OCTOBER 22, 1968

INSTRUCTOR THEyoUTH'S oc v 1 7 9 6 8 4 THE YOUTH'S INSTRUCTOR

by ROBERT V. GENTRY THE YOUTH'S INSTRUCTOR is a non- Vistas fiction weekly. It is published for young adults who are capable of asking sincere questions, and who seek to know the counsels of Scripture. Its contents are LITTLE more than forty years who was fearful of truth—truth be- chosen to serve readers who want to ago Dayton, Tennessee, hosted ing defined as that body of informa- reach maturity—spiritually, socially, in- A tellectually, and physically. Its staff the now famous Scopes trial. Clar- tion accrued through scientific re- holds that God is man's heavenly Fa- ence Darrow, one of the outstanding search. Bryan died a broken man a ther; that Jesus is man's Saviour; that genuine Christians will strive to love lawyers of that era, together with a few days after the trial while his God supremely and their neighbors as opponents were basking in the sun- themselves. few well-known scientists, formed Its pages reflect an expanding ob- a group for the purpose of defend- light of approval for "demolishing jective from 1852 to 1968. First it was essentially a vehicle for providing ing John Scopes, who had recently the medieval concepts" that Bryan youth Sabbath school lessons. Now it challenged the Tennessee anti-evo- represented. also provides many added services for a generation that should witness the lution law. During the trial Darrow had made literal return of Jesus and the restora- William Jennings Bryan, great the point time and time again that tion of a sinless world to the universe of God. fundamentalist orator and three Bryan's philosophy was completely times Presidential candidate, was the antagonistic to academic f reedom— mainstay of the prosecution. Bryan a threat to the liberty of our country. based his arguments on the Bible. The results of the trial itself were Editor WALTER T. CRANDALL To him the Biblical record of Crea- seen as a triumph of intellectual Associate Editor JAMES JOINER tion and the Flood was clear. It truth over religious bigotry and ig- Art Editor T. K. MARTIN bordered on presumption and fool- norance, and so it has continued Layout Artist ALAN FORQUER ishness to question the Inspired Rec- until this day. Evolution never en- joyed so great a following until the SHARE Editor MILDRED LEE JOHNSON ord, so he thought, and he planned his case accordingly. time of the trial—until Darrow and Editorial Secretary MILDRED ADAMS Unfortunately, he had not thought his associates presumably demon- Editorial Consultants about the possibility of a theologian's strated the scientific accuracy of the THOMAS S. GERATY being introduced into the trial who theory. THEODORE LUCAS, DONALD E. MAN- According to an article published SELL, CALVIN E. MOSELEY, JR., GERALD would dispute his interpretation of R. NASH, F. DONALD YOST the record. Neither had he reckoned not long ago, few intelligent scien- with the shrewdness of Darrow, who tifically trained individuals question Circulation Manager S. L. CLARK was quick to realize that science the validity of the evolutionary theory Field Representatives C. M. WILLIS could be brought into the picture in today. The prevailing opinion is that CLIFFORD OKUNO favor of the Darwinian concept of the Biblical record of Creation and evolution. the Flood cannot stand close scien- The trial record reveals a sad tific investigation. Many believe that Published by the Seventh-day Advent- commentary on certain individuals it is impossible to reconcile the re- ists. Printed every Tuesday by the Re- view and Herald Publishing Association, who failed to recognize fully the is- search endeavors of renowned scien- at Takoma Park, Washington, D.C. tists all over the world with the Bibli- 20012, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid sues with which they were dealing. at Washington, D.C. Copyright, 1968, After Bryan presented his case and cal record. Although Bryan is to be Review and Herald Publishing Associa- tion, Washington, D.C. 20012. argued from the Bible that the In- admired for his convictions, few To contact the editorial staff, write, spired Word definitely excluded evo- would want to face adversaries such or telephone Area Code 202, 723-3700. lution, Darrow then attempted to as he had to face in the same circum- Subscription rates to U.S. and U.S. possessions: one year, $7.95; in clubs of bring expert scientific witnesses for stances. three or more, one year, each 56.25. Rates slightly higher in Canada. All the purpose of establishing a factual If the battle is to be fought on other countries: add 80 cents postage basis for the theory of evolution. scientific grounds, it would seem far each year per subscription. When Bryan objected to the admis- more reasonable to ascertain what, A mouth before you move, notify THE YOUTH'S INSTRUCTOR of both sibility of scientific evidence, Dar- if any, scientific evidence exists re- your old and new address. Any cot- respondence about your subscription row quickly made the point that lating to the Biblical record. To this should enclose the address label from Bryan was afraid of the truth, that end "Vistas" is dedicated. An ac- the magazine or wrapper. If the post office is unable to make delivery, your is, that scientific truth undermines, companying article in this issue subscription will be suspended until a not substantiates the Bible record. awaits your study and response. Your correct address is supplied. The testimony of these scientific ideas and comments relating to this experts was subsequently given to article and similar topics will be pre- the press, and the reports were circu- sented in succeeding columns. Photo credits: Cover, Wellesley Muir; pp. 6-8, Roy Henrickson. lated all over the country via the news media. Bryan's position was not Robert Gentry is a member of the Institute of Planetary Science at Columbia Union College, very pleasant, to say the least. He Takoma Park, Maryland 20012. Any correspond- ence about his material in this magazine should VOLUME 116, NUMBER 43 OCTOBER 22, 1968 had been made to appear as a man be addressed directly to him. 2 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 A TASTE OF DORMITORY LIFE 111 z v.* • :2.7= SEN •--, . - • -‘• •

