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Casinum: Ricognizione Epigrafica… Francesca Cerrone, Carlo Molle, Casinum: ricognizione epigrafica… Sylloge Epigraphica Barcinonensis (SEBarc) xvi, 2018, pp. 59-100 issn 2013-4118 data de recepció 23.5.2018 data d’acceptació 20.6.2018 Casinum: ricognizione epigrafica nella Villa Petrarcone Casinum: an epigraphic survey in Villa Petrarcone Francesca Cerrone*, Carlo Molle* Riassunto: Vengono pubblicate 22 iscrizioni latine di Casinum, importante città del Latium adiectum, raccolte nella storica collezione Petrarcone. Molte di queste iscrizioni, in parte rilevate direttamente da Mommsen, sono state danneggiate durante la seconda guerra mon- diale e non erano state più osservate da decenni. Ne è stata eseguita dunque una revisione critica, fornendo una adeguata documentazione fotografica. Alcune di esse sono risultate inedite. Abstract: Twenty-two Latin inscriptions from Casinum, great city of Latium adiectum, are published here. They were accumulated in the Petrarcone Collection. Many of these inscrip- tions, partly observed by Mommsen himself, were damaged during the Second World War and no more observed since many decades. A critical revision has been done, making an adequate photographic documentation. Some of them are unpublished. Parole chiave: Casinum, Valle del Liri, caplatores, Futius, Obultronius, Silvanus, incendium, iscrizioni funerarie, iscrizioni sacre, iscrizioni su opere pubbliche Keywords: Casinum, Liri Valley, caplatores, Futius, Obultronius, Silvanus, incendium, fu- nerary inscriptions, sacred inscriptions, inscriptions on public buildings * F. Cerrone (Parco Archeologico dell’Appia Antica - MiBACT). * C. Molle (Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Frosinone, Latina e Rieti - MiBACT). Rivolgiamo un particolare ringraziamento al dott. Alessandro Betori, già funziona- rio archeologo competente per Cassino della Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Frosinone, Latina e Rieti; ringraziamo inoltre il Comune di Cassino e il personale dell’allora Soprintendenza Archeologia del Lazio e dell’Etruria meridionale, in particolare il sig. Enzo Evangelista, per l’assistenza logistica. Siamo infine grati a Silvestro e Giuseppe Golini Petrarcone per alcune informa- zioni sulla storia della famiglia. I contenuti di questo articolo sono stati interamente discussi e condivisi dagli autori, che si sono ripartiti le schede come indicato. SEBarc xvi, 2018, pp. 59-100 59 Francesca Cerrone, Carlo Molle, Casinum: ricognizione epigrafica… In memoria di Silvio Panciera La famiglia Petrarcone di Cassino1 possedeva fino ad alcuni anni fa una villa (o casino), situata in località Crocifisso e posta in un’area - ora di proprietà comunale - ricadente all’interno della cinta muraria dell’antica Casinum, tra il teatro e le mura meridionali della città. L’edificio costituiva il fulcro di una più vasta proprietà, che partendo dalla zona a sud del teatro e dell’anfiteatro lambiva l’attuale via Casilina, per poi estendersi fino a dove sarebbe sorto l’ex ospedale di Cassino e a parte della collina, oltre che in altri appezzamenti sparsi. In un settore ben definito del giardino, a destra e a sinistra entrando nel cortile, fu raccolta una cospicua collezione di iscrizioni, di elementi architettonici e di altri manufatti lapidei antichi, mentre altri dovevano comunque trovarsi all’interno delle proprietà della famiglia, in particolare presso la