisory Board. I commend the following Christian Science cal education. Says one school teacher: "We He was appointed to serve as a member of Monitor article on human rights violations in never just teach them that two plus two Afghanistan to my colleagues in the Congress. makes four. We say that two dead Russians the board of both the California Livestock I.D. plus two dead Russians make four dead Rus­ and the California animal health organizations. [From the Christian Science Monitor Sept. 16, 19871 sians killed by the mujahideen." While clearly he has devoted himself to pro­ With the exception of the Iran-Iraq war, moting the dairy industry, Mr. Van Der Eyk has (By John Hughes) where thousands of young boys have been managed to find the time to serve his commu­ THE AFGHAN CHILD AND THE BRIGHT RED sent on suicidal human wave missions, the nity. He was vice chairman of the Inland PLASTIC TRUCK calculated victimization of children in Af­ Home for the Aged and a member of the A week before, Soviet armor and para­ ghanistan is as gruesome a use of children board of the Church on the Hill. Family life troops had pulled out of the area in Af­ in warfare as one can imagine. ghanistan's Ningarhar Province. So far the Arkansas institution chron­ has also been a priority. Nelly and he have Behind them they left a variety of toys, icling this cruelty is not impressed by the been married 44 years, and are the proud par­ scattered by a riverbank. Among them: a character of Western protest. "Tragically," ents of 4 children and 13 grandchildren. The bright red plastic truck. A 14-year-old it concludes, "the Soviet Union has been tradition of dairy farming continues in the Van Afghan boy made the mistake of grabbing permitted to engage in a policy of genocide Der Eyk family; three of his children are now it. It exploded in his hands. It was one of directed at children of the resistance with involved in the dairy industry. the booby-trapped toys the Soviets are little challenge or moral condemnation from When asked what advice he would give to a using as weapons in their war against the ci­ the United States and the rest of the young person wishing to go into the dairy in­ vilian population of Afghanistan that op­ world." poses Soviet occupation. dustry, he said, "Dairying is not a get rich In this particular instance, the boy was quick proposition. It requires a lifetime com­ fortunate. The booby-trapped toy was defec­ LIVING UP TO THE IDEALS OF mitment." It is clearly evident that Mr. VanDer tive. He retained his fingers. Other children PAN-AFRICANISM Eyk practices what he preaches. Mr. Speaker, have been less fortunate. They have lost I ask that you join me in saluting Mr. Case hands, or even been killed. Van Der Eyk. He serves as an outstanding ex­ This is part of the toll the Afghan War-a HON. MERVYN M. DYMALL Y ample to us all as a man who has dedicated war that has taken a million civilian lives OF CALIFORNIA himself to his business-not only for profit­ and caused more than 3 million refugees to flee Afghanistan-is inflicting on children. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but for growth and improvement in the entire The story of this toll, and the suggestion Tuesday, September 29, 1987 industry. He is a most deserving recipient of that children are sometimes singled out by the Dairyman of the Year Award, and it gives the Soviets for intimidation and terror, has Mr. DYMALL Y. Mr. Speaker, I wish to bring me great pride to congratulate him upon his been collected in a report by the Center on to your attention the remarks made by Chief achievements and to wish him continued suc­ War and the Child, an Arkansas-based foun­ Abiola, of Nigeria, to the Publishers' Forum cess. dation. According to Richard J. Parker, the during the Congressional Black Caucus Legis­ organization's director, the center has two lative Weekend, September 26-27, 1987. other reports underway, one on the role of AN AnDRESS TO THE PuBLISHERS' FORUM OF EXPLODING TOYS FOR AFGHAN children in the Iran-Iraq war, and another THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS, WASH­ KIDS: FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE on the impact of conflict in Uganda on chil­ INGTON, DC, SEPTEMBER 26, 1987 dren. "Children," he says, "shouldn't be the victims in wars fought by adults." (By Bashorun M.K.O. Abiola> HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD Mr. Parker says the center accepts no gov­ Chairman Dymally, my brothers and sis­ OF MICHIGAN ernment money for its nonprofit operations ters, it is with a real sense of joy and pride IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and espouses no particular ideology. Thus that I seize this opportunity to address your while the Soviets bear the brunt of its criti­ Caucus. Indeed, it is a great privilege for me Tuesday, September 29, 1987 cism for cruelty to children in Afghanistan, to be introduced to a Congressional organi­ Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the Sovi­ the use of children by the mujahideen, or sation about whom I have heard so much, ets are still killing Afghani children with ex­ freedom fighters, is also chronicled disap­ particularly in regard to your activity pro­ ploding toys. While Mr. Gorbachev talks about provingly. grammes and concerted efforts which are Citing a study prepared for the United Na­ aimed to influence American foreign policy glasnost, Soviet soldiers intentionally target tions Commission on Human Rights, along in Africa, along the path of justice and de­ children and brutalize them. The world must with a variety of eyewitness accounts, the cency. be told about these unspeakable Soviet atroc­ report confirms the use of booby-trapped When the torch of Pan-Africanism was lit, ities which so clearly illustrate the brutal side toys and soap against children, the conscrip­ it was by the deft hands and audacious of Soviet foreign policy. tion and deportation of children to the spirit of African Americans and Caribbean I recently received news reports that Soviet Soviet Union, and the indiscriminate bomb­ Africans like Dr. William E.B. DuBois and military units continue to scatter "booby­ ing of villages resulting in the death of chil­ Marcus Garvey, both of blessed memory. trapped" toys, soap, chewing gum, and other dren. The torch was carried to the heart-land of There are also accounts of the execution Africa at a significant moment in history of common objects which draw the attention of and burning of children which are too African emancipation from the clutches of innocent Afghan children. I first learned of this graphic to be recounted. slavery and the debilitation of colonialism. unbelievably cruel Soviet military program a Perhaps one of the most cruel and moral­ The torch kindled the tortured hearts and few years ago. When the United Nations ini­ ly offensive Soviet tactics against Afghan minds of Africans and African Americans tially reported on these activities, I was hope- children, says the report, is the use of anti- alike and, in the ensuring enlightenment, September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25657 both Africa's liberation and the civil rights ated by imposed political instability in ones". Your opinion on that remark cannot movement, in the United States, became a Africa and the economic crunches of past be too different from mine-but can we factor that pricked the conscience of the colonialism and present lack of realism, or really blame him? whole world. That voice of conscience is the for how long must we continue to blame co­ The 5-year Development Programme springboard of Pan-Africanism. It is still our lonialism, an era which was intended to end agreed to by the United Nations for Africa battle cry. It does not separate the issues of over 30 years ago in most countries? They is put at 128 billion U.S. dollars "to develop racial crisis in America from colonialism and all gathered with oneness of spirit and pur­ free markets and encourage individual initi­ neo-colonialism in Africa. It crystallizes a poses, to identify the problems and develop ative". This programme calls for scrutiny, function of generations of struggle on both strategies needed to tap the resources of study and pursuit at all levels of vested in­ sides of the Atlantic. It is the spirit force Africa and African Americans; to make terests. Bt how many of our brothers and that binds us all together. Years have green again the African fields, cultivate the sisters, African Americans, corporate or in­ passed, times have changed, but the objec­ land aplenty, gather the harvest, process, dividuals have begun to give these new de­ tives of our struggle have remained. It is our store and distribute the food and ensure velopments in Africa any serious consider­ own tum to rekindle the torch, tighten the that self-help is the best help. Indeed, is it ation? The agricultural and export sectors safey belts of the struggle, which is not yet not curious that there is food crisis in of the African economy, the most crucial over, and let the generations to come regard Africa? Is it in fact, true that Africans and vital, would need a serious push. Con­ our own part of the collective efforts with cannot feed themselves? These were some of signing this to the exclusive interest groups pride and dignity. But I can behold the light the questions. But we know, of course, that of the international community indi­ will be set. march on the golden road to true respect cate that no significant improvement has, in As African people we must develop the and acceptability, in America and the wide spite of grim expectation, been recorded on power base to find our own political solu­ world. the economies of African Nations because tions for the problems that beset us. This is There is power equation in world politics international