0 1959 BY REV1E, AND HERALD YES SCHLAIKJER, N.A., ARTIST

A Maiden, a Moon, and a Motorcycle

URING the second semester of as I was awkward. She giggled at my D my senior year a family whom I attempts to be wry and seemed to ap- will call the Rowells came to the acad- preciate every one of my halting at- emy community. Their daughter, by SYDNEY ALLEN, Ph.D. tempts to please her. whom I will call Fran, enrolled in the As graduation time drew near, we PART EIGHT school. Before she had been around made plans to continue our acquaint- very long I had noticed her presence. ance. She was soft spoken and reserved, On my last opportunity to be with and as a result she didn't quickly be- her we walked home along an elevated come well known in the school. Her path above the campus. The moon parents lived in a trailer house and call Janice, the daughter of Fran's fa- flooded the hillside above the school her father worked in a factory near the ther's boss. Janice was enjoying the at- and the smell of orange blossoms was campus. tentions of Phil Dunham, the only one heavy in the air. This is the stuff of I was socially insecure myself, so her of my academy friends who became a which romance is made, of course, and lack of flashiness made her seem all minister later on. Fran's friendship I was not unaffected by it. We ob- the more attractive to me. The fact is with Janice was another factor that served the strictest restraints, however, that I was drawn to her because she led me to select her from among the for which I have always been glad. As was new and, consequently, couldn't other girls whose company I might I bade her good-by, though, I fully have seen any of my past awkward- have sought. The four of us made a expected to see her again in three nesses. Perhaps, I thought, she is the congenial group. months. She promised to write and only girl around who hasn't seen me A sense of poise and humor is one then I departed. Letters, I hoped, blush! of the most attractive qualities that a could serve as a substitute for the liv- We hit it off well from the start. person can have. Due to a deficiency ing presence. For the first time I actively sought the in this quality many otherwise attrac- After my partner, Bob Clark, and continued company of a girl. This all tive people turn out to be less than I arrived in Elko, Nevada, to begin took place just a few months before interesting when you try to get to know our summer of colporteur work, my our graduation. them. Fran had a fine sense of humor first question was whether there was a Fran was a close friend of a girl I'll and she seemed to be almost as poised letter from Fran. There wasn't. I won- The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 3 dered why there wasn't. She had prom- was possible, was not only permitted the academy during the summer, so I ised . . . —it was encouraged. wrote and asked him to inquire into All doubts were dissolved the next Pairing off, however, was strictly the matter. If he ever replied his let- day when a pink envelope arrived. regulated, and for good reasons. My ter must have been lost in one of the Smelling faintly of roses, it contained own experience with Fran is, to my General Delivery booths where we enough cheerful paragraphs to em- mind, a vindication of this policy. We picked up our mail as we moved about. bolden me for the shock of trying to had no trouble getting acquainted un- As time went on, the pressure of sell books to strangers. During the rest der the rules, and then, quite apart work diverted my mind from the sad- of June letters of the same type ar- from all rules, I was smitten. ness. In fact, I wasn't eager to return rived at the rate of about two a week. At the age of sixteen this experience south when the summer ended—I They were like ambrosia. I would carried with it a finality and inevita- didn't want to have to face Fran. have liked very much to have received bility that a boy is unable to recognize After the last book had been them even more often. for the impostors they are. bought, paid for, and delivered, the The hope of finding a letter on I am thankful that I was allowed last good-by had been spoken, and the one's dresser in the evening is a power- last repair had been made on our sen- ful stimulus to hard work through the sitive tires, it was time to head back day. After all, I wanted to be able to to school. We stopped at my home to tell her that my efforts had met with pick up a few things and then pro- success. Faith ceeded to La Sierra. Bob was unde- Our sales were reasonably encour- cided as to his vocation, but by now I aging. My partner was glad to report by BEATRICE BRANCH had decided that "Greek, grit, grace, this to a girl I'll call Christy, his own and gumption"—a phrase Dr. Walter special friend. She wrote Bob more I must hold fast to you. Specht used to describe the ministerial frequently than Fran did me. On days Faith colors all I speak; course—was for me. when he got a letter and I didn't, I Refreshing as the dew, One of the first people I looked up felt anything but happy. Without you life is bleak. was my musician friend, Bob Julian. One day in early July I got a letter Since I had heard no serious music Faith colors all I speak. during our bookman's safari, I was from Phil. He had, of course, been Your wisdom is profound; writing to Janice. His letter carried the Without you life is bleak; eager for another taste. Bob was glad sad news that she had suddenly In you all joys abound. to oblige. After an evening of listen- stopped writing. He was at a complete ing we walked back to the dormitory loss to imagine why. This made me Your wisdom is profound, together. feel definitely uneasy. I began to won- Refreshing as the dew; It was a moonlit night just like the der when my turn would come. In you all joys abound; memorable one three months back Our religion and its institutions set I must hold fast to you. when I had told Fran good-by with a high standard of social purity before such deep feelings. As we walked along us. Nothing less than chastity in both I saw some fellows who, I knew, deed and thought is ever accepted as a worked in the factory along with her goal. At the same time, Adventists have dad. On an impulse I went over and always maintained that young men neither the time nor the opportunity asked one whether he had seen Fran and young women belong together in to loiter about with her. The prudent lately. the same schools. The church's educa- regulations about our relations worked A smile of recognition, both for me tional institutions have been co-edu- out for the best in our case—and in and for my question, came over his cational from their very beginning. every case I ever learned of. They face. This combination of a high standard served to inhibit premature attach- "Oh, yes, uh . . . I mean, no . . . I of moral discipline and the inevitable ments that would have led to tragedies haven't seen her since the middle of proximity in a school where boys and in the majority of instances. At the July." girls share the same classes has, of same time, the system allowed us a I gulped. "Do you know what be- course, given rise to problems. Extreme measure of freedom that left room for came of her ?" tendencies—suppression of all contacts us to grow by making decisions and "Well, I don't know where she on the one hand, and unwise permis- then bearing their consequences. went," he said with a pained look, siveness on the other—could develop, Fran made her decision in the mid- "but I do know that she eloped with of course, but neither I nor anyone I dle of July. Suddenly, I received no Joe Lathway's brother on his motor- ever met has had, in my opinion, any more letters. I wrote once, twice, three cycle." justifiable grounds for complaint times, asking what was the matter. I Bob must have thought me a poor about Adventist institutions on this made excuses to Bob and to myself— companion during the rest of our point. maybe her letters had been lost, maybe walk. I have heard some people speak as her family had gone on vacation, Somehow, though, the thought of if the rules in our schools forestall maybe there was an emergency. that elopement on that inelegant ve- possible future marriages among the All along I knew that it was only hicle virtually erased the moonlight, graduates. They are either making an wishful thinking. As I stared at Fran's orange blossoms, rose scent, and soft- attempt at humor or grossly misread- graduation portrait in its cardboard spoken words from my memory as the ing the evidence. Wholesome socializ- frame I knew that the end of an in- days went by. ing between groups of boys and groups fatuation had come. This is the eighth installment of a tcn-part serial. Part of girls, where plenty of acquaintance Bob Julian had stayed to work at nine will appear next week. 4 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 We Hold These Truths

The Appointed Time

It was 124 years ago, that fateful twenty-second of October. We don't hear so much about it these days, and perhaps it is just as well in some respects. Most people don't like to remember a day they consider a disappointment. Nevertheless, something may be missing from the lives of those who have not considered the terrific impact of that day on the Advent believers. "God makes His appointments," writes Arthur Spalding, "and He keeps them. As sure as the earth in its rotation makes the day, as sure as the moon in its movement around the earth makes the month, as sure as the earth's completion of its revolution about the sun makes the year, and as sure as all the heavenly bodies in their travels and conjunctions mark off the times of God, so sure is the fulfillment of the prophecies of God." Through diligent study of the Scriptures and earnest prayer, a Low Hamp- ton, New York, farmer named William Miller became a learned exponent of the prophecies. Especially important was the 2300-year period, which ended in 1844. "Then," said the prophecy, "shall the sanctuary be cleansed." Finally October 22 was decided upon as the day when Jesus was expected to come. True, the Saviour Himself had said, "But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only." 1 Before we form a hasty judgment concerning the Millerites, however, let us go back in history to another crushing disappointment. Even those who had been closest to Christ in His earthly ministry had not understood the truth He was trying to tell them concerning His death and resurrection. "With the death of Christ the hopes of His disciples perished. They looked upon His closed eyelids and drooping head, His hair matted with blood, His pierced hands and feet, and their anguish was indescribable. Until the last they had not believed that He would die; they could hardly believe that He was really dead. "Overwhelmed with sorrow, they did not recall His words foretelling this very scene. Nothing that He had said now gave them comfort. They saw only the cross and its bleeding Victim. The future seemed dark with despair. Their faith in Jesus had perished; but never had they loved their Lord as now. Never before had they so felt His worth, and their need of His presence."' Christ had not failed. The Bible prophecy had not failed. The disciples went on to carry the gospel throughout the known world in one generation. In 1844, likewise, Jesus had not failed His sorrowing believers. The proph- ecy had not failed. And those believers in the Advent went on; carrying the gospel throughout the world became their task. With God's blessing it can be completed in our generation. jj

1 Matt. 24:36. 2 The Desire of Ages, p. 772.

Grace Notes

Oxcart The specific location of the cover capture the more spectacular headlines. Un- scene is Trinidad, Bolivia. Wellesley Muir, questionably the long-drawn-out war in Viet- who took the picture, described it as "The nam is a large factor in the uncertainty that Wheel." This is certainly a dominant im- perplexes many youth. pression gained as the boy loads bricks. Stability The Christian because of his Study Serious study is being given to re- hope can demonstrate his stability in such activating scholastic Pen League for the com- times as these. Young writers therefore can ing season. The past several months have draw from a reservoir of faith that which will seen evidence of growing unrest among many encourage others to steadfastness. This is a segments of society. While both old and day, then, when young Christian writers can young are in the news, the young seem to bring a stabilizing influence. The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 5 Clockwise: Andrews Memorial Hospital pre- sents ... typical student of the hospital's school of practical nursing. Her classes meet in a room of the old manor. She searches long for medical records in the hot, cramped library. For lack of a hospital chapel or assembly room, workers worship and pray on veranda.