cosiddetta «cantina Petrarcone». Rinvenimenti epigrafici nei terreni dei Petrarcone sono documentati già nel XVIII secolo, quando era proprietario Cosimo Petrarcone, ma è negli anni ’60 del XIX secolo che la collezione risulta pienamente strutturata ad opera del cav. Francesco Petrarcone2, che fu peraltro «R(egio) Ispettore degli scavi e monumenti di Cassino» almeno tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta del XIX secolo3. Tra la fine del XIX secolo e i primi decenni del XX, la raccolta continuò a crescere, fino a che la furia della Seconda Guerra Mondiale devastò l’area. La collezione Petrarcone fu visitata anche da Theodor Mommsen, che giunse a Cassino nel 1876 ed eseguì l’autopsia su diverse iscrizioni allora reperibili, ma si giovò pure di alcuni suoi validi collaboratori, che gli trasmisero epigrafi casinati viste anche «in hortis Petrarcone»4. 1. Giova ricordare che la città si chiamava San Germano fino al 1863, quando riacquistò ufficial- mente l’antico nome (Casinum) in forma italianizzata (Cassino). 2. Lo si deduce chiaramente da F. Ponari, Ricerche storiche sulle antichità di Cassino, Napoli 1867, p. 158, mentre parla di un’iscrizione su un cippo sepolcrale (CIL X, 5251) «che si conserva dal medesimo [Francesco Petrarcone] unitamente a molte altre, che il sopralodato signor Petrarcone con molta cura e zelo conserva nella detta villa fra le ruine dell’antica Cassino. A quest’istesso si appartengono alcune reliquie di lavori in creta trovate tra quelle ruine, e che noi abbiamo pubblicato». Sugli stretti legami della famiglia Petrarcone con le antichità casinati, segnaliamo anche E. Pistilli (a cura di), «Un aggiornamento al libro del 1967. Scritti inediti di Filippo Ponari. Ritrovamenti archeologici in Cassino tra il 1875 e 1879», in Studi Cassinati, anno 2, n. 2 (2002), pp. 96-114. 3. Come si deduce da diversi passi degli Atti della Commissione conservatrice dei monumenti ed oggetti di antichitá e belle arti nella provincia di Terra di Lavoro (che di seguito abbrevieremo ATerra- Lavoro). 4. «Ipse denique a. 1876 eo perveni lapidesque adhuc prostantes diligenter recognovi» (Th. Mommsen, ad CIL X, p. 511). Sembra che Mommsen si sia fermato in zona solo nel 1876 (cfr. C. Pepe, «Theodor Mommsen e Cassino. Osservazioni a partire da una lettera inedita», in Incidenza dell’Antico, 14/2, 2016, p. 298; tra l’altro, nelle IRNL, p. 223, Mommsen specificava di non essersi fino ad allora recato a Cassino), ma aveva già instaurato saldi legami con i corrispondenti locali e poteva in ogni caso contare sull’operato dei suoi collaboratori tedeschi, tra i quali - con particolare riferimento alle epigrafi della collezione - E. Philippi (già per le IRNL) e poi H. Brunn, H. Nissen, D. Detlefsen (per il CIL): cfr. ad CIL X, p. 511. 60 SEBarc xvi, 2018, pp. 59-100 Francesca Cerrone, Carlo Molle, Casinum: ricognizione epigrafica… Il CIL segnala nella villa o, in generale, trovate in proprietà Petrarcone, 35 epi- grafi5, di cui 4 si trovavano nella cella vinaria6 e 2 lungo la strada nei pressi della Villa Petrarcone7. Prima della fine del XIX secolo, altre 3 iscrizioni inedite, pubblicate nell’ottava Ephemeris Epigraphica, nel 1899, sono segnalate nella villa8. A queste si aggiunsero poi altre 5 epigrafi viste nella proprietà e pubblicate da Francesco Ribezzo nel 19219, per un totale, fino ad allora, di 43 iscrizioni. Gianfilippo Carettoni10, nel descrivere la raccolta Petrarcone negli anni imme- diatamente