responses to the 46 billion the purpose of this address. It is the mission today which play upon the lack of unanimi­ U.S. dollars recommended through normal of African Concord, the premier Pan-Afri­ ty amongst us, Africans and African Ameri­ channels of solicitation have been hopeless. can weekly magazine which I publish, and cans. The picture of the black man in the It is clear that the entrenched economic which circulates throughout Africa and the world today looms largely as that of impo­ policies of the various developed nations ex­ United States of America. tence and unwillingness to make do with the pected to bail out Africa on this score are Recently, under the auspices of African status quo. But there is no doubt at all in certainly responsible for the outcome. But Concord, the first Pan-African Conference my mind that we can find concrete and re­ for how long will African governments con­ was held in London to find solutions to the spectable trappings of African power if we tinue to rely on the cooperative generosity "Food Crisis in Africa". You are all aware of unite as one people. There are over 820 mil­ of the developed nations to relieve the the crisis: it is dramatised in daily news re­ lion of us. If our domestic and foreign rela­ plight of low income African nations? The ports carried by the western press. It is tions pivot on the strength of our oneness as time has come for new initiatives by a con­ shown on television in America and Europe, a people, determined to stand up and be cert of Africans and African Americans will­ the toll of famine and hunger, and endless counted, who can underrate us? What can ing to plan and explore alternative systems tracks of refugees, depicting a continent deter our forward march. The other races, of export promotion and business enter­ unable to feed itself, pictures of hopeless­ who believe that it is in the union of efforts prises. ness in leadership and self assertion, arous­ that the world can be developed into a I believe this is the time to remind our ing feelings and emotions, pricking the con­ better place for all the human race, cannot brothers and sisters, African Americans, science of humanitarians who rush in food wish us bad. this august congressional Black Caucus, aide. But you are all aware of the causes: The ideals of Pan-African power reside in that the Pan-Africanism, of the first order the drought and the desertification of the unity. We have emphasised the need for a adhering to a political agenda, launched by Sahel, the civil wars in the Sudan and Ethi­ union of the states of Africa as a prelude to such eminent African Americans as Dr. opia, South Africa's aggression against the Pan-African development. The evidences are W.E.B. Du Bois and executed by distin­ front-line states of Southern Africa, the clearly analysable. Pan-African develop­ guished Africans like Dr. Kwame Nkrumah racism of the super powers who aid and abet ment now dangles dangerously on the edge as President of the Republic of Ghana, has apartheid, the continuing manipulations of of a precipice what with many African coun­ cleared the way and we can now move to the African economies by the consortium of tries debt-ridden and engulfed in debt re­ end of the corridor for the next struggle those famous helpers with aids and loans, scheduling programmes of all shades. Eco­ bound up with the economic survival of our and the vested interests of other donor nomic and technical cooperation enshrined people. There is a lesson to learn from Zion­ supra powers of the developed nations. We in the blueprints of regional groupings like ism in all fronts. Israel is what it is today invited well known experts and specialists, ECOWAS, PTA, SADCC and others are because of it. Pan-Africanism is our own Africans and African Americans, from handicapped by an array of political and clarion call. Its clear rousing sound must around the world: agriculturalists, agricul­ ideological postures which are un-African. issue out of the consciousness at our dark tural educationalists, nutritionists, medical There is no denying the fact that activities skins and from the awareness that the co­ scientists, veterinarians, sociologists, politi­ of foreign transnational companies have louration is not skin deep. Our colour tag is cal scientists, practising politicians, medical now been quite tightly woven into the do­ not a stain. Let us mobilise its energy source practitioners and communicators. They all mestic fabric of African economies. Develop­ and dynamism to plumb new depths of assembled. Those who have been involved ment programmes are usually adhoc, float­ rightful existence and survey new heights of with finding scientific solutions, those who ed with panic measures, disjointed in orien­ advancement. These advancements can be are concerned with the political challenges tation and so alarmingly segregated with measured in areas which clearly display eco­ of the crisis, those who care about providing the result that the cry for aid from western nomic power. food aid to the hungry and starving inno­ donor nations have now become loud and The struggle in South Africa is economic; cent Africans-the children and their nurs­ persistent. Unfortunately, the louder we what sustains apartheid is economic power ing mothers, handicapped adults and the de­ cry, the less attention we get. President and it is provided mainly through the collec­ prived aged people who are· continually Reagan referred, a few months ago, to the tive support axis of Great Britain, the forced in-between the cross fires of wars ere- whole African people as "those unfortunate United States and West Germany, to name

91-059 0-89-38 (Pt. 18) 25658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1987 the ring leaders. On record we can appraise states has opened the doorway to African needs and expect others to run to our aid. Is efforts to influence American policy on unity. The governments of Angola and Mo­ it not better for each of the leaders to lead South Africa by the Congressional Black zambique have been pushed to realise the in rotation than wait for the type of sudden Caucus. These are encouraging. The adop­ hollowness in their diplomatic efforts to death that visited Samora Machel? Or do tion by the U.S. House of Representatives of preserve their independence and national they think that his will be the last? Or for a comprehensive sanctions bill against sovereignty in seeking a peaceful solution to how long must we rely on foreign troops to South Africa is memorable and one is full of the serious situation prevailing in Southern underwrite our independence in any part of great admiration for the courage of Rep. Africa. Despite persistent threats to their Africa? And what will happen if other na­ Ronald V. Dellums musters over 60 mil­ emancipation of Southern Africa and the Justice William 0. Douglas said in 1952, lion people. The countries comprise Mozam­ defeat of apartheid. In view of the hand "The right to be let alone is indeed the begin­ bique, Angola, Tanzania, Zambia, Zim­ writing on the wall, let the governments of ning of all freedom." babwe, Botswana, and Lesotho, all inde­ the Front-line states, as a matter of cause, Surely then, official opposition to privacy or pendent and sovereign. South African ag­ resolve forthwith, and without equivocation an unwillingness to recognize it as a constitu­ gression on the Front-line States continues to form the nucleus of the Union govern­ tionally protected right is the beginning of the without let or hinderance. It has ruined ment of African states. The existence of this their economy to the extent estimated at union government is the only solution to end of all freedom. over 10 billion U.S. dollars per annum. South Africa's aggression standing as one I'll leave it to Judge Bork and his colleagues South Africa pursues a policy of destabilisa­ nation bound by the same destiny. Let them in the legal community to argue over whether tion against these Front-line states by co-op­ by this resolve stand up in battle readiness or not a citizen's privacy is protected by the erating with rebellious gangs of its creation to fight the common enemy. It will be a Constitution. · like UNITA in Angola and MNR in Mozam­ practical application of an ancient African Ira Glasser, the executive director of the bique, causing destruction to life and prop­ philosophy that a stick or broom can be American Civil Liberties Union, thinks it is. erty, brutally damaging infrastructures of broken easily but a bunch of brooms cannot agricultural and other development be broken, even by nuclear power. I sym­ Mr. Glasser made his case in an interview projects, rushing thousands into death by pathise with those looking for the nuclear with Bill Moyers on Public Television recently. starvation and turning tens of thousands bomb but I submit that the most potent Excerpts from the interview follow. into shelterless refugees. South Africa bomb is already with us in the practical ap­ GLASSER. They certainly didn't imagine pushes the Front-line States into economic plication of those basic wisdom that enabled those huge concentrations of private power. strangleholds that prompt them to beg the us to survive as a people when others, sup­ They lived at a time when private power IMF and other western transnational banks posedly more advanced, had become extinct. was enormously fragmented in a rural, for loans and credits to prop themselves up The defeat of apartheid, therefore, does agrarian society, when most people worked to continue to spend money on porous de­ not need the use of weapons, or a call for on, lived on or owned small farms, very fences, with most of the "weapons" brought economic sanctions whether mandatory or small farms. They saw the private sector as from the same nations that provide the