Jan of Jamaica

by JEWEL H. HENRICKSON

VOUR GENEROUS GIFT in the overflow offering I on thirteenth Sabbath last September 28 benefited Andrews Memorial Hospital's expansion program. You helped to provide better class and worship rooms, several hospital beds (permission to give graduate nurses training will be forthcoming with another 100), a new medical records library, cafeteria, offices, surgery, ma- ternity unit, and nurses' dormitory. It will help make Andrews a representative Advent- ist hospital, equipped to witness in Jamaica to a better way of life, physically and spiritually. 6 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 Clockwise: With no dormitory the student nurse must live in sister's home. She promotes hospital and island spiritual needs, going on Sabbaths by car . . . hiking over rocky mountain streams . . . and sometimes climbing to reach a needy country church. The Antiquity of Life and Carbon-14

by ROBERT GENTRY

Is IT possible to trace the antiquity formed by this cosmic-ray process is not original element into another atom of man's civilization by using radio- quite the same as ordinary carbon, be- having quite distinct chemical and ra- activity ? Were it not for a number of cause it, possesses radioactive properties dioactive properties, so that the fortuitous circumstances, radioactivity having fourteen particles in the nu- amount of the original radioactive ele- would be completely confined to in- cleus of the atom instead of twelve. ment diminishes with time. organic materials such as rocks and Thus, due to cosmic rays, radioactive A useful concept in dealing with minerals and thus would provide little carbon (radiocarbon) is being contin- radioactivity is the term half-life. If or no insight into past civilizations. uously supplied to the atmosphere. there exists a certain number of atoms Both plant and animal life reflect to Qualitatively the reaction may be writ- N at time T, then after a certain time some degree their physical environ- ten: T has elapsed only half of the original ment, and it is through an unexpected Nitrogen + Neutron Carbon-14 atoms are present in the sample. This atmospheric phenomenon that radio- + Proton period of time T required for half the activity infuses all living matter. Now, if radiocarbon had been found atoms to disintegrate is termed the From the depths of outer space the to possess a very short half-life there half-life. At the end of two half-lives earth is silently but continuously be- would have been no accumulation of (2T), the number of remaining atoms ing bombarded by streams of high- radiocarbon in the atmosphere—it is not zero, but one fourth of the energy particles known as cosmic rays. would have disintegrated almost as original number (N/4), and at the These cosmic rays impinge upon at- rapidly as it was formed. Fortunately, end of three half-lives only N/8 re- mospheric atoms at high altitudes, the half-life of about 5,700 years is main. In other words, after the passage causing disintegration of the atom and ideally suited to radioactive age meas- of a time period T the number of creating many smaller particles, which urements, provided certain basic prem- atoms available at the beginning of in turn sometimes initiate other disin- ises are valid. Before proceeding let us that period is reduced by a factor of tegrations. digress to consider the phenomenon one-half. It can be seen that this cascade proc- of radioactivity in more detail. Now that we understand something ess would produce large numbers of While certain elements are stable, about radioactivity and how radiocar- atomic fragments. The nitrogen of the others exhibit the property of spon- bon or carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere has an affinity to a certain taneous decay and thus are known as atmosphere, the next question is: How type of neutral atomic fragment, the radioactive elements. Charged parti- does the C-14 (carbon-14) become as- neutron. After a nitrogen atom cap- cles are usually emitted from the par- sociated with plant and animal life ? tures a neutron, it then re-emits a ent atom in the decay process, and The C-14 produced in the atmosphere charged particle, the proton, and an with proper instruments the decay of a soon unites with oxygen, thus forming atom of carbon is the net result of the single atom may be recorded. The de- the gas carbon dioxide. A small per- interaction. However, the carbon cay process transforms an atom of the centage of the atmosphere is stable The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 9 carbon dioxide, and thus the radioac- Any good clock, which keeps accurate consult a new standard of time to make tive carbon dioxide formed by cosmic- time, must, as a prerequisite, possess the proper adjustments. ray processes gradually becomes mixed some type of generating mechanism Now there is an analogy between with the other atmospheric gases. that runs at a constant rate. This gen- the generating mechanism of a clock This radioactive carbon dioxide erating mechanism may be actuated by and the rate at which the carbon-14 then begins to infuse all plant and a spring, as in a watch, or perhaps by diminishes in a given sample. A basic animal life, since all life depends upon an electric motor for an electric clock; premise or assumption in the use of an exchange with the atmosphere for or if one is using a sun dial the gen- carbon-14 as a means for measuring growth. During the life span of a erating mechanism is simply the rota- time is that the rate of disintegration plant or animal the uptake of radio- tion of the earth upon its axis. Need- of carbon-14 has always remained carbon reaches what is called the less to say, if the spring or motor be- constant. equilibrium value. At this point the comes defective somehow, the clock will But wait—our discussion has now organism is losing just as much radio- no longer keep accurate time. In addi- come to the point where we must cat- carbon by normal excretory processes tion, it is necessary to agree on some egorize the questions and problems as- sociated with radiocarbon dating, for while in principle the method is not difficult to understand, there are sev- eral areas of uncertainty which in the Why? over-all picture make the application of the method somewhat complex. Be- by JOHN D. ENGLE, JR. fore analyzing the complexities of the method, however, let us detail a brief You have been too generous with me, God— outline of the history of a particular Too kind, too gently generous with me. Why? specimen: A sample is collected—say From the start, You gave me all I asked— a piece of charcoal from a cave or a All the loveliness a heart could buy piece of wood from an archeological site, With coins of vision that You also gave. I have been grateful, but I have not kept or perhaps a bone from still another My vision active. I have been too long area. As far as possible the collector at- As one unseeing. I have sometimes slept tempts to avoid contamination of the Through revelations that the wakeful mind sample before sending it to the radio- Would have found real enough to hold carbon dating laboratory. Once in the Me anchored to the rock of truth. laboratory the sample is thoroughly There have been times when I have been too bold cleaned and by various chemical pro- In taking what I thought belonged to me, cedures is finally reduced to a form Forgetting that the reaching fingers must (usually a gas) so that the carbon in Move gently with no mean desire to grasp, the sample has been separated from Directed by humility and trust In Your beneficence. God, You have been most of the other constituents. The Too generous, too patient. You deny amount of carbon-14 in this reduced Me nothing. You provide all things sample is then measured by an elec- As though I were deserving of them. Why? tronic counter—a fairly difficult task when the carbon-14 level in the sample is quite low. The usual assumption is that the sample contained a certain amount of radiocarbon (at the time of death) equivalent to the amount it as is being ingested; there is achieved point in time as the initial point. For would contain if it had lived at present. then a state of balance between up- example, the initial point in time for It is also assumed that the carbon-14 take and loss. each new day