DOCSLIB.ORG

Cover Page the Handle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cover Page the Handle Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/138675 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Götz, L.C. Title: Kolonie, Kontakt, Kultur: Eine Analyse materieller Kultur römischer Kolonien in der Mikroregion von Suessa Aurunca, Minturnae und Sinuessa Issue Date: 2020-12-15 BIBLIOGRAFIE Aberson, M. and R. Wachter, 2014. Ombriens, Sabins, Picéniens, peuples sabelliques des Abruzzes: une equête épigraphique et linguistique, in M. Aberson, M.C. Biella, M. Di Fazio and M. Wullschleger (eds), Entre archéologie et histoire: dialogues sur divers peuples de l'Italie préromaine. Bern: Peter Lang (Etudes genevoises sur l'Antiquité 2), 167-201. Adams, G.W., 2008. Rome and the social role of élite villas in its suburbs. Oxford: Archaeopress (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1760). Adams, J.N., 2002. Bilingualism at Delos, in J.N. Adams, M. Janse and S. Swain (eds), Bilingualism in ancient society. Language contact and the written text. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 103-127. Adams, J.N., 2003. Bilingualism and the Latin language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Adams, J.N., 2007. The regional diversification of Latin 200 BC - AD 600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Adams, J.N., 2013. Social variation and the Latin language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Adams, J.N., M. Janse and S. Swain (eds), 2002. Bilingualism in ancient society. Language contact and the written text. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Adams, W.Y. and E.W. Adams, 2008. Archaeological typology and practical reality. A dialectical approach to artifact classification and sorting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Albore Livadie, C., 1979. Le bucchero nero en Campanie. Notes de typologie et de chronologie, in B. Bouloumié (ed), Le bucchero nero étrusque et sa diffusion en Gaule méridionale. Actes de la Table-Ronde d'Aix-en-Provence, 21-23 mai 1975. Bruxelles: Latomus (Collection Latomus 160), 90-110. Albore Livadie, C., 2007a. L’età del bronzo antico e medio nella Campania nord-occidentale, in Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre-3 dicembre 2005. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria (Atti della XL riunione scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria 40(1)), 179-203. Albore Livadie, C., 2007b. La tarda età del Bronzo e la prima età del Ferro nella Campania nord-occidentale, in Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre-3 dicembre 2005. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria (Atti della XL riunione scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria 40(1)), 231-240. Alcock, S.E. and J.F. Cherry (eds), 2004. Side-by-Side survey. Comparative regional studies in the Mediterranean world. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Alföldi, A., 1977. Das frühe Rom und die Latiner. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Ambrogio, R., 2006. Nomi d'Italia. Origine e significato dei nomi geografici e di tutti i comuni. Novara: Istituto Geografico De Agostini. Andreani, M., 2003. Sul santuario di Marica alla foce del Garigliano, in L. Quilici (ed), Santuari e luoghi di culto nell’Italia antica. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider (Atlante tematico di topografia antica 12), 177-207. Andreau, J., 2000. Les marchés hebdomadaires du Latium et de Campanie au Ier siècle ap. J.-C., in E. Lo Cascio (ed), Mercati permanenti e mercati periodici nel mondo romano. Atti degli incontri capresi di storia dell'economia antica, Capri, 13-15 ottobre 1997. Bari: Edipuglia (Pragmateiai 2), 69-91. Angle, M. and A. Guidi, 2007. L'antica e media età del bronzo nel Lazio meridionale, in Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre-3 dicembre 2005. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria (Atti della XL riunione scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria 40(1)), 147-178. Angle, M. and D. Mancini, 2007. Elementi di facies protoappenninica nel Lazio meridionale, in Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre-3 dicembre 2005. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria (Atti della XL riunione scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria 40(1)), 887-890. Antonaccio, C., 2005. Excavating colonization, in H. Hurst and S. Owen (eds), Ancient colonizations: analogy, similarity and difference. London: Duckworth, 97-114. Arata, F.P., 1993. Indagini subacquee nell’alveo del Garigliano, presso Minturnae. Archeologia subacquea 1, 159-162. Arata, F.P., 1997. Testimonianze tardo-repubblicane dal fiume Garigliano presso Minturnae, in Atti del convegno nazionale di archeologia subacquea, Anzio, 30-31 maggio e 1° giugno 1996. Bari: Edipuglia (Biblioteca archeologica 5), 25-30. Arnaldi, A., 1994. L'iscrizione "C.I.L." X 6104 e il culto di Nettuno a "Formiae", in Formianum 2. Atti del convegno di studi sull'antico territorio di Formia 1994. Marina di Minturno: Caramanica, 25-31. Arndt, A., J. C. Häberlen and C. Reinecke, 2011. Europäische Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Theorie und Praxis. Vom Vergleich zum Transfer zur Verflechtung: Ansätze und Erträge transnationaler Forschung, in A. Arndt, J.C. Häberlen 341 and C. Reinecke (eds), Vergleichen, verflechten, verwirren? Europäische Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Theorie und Praxis. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 11-30. Arnold, S., 2015. Considerazioni sulla pianta del teatro di Minturnae, in G.R. Bellini and H. von Hesberg (eds), Minturnae. Nuovi contributi alla conoscenza della Forma Urbis. Giornata di studio sui lavori a Minturnae in collaborazione con la seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Roma, 29 settembre 2011. Roma: Quasar, 95-100. Arthur, P., 1982a. Considerazioni su una probabile divisione agraria nell’agro di Suessa Aurunca. Archeologia classica 34, 175-179. Arthur, P., 1982b. Roman amphorae and the Ager Falernus under the Empire. Papers of the British School at Rome 50, 22-33. Arthur, P., 1985. The marble of Mondragone, in P. Pensabene and P. Arthur (eds), Marmi Antichi. Problemi d’impiego, di restauro e d’identificazione. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider (Studi Miscellanei 26), 97-101. Arthur, P., 1987. Precisazioni su di una Forma anforica medio-imperiale dalla Campania, in El vi a l'antiguitat. Economia, producció i comerç al Mediterrani occidental. Actes del I Colloqui Internacional d’Arqueologia romana, Badalona, 28 nov.-1 dic. 1985. Barcelona: Museu de Badalona (Monografies badalonines 9), 401-406. Arthur, P., 1989a. On the origins of Richborough form 527, in F. Zevi (ed), Amphores romaines et histoire économique. Dix ans de recherche, Actes du Colloque de Sienne, 22-24 mai 1986, organisé par l'Università degli Studi di Siena. Paris: De Boccard (Collection de l'École française de Rome 114), 249-256. Arthur, P., 1989b. Assetto territoriale ed insediamento fra tardo antico ed alto medioevo nel bacino del Garigliano, in F. Coarelli (ed), Minturnae. Roma: N.E.R. (Studi e ricerche sul Lazio antico 2), 183-191. Arthur, P., 1991a. Romans in northern Campania. Settlement and land-use around the Massico and the Garigliano basin. London: British School at Rome (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 1). Arthur, P., 1991b. Territories, wine and wealth: Suessa Aurunca, Sinuessa, Minturnae and the Ager Falernus, in G. Barker and J. Lloyd (eds), Romans landscapes: archaeological survey in the Mediterranean region. London: British School at Rome (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 2), 153-159. Arthur, P., 1995. Wine in the west: a view from Campania, in J. Swaddling, S. Walker and P. Roberts (eds), Italy in Europe. Economic relations 700 BC-AD 50. 16th British Museum Classical Colloquium London 8-10 December 1992. London: London Museum Press (British Museum, Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, Occasional Paper 97), 241-251. Attema, P., 1993. An archaeological survey in the Pontine region. A contribution to the early settlement history of South Lazio. Groningen (Ph.D. Dissertation Rijksuniversiteit Groningen). Attema, P., 2000. Landscape archaeology and Livy: warfare, colonial expansion and town and country in Central Italy of the 7th to 4th c. BC. Bulletin antieke beschaving. Annual Papers on Classical Archaeology 75, 115-126. Attema, P., 2004. Centralization, early urbanization and colonization in first Millennium BC Italy and Greece. Leuven: Peeters (Bulletin antieke beschaving. Supplement 9). Attema, P., 2017. Landscape archaeology in Italy: past questions, current state and future directions, in T.C.A. de Haas and G.W. Tol (eds). The economic integration of Roman Italy. Rural communities in a globalising world. Leiden: Brill (Mnemosyne Supplements 404), 426-435. Attema, P., G.