voluntary, or a recourse to strikes by work­ a check on the government. They saw the credits. This strategy only creates loopholes ers on the mines which can be stifled, effec­ protection of the private sector as a protec­ to make the Ji'ront-line States economically tively, by South Mrica's prevention of any tion against government power because they dependent on South Africa. Thus, for exam­ outside financial assistance to the strikers, never thought that threats to liberty could ple, Zambia and Zimbabwe are forced to use as happened six weeks ago. The weapon come from the private sector. The only con­ South African railways and ports facilities needed to defeat apartheid resides in the centration of power they worried about was to export and import goods because the will of the Front-line states to unite in a the concentration of government power. Beira Corridor is being continually bombed union government, amalgamate their dis­ MoYERS. Has the growth of huge organiza­ by the MNR South Africa's surrogates in tinct resources and allow instant African tions in the private sector affected basic lib­ Mozambique. brotherhood and the spirit of oneness to erties? The devastating economic situation dictate the pace for a new alignment of GLASSER. Yes, that's right. Because the caused by South Africa on the Front-line body and spirit. We cannot whistle for our Constitution only limits government action. September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25659 Now the fact of the matter is that most peo­ rights against the government because it GLASSER. That's right. And when the gov­ ple's rights depend much more today upon saw the government as the only danger to ernment has that power, it endows the gov­ what their employer does than on what the those rights. Today we know that there are ernment with a potential for mischievous­ government does and what the cop on the other dangers. So we have to find other ness that the founders of this country were beat does. Ask any of the ACLU's 50 state mechanisms to protect those rights. well afraid of, but that we have become used branches, "What is the most frequent com­ to. plaint you get in your office?" The answer is A POTENTIAL FOR MISCHIEF employment-related complaints. It's people GLASSER. In the eighteenth century, every complaining about something that hap­ body's personal papers were in their house ON THE lOOTH ANNIVERSARY OF pened to them on the job that they are pow­ or in their place of business. Well, most of THE LITTLE FLOWER SCHOOL erless to deal with. "My employer is trying our personal papers are not at our houses to do something to me that I don't think is anymore or our places of business. They're right." on computer disks. They're in the custody HON. ROY DYSON THE VALUE OF PRIVACY of third parties-banks, insurance compa­ OF MARYLAND MoYERS. You're saying that [the Fourth nies, medical insurance, your employer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If you want to find out something about Amendment] applies to the workplace or Tuesday, September 29, 1987 should? somebody, just look at their canceUed GLASSER. I'm saying that that principle checks and their credit card receipts. Now if Mr. DYSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in should. This was not a principle that was you kept those at home the government tribute to the Little Flower School of Great developed by some Harvard Law School pro­ couldn't search. But because someone else is Mills, in the First District of Maryland. This fessors, you know, sitting in their ivory keeping them, the government can go and year, on October 3, the school will celebrate towers. This was the product of searing per­ get them merely by subpoena. You don't know about it and they don't need a war­ its 1OOth anniversary. sonal experience. They wrote that in be­ Little Flower has always succeeded in turn­ cause the early Americans, the colonists, all rant. The Supreme Court has been asked to had the experience of having their homes extend the Fourth Amendment protections ing out individuals of high caliber. The school busted into by British soldiers, having their to third party custodians of your personal combines physical, emotional, spiritual, intel­ furniture torn up with bayonets, having papers, but it has declined to do so on the lectual, and moral training to young Catholic their clothes and their persons searched, be­ grounds that the Fourth Amendment only students which helps to prepare them for the cause the British were looking for violations protects your house and your place of busi­ challenges they will face in the future. of the Stamp Act. Even though most of the ness. Classes were originally taught by parishion­ people searched were not involved in those So now we have a Fourth Ame~1dment ers of the then newly established Holy Face crimes and there was no evidence to suggest which continues to protect the places where that they were. Of course, most of the the information used to be kept, but the in­ Parish. The parish was served by Jesuit fa­ people searched were the people who were formation has flown the coop. It isn't there thers until 1961, when the priests of the Arch­ against the Crown. The political activists. anymore. All that information is out there, diocese of Washington were sent to St. So they created this balance. You could floating. And anybody can plug into it. It Mary's County. Little Flower now serves the search the person, you could go into their was one thing when all that information families from the parishes of St. George, Holy house and search, but you had to have good was fragmentary and it got lost. But now Face, St. Cecilia, Immaculate Heart of Mary, reason to do it. You had to have a oasis to the information is persisent. It persists over and Patuxent River Naval Station. believe that there was evidence of a crime time and it persists over space. It doesn't go The original wooden building housing the and you couldn't decide that yourself. You away whether it's accurate or not. It doesn't had to convince a judge, a third, neutral go away whether it's relevant or not. And it school evolved over the years into the present party. That's what the search warrant proc­ follows you everywhere. And even if it's on a brick building which contains classrooms for ess is. lot of different computers, if you could link grades one to eight and houses the kindergar­ What's happening increasingly today is we those computers up with something like a ten in its basement. are being told, "Oh, those were quaint social security number, all of a sudden over­ From 1927 until 1953, the Little Flower values that worked in the eighteenth centu­ night you have a national dossier. School was served by the Sisters of St. ry in a rural, agrarian society when things MOYERS. But isn't that happening? Joseph, who left due to a lack of personnel. were simpler. But our society is too com­ GLASSER. It is happening. The administration of the Little Flower School plex, too dangerous now to permit those MOYERS. Do you think that anyone envi­ kinds of things." The attempt to adapt sioned that the social security number was then undertaken by the Sisters of Notre modern conditions to those eighteenth cen­ would become chief, if not the chief, identi­ Dame de Namur until 1972, when the Sisters tury values is an attempt that constantly fier of human beings in our society? of St. Joseph were able to resume this re­ comes up against the argument, "Oh, that GLASSER. They did envision it and they sponsibility. worked than. It won't work now." prohibited it. That was one of the big objec­ Mr. Speaker, the quality of the education MoYERs. But you know, I go through this tions in Congress to the creation of the 1-Jrovided by Little Flower School is known document-I've been through it several social security number in the first place. throughout southern Maryland. So on this the times. There's no mention of the word 'pri­ There were people in Congress who said at vacy' in here. But you're talking about the the time, this is going to end up being the 1OOth anniversary of the school, on behalf of value of privacy. universal identifier, a kind of concentration the entire First District of Maryland, I would GLASSER. On yes, there's no question that camp number that everybody gets at birth like to express my heartfelt gratitude for the when you have an amendment that talks and it's going to make it possible for the long years of service provided by this fine in­ about prohibiting the government from government to do great mischief. Over time stitution. coming in whenever it wants to your house, what happened is that more and more uses what are you talking about if not privacy? of the social security number unrelated to The Fourth Amendment is the privacy the administration of the social security NORTH CAROLINA HEARINGS amendment. The word is a word that char­ program were authorized by Congress. And ON SMALL BUSINESS AND FED­ acterizes that, but that's what the Fourth more and more uses began to be legitimized. ERAL PROCUREMENT Amendment does when it says the govern­ You apply for college, they want your social ment can't come in. William Pitt said, you security number. You apply for a loan, they know, every poor person in his shack with want your social security number. You try HON. H. MARTIN LANCASTER his roof not fixed, the rain may enter, the to open up a bank account, they want your OF NORTH CAROLINA wind may enter, but the King of England social security number. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may not enter. That was the spirit behind MoYERS. What's wrong with it being an the Fourth Amendment. identifier? I mean, it does make things more Tuesday, September 29, 1987 MoYERS. And now you're saying that we've efficient. It gives you a ready imprimatur, Mr. LANCASTER. Mr. Speaker, I would like tamed, to a considerable extent, the impulse no matter where you go. It enables you to to draw the attention of the House to field of government to enter our private quarters, save time in tracking down information. hearings held by the House Committee on but there's a whole new force out there in What's wrong with that? the private sector that represents an equal GLASSER. Because it's a key to all the de­ Small Business in Sanford and Raleigh, NC. kind of threat to our privacy. tails of your life that it is nobody's business These hearings were hosted by Mr. PRICE and GLASSER. That's right. The Bill of Rights to know. me. Mr. LAFALCE chaired these important was an expression of a brief that people MOYERS. And they can go fishing in hearings, and Mr. MAVROULES, Mr. HAYES of have certain rights. And it protected those waters that are not their own. Illinois, and Mr. UPTON were also present. 25660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1987 The objective of these hearings was to ex­ CABINET LEVEL VA GAINING present the concerns of its constituency di­ amine the workings of the Small Business Ad­ SUPPORT rectly at the cabinet level. ministration's loan and advocacy programs, In a bipartisan push now under way, 25 senators and 194 members of the House of with an eye to the reauthorization of the HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON Representatives have endorsed the proposal agency next year. OF NEW YORK to elevate the VA to cabinet-level status. Three panels of witnesses testified in San­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ford during the afternoon portion of the hear­ Tuesday, September 29, 1987 ings. The first panel consisted of a single wit­ NEED FOR CREDIT REFORM Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, legislation I ness, Mr. Gary Keel, who is the district direc­ have introduced (H.R. 1707), to elevate the tor of the Small Business Administration in Veterans' Administration to a Cabinet level de­ HON. LEON E. PANETTA Charlotte, NC. Mr. Keel contributed the invalu­ partment continues to gain support in Con­ OF CALIFORNIA able insight into these programs that only a gress and across the country. A majority of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manager of these programs could provide. the House has now sponsored the legislation. Tuesday, September 29, 1987 The second panel was made up of contract­ Mr. Speaker, today I will insert into the ing representatives of several of the military RECORD a recent story carried by the United Mr. PANETIA. Mr. Speaker, I would like to installations from in and around North Caroli­ Press International which makes a strong share with Members of the House an excel­ na's Third District. Ms. Ann Barefoot repre­ case for upgrading the Veterans' Administra­ lent op-ed article on the need for credit reform sented Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, Mr. tion. authored by the chairman of the House Martin Honan represented Pope Air Force Budget Committee, BILL GRAY, and the rank­

September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25677 the turning of a word into a commodity: an them. Subsequently, all four have been founded in 1892 with nineteen charter mem­ account we'd just come across in the San chosen to appear in the CONGRESSIONAL bers, however the church building was not Francisco Examiner of a memorial service RECORD: dedicated until1911. for Dr. Thomas Waddell, one of the defend­ While these churches were among the ants in the U.S.O.C. suit, who had died of LIFE OF JOHN B. FORD, FOUNDER OF FORD first to form an assemblage and construct a AIDS. others that helped to develop Ford City's re­ was held in the rotunda of San Francisco's Born on November 17, 1811, in Kentucky, ligious culture. Although the erection of the City Hall, and in the course of it Dr. Wad­ John Baptiste was the third child of Jona­ churches brought periods of financial strug­ dell's wife, Sara Lewinstein, announced that than and Margret Ford. Jonathan Ford died gle and sacrifice for the newly organized the U.S.O.C. had officially removed a lien it when young Ford was only three, leaving congregations, the inspiration and dedica­ had placed on Dr. Waddell's house to defray Ford's mother to raise the family. Having tion of each parishoner helped build a its legal costs in pursuing its case. Evidently, no father, Ford spent his youth with his proud heritage of love and devotion in the the house, which Dr. Waddell has renovated grandfather, Jean Baptiste. spiritual essence of Ford City. himself, was his major asset, and he'd Throughout Ford's earlier years, he spent wamted to pass it on to his four-year-old his time as a saddlemaker's apprentice, look­ THE HISTORY OF FORD CITY, PA daughter, Jessica. He died not knowing for ing toward a brighter horizon and a more (By Melanie Klaput) certain whether he would be able to do so. prosperous future. It was during this time in The sad irony in all this is that Dr. Wad­ Ford's life that he moved from the Ken­ In its centennial year, Ford City cele­ dell was an Olympian-even Congress and tucky area to Indiana, where he spent the brates and remembers its proud heritage the Olympic Committee would have had to next twenty-nine years of his life and mar­ and the man who started it all. allow him access to the noun, by virtue of ried Mary Bower. With her, Ford fathered The town of Ford City, located in Western his participation in the Mexico City Games seven children, five of whom died at an Pennsylvania, was established in 1887 by in 1968, as a member of the United States early age. John Baptiste Ford, the original founder of decathlon team. He finished a much-more­ Continuing the idea of a promising future, the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company in than-respectable sixth, within shouting dis­ Ford began a career in plate glass manufac­ Creighton. Ford, needing land to build an­ tance of the gold medalist, Bill Toomey. At turing. His business was a success; and soon, other plant, scoured the valleys along the the Mexico City Games, Dr. Waddell sup­ the many glass companies built by Ford Allegheny River until he found an extensive ported the American sprinters John Carlos were amassing quite a fortune for their piece of flat land. This land was ideal for his and Tommie Smith after they gave owner. One of these companies was Pitts­ plant because of the availability of raw ma­ clenched-fist Black Power salutes during burgh Plate Glass, located between Rosston terials, natural gas and coal, and a railroad the medal ceremony, and his conduct made and Manorville. The location of the town in and navigable river. Ford purchased this the U.S.O.C. angry. And as a physician in which the plant was built was named Ford land and began construction of the factory the Army, in the sixties, Dr. Waddell openly City in 1887, in honor of the plant's found­ the following year. Soon it took rank as the criticized this country's involvement in the er, John Baptiste Ford. Shortly after, in largest plate glass factory in the world. Vietnam War; he came close to being court­ 1888, the production of plate glass was un­ During its first decade, Ford City grew rap­ martialed for his anti-war statements. Ulti­ derway. Ford was approximately seventy­ idly, increasing its population from practi~ mately, Dr. Waddell became a tireless fight­ seven years old as the manufacturing at cally zero to three thousand. er for gay rights and gay pride. He was, it Ford City began. In 1898, John Ford returned to Ford City seems clear, a man with the courage of his Being a great businessman, Ford's city and once again helped develop a new indus­ convictions, and by all accounts he was a and glass manufacturing companies thrived. try. Along with John Wick, Jr., Ford estab­ gentle, intelligent, and charming person. It's Ford was ninety-one years old when he lished a pottery plant. The plant changed unlikely that he would ever have threatened passed away at his home in Creighton. By hands many times until eventually it was to take away a dying man's legacy to his the time of his death, Ford had acquired a purchased by the Eljer Company in 1918. daughter. large sum of both tangible and intangible The Eljer Company, still in production The one bright light among these gloomy property, totaling some ten million dollars. today, specializes in sanitary ware pottery. events was Dr. Waddell's bravery in facing However, Ford will be most remembered for Although Ford City is usually thought of his illness. Everyone around him was awed his philanthropic contributions to society. as a factory town, it has also gained recogni­ and inspired by his will and humor and tion for its observance of Memorial Day. strength of character. His last words were THE HISTORY OF FORD CITY'S RELIGIOUS Several days before Memorial Day, mem­ "Well, this should be interesting." HERITAGE bers of the local Lions Club distribute can­ dles to every home in the town. At precisely In every age and among every race there ten o'clock Memorial Day night, bells in all THE lOOTH ANNIVERSARY OF is a primal instinct that impels man to share the churches begin to toll, all lights in the FORD CITY, PA and express his beliefs. The people that entire town are turned off, and all cars come Captain John B. Ford brought to Ford City to a halt. The candles are then lighted and a HON. WILLIAM F. CLINGER, JR. from Germany to work in his glass plant prayer is spoken, piped throughout the highly valued their heritage and their town on loudspeakers so that all can hear. OF PENNSYLVANIA American freedom of religion. These immi­ After about ten minutes the candlelight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service is completed and life resumes its grants shared a common desire to bring the normal course. Tuesday, September 