is arbitrarily defined to in the sample diminished at a constant Usually the life span of the organ- begin after midnight of the preceding rate. It is then inferred that a certain ism is so short that little radiocarbon day. time period has elapsed for the carbon- has time to disintegrate while the or- Considerable confusion would result 14 content to have decreased from what ganism lives. However, when death oc- if various countries arbitrarily decided was assumed to have been the original curs the organism ceases to gain or to have different initial points for the carbon-14 content of the sample to the lose radiocarbon through normal life beginning of each day. Standardization present value. Now the question is processes. The amount of radiocarbon allows one to be assured that everyone whether this procedure does in fact in the organism at death then starts to within his time zone agrees on a com- relate elapsed time to the parameters decrease from radioactive decay. The mon point of origin for each day. No in question—and to answer this ques- next question is: Can the rate at which doubt your watch has stopped at one tion we must now categorize and ex- the carbon-14 diminishes in a sample time or another, and you were quickly amine more thoroughly all of the un- be determined, and if so, can this able to make the proper adjustment certainties involved. mechanism be utilized as a chronom- by consulting another clock, which you I. The question of a constant trans- eter, or time clock? felt had been keeping accurate time. formation rate. Before attempting to answer this This correction, a relatively simple one The assumption that the radioactive question, let us first consider the re- in this case, allows us to understand transformation rate has been constant quirements of an accurate time clock. that once our clock has failed we must is an inference or extrapolation of the 10 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 knowledge that at present the trans- the top layer samples would be sev- much larger than those which now formation rate does not vary. There eral thousand years old! exist) completely devoid of carbon-14. is no direct method for measuring the III. The problem of the amount of ra- By calculating the present-day influx radioactive transformation rate in the diocarbon in the atmosphere. of carbon-14 into such an atmosphere past. As previously noted, it is usually as- the amount of radiocarbon build-up II. The problem of absorption and sumed that the level of radiocarbon in from Creation to the time of the Flood retention of radiocarbon in a particular the atmosphere has remained constant may be approximated. When this ap- specimen. for at least the past few millenniums. proximation is done, it is observed that In other words, has there been any For example, under the evolutionary the level of carbon-14 in the antedilu- increase or decrease in carbon-14 within framework the world is considered to vian atmosphere was far less than the the sample due to environmental fac- be billions of years old, and it is quite present-day level, in contradistinction to tors. It is known that in some cases natural within this framework to con- a basic premise (number III) used in samples are contaminated, and carbon- sider that the level of carbon-14 in the radiocarbon dating at present. All ani- 14 is introduced into the sample after atmosphere has been relatively constant. mal and plant life that existed before death has occurred, so that the amount The point in question is, however, the Flood would then have ingested a of carbon-14 in the sample gives no whether this framework or model is much smaller amount of carbon-14 than indication whatsoever of the original in fact a valid representation of the plant and animal life living today for carbon-14 content at the time of death. history of the earth and of life thereon. the simple reason that the atmospheric For example, some specimens that ac- Suppose another model is considered . level of carbon-14 was much less. Thus tually contain very low amounts of Briefly, imagine the creation of the the apparent absence of radiocarbon radiocarbon can sometimes be con- earth with its new atmosphere com- that is sometimes found in certain sam- taminated with radiocarbon from mod- pletely devoid of carbon-14 and also ples is in many cases simply a reflection ern sources either in the field or in the with all plant life (including trees much, To page 20 laboratory and thus reflect much higher radiocarbon concentration when ana- lyzed in a radiocarbon counter. In many cases it is possible to trace the source of the contamination, but in some cases the nature of the contamination is quite Well-wishers? obscure. While on one hand it is possible for by DOROTHY EMMERSON specimens to reflect higher concentra- tions of radiocarbon than actually exist, it is also possible to obtain specimens OSPITALS usually have strict poor June was in tears and running that contain much lower radiocarbon H visiting rules, but oftentimes a temperature. Childbirth is tiring, concentrations than would ordinarily they are rather difficult to enforce. no matter what anyone may say. The be expected. In certain places it has A posted notice stating that visiting new mother needs plenty of rest, if been found that water from under- hours are from three to five doesn't for no other reason than to store up ground sources does not have the usual necessarily ensure that they will be energy for the months ahead when proportion of radiocarbon as is found heeded. I've observed that some visi- she won't be so likely to get it. in larger volumes of water. Organisms tors are pretty good at slipping by the The same goes for anyone who that derive their water supply from nursing staff unnoticed—and how has had major surgery. A sickroom such radiocarbon deficient sources re- are they to know that the patient should never be crammed full of flect smaller radiocarbon concentrations. they've come to see has already had people. It certainly should not be In addition, there are certain instances a dozen well-wishers during visiting invaded when a "no visitors" sign, when the isotope carbon-14 is not in- hours and is utterly exhausted? indicating that the patient is in des- gested into an organism in the same Anyone who has been hospitalized perate need of rest, is displayed on proportion as it exists in the surround- knows that a hospital is no place to the door. ing media, but this situation can usually find undisturbed peace! There are Oftentimes the person you visit be taken into account by various ex- so many tests, the checking of tem- is sharing a room with another pa- perimental techniques. perature and blood pressure, plus all tient. Even though your friend may As an illustration of the problems the various other nursing procedures be utterly delighted with the tale of that sometimes arise in radiocarbon that are a part of the hospital's your pet's latest tricks and eager to dating, we might cite the illustration scientific program to improve one's hear all the family news, this does of the analysis of the top layer sedi- health, that unless a patient is really not guarantee that the roommate is ments that were taken from cores off feeling up to it, visitors are not al- in this same perky frame of mind. the Pacific Coast and subsequently an- ways a blessing. Be considerate. alyzed for radiocarbon content.* The I well remember when June's first To make you a welcome visitor: top layer of the material had, of course, baby arrived. She felt so well that Check with the hospital before visit- been deposited very recently; yet the visitors were allowed the next day, ing a patient. Make your visit short radiocarbon content of the samples was which was Sabbath. They arrived in and cheerful. Send pretty cards, quite a bit lower than one would ex- droves, some even bouncing on the flowers or plants, and reading ma- pect. In fact, if the usual assumptions edge of her bed as they recounted terial (ladies like perfume too!). And of the carbon-14 dating method are involved stories of their own babies. do your well-wishing during visiting used, the average age of the surface of By the time visiting hours were over hours. The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 11 DEAD SEA SCROLLS 125 B.C. SEPTUAGINT