precedenti i bombardamenti del 1943/1944, distingueva nel cortile i reperti conservati a destra (entrando nella proprietà)11 e quelli conservati a sinistra12, aggiungendo inoltre una specifica sui materiali conservati all’interno dell’edificio13. A seguito degli eventi bellici, tutta la zona rimase semi abbandonata per decen- ni, anche se non fu negletta dagli studiosi attivi nel secondo dopoguerra, a partire da Antonio Giannetti ed Heikki Solin14. Giannetti, in particolare, oltre a ritrovare 5. CIL X, 5166; 5168; 5172; 5184; 5189; 5194; 5195; 5203; 5210 (due fistule con medesimo testo); 5215; 5220; 5222; 5226; 5234; 5239; 5245; 5249; 5251; 5256; 5259; 5267; 5268; 5271; 5284; 5286; 5291; 5297; 5303; 5304; 5308; 5312; 5313; 5318; 5327. 6. CIL X, 5166, 5267, 5284 (che Mommsen non vedeva più), 5308. La cella vinaria sarà identificabile con la citata «cantina Petrarcone», un edificio, ora diroccato a causa degli eventi bellici, situato lungo l’attuale via Don Angelo Pantoni. Esso dista meno di cento metri in linea d’aria dal nucleo principale di epigrafi. 7. CIL X, 5168, 5172. 8. EphEp VIII, 1899 (M. Ihm), nn. 591, 596, 602; a queste si aggiunge anche la n. 599, che viene data come inedita ma che in realtà era già presente in CIL X con il n. 5256. 9. F. Ribezzo, «Comunicazioni epigrafiche», in RivIndoGrIt 5, 1921, p. 84 [214], nn. 2, 3, 4, 5 (al n. 5 sono pubblicati due cippi gemelli). 10. G. Carettoni, Casinum (presso Cassino). Regio I - Latium et Campania, Roma 1940, pp. 112- 113. 11. Oltre a frammenti architettonici e una base circolare di stile egizio, qui erano posizionate le epigrafiCIL X, 5251, 5318, 5203, 5256, 5284, 5286, i due cippi pubblicati da Ribezzo (Ribezzo, «Co- municazioni…» cit., p. 84 [214], n. 5) e l’allora cippo inedito di L. Pomponius Tertius [poi pubblicato integralmente da A. Giannetti, «Ricognizione epigrafica compiuta nel territorio di Casinum, Interamna Lirenas ed Aquinum (epigrafi edite ed inedite)», in RLinc 24, 1969, p. 57, n. 3 (AE 1988, 237)]; il «cippo di pietra con cornice e iscrizione evanida» è certamente da identificare con CIL X, 5205. 12. EPhEp VIII, 1899, n. 591; una «base con iscrizione evanida» scomparsa o non identificata; CIL X, 5195 (blocco per urna cineraria doppia) e 5194; Ribezzo, «Comunicazioni…», cit., p. 84 [214], n. 4, insieme a un frammento di terracotta usata come decorazione di una fontana e altri frammenti architettonici. 13. Frammenti di terrecotte architettoniche, ceramica a vernice nera, gocciolatoi fittili e iscrizioni su lastre (CIL X, 5184 e Ribezzo, «Comunicazioni…», cit., p. 84 [214], n. 3). Segnaliamo che dei manufatti anepigrafi sono stati recuperati nell’area della villa anche nel 2016, tra i quali il rilievo di una figura femminile panneggiata (forse identificabile con il manufatto citato in Carettoni, Casinum (presso Cassino)…, cit., p. 112) e un frammento di lastra dal margine curvilineo, caratterizzato da una sequenza di archetti sovrastati da racemi ed altri elementi decorativi. 14. Anche lo studioso locale Torquato Vizzaccaro riporta alcune di queste iscrizioni, ma sembra sempre di seconda mano, senza averle viste o almeno senza averle riesaminate criticamente (quelle qui pubblicate sono le nn. 2, 4, 12, 13, 21? corrispondenti rispettivamente ai nn. 101, 34, 8, 64, 53? di T. Vizzaccaro, Marco Terenzio Varrone ed il Cassinate, Roma 1954). Sulla zona di Villa Petrarcone si veda anche G.
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