29, 1987 Word of God into their newfound communi­ ty; thus, in 1888 they organized a Union In this its centennial year, Ford City Mr. CLINGER. Mr. Speaker, this year marks Sunday School which was the first Protes­ proudly remembers its past and the heroes the 1OOth anniversary of Ford City, PA, a town tant religious gathering in the town. This who made this town memorable and unique. in the congresssional district that I am privi­ Union Sunday School became the founda­ leged to represent. On this special occasion, I tion for many religions that chose to estab­ FORD CITY'S ETHNIC INFLUENCES wish to bring the attention of my colleagues to lish churches during this period of growth. Show that Judge Bork's judicial phi­ tive rights, which cannot be deprived even if City's family tree. losophy does not favor the political goals of due process is given, supposedly arise from conservatives or liberals; an individual's "liberty" interest. But what (3) Show that Judge Bork's judicial phi­ are these rights? There is no way of tell­ JUDGE BORK'S JUDICIAL losophy is not only correct, but required by ing-until the Supreme Court tells us. PHILOSOPHY the Constitution. Essentially, substantive due process is a SEPARATION OF POWERS fiction created by the judiciary to strike HON. JON L. KYL Judge Bork's views on the role of the judi­ down legislation with which the judiciary disagrees. Although now used nearly exclu­ OF ARIZONA ciary can be summed up quite easily: "A judge is not a legislator." It seems a simple sively to "liberal" political ends, the doc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and obviously true proposition, yet most at­ trine was originally created in the 1930's by Tuesday, September 29, 1987 tacks on Judge Bork focus on his refusal to conservative Supreme Court justices who sought to stop President Roosevelt's New Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, as the Senate hear­ act like a legislator. But the President cannot make rulings on guilt or innocence­ Deal legislation. These justices disagree ings on President Reagan's nomination of that is for the judiciary. The Congress with Roosevelt's progressive legislation, and Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court wind cannot negotiate treaties-that is for the created substantive due process as a means down, and the Senate vote on his nomination President. And the judiciary cannot make to protect free market capitalism. looms in the immediate future, I would like to laws-that is for the Congress. Obviously Faced with President Roosevelt's court­ submit for the RECORD an analysis of Judge Judge Bork understands the constitutional­ packing scheme, the Supreme Court eventu­ Bork's judicial philosophy, prepared by Citi­ ly required separation of powers better than ally changed its view of the New Deal legis­ his critics. Invariably, their concern is not lation. The doctrine of substantive due proc­ zens For Decency Through Law, Inc., from ess fell out of favor, until it was revived in Scottsdale, AZ. the Constitution, but the bottom line on particular issues. That is why they rail the 1960's in the case of Griswold v. Con­ SUMMARY against Judge Bork for being "against abor­ necticut. 3 But this time liberal judges were Citizens for Decency Through Law, Inc., tion," even though he has never publicly ex­ the activists, using the theory of substantive strongly urges the United States Senate to pressed any view on the wisdom or morality due process to protect non-economic "priva­ confirm Judge Robert Bork as an Associate of the practice. cy" interests discovered floating in the "pe­ Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Judge Bork is not, in a legal sense, numbras" of the Bill of Rights. But all that Judge Bork's lengthy and distinguished "against" abortion. In fact, given his self­ talk about "penumbras" and "privacy" legal career provides him with superb quali­ avowed libertarian leanings, he quite possi­ means only that the Supreme Court didn't fications to serve on the Court. His under­ bly might oppose any restrictions by the like the fact that Connecticut prevented the standing of the role of the judiciary, and his state on the practice of abortion, if he were use of contraceptives, even by married cou­ approach to constitutional interpretation a voting member of Congress. But as a ples. But the Court needed some justifica­ are consistent with the separation of powers judge, his personal views about abortion are tion to strike down the law. provided for the authors of the Constitu­ completely irrelevant. When asked to decide Eight years later the Supreme Court in­ tion. Specifically Judge Bork understands, whether a state law outlawing abortion vio­ formed us that this "zone of privacy" also as does the Supreme Court, that obscene protected a woman seeking to abort her lates the Constitution, the question for a 4 and pornographic materials is outside the judge is not: "Should abortion be illegal?" child. But in 1986 we found out that it doesn't protect homosexual sodomy.5 As protection of the first amendment, and can but "Does the Constitution prevent states constitutionally be proscribed by communi­ Judge Bork points out in his criticism of from outlawing abortion?" The judge may Griswold, this kind of judicial creation does ties and states. believe strongly that women should be free INTRODUCTION not provide any "neutral principles" upon to obtain abortions, but unless he finds which to base a decision. That leaves only Judge Robert Bork has been described by something in the Constitution that says the subjective value preferences of whoever opponents as a "rigid, ideological conserva­ otherwise, he must let the law stand as con­ happens to be on the Court. Judge Bork tive." He also has been derogatorily charac­ stitutional. But the approach taken by a di­ terized as "against abortion," "against por­ vided Supreme Court, in Bork's words, "con­ nography" and "against homosexual fuses the constitutionality of laws with Footnotes at end of article. September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25679 prophetically saw that the lack of guiding tution forbid the banning of obscene materi­ Since its inception on September 29, 1962, principles in Griswold would lead to the al?" KMEX has hosted a variety of programs deal­ confusion of extending the right to one To answer that question, Judge Bork ex­ ing with issues relevant to the Hispanic com­ amines the free speech clause of the first group and not munity and the community at large. KMEX another (homosexuals): amendment in an attempt to discern what "Griswold, then, is an unprincipled deci­ the Framers intended it to protect. At the was the first station in the United States to sion, both in the way in which it derives a time he wrote the 1971 article, Judge Bork produce a Spanish language morning maga­ new constitutional right and in the way it believed the Framers intended the first zine program. This program, "Mundo Latino," defines that right, or rather fails to define amendment to protect only explicitly politi­ began as a local program which moved to na­ it. We are left with no idea of the sweep of cal speech: tional broadcast and finally international the right of privacy and hence no notion of "I am led by the logic of the requirement broadcast in 1987, when it became the first the cases to which it may or may not be ap­ that judges be principled to the following weekday morning program linking Los Ange­ plied in the future. The truth is that the suggestions. Constitutional protection should be accorded only to speech that is les, Miami, and Mexico City. KMEX was the Court could not reach its result in Griswold first Spanish language station to broadcast all through principal. The reason is obvious. explicitly political. There is no basis for ju­ Every clash between a minority claiming dicial intervention to protect any other political conventions as well as election cover­ freedom and a majority claiming the power form of expression, be it scientific, literary age live with Spanish language commentary, or that variety of expression we call obscene beginning with the Presidential elections of to regulate involves a choice between the 8 gratifications of the two groups. When the or pornographic." 1978. In contrast to critics' portrayal of Judge In addition to recognizing KMEX television Constitution has not spoken, the Court will Bork as a rigid, inflexible conservative, he be able to find no scale, other than its own has since amended his view, stating that the for its revolutionary approach to Hispanic tele­ value preferences, upon which to weigh the vision, I would like to commend the station 8 Framers intended more than explicitly po­ respective claims to pleasure." litical speech to be protected by the first and all those involved for its outstanding If Judge Bork truly were a "rigid, conserv­ amendment. Nevertheless, his inquiry re­ record of public service to the community. ative ideologue," he certainly would have mains the correct one: "What did the Fram­ supported the use of substantive due proc­ "Navidad En El Barrio," a nonprofit organiza­ ers of the first amendment intend that pro­ tion which began at KMEX, conducts annual ess to strike down liberal legislation in the vision to protect?" rather than "What limi­ 1930's. But Judge Bork has made clear his telethons and raises hundreds of thousands of tations do we think should be placed on dollars to benefit the needy of the community view that substantive due process is wrong speech?" The latter is a question to be de­ when used to conservative ends, wrong bated by the legislative branch of govern­ at Christmas time. In 1985 KMEX led a move­ when used to liberal ends. He has been just ment. But when judges start talking about ment among its sister stations to raise money as