PAPYRI

VATIkE 1US•1 325

VULGATE A.D. 400

WYCLIF 1382

TYN DALE 1525 COVERDALE

REVISED VERSION 1885

DOUAI-RHEIMS , 1582-1610 AMERICAN STANDARD ; 1901

FRED COLLINS, ARTIST

COPYRIGHT m 1959 BY THE REVIEW AND HERALD

REVISED STANDARD '" 1952

1 Can You Trust Your Bible?

by WILLIAM LOVELESS, Ed.D.

USK had come to the hillside and The story of how our Bible came to When we examine the Bible we find D Jerome stood at the entrance of us is the story of men like Jerome— what it says about itself. The Bible as his cave listening for the footsteps that Church Fathers, bishops, prophets, and the written Word of God began in the came every night. A figure emerged kings. The story of Jerome illustrates time of Joshua. It came, first of all, from the darkness and joined him. The two important principles. He gave to from the hand of Moses. In the book of two men conversed briefly, quickly the Christian world for the first time a Joshua we find an interesting and crept inside, and, making provisions so reliable version of the Bible based on unique attitude toward the Bible, or that they would not be surprised, began the original text. the laws of Moses. Much of the Old the work of the evening. It was hard By "original text" do we mean that Testament, of course, had not been work. Jerome was mastering secret Jerome's translation of the book of written even in the time of Joshua. knowledge which would be of inestima- Isaiah, written in Hebrew, was based But notice this interesting view which ble value to the Christian church, on the original material that Isaiah appears in the first chapter of Joshua knowledge that until this time had not wrote? No. Did he translate from any (verse 8) : been at the disposal of the Christian of the original material that the proph- "This book of the law shall not de- church. ets wrote ? No, he translated from copies. part out of thy mouth; but thou shalt His companion and helper, a Jewish Then what do we mean by a "reliable meditate therein day and night, that rabbi, met Jerome in secret, for he did version" and the "original text," the thou mayest observe to do according to not want his people to know what he indispensable tools for Bible study ? all that is written therein: for then was doing. Nor would Jerome's pur- Moreover, who says that the book of thou shalt make thy way prosperous, suits be understood if they were known Isaiah should be in the Old Testament and then thou shalt have good suc- by the Christian community. You see, anyway? Who organized the Bible as it cess." he was learning Hebrew. Under the is organized? Who brought the books Very plainly, when Joshua took over best circumstances Hebrew is a difficult together? Who set up the sequence? from Moses, there was already in exist- language to learn. It is like no other These are some of the questions that ence a body of written literature which language that came out of the Roman must be asked and must be explored was recognized as inspired. There is world. Without the benefit of a dic- as we ask, Can we trust our Bible ? no record of a point in Old Testament tionary, without the benefit of a lexi- To determine the reliability of the time when a group of rabbis, a group con, without the benefit of a grammar, scriptural canon, we need to begin of priests, a group of kings, or a group Jerome mastered the Hebrew language within the pages of the Bible itself. The of prophets sat down together and said, in secret at night, because he, the great Old Testament canon is validated by "These are the inspired books that Latin Father, knew that the best source the New Testament declaration, "All should be in the Bible." for understanding the Bible would be scripture is given by inspiration of As the books that are now in our the original text. God"; it is God breathed; it is God's Bible came from their authors they Over a period of about thirteen years bringing to man the objective truth of were immediately accepted as inspired, this dogged, determined Father of the Himself and of His will; "and is profit- were never questioned, and were placed early church translated the Bible into able for doctrine, for reproof, for cor- in the canon of the Old Testament, Latin. He translated it from Hebrew rection, for instruction" in right living. accepted as individually inspired and and gave the world one of its great This refers to the Bible of the time of as a body inspired. Thus when Joshua Bible manuscripts, rivaling in impor- Christ—the Old Testament Scriptures. assumed leadership, the books of Moses, tance the German Bible of Martin Lu- This is the Bible that concerned Je- the books of the law, were already in ther and the English King James Ver- rome. By translating these Scriptures existence. It was assumed that the read- sion. Pronounced the official version of from the Hebrew into the Latin he ing of these books would cause profit the Roman Catholic Church at the would provide a Bible which the edu- and health and great benefit to come to Council of Trent in 1546, this Latin cated people of his day could read. God's people. There was no question Vulgate remains the official version of Many of the people of his day spoke about their inspiration. They were rec- that church today. Arabic; some of them spoke Greek, and ognized as being God-breathed, the they had the Greek Bible, the Septua- objective recording of God's mind by From a sermon first preached at Sligo Seventh-day Ad- gint version, which had come quite a man. ventist church, Takoma Park, Maryland, November 26, 1966. bit earlier. Joshua goes on. After the victory at The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 13 Ai, Joshua built an altar, "as it is writ- torian, describes a time when the bril- ten in the book of the law of Moses." liant young king Alexander the Great The book of Joshua portrays the use of Recipe advanced on Jerusalem to punish the the Bible in the early days after its first Jewish people because they had sided books were written—the Pentateuch, From an Oyster with Alexander's enemy. the laws of Moses. Beginning in the As he approached the city sometime eighth chapter of Joshua, we find re- by DOREEN GANDY about 320 B.c., he was met, not by the curring reference to the Book of the Jewish army, not by chariots and Law as an important part of the life How do we adjust? swordsmen, but by a solemn procession of priests, led by the high priest. In- of the people. In the times of David I think, like the oyster must: and of many of the other kings, this vited into the city, Alexander needed Working our own elements book figures. The history of the chil- no siege of guns, no ladders, firebrands, dren of Israel is the history of the in- Around gross irritants; or battering rams. In the precincts of fluence of the Bible in their midst. Over and over, the Temple the Jews told Alexander Often during Old Testament times Creating new environments. that they would not oppose him, be- the Bible was lost in church. It was lost Where change is sown cause he was a man of prophecy. Open- during the reign of King Manasseh. New pearls are grown. ing the Jewish Bible, the Old Testa- The king that followed him, Josiah, ment, to the book of Daniel, they heard about the Book of the Law and showed Alexander the prophecy re- instructed the priest, "Go down to the garding Greece and the great horn of Temple and see if you can find the the goat: Bible." They went through all the the Old Testament closed and there "And the rough goat is the king of refuse. They took out the altars and the began what many students call the Grecia; and the great horn that is be- groves that had been placed there. They dark period of the Bible, It really isn't tween his eyes is the first king."' threw out the prostitutes that were ply- the dark period at all, but it is a period "Alexander," they said, "you are that ing their trade in the Temple and in between the closing of the Old Testa- great horn." According to Josephus, the Temple courtyard. They searched ment canon and the first coming of Alexander was so pleased when he saw in the little place near the Temple Christ. During this time many works the prediction that he would be vic- where Isaiah had studied, and finally appeared, works that together would torious over the Persians, that he was they found the Bible. They brought the be comparable in size to two thirds of the great horn between the eyes of the Book of the Law and started to read it the New Testament. These works in rough goat that downed the ram, that to the king. It excited him so much that time would be called the Apocrypha. he offered sacrifices in the Temple, gave great reforms followed. And he said, Many of these Apocryphal books were gifts to the Jewish people, and spared "This must be read also to the people." produced during the four-hundred-year the city of Jerusalem. They gathered the people about and period following the final writing of Another interesting story regarding read the book. Among the reforms, idol- the Old Testament. But the period of the Bible and its presence in the midst atry was abolished after the reading of the prophets, and the Old Testament of God's people is the thrilling story of the Bible. as accepted according to Jewish under- its translation from Hebrew into Greek. The same thing happened during the standing, ceased about the time of Ezra Greek-speaking Jews living in the city time of Ezra and Nehemiah. These and Nehemiah, with the Old Testa- of Alexandria, Egypt, produced the great men of God who led the people ment canon comprising essentially the Septuagint version. It was from this ver- in their return to the city of Jerusalem works that we have today. sion that Jesus quoted while He was to rebuild the walls also did a lot of From the very beginning, as the on earth. Because Jesus had used this work in the books of the Old Testa- works that now comprise the Old Testa- version, Jerome's fellow Christians con- ment. There is no evidence either in ment appeared, they were considered demned his pursuits, because to them their work or in extra-Biblical sources by the Jewish people