-J. Burgers, E. van Joolen, P. M. van Leusen and B. Mater (eds), 2002. New developments in Italian landscape archaeology: theory and methodology of field survey land evaluation and landscape perception, pottery production and distribution. Proceedings of a three-day conference held at the University of Groningen. Oxford: Archaeopress (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1091). Attema, P., G.-J. Burgers and P.M. van Leusen (eds), 2010. Regional pathways to complexity: settlement and land-use dynamics in early Italy from the Bronze Age to the Republican period. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (Amsterdam Archaeological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution, Demography, Ecology and Threats of Amphibians in the Circeo National Park (Central Italy)
    Acta Herpetologica 11(2): 197-212, 2016 DOI: 10.13128/Acta_Herpetol-18061 Olim palus, where once upon a time the marsh: distribution, demography, ecology and threats of amphibians in the Circeo National Park (Central Italy) Antonio Romano1,*, Riccardo Novaga2, Andrea Costa1 1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Via Salaria Km 29,300 I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Viale dello Statuto 37, Latina, Italy. Submitted on 2016, 27th February; revised on 2016, 27th June; accepted on 2016, 7th July Editor: Gentile Francesco Ficetola Abstract. The Circeo National Park lies in a territory that was deeply shaped by human activity, and represents one of the few remaining patches of plain wetland habitat in Central Italy. In this study distribution and few demographic information of the amphibians in the Park were provided. Seven species and 25 bibliographic and 84 original breeding sites were recorded, and population size estimations were carried out for a population of these three species: Pelophylax sinkl esculentus, Bufo balearicus and Rana dalmatina. For the studied populations of pool frog and green toad the oper- ational sex ratio and the demographic effective population size was also estimated. For Rana dalmatina, which is strictly associated to forest environment, a positive and significant correlation between the number of egg clutches and maxi- mum depth of the swamps was found. The State plain forest is the most important habitat for amphibians’ conservation in the park. The occurrence of dangerous alien species was investigated and they are evaluated as the major threat for amphibians in the park, especially the crayfish Procambarus clarkii in the State plain forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Crescentii Family 267
    CRESCENTII FAMILY 267 Carson, Thomas, ed. and trans. Barbarossa in Italy.New York: under the same title, see Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Italica, 1994. Pisa, 22, 1953, pp. 3–49.) Cavalcabo`, Agostino. Le ultime lotte del comune di Cremona per Waley, Daniel. The Italian City-Republics, 3rd ed. London and New l’autonomia: Note di storia lombarda dal 1310 al 1322.Cremona: York: Longman, 1988. Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria, 1937. Wickham, Chris. Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Falconi, Ettore, ed. Le carte cremonesi dei secoli VIII–XII,2vols. Society, 400–1000. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Cremona: Biblioteca Statale, 1979–1984, Vol. 1, pp. 759–1069; 1989. Vol. 2, pp. 1073–1162. BARBARA SELLA Fanning, Steven C. “Lombard League.” In The Dictionary of the Middle Ages, ed. Joseph Strayer, Vol. 7. New York: Scribner, 1986, pp. 652–653. Gualazzini, Ugo. Il “populus” di Cremona e l’autonomia del comune. CRESCENTII FAMILY Bologna: Zanichelli, 1940. Several men whose name, Crescentius, appears in tenth- and MMM . Statuta et ordinamenta Comunis Cremonae facta et compilata eleventh-century documents from the vicinity of Rome are currente anno Domine MCCCXXXIX: Liber statutorum Comunis grouped together as a family, the Crescentii. As Toubert (1973) Vitelianae (saec. XIIV).Milan: Giuffre`, 1952. has indicated, the term Crescentii was not used by the medieval MMM. Gli organi assembleari e collegiali del comune di Cremona nell’eta` viscontea-sforzesca.Milan: Giuffre`, 1978. sources, and the “family” called by that name is a creation of Hyde, John Kenneth. Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The modern historiography.