critical of the use of substantive due the "broad principles" contained in the first for disaster relief and other charitable causes. process to protect the free market as to amendment, this invariably means they are More than $20 million was raised for victims create a "right to privacy." He would not be departing from the intent of its authors, a "conservative activist" on the Supreme of the earthquake in Mexico City, the mud­ and substituting their ideas of what should slides in Puerto Rico, the floods in Colombia Court. be constitutionally protected for what actu­ When the Court acts to strike down ma­ and the earthquake in El Salvador. ally is protected. Judge Bork, on the other KMEX television provides an invaluable jority legislation without explicit authority hand, is committed to the principle that a from the Constitution, all that has hap­ written Constitution is meaningless if we service to a very unique community. During pened is that the power to make law has pay no attention to the intent of the men the past 25 years of its existence, this organi­ been shifted from elected representatives to who wrote it. Without the anchor of "origi­ zation has proved itself as a source of infor­ five unelected lawyers. Right now liberals nal intent," judges would be free to make mation, a link for members of the Hispanic are happy with substantive due process, be­ their own value preferences a part of consti­ cause it has served their political ends. But community and an important part of that com­ tutional law, thus essentially usurping the munity's social service network. For this ex­ once upon a time it served the interests of law-making function from the legislative conservatives, and it may do so again. That emplary record I would like to commend branch. Judge Bork would resist the temp­ KMEX and its president and general manager is why it is in the interest of all to support tation to impose his will on the country, and the confirmation of Judge Bork, who would would return the judicial branch to its Danny Villanueva for a quarter of a century of apply "neutral principles" in a manner that proper role of interpreting, not making law. service to the Hispanic community. would serve the political interests of neither the left or the right, and return the "impe­ FOOTNOTES rial judiciary" to its proper role under the 1 R. Bork, "Neutral Principles and Some OUR GROWING ECONOMIC VUL­ Constitution. First Amendment Problems," 47 Indiana L.J. 1, at 28. NERABILITY TO FOREIGN IN­ INTENT OF THE FRAMERS 2 Id., at 21. FLUENCE Judge Bork's intellectual pursuit of a 3 381 u.s. 479 <1965). theory of constitutional interpretation that 4 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 <1973). is "neutrally derived, defined and applied," 7 5 Bowers v. Hardwick, 106 S.Ct. 2841 HON. JOHN BRYANT led him to what is now called an "original (1986). OF TEXAS intent" methodology. Essentially, propo­ 8 Bork, 47 Indiana L.J. at 9. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nents of this methodology assert the seem­ 7 Id., at 23.Id. ingly non-controversial view that the Con­ 8 Id. at 20. Tuesday, September 29, 1987 stitution means what its authors intended it to mean. Mr. BRYANT. Mr. Speaker, there are in­ An example of Judge Bork's method of KMEX TELEVISION, LOS ANGE­ creasing signs everywhere that foreign flags constitutional interpretation is given in the LES, CA, 25TH ANNIVERSARY are flying over the American economy. As you 1971 "Neutral Principles" article. Specifical­ know, I have worked over the last 3 years to ly, Judge Bork takes the correct view that improve the quality of the information our pornography was never intended to be pro­ HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL OF CALIFORNIA Government collects and makes available to tected by the first amendment guarantee of policymakers and researchers-so we can free speech. This is the same view taken by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES make sound policy judgments rather than the United States Supreme Court in every Tuesday, September 29, 1987 decision on the subject-that category of debate in the dark. I authored an amendment material that is legally "obscene" is outside Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to to the House trade bill that would achieve this the protection of the first amendment. And congratulate television station KMEX of Los objective; foreign interests and their allies in this is why Citizens for Decency Through Angeles, CA, on 25 years of service to the the Reagan administration are doing every­ Law, Inc. supports the confirmation of Hispanic community. For more than 23 years thing they can to defeat it. Judge Bork. His correct view of the Consti­ KMEX was the only Spanish language televi­ Since he has come to Congress, my col­ tution leadS him to the correct legal view on sion station serving Hispanics on a continental league ToM McMILLEN has taken an active particular issues, including the issue with which CDL is concerned. basis. This pioneering effort allowed the His­ and leading interest in this vital issue and has Again, Judge Bork recognizes that the panic community of Los Angeles the opportu­ been a strong supporter of my efforts. In a question for a judge is not: "Should obscene nity to play a more active part in its political, recent speech to the Baltimore Council on material be banned?" but "Does the Consti- social, and cultural environment. Foreign Relations, he spoke eloquently on the 25680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARI:S September 29, 1987 urgency of responding to this economic chal­ tive to the variances of interest rates in strength by demonstrating their ability to lenge. global markets. manipulate the U.S. bond market by creat­ For the benefit of my colleagues, and the Last year, these inflows of foreign capital ing distortions that resulted in huge losses American people, I am inserting the speech in into the United States provided two thirds for several American firms. Shortly thereaf­ of our net investment funds. Felix Rohatyn, ter, the applications were approved. An­ its entirety into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. the architect of New York City's financial other example came in March when the ad­ SPEECH OF CONGRESSMAN TOM McMILLEN bailout, estimates that foreign investors ministration announced that $300 million in Two years ago this month, after a deterio­ purchased one half of the American Treas­ tariffs would be affixed to Japanese elec­ rating U.S. trade balance, finance ministers ury bonds offered at auction last year, fi­ tronic imports. The next day the stock from the group of five nations of the United nancing our Federal budget deficit. Other market was open, Japanese investors States, Japan, West Germany, Britain, studies, and Federal Reserve figures show, dumped so much equity that the Dow fell France, and Italy met at the Plaza Hotel in that foreign institutions will buy more of by 57 points. At the previous Treasury bond New York in an effort to talk down the our stocks this year than will Americans. auction before the sanctions were an­ dollar to lower the United States trade defi­ This reliance on foreign capital to meet nounced, Japanese investors bought about cit by making American exports cheaper American economic needs is just as danger­ 40 percent of the offering at an average and foreign imports more expensive. ous as our reliance on foreign oil to meet yield of 7.49 percent. In April, after the tar­ Since this meeting, the dollar has fallen our energy needs. A prudent level of foreign iffs, Japanese investors bought only 20 per­ from 265 yen to less than 150, a 40% devalu­ capital invested properly is certainly not in­ cent, forcing the yield up to 8.9 percent. ation in our national asset. Yet recent jurious to our national economic health, but Clearly steps must be taken to reduce our monthly trade figures indicate that our in excess, such an addiction can be very dan­ dependency on capital from abroad. Not trade deficit this year will actually be worse gerous. Already, constraints are being im­ only does the American dependency threat­ than the record figure of almost $170 bil­ posed on American policy because of our en our domestic political sovereignty, but it lion. vulnerable debtor position. Because of the inhibits the economic growth of developing Quite frankly, ladies and gentlemen, this need for foreign capital to continue flowing nations as needed foreign investment capital dollar-bombing trade policy of this adminis­ by our creditors into the United States and is drawn into the United States. tration has not worked in solving our trade to remain in present assets, the yield on 10- What are our options in minimizing our imbalance. Talking down the dollar ignores year Treasury bonds has climbed in the last dependency on foreign capital? the core problem of the United States 4 months from 6.9 percent to 8.5 percent, First, we need to require greater scrutiny spending more than it produces on domestic while the yield on Japanese bonds has de­ and disclosure of foreign investment in consumption, investment and Government clined from 4.7 percent to 2.9 percent. America. The House and Senate included spending that has caused the twin deficits Due to the need for foreign capital, par­ this in their trade bills; however, the admin­ in our Federal and trade accounts. What ticularly from Japan, the Federal Reserve istration opposes this provision. talking down the dollar and depreciating its has been forced to raise interest rates to Second, the Federal budget deficit must value has done is reduce the price of Ameri­ maintain a spread between American and be decreased to reduce the need for foreign can assets to where the United States has Japanese bonds sufficient to lure funds capital to