to be inspired. the Septuagint version was the very that Ezra and Nehemiah formed the They were formed and copied, recop- Word of God and should not be tamp- Old Testament canon. They certainly ied and read, and thus comprised the ered with. Therefore Jerome studied copied the Scriptures, they read the body of the Old Testament canon. Hebrew in secret, translating the Bible Scriptures, they emphasized the Scrip- There was no church council, no ex- in his secluded Bethlehem cave. tures, but they made no pronounce- pression of opinion or decision by any As we follow the building of the ment that certain writings were in- group of men. God simply directed Bible and its translation, the greatest spired and certain others were not. through His prophets and through His testimony of its reliability comes to us They started reading the Bible to the people, providing these inspired books. from Jesus. The basic question, What men and women in Jerusalem. Many Between the close of the Old Testa- do you think of the Bible ? no longer of the men had returned to Jerusalem ment and the birth of Christ there are exists. It becomes, What do you think with heathen wives. Many had several several records of the Bible and its of Christ? Jesus, of course, believed in wives. When the Book of the Law was influence in men's lives. One of these the Bible, and the Bible of His day was opened and the book was read, another records, from the pen of Josephus, is the Old Testament. great reform followed. The Bible tells considered by many Bible scholars to "And he said unto them, These are that these men set aside their wives so be a fallacious story. Nevertheless, the the words which I spake unto you, that each had only one. Again a spirit- unusual circumstances and interpreta- while I was yet with you, that all things ual revival took place as the Bible was tion of Bible prophecy included must be fulfilled, which were written in read. therein recommend its veracity in spite the law of Moses, and in the prophets, Shortly after this time, the canon of of its author. Josephus, the Jewish his- and in the psalms, concerning me." ' 14 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 Here Jesus placed His stamp of ap- that time to know that the Bible Jesus As the books of the Bible, the New proval on the Bible essentially as we talked about, the Bible Jesus believed, Testament now, were collected, two have it today. He affirmed the author- the Bible Jesus urged His followers to major characteristics were stipulated ity, the authenticity, the honesty, and obey, is essentially the Bible in current for inclusion. First, inspiration was de- the truth of the Bible as it was out- usage. termined by authorship. Was the ma- lined by the Jews, divided into the By the beginning of the second cen- terial written by an apostle ? By an eye- three categories—the law of Moses, the tury, literally hundreds of manuscripts witness ? By one who had seen, one prophets, and the wisdom of literature, recording the things Jesus said, or was who had felt, one who had heard the or the psalms. supposed to have said, were already in Lord Jesus Christ? Probably the most important single existence. The story of the codifying of Many fine books appeared. The Gos- modern discovery in the history of Bib- the New Testament is another thrilling pel of Barnabas, the Shepherd of Her- lical studies has occurred during our story. In the middle of the second cen- mas, and hundreds of lesser works ap- lifetime. In 1947 a little Bedouin goat- tury Marcion undertook the codifica- peared with the claim that they con- herd threw a stone down a hole in a tion of post-Old Testament books to tained the words of Jesus, or were writ- rocky gorge above the Dead Sea. In- form a New Testament, another Bible, ten by an apostle. stead of hearing the expected sound, he which would eliminate the Jewish The early church held fast to the heard a clinking and breaking. Afraid Bible. Of anti-Semitic prejudices, Mar- basic principle that a book must be that a hyena might be in the hole, he cion wanted no elements in the New written by a very close associate, as in ran. Returning with a friend, he saw Testament that had Jewish influence. the case of Mark, or by an apostle, and, near the opening several pots, some of He selected the Gospel According to secondly, that the contents themselves them broken, containing round, leather Luke, which he freely edited, and added must agree with the accounts of those scrolls. ten of the letters that the apostle Paul books already believed by the church It was more than a year before the had written, also freely edited. to be inspired. And so on the basis of scholarly world understood what had "This," he declared, "will be our authorship and on the basis of content happened when those Bedouin boys had new Bible. We'll eliminate all of the a canon of the New Testament devel- discovered what now are known as the Old Testament, because it is Jewish. oped. Dead Sea scrolls, the most fantastic sin- We'll eliminate these other books that By the time the church became pop- gle find of manuscript dating before the are supposed to be written by the apos- ular with the state, by A.D. 312 or 313, time of Christ comprising Old Testa- tles, because they have Jewish elements the canon of the New Testament as we ment writings. Contained in the pots in them; and we'll take only the Gospel know it today was set, accepted by the were several copies of the book of of Luke and ten of the letters of the church as authoritative and inspired, Isaiah, the book of Daniel, the Penta- apostle Paul, and this will be our new accepted as a companion to the Old teuch, the minor prophets, and several Bible for the Christian church." Testament, with the doctrine of inspira- copies of many of the books of the Old Many of the Church Fathers and tion, God breathed, affirming its au- Testament. Now for the first time Bible early scholars in the church said No to thenticity. Today the Adventist Church scholars could compare the language, Marcion, but not until the Council of accepts the tenet that properly under- the script, and markings with the Trent, fifteen hundred years later, did a stood, taken in context with its gram- script from the Bible that we have to- group of church scholars sit down to- matical and linguistic problems, and in day. They found many little changes, gether and proclaim, "This is our New the setting and in the culture of the many scribal errors, but essentially the Testament." At that time the New Tes- time when it was written, the Bible is same message, in many cases the same tament canon was already codified. the inspired Word of God. God was words. When the church rejected Marcion's the divine Superintendent in the writ- What a thrilling experience it has canon, it was individual rather than ing, and what came from His prophets been to conservative Christians since official rejection. and other writers, while not putting aside the individual characteristics of human personality, represents the ac- curate thoughts and the words that God wanted written. Laying the Pattern Now there are several views of in- spiration and of the Bible. One of them by KATHERINE SAUNDERS is that the Bible is the Word of God. Another one is that the Bible contains A little sailboat is slide-ruling the horizon; the Word of God. And the third one is Small frisky motorboat marks the goods with chalk; that the Bible becomes the Word of A gull pink-shears the sky God. When we say that the Bible con- Around the pattern shadow of autumn. tains the Word of God, which is the Then blue-green watered silk liberal position held by many today, Flattens out untouched. we simply say that when we take away the myth, the errors, the allegories, and the stories, the obvious lack of scien- tific evidence, when we take all of this from the Bible, we demythologize it, as it were, and there remains a kernel of truth. This kernel is the Word of God. So the Bible simply contains the Word The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 15 of God. This position is held by a num- What do you think of Jesus? Jesus af- wants us to know that we might know ber of leading Biblical scholars. Millar firmed the Bible; Jesus believed the Him and we might know His way. Burrows, professor of New Testament Bible; Jesus fulfilled the Bible. And The problem for many of us is not at Yale University, states his position He urged His followers to obey it. concerned with having right views thus: A well-known professor at the Uni- about the Bible. "The Bible is full of things which to versity of Chicago used to start his The problem for most of us is living an intelligent, educated person of to- philosophy of religion class by asking by the Bible. You see, it is one thing day are either quite incredible or at the students, "How many here believe for an Adventist Christian, or for any best highly questionable. . . . The pro- in the literal inspiration of the Bible? Christian, to believe in the truth of tracted struggle of theology to defend Is anyone here so foolish as to believe the Bible and to have a lot of good the inerrancy of the Bible against the that ?" Some poor student raised his views about the Holy Scriptures. It is findings of astronomy, geology and hand. "Well," countered the professor, quite another thing to study the Bible biology has been a series of retreats end- "when Jesus told His followers to go and let it transform our lives. ing in a defeat which has led all wise tell Herod, that fox, was Jesus speak- When some of the mutineering theologians to move to a better posi- ing of a furry, four-footed animal ?" crewmen of The Bounty arrived at tion." Of course, the chagrined student re- Pitcairn Island, they harbored in a lit- Emil Bruner, the late European pas- sponded, "No." "Well," continued the tle rocky cove, stripped the boat down, tor and theologian, stated another view: professor, "then you can't believe in burned it, and watched it sink. Then "The orthodox doctrine of verbal in- the literal inspiration of the Bible, of they settled down on the island