    [Show full text]
  • Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
    Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Garden: Histories of the Garden of Ninfa
    The New Garden or Histories of the Garden of Ninfa Healy Knight 4/22/20 Prologue On the bank of a small lake in the Pontine Marshes in the foothills of the Monti Lepini, the ruined walls of a medieval church stand apart like a set of ribs buried in the dirt. The church no longer has its vaulted ceiling or delicate stained-glass windows or rows of wooden pews; it is now an open air, nearly borderless temple occupied by a display of cypress trees, moss, lichen, roses and ivy. All that remain are these two walls – the back of the church, concave and settled in a dense bed of grass, and the front of the church, now doorless with a rope strung through it to keep visitors from crossing its threshold. This is the Church of the Santa Maria Maggiore, and it stands in the Caetani family’s Garden of Ninfa. This is a story of histories – ecological, fictional, chronological, mythological – that a single place holds in its ecologies, its ruins and in the residue of memory. This is the story of networks of water, roses, stones and roots. Some elements are imagined, others are indisputable, all of it is, I’ve decided, truthful. This is the story of a garden. _________________________ One very early May morning in 1964, Leila Caetani-Howard decided it was time to stop pretending to sleep and go for a morning swim. It was the last few hours before the garden would reopen to visitors after months of a restful, quiet off-season.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Horace: the SATIRES, EPISTLES and ARS POETICA
    +RUDFH 4XLQWXV+RUDWLXV)ODFFXV 7KH6DWLUHV(SLVWOHVDQG$UV3RHWLFD Translated by A. S. Kline ã2005 All Rights Reserved This work may be freely reproduced, stored, and transmitted, electronically or otherwise, for any non- commercial purpose. &RQWHQWV Satires: Book I Satire I - On Discontent............................11 BkISatI:1-22 Everyone is discontented with their lot .......11 BkISatI:23-60 All work to make themselves rich, but why? ..........................................................................................12 BkISatI:61-91 The miseries of the wealthy.......................13 BkISatI:92-121 Set a limit to your desire for riches..........14 Satires: Book I Satire II – On Extremism .........................16 BkISatII:1-22 When it comes to money men practise extremes............................................................................16 BkISatII:23-46 And in sexual matters some prefer adultery ..........................................................................................17 BkISatII:47-63 While others avoid wives like the plague.17 BkISatII:64-85 The sin’s the same, but wives are more trouble...............................................................................18 BkISatII:86-110 Wives present endless obstacles.............19 BkISatII:111-134 No married women for me!..................20 Satires: Book I Satire III – On Tolerance..........................22 BkISatIII:1-24 Tigellius the Singer’s faults......................22 BkISatIII:25-54 Where is our tolerance though? ..............23 BkISatIII:55-75
    [Show full text]
  • The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini Valentina Follo University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Follo, Valentina, "The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 858. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/858 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/858 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini Abstract The year 1937 marked the bimillenary of the birth of Augustus. With characteristic pomp and vigor, Benito Mussolini undertook numerous initiatives keyed to the occasion, including the opening of the Mostra Augustea della Romanità , the restoration of the Ara Pacis , and the reconstruction of Piazza Augusto Imperatore. New excavation campaigns were inaugurated at Augustan sites throughout the peninsula, while the state issued a series of commemorative stamps and medallions focused on ancient Rome. In the same year, Mussolini inaugurated an impressive square named Forum Imperii, situated within the Foro Mussolini - known today as the Foro Italico, in celebration of the first anniversary of his Ethiopian conquest. The Forum Imperii's decorative program included large-scale black and white figural mosaics flanked by rows of marble blocks; each of these featured inscriptions boasting about key events in the regime's history. This work examines the iconography of the Forum Imperii's mosaic decorative program and situates these visual statements into a broader discourse that encompasses the panorama of images that circulated in abundance throughout Italy and its colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Marshes, Mosquitos and Mussolini
    Federico Caprotti. Mussolini's Cities: Internal Colonialism in Italy, 1930-1939. Youngstown: Cambria Press, 2007. xxvi + 290 pp. $84.95, cloth, ISBN 978-1-934043-53-0. Reviewed by Joshua W. Arthurs Published on H-Italy (December, 2007) In his speech inaugurating the newly con‐ state control in Mussolini's Italy. Indeed, the structed town of Littoria in 1932, Benito Mussolini strongest aspects of the book are those in which famously announced that "this is the war we pre‐ the author retains a foothold on the dry land of fer." The battle in question was the reclamation of human geography and development. For example, the malarial marshland around Rome (the Agro he suggests that the Pontine Marshes should be Pontino), heralded at home and abroad as evi‐ seen as a sociocultural landscape, a hybrid space dence of Fascism's dynamic program of modern‐ reflecting the dialectic between rurality and ur‐ ization. To this day the New Towns--Littoria (now banity at the core of the Fascist project. The Latina), Sabaudia, Pontinia, Aprilia and Pomezia, regime attempted to resolve this conflict by distin‐ all built between 1932 and 1939--stand as tangible guishing between an untamed, unhealthy and un‐ reminders of the regime's desire to reclaim, re‐ productive "first nature" and a "desirable nature generate and redeem the Italian landscape and ... where nature was socially co-opted and chan‐ population. neled towards a particular socially-engineered ex‐ In Mussolini's Cities: Internal Colonialism in istence ... " (p. 63). His geography background is Italy, 1930-1939, Federico Caprotti seeks to write also helpful in explaining some of the technical not so much a "linear history" of this "battle" as an aspects of bonifica integrale (land reclamation), as account of "the lived landscape and multiple so‐ when he discusses the various chemicals used to cial, ideological and technological discourses combat malaria-bearing mosquitoes or the "tech‐ which contributed to the making of this amazing nological support network" built "to sustain and landscape" (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Rome 2016 Program to SEND