underwrite the budget deficit. become the bargain discount store of the across the Pacific. This has raised the cost The next President faces $40-50 billion in world. of capital in the United States while reduc­ new spending to meet demands from strong The unique role of the dollar as the ing it in Japan. constituency groups in such areas as educa­ world's principle reserve and trade currency If the United States were to slide towards tion, housing and health that polls show allows the United States unparalleled ad­ a recession, policymakers would find mone­ have popular support. These new spending vantages and temptations. It has made the tary and fiscal tools restricted. initiatives will have to be restrained to United States exempt from external disci­ One monetary remedy to avert a recession reduce the reliance on foreign debt. Other­ pline, by allowing our economy to continue is to lower interest rates. But to keep fi­ wise, this growing foreign obligation will growing without having to endure a reces­ nancing the trade deficit and the budget represent a permanent addition to the sion to correct our trade deficit-but only deficit, and keep the billions of dollars for­ budget burden that America will take into through the intervention of borrowed eigners have invested in the United States the 21st century. Unfortunately our record money. But these advantages, if abused too from fleeing, interest rates will have to be Federal deficits provides only a partial pic­ long, can lead the country finally to destroy maintained at a high level. ture of the ties that bind future taxpayers its allure to foreign investors, cut off capital Fiscal policy will be equally restricted as to present public policy. The Federal Gov­ flows, and cause the dollar and the Ameri­ Congress will face difficulty in passing tax ernment has not only made vast promises to can economy to plunge. cuts as revenue will be needed to service the an expanding population of retirees, based As a result of our excess consumption the interest costs of foreign-held Treasury debt. largely on a prosperity that has yet to be United States has eclipsed Brazil as being It has been estimated that by the end of the achieved; guaranteed loans to a variety of the most indebted nation in the world. By decade, just to meet the interest and divi­ favored groups, ranging from students to the end of this year our foreign debt, the dends on foreign debt will absorb about $60 farmers; signed contracts, whose payments difference between our holdings abroad and billion a year, or more than 1% of the year's stretch into the future; insured bank depos­ foreign holdings here, will stand at $400 bil­ total GNP. Future administrations will not its and defined benefit pensions totaling sev­ lion, and continue growing by over $100 bil­ have the option of expanding the deficit or eral trillion dollars. Obviously it is of the lion annually-much of it used to pay for priming the pump to ignite the economy as highest priority to get our fiscal house in our Federal budget and trade deficits. Reagan did in 1981, with his trillion dollar order, both in on-budget and off-budget From various corners one will hear that tax cut which resulted in the Federal deficit items. the United States should not worry about growing from 75 to over 200 billion. How can Third, measures must be taken to encour­ its foreign debt. Former admini,stration eco­ a future administration even consider rais­ age Americans to save more and eliminate nomic figures such as Paul Craig Roberts ing the deficit to over 400 billion when so our domestic savings gap. The tax reform and Martin Feldstein have labeled the much of it already has to be financed from bill of last year which eliminated the capital United States foreign debt problem as abroad? These factors will limit the flexibil­ gains differential and investment tax credits phony issues and no cause for alarm. Rea­ ity of the Federal Reserve and Congress in may prove to be counter-productive for ac­ sons offered range from the accounting the next recession. In the first four months cumulating the necessary domestic savings methods that tally the debt load to its rela­ of this year, the only foreign investor to buy to rebuild our industrial base. In 1985, for tion to the total value of assets in the Treasury bonds was the Bank of Japan, example, domestic savings in the United United States. Others state that foreign in­ with over $20 billion in purchases. When States were $114 billion short of the $809 vestment in the United States is a cause for one Government is so dependent on another billion needed for investment and Govern­ celebration, not concern, as it increases em­ for a vital commodity in their economy, a ment borrowing. We must eliminate the dif­ ployment opportunities for Americans and degree of sovereignty is ceded to the other ference between the net demand for savings enriches our country with capital from country. In the decade ahead, we will see ex­ stemming from the needs to finance private abroad. ternal debt as the tie that binds govern­ investment and the Government deficit on Some of the $1.3 trillion that foreigners ments. the one hand and the net supply of domes­ have invested in the United States has been An example of this influence in the eco­ tic savings on the other. in direct investment, such as building facto­ nomic matters of the United States by for­ Japan saves more than four times per ries or buying companies. But the great ma­ eign investors was demonstrated at a Treas­ capita than the United States. As a result, jority, almost $950 billion, is in the form of ury bond auction in May, 1986. Japanese fi­ interest rates are lower, capital is cheaper portfolio investments, such as bank deposits nancial institutions, with applications pend­ and Japanese companies have a financing and securities. These holdings are very ing before the Federal Reserve for primary advantage over American firms. With a liquid and highly volatile, extremely sensi- bond dealership status, staged a show of greater supply of domestic capital in the September 29, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25681 United States, there will be a reduced need ACQUISITION CZAR GIVES UP 1988, we must look for opportunities to do for capital infusions from abroad. what the acquisitions czar could not do. The United States must reverse the pat­ tern of consuming more than it produces. HON. RICHARD J. DURBIN Otherwise, we will face a reduced standard OF ILLINOIS NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL of living to pay back the excess consump­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STUDY tion of the past several years. Finally, U.S. foreign debt will also be an Tuesday, September 29, 1987 important factor in determining our rela­ Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Speaker, I, along with HON. CHARLES W. STENHOLM tions with our NATO allies in the future. many of my colleagues, was relieved last year OF TEXAS Clearly, more and more pressure will come when the Defense Department created a new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to "burden share" the defense of the free world with our NATO allies and Japan, position to institute reforms in our noncompeti­ Tuesday, September 29, 1987 tive defense industry. These reforms were de­ when it is estimates that we spend over $150 Mr. STENHOLM. Mr. Speaker, in May of billion annually. There will be continual signed to eliminate some of the Pentagon's calls for our allies to shoulder a commensu­ worst excesses, including $7,622 coffee pots this year the National Academy of Sciences/ rate share of the defense costs. and $435 hammers, which have wasted bil­ National Research Council released a report Foreign investment in the United States is lions of our taxpayers' dollars. on poultry inspection. This was the second nothing new. Foreign funds underwrote the That sense of relief has now disappeared. committee of tile Academy to study meat and construction of many bridges, railroads and After less than a year in that job the Defense poultry inspection over the past 4 years, both other infrastructure projects in the United Department's "acquisition czar" has quit in at the req•.1est of USDA. The charge to the States in the last century. But the new wave disgust, complaining that "I can't make any­ first, which released its report in 1985, was to of foreign investment in the United States is thing stick." identify ways of increasing the scientific basis a typhoon by comparison. In the 1970s, it The establishment of this new position was of meat and poultry inspection. The second was feared that OPEC nations, flush with the principal recommendation of the Presi­ was specifically asked to use poultry process­ petro dollars, would buy up American assets dent's blue-ribbon commission, formed in the ing and inspection to develop an outline for a and own us. But their investment level was model system. only $10 billion. Our current foreign indebt­ wake of scandalous press accounts of De­ fense Department waste, fraud and abuse. The Livestock, Da1ry, and Poultry Subcom­ edness is running at $400 billion and threat­ mittee held comprehensive hearings in June ens to reach $1 trillion by the end of the The acquisitions czar, the fourth ranking decade. Pentagon official, was given authority to over­ to examine the current Poultry Inspection Pro­ The danger is no longer that OPEC na­ see design and production of new weapons. gram, and to hear testimony on how improve­ tions will dump dollars and wreak havoc First and foremost, the position was to intro­ ments might be made in the future. with our economic policy. The danger now duce competition into the Pentagon's procure­ The first scientific witness at our hearing comes from the level of influence that ment practices to prevent