to have spiration has been finally destroyed. It the New Testament. Now let's go to a wonderful South Pacific vacation: is clear that there is no connection be- the Old Testament. The psalmist says warm breezes, plenty to eat, lush vege- tween it and scientific research and that the 'hills clap for joy.' Do you be- tation, rich fertile lava soil! There en- honesty."' This is the simple position lieve that the mountains of Palestine sued drunken brawls, bitterness, mur- that the Bible contains the Word of bumped against each other for joy? der. In fact, the time came when only God. Of course, man in his wisdom No ? Well, then, you don't believe the two men were left on the island. Two becomes the final port of authority, you literal interpretation of the Bible." men and a number of women sur- see, for what is the Word of God and For all his learning, the professor veyed an island bathed in blood. It what is not. performed in a silly manner. Figura- was at that time that one of the men The third position simply is another tive language has its place in the Bible said, "Look, this isn't the best way to position taken by neo-orthodox theo- as it does in our own language and live. Let's see if we can find the Bible." logians today that the Bible may be- usage. Many of the problems that seem They dug into Captain Bligh's old come the Word of God, that it is the so great are problems that melt away sea chest. There they found a copy of record of the objective acts of God, when greater understanding comes. the Bible, just as we read it today— that it becomes the Word of God only Books on Biblical criticism are still King James Version of the Bible. when it becomes a vehicle to lead one appearing, but they deal with things They started to read it. The same to a personal encounter with God. that the church has known about for thing happened on that little island Then, and only then, it becomes the four or five hundred years: problems in the middle of nowhere in the South Word of God. of chronology in the Old Testament, Pacific that had occurred in the court The Seventh-day Adventist Church problems of synchronizing the synoptic of Josiah when they found the Bible has historically believed what historic Gospels in the New Testament. These under the refuse in the Temple, got Christianity has affirmed, that the problems are not new in the history of it out, and started to read it to the Bible is the Word of God and that the church, but in the shadow of many people. The fighting and murdering properly understood in the context of of these problems the doctrine of in- stopped, and they began to worship its language and times, it teaches the spiration has grown up, and it gen- God. They began to keep Sunday truth and does not teach error. This is erally helps us understand even better sacred. A missionary arrived; some the doctrine of verbal plenary inspira- what the Bible is teaching. tracts came; and they continued to tion. It is almost impossible, if not impos- study their Bible. Soon most of the Now there are problems connected sible, to have ten eyewitnesses give ten islanders were Seventh-day Adventist with the significant body of truth identical accounts of any event. In a Christians, all because of the influence called Bible. However, considering the court today if eyewitnesses disagree, of the Bible! There was no minister to thousands of statements which have we can cross-examine them. Cross-ex- interpret it. It had interpreted itself. been made over hundreds of years by amination clarifies many seeming in- Anything that is God breathed, that men of all breeds and varieties and consistencies. We can't cross-examine represents the Word of God in objec- temperaments, it's an amazing thing the Bible writers. We can't ask them, tive, written form can interpret itself that there aren't more problems than What did you mean when you said and can change lives, and has. we have. this ? Tell us a little more about this, Can we trust the Bible? Certainly! Exponents of Christianity have will you? But we know they were eye- We can trust the Bible, not because it never asserted and do not now assert witnesses. No one has doubted that. says it is inspired; we can trust the that everything has to be understood That has never been a problem. These Bible because Jesus, the Lord of the before you can believe anything. This eyewitnesses' reports come to us today Bible, is also the Lord of our lives. was never taught by Jesus. That every- with the testimony that this book is thing must be understood before any- the Word of God, and properly un- 1 Dan. 8:2L derstood it teaches truth and does not 2 Luke 24:44. thing can be believed has never been 2 Millar Burrows, An Outline of Biblical Theology taught by the church. The basic ques- teach error. It represents the very (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1946), pp. 9, 44. 4 Emil Bruner, The Mediator (New York: Macmillan, tion is not, Is the Bible inspired? but words and the very concepts that God 1942), p. 185. 16 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 Christ or the can!" Well, so am I. But I'll admit, money might have been spent for the reluctantly perhaps, that there are cause of Christ. But if I discipline my- far too many "things" that I feel I self, and sacrifice the greater part of must have. Things that used to be my record money for increasing my Reward? luxuries, I now too often call necessi- offerings, I should also be honest and ties. Except for those things, I could ask myself, "Why?" give larger offerings. Why do I want to give more to by GLADYS 0. MURRY It is not sinful for us to want con- missions? Why do I want to support veniences that tend to make our lives further our denominational network comfortable and pleasurable. But I'm programs in telling the masses of afraid I have a number of things I Christ's soon return? Do I choose to could do without. For instance, that stop holding on to my possessions, new record I bought yesterday. True to let loose of all, so that we can get enough, the record was on sale, but the business of this earth finished, had I denied myself even the sale and go home with Jesus? Or, do I price of the new disk there would be hope to get my $3 back in tangible THREE-YEAR-OLD grand- $3 more in my purse next Sabbath, benefits, even as Marla evidently Mdaughter was attending Sab- when I start considering how much I hoped for the return of her offerings? bath school for the first time. She can spare for the Thirteenth Sabbath I have heard many Seventh-day was intrigued when the cradle roll Offering. Adventists, perhaps even myself, leader allowed her to drop her offer- Two years ago I didn't even pos- pine for the material blessings of ing into the top slot of a glass-en- sess a stereo. Came the day when heaven. One wants the crown. closed case. First one nickel then the the bank account showed a slight Another is intrigued with the gates of other went zigzagging down a chute elevation, I didn't think of missions. pearl; while still another longs to to the bottom of the case, where I didn't think of church expense. I walk the streets of gold. We, not there was a beautiful picture of Je- thought of buying a small stereo— wearing pearls or unnecessary gold sus. How little Marla's eyes shone an inexpensive one, mind you. I rea- upon this earth, are too often count- as she "brought her gifts to Jesus"! soned that the Scriptures certainly ing on the shimmering rewards of She sat quietly and listened to the bring out the joys and benefits of heaven, rather than its spiritual pos- Sabbath school lesson, then tried to music. And besides, we could have sibilities. keep up with the other children when such lovely Sabbath afternoon con- Have you thought about associat- they sang, "Our Sabbath school is certs. ing with angels? Imagine enjoying over, and we are going to church." I do not mean to give the impres- the companionship of your guardian She was still quiet and thoughtful sion that God disapproves of a stereo angel—and that face to face! on the ride home from church. set and a few good records, well Imagine the Sabbath days, week Finally she spoke. "Grandma, is Je- chosen. But with me, it hasn't after week, when we will gather with sus really coming back again?" stopped there. Now I find it terribly the rest of the saved, around our "He certainly is," I assured her, hard to pass a record counter with- Lord. How thrilling to see in that gratified that this child had paid so out making a purchase, sale or no heavenly throng the friends and much attention to her Sabbath school sale. neighbors who were redeemed partly lesson. But I was unprepared for her The $3 I spent for my most recent because we were faithful in sacrifi- next question: "Well, Grandma, will purchase would have helped consid- cially supporting the work of the He bring my two nickels back with erably in supporting the Voice of church while on earth. What better Him?" Prophecy, It Is Written, or Faith for reason for wanting to increase our Yes, it was funny. But wasn't it Today programs. It would also have offerings? also typical of many of us? Come to enabled the Dorcas Society to almost 0 Father in heaven, help us to think of it, maybe it wasn't so typi- fill a food basket for a needy family. forgo the luxuries we covet whether cal, for many of us find it hard to Multiply that $3 by the number of they be records or real estate, fast let go of our two nickels in the first times I have encountered record cars, fat wallets, or fancy clothing; place. sales, and it amounts to quite a sum let us be willing to have less that we I can just hear someone saying, that could have increased my offer- may have more to give for Thy cause. "Don't campaign for more or larger ings. Let us forget about our two nickels, offerings! We have too many now. So my beautiful record has a hol- and contemplate sitting at the feet Besides, I'm giving all I possibly low sound, now that I think how the of Jesus. The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 17 ,Wrap up your Christmas shopping in the next ten minutes