    A TASTE OF ANCIENT ROME 17–24 October 2016 Day-by-Day Program Elizabeth Bartman, archaeologist, and Maureen Fant, food writer, lead a unique, in-depth tour for sophisticated travelers who want to experience Rome through the eyes of two noted specialists with a passion for the city, its monuments, and its cuisine. Together they will introduce you to the fascinating archaeology of ancient foodways and to the fundamentals of modern Roman cuisine. Delicious meals, special tastings, and behind-the-scenes visits in Rome and its environs make this week-long land trip an exceptional experience. You’ll stay in the same hotel all week, in Rome’s historic center, with some out-of-town day trips. October is generally considered the absolutely best time to visit Rome. The sun is warm, the nights not yet cold, and the light worthy of a painting. The markets and restaurants are still offering the last of the summer vegetables—such as Rome’s particular variety of zucchini and fresh borlotti beans—as well as all the flavors of fall and winter in central Italy—chestnuts, artichokes, broccoli, broccoletti, chicory, wild mushrooms, stewed and roasted meats, freshwater fish, and so much more. Note: Logistics, pending permissions, and new discoveries may result in some changes to this itinerary, but rest assured, plan B will be no less interesting or delicious. B = Breakfast included L = Lunch included D = Dinner included S = Snack or tasting included MONDAY: WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION You’ll be met at Leonardo da Vinci Airport (FCO) or one of the Rome railroad stations and transferred to our hotel near the Pantheon, our base for the next seven nights.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romans & Their Roads
    Pave Israel 96 THE, ROMANS AND THEIR ROADS THE ORIGINAL SMALL ELEMENT PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGISTS J. Knapton University of New Castle Newcastle upon Tyne. UK 1 Introduction French lawyer Bergier published the first work on Roman roads in 162210 having discovered the remains of Roman roads near Rheims. He was so taken with his finds that he began to investigate classical literature and monuments. Bergier's work influenced 17th and 18th century French roadbuilding which in turn influenced British roadbuilders Metcalf, MacAdam and Telford who adopted a scientific approach in developing road construction techniques in the 19th century which are essentially unchanged today. For this reason, an understanding of Roman road engineering is crucial in understanding how present day UK road construction technology evolved. The introduction of flexibly bedded pavers as a road surfacing material during the second half of the 20th century coupled with the rediscovery of Roman roadbuilding during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries has brought us to a point where it is more important than ever to look back at how, where, why and by whom Romans roads were built. 17 2 The Peoples ofItaly Roman roads comprised a crucial part of the development of Roman civilisation and it may be no exaggeration to state that the Roman Empire comprised a network of roads unifYing many disparate cultures from Newcastle to North Africa, from Portugal to Arabia. Indeed, one theory has it that the location of. Rome is at the cross-roads of two pre Roman roads - the Via Salaria (,The Salt Way') and the Via Latina3 The Via Salaria followed the course of the Tiber into the central Italian mountains and was originally built in pre-Roman times to transport rock salt quarried in the mountains to the centres of population near the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Lazio (Latium) Is a Region of Traditions, Culture and Flavours
    Lazio (Latium) is a Region of traditions, culture and flavours. A land that knows how to delight the visitor at any time of the year, thanks to its kaleidoscope of landscape and stunning scenery, ranging from the sea to the mountains, united by a common de- nominator: beauty. The beauty you will find, beside the Eternal City, in Tuscia, Sabina, Aniene and Tiber Valley and along the Ro- man Hills, without forgetting the Prenestine and Lepini mountains, the Ciociaria and the Riviera of Ulysses and Aeneas coasts with the Pontine islands. The main City is, obvi- ously Rome, the Eternal City, with its 28 hundred years, so reach of history and cul- ture, but, before the rise of Rome as a mili- tary and cultural power, the Region was already called Latium by its inhabitants. Starting from the north west there are three distinct mountain ranges, the Volsini, the Cimini and the Sabatini, whose volcanic origin can be evinced by the presence of large lakes, like Bolsena, Vico and Bracciano lake, and, the Alban Hills, with the lakes of Albano and Nemi, sharing the same volcanic origins. A treasure chest concealing a profu- sion of art and culture, genuine local prod- ucts, delicious foods and wine and countless marvels. Rome the Eternal City, erected upon seven hills on April 21st 753 BC (the date is sym- bolic) according to the myth by Romulus (story of Romulus and Remus, twins who were suckled by a she-wolf as infants in the 8th century BC. ) After the legendary foundation by Romulus,[23] Rome was ruled for a period of 244 years by a monarchical system, ini- tially with sovereigns of Latin and Sabine origin, later by Etruscan kings.