defense contractors was the chairman of this latest Academy com­ comes with the massive foreign investment from artificially inflating their prices. mittee, Dr. Joseph V. Rodricks. Although the in this decade. Secretary Weinberger chose Richard report of Dr. Rodricks' committee was fully If our dependence on foreign capital per­ Godwin, a Bechtel Corp. executive, to fill this covered during the hearing, there continues to sists, the United States, in the words of one important position. However, Mr. Godwin be confusion and misunderstanding in both Treasury department official, will find itself found it impossible to make any progress with the press and the public as to what the report in Brazil's condition, "beholden to overseas his mission because all the military services actually said. As chairman of the Subcommit­ creditors • • • always worrying about rolling tee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, I feel it is over its foreign debt and its creditors' reac­ were able to go around him to make changes in decisions they didn't like. He testified important to clarify these issues. Consequent­ tions when it makes policy." ly, I have asked Dr. Rodricks to respond to Managing our twin deficits will be delicate before Congress that the general counsel had • • • cutting spending, raising taxes to bring made it clear that his attempts to modify pro­ some additional questions in writing. down the Federal deficit while keeping in­ curement practices depended on the acquies­ In Dr. Rodricks' response, he stated: terest rates high is a good formula for a re­ cence of those affected. In his words, "I had I am pleased to have the opportunity to cession. Stated in other terms, can the the authority to write a letter," which doesn't clarify several of these points, because I United States simultaneously raise its sav­ make much of a difference at all. have noted that several press reports and in­ ings rate, balance its budgets, make changes The problems in the Pentagon are deep­ formation released by some groups have to enhance our productivity, and publicly mischaracterized some of the conclusions seated and, as we have seen with this most and recommendations of our committee. invest in critical areas such as defense, edu­ recent development, very resistant to attempts cation, scientific research, and infrastruc­ to solve them. New weapons cost too much Dr. Rodricks also restated what he told our ture items without adverse reactions para­ and too few can then be bought. They are too subcommittee in June: lyzing its economy? The crucial issue deter­ Poultry is a nutritious and desirable part mining the long term outlook for the Ameri­ complex, which means they break down and cost more to maintain. of the American diet. We do not want to dis­ can economy is what the United States will courage anyone from eating chicken. Con­ do to steadily lower its interlocked twin defi­ We saw graphic evidence of this problem sumers must simply be made more aware of cits-the international trade and federal recently in the Persian Gulf. We did not have the proper handling and cooking conditions budget deficit-without sacrificing our adequate minesweeping capabilities in the gulf for all raw meat and poultry products, while present prosperity. to protect our ships. This was not because we FSIS presses to modernize inspection proce­ Foreign investment does not mean a catas­ lacked foresight. The Defense Department dures. trophe. It can be a challenge, warning us launched a $1.5 billion program to develop a Because of the widespread publicity that that we will have to make tough choices new minesweeper in the early 1980's. At this these issues have received recently, I would about our economic future. It can also be an point, the program is years behind schedule like to enter Dr. Rodricks' entire letter in the opportunity to engender global cooperation and the first sweeper is not yet ready for use. RECORD for my colleagues' review. between the industrialized nations to avert Meanwhile, our ships sail through the Persian The letter follows: a worldwild recession. Gulf with inadequate protection because our ENVIRON CoRP., The days of our economic independence 1950's-vintage sweepers do not have the were left behind at the Plaza Hotel in New COUNSEL IN HEALTH AND technology to do the job. York. It is time to welcome the era of eco­ ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, nomic interdependence 1990's style, where These recent setbacks have served to Washington, DC, August 18, 1987. heighten Congress' resolve to address the Hon. CHARLES W. STENHOLM, policy makers of the United States no Chairman, Subcommittee on Livestock, longer shuttle solely between the great fi­ problem of waste, fraud and abuse in the De­ fense Department. While we have made Dairy, and Poultry, U.S. House of Repre­ nancial houses of New York and the Gov­ sentatives, Committee on Agriculture, ernment institutions of Washington, but in­ strides in eliminating wasteful spending in Longworth House Office Building, creasingly to the Bank of Japan in Tokyo other areas of the Government, this is one Washington, DC. and the Bundesbank in Bonn. area that needs greater attention. As Con­ DEAR CHAIRMAN STENHOLM: I am pleased gress continues the process of budgeting for to clarify the several issues concerning poul- 25682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1987 try inspection raised by the questions posed Question 4: Did your committee find any Judge Bork's critics object to one thing and in your letter of August 7, 1987. evidence of deterioration in poultry inspec­ one thing alone-the fact that he is conserva­ Question 1: Were you asked to study poul­ tion? tive. try inspection because of concerns unique to We found no evidence of deterioration. poultry inspection? Rather, we determined that the current How many times are we going to be beat The National Research Council bird-by-bird inspection system is inherently with the same stick? Six and a half years ago, study on poultry inspection was requested ill-suited to provide effective protection the same liberal groups who now oppose the by the Department of Agriculture's Food against the most important type of micro­ Bork nomination, campaigned with all their Safety and Inspection Service . The biological contamination, i.e., that which is might and main against Ronald Reagan. One FSIS requested the study as a result of cer­ known to cause human illness. of the big issues they used at the time was tain recommendations set forth in a previ­ Question 5: Should the public consider the threat that, if elected, Ronald Reagan ous, and much broader, NRC study on meat any meat or poultry, including chicken, as a would appoint conservatives to the Supreme and poultry inspection. The previous NRC public health risk? recommendations pertained to meat as well All foods, including meat and poultry, Court. The threat didn't seem to scare many as poultry inspection and, as far as I know, have a potential for causing illness. The people and Ronald Reagan was elected Presi­ the FSIS choice to follow-up on the recom­ principle potential problems are microbio­ dent. mendations concerning poultry was primari­ logical pathogens and chemical residues of In 1984, the same liberal groups tried again ly one of convenience. It was not made be­ several types. Insofar as microbiological to mobilize opposition to President Reagan's cause of any concerns unique to poultry. problems are concerned, raw food products reelection by trying to sell the same threat. The previous NRC study called for the de­ generally present a higher potential risk Again, it didn't sell and President Ronald velopment and application of a risk assess­ than do other products, no such generaliza­ Reagan was reelected by historic margins. ment model to guide FSIS inspection strate­ tion can be made about potential chemical gies. FSIS understood that such an under­ risks. Judge Bork's critics seem unable to com­ taking was highly complex, and elected to The risks are, I have emphasized, only po­ prehend the fact that the voters of this coun­ begin the process of model building with tential ones, and there are means available try expect Ronald Reagan to be Reagan. that segment of the meat and poultry indus­ to manage them. Quality assurance pro­ They know he is conservative. They elected try-broiler chicken production-having one grams in the food industl'y and government him as a conservative and they fully expect of the simplest and most uniform operating inspection programs are the first line of defense. Justices. The thought does not surprise them mittee developed for poultry inspection Controls during food distribution are also nor frighten them at all. could serve as a prototype for other seg­ required. Food preparers, whether in the ments of the meat and poultry industry. home or in commercial institutions, must And it certainly doesn't frighten me. As far Question 2: Did your committee find any also be educated to prepare food properly in as I am concerned, Judge Robert Bork has cause for concern with chicken, different order to avoid microbiological contamina­ one outstanding qualification for the Supreme from any other raw meat, poultry, fish, tion or recontamination . mind and his exemplary record as a jurist. He Our committee made no investigation of Effective controls in all these areas are recognizes that the legitimate role of the Court any other products. It is well-known, howev­ needed. Although our report cited the need is to interpret the laws-not to write new er, that all such raw products are suscepti­ for improvements in FSIS inspection proce­ ones. He recognizes very well the fact that ble to the same set of potential problems­ dures and in consumer education for poul­ bacterial and chemical contamination-as try products