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1 8 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 doubting spirit. Those who defer obedience till every shadow of uncertainty disappears and there Sabbath School Lessons remains no risk of failure or defeat, will never obey at all."-Ibid., p. 290. Prepared for publication by the General 10. Who fought with Israel in Rephidim, Conference Sabbath School Department and with what results? Ex. 17:8-13. NOTE.-"As Aaron and Hur supported the hands of Moses, they showed the people their duty to sustain him in his arduous work while he should receive the word from God to speak to them. And the act of Moses also was significant, OCTOBER 26, 1968 bush? What command was given, and why? showing that God held their destiny in His Ex. 3:2-5. hands."-Ibid., p. 299. NOTE.-"Humility and reverence should char- SENIOR acterize the deportment of all who come into Moses and Jethro the presence of- God. In the name of Jesus we may come before Him with confidence, but we 11. After bringing Moses' family to him IV-Moses, the Peerless Leader must not approach Him with the boldness of and watching Moses in his work, what ques- presumption, as though He were on a level with ourselves."-Ibid., p. 252. tion did his father-in-law raise? Ex. 18:13-16. Part I 6. At this time what call did Moses receive, 12. How did Jethro advise Moses, and how and what was his response? Ex. 3:10; 4:10, 13. was his counsel regarded by his son-in-law? LESSON SCRIPTURES: EX. 2:8-21; 3:1-10; Ex. 18:17-24. NOTE.-"But Moses still entreated that a more 4:10-13, 18; 14:10-30; 17:8-13; 18:13-24; Nars.-“The Lord had greatly honored Moses, 32:7-13. competent person be selected. These excuses at " first proceeded from humility and diffidence; but and had wrought wonders by his hand; but the MEMORY VERSE: By faith Moses, when he after the Lord had promised to remove all diffi- fact that he had been chosen to instruct others was come to years, refused to be called the son culties, and to give him final success, then any did not lead him to conclude that he himself further shrinking back and complaining of his needed no instruction."-Ibid., p. 301. of Pharaoh's daughter; choosing rather to suf- unfitness showed distrust of God. It implied a fer affliction with the people of God, than to fear that God was unable to qualify him for the enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season" (Heb. great work to which He had called him, or that Apostasy at Sinai 11:24, 25). He had made a mistake in the selection of the man."-Ibid., p. 254. 13. While Moses was on the mount, what STUDY HELPS: Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. did the Lord tell him about Israel? Ex. 32: 241-256, 281-302; The SDA Bible Commen- 7. When the Lord overcame all his objec- 7, 8. tary, vol. 1. tions, what decision did Moses make? Ex. 4:18. 14. What proposal did the Lord make to God's Purpose for Moses Moses, and how was it received by him? Ex. NOTE.-"But having once accepted the work, 32:9-13. 1. In spite of Moses' becoming the adopted he entered upon it with his whole heart, putting all his trust in the Lord. . . . God blessed his NOTE.-"His interest in Israel sprang from no son of the princess of Egypt, who had the ready obedience, and he became eloquent, hope- selfish motive. The prosperity of God's chosen most to do with his early life? Ex. 2:8-10. ful, self-possessed, and well fitted for the greatest people was dearer to him than personal honor, NOTE.-"How far-reaching in its results was work ever given to man. This is an example of dearer than the privilege of becoming the father the influence of that one Hebrew woman, and what God does to strengthen the character of of a mighty nation."-Ibid., p. 319. she an exile and a slave! The whole future life those who trust Him fully and give themselves of Moses, the great mission which he fulfilled unreservedly to His commands."-Ibid., p. 255. as the leader of Israel, testifies to the importance Lessons to Be Learned: of the work of the Christian mother. There is no other work that can equal this. To a very Wilderness Triumphs 1. Mothers exert a tremendous influence great extent the mother holds in her own hands over their children in their formative years. the destiny of her children."-Patriarchs and 8. In spite of the miraculous deliverance Prophets, p. 244. from Egypt, how did the Israelites act when Question 1. faced with danger at the Red Sea, and how 2. Good ends are not to be accomplished 2. What plan did God have for Moses? Was did Moses answer their complaint? Ex. 14: by wrong means. Question 3. it understood? Acts 7:25. 10.14. 3. Men can be prepared for great re- NOTE.-"The elders of Israel were taught by NOTE.-"True, there was no possibility of de- sponsibilities in humble occupations and rela- angels that the time for their deliverance was liverance unless God Himself should interpose tive obscurity. Question 4. near, and that Moses was the man whom God for their release; but having been brought into 4. The people of God should be models of would employ to accomplish this work. Angels this position in obedience to the divine direction, instructed Moses also that Jehovah had chosen Moses felt no fear of the consequences."-Ibid., reverence. Question 5. him to break the bondage of His people."- p. 284. Single-minded and unshakable devotion Ibid., p. 245. 5. to a God-given task is a prime requisite in 9. What astounding miracle saved them 3. In what incident do we see Moses at- from an apparently fatal trap? Ex. 14:29, 30. those who work for God. Question 7. tempting to accomplish a good end by wrong 6. The Christian trusts most when he can means? Ex. 2:11-14. NOTE.-"The great lesson here taught is for all time. Often the Christian life is beset by see ahead the least. Questions 8, 9. NOTE.-"In slaying the Egyptian, Moses had dangers, and duty seems hard to perform. The 7. In the work of God divine power unites fallen into the same error so often committed imagination pictures impending ruin before and with human endeavor. Question 10. by his fathers, of taking into their own hands bondage or death behind. Yet the voice of God the work that God had promised to do. It was speaks clearly, 'Go forward.' We should obey 8. The Christian accepts good counsel not God's will to deliver His people by warfare, this command, even though our eyes cannot pene- from any source. Question 12. as Moses thought, but by His own mighty power, trate the darkness, and we feel the cold waves that the glory might be ascribed to Him alone. about our feet. The obstacles that hinder our 9. The true pastor is one with his people Yet even this rash act was overruled by God progress will never disappear before a halting, and puts their interest first. Question 14. to accomplish His purposes."-Ibid., p. 247. 4. To what place did Moses flee, and what experiences did he have in the land of his exile? Ex. 2:15-17, 21; 3:1. NOTE.-"Man would have dispensed with that ILLUMINATION OP THE TOPIC: Patri- long period of toil and obscurity, deeming it a YOUTH archs and Prophets, pp. 241-256, 281-302; great loss of time. But Infinite Wisdom called The SDA Bible Commentary. him who was to become the leader of his people to spend forty years in the humble work of a STUDY AIM: To discover the factors shepherd. The habits of care-taking, of self-forget- IV-Moses, the Peerless governing the youth of Moses which caused fulness and tender solicitude for his flock, thus Leader, Part 1 him to advance to greatness. developed, would prepare him to become the compassionate, long-suffering shepherd of Israel. MEMORY GEM: "By faith Moses, when No advantage that human training or culture Introduction could bestow, could be a substitute for this ex- he was come to years, refused to be called perience."-Ibid., pp. 247, 248. the son of Pharaoh's daughter; choosing "The strength of Moses was his connec- rather to suffer affliction with the people tion with the Source of all power, the The Call to Lead Israel of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin Lord God of hosts. He rises grandly above 5. Who met with Moses at the burning for a season" (Heb. 11:24, 25). every earthly inducement, and trusts him- The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 19 self wholly to God. He considered that 3. What mistake did Moses make not a vision; it was a living reality,— he was the Lord's. While he was connec- which brought trouble upon him? Ex. something that Moses saw with his eyes. ted with the official interests of the king 2:11-14. He heard the voice of God calling to him of Egypt, he was constantly studying the "In slaying the Egyptian, Moses had out of the bush, and he covered his face, laws of God's government, and thus his fallen into the same error so often com- realizing that he stood in the immediate faith grew. That faith was of value to mitted by his fathers, of taking into their presence of God. God was conversing with him. It was deeply rooted in the soil of his own hands the work that God had prom- humanity."—The SDA Bible Commen- earliest teachings, and the culture of his ised to do. It was not God's will to deliver tary, Ellen G. White Comments, on Ex. life was to prepare him for the great work His people by warfare, as Moses thought, 3:2-5, p. 1099. of delivering Israel from bondage."—The but by His own mighty power, that the 6. What work did God call on SDA Bible Commentary, Ellen G. White glory might be ascribed to Him alone."— Comments, on Ex. 2:10, p. 1098. Moses to do in Egypt? Ex. 3:10; 4:10, Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 247. 13. "Not yet was Moses prepared for his 1—God's Purpose for Moses lifework. He had yet to learn