    [Show full text]
  • How Ancient Cultures Perceived Mires and Wetlands (3000 BCE – 500 CE): an Introduction
    Pim de Klerk & Hans Joosten How ancient cultures perceived mires and wetlands (3000 BCE – 500 CE): an introduction IMCG Bulletin 2019-04 (May-July) pages 4-15 Egyptian wetland scene, c. 1900 BCE, Memphite region; Metropolitan Museum of Arts, New York 1 Ground truthing peatland occurrence along the Ethiopian-S.-Sudanse border near Gambela. Photo: Hans Joosten. IMCG Bulletin 2019-04: May – July 2019 www.imcg.net Contents of this Bulletin IMCG issues Word from the Secretary-General 02 Tribute to Richard Payne 02 Mires and Peat 03 Papers How ancient cultures perceived mires and wetlands (3000 BCE – 500 CE): an introduction 04 Peatland news Global: Permafrost, Arctic fires, monitoring, MEA synergies, Ramsar, ITPC etc. 16 Africa 25 Republic of Congo 25 South-Africa 27 Asia 28 China 28 Indonesia 28 Malaysia 40 Europe - European Union 41 Belarus 42 Germany 43 Latvia 44 Netherlands 45 Russian Federation 48 Slovakia 49 United Kingdom 49 North- and Central America - United States of America 55 New peatland conservation relevant papers 56 4 How ancient cultures perceived mires and wetlands (3000 BCE – 500 CE): an introduction Pim de Klerk (Greifswald Mire Centre/State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, [email protected]) & Hans Joosten (Greifswald Mire Centre; [email protected]) The reconstruction of the past development of peat- and wetlands is normally the task of a wide variety of biological and earth-scientific disciplines (Birks & Birks 1980; Berglund 1986). An important source is, however, often overlooked: contemporary written accounts of eye-witnesses of these landscape types. Written records are generally considered to belong to the realms of linguistics, literature, history and theology, which often prevents them to be interpreted using the most recent insights of biology, (palaeo)ecology and earth sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Cifani.Archaic Walls.2016
    THE FORTIFICATIONS OF ARCHAIC ROME: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE Gabriele Cifani Abstract This paper discusses the political meaning of the fortifcation of Rome in parallel with the social and urban transformations which took place in central Tyrrhenian Italy in the 6th century BC. The city of Rome in the course of the 6th century BC was already one of the largest settlements in the central Mediterranean area, which makes this site one of the most advanced experiments in Archaic urban fortifcation. The paper focuses on the relationship between the fortifcations and the evolution of settlement and contextualizes the evolution of the city walls in Rome with the social and political background of its community. ‘Men make the city not walls’: the famous words by characterized by the presence of huge at volcanic Nicias as reported by Thucydides (VII.77.7) point out tufa hills with vertical clifs, which create a landscape the social and political essence of any public building of naturally fortifed areas divided by rivers and deep in a community. The way in which a city defnes and canyons.2 defends its borders reveals its inner social structure, the level of technology, the economy, the interaction with The nature of this landscape dictated the difusion of the physical landscape; last but not least, it is also an nucleated settlements in the whole area since the Late expression of the way of doing war, which is, according Bronze Age: to fortify a settlement it was enough to keep to Karl von Clausewitz, ‘nothing but the continuation of the slope of a plateau clean and to place a ditch with politics by other means’.1 an earthwork on the only side of the settlement which was open on the landward side.3 Usually the earthworks Within such a framework we can also approach the were made only of clay and lumps of tufa, but in the evidence of the fortifcations of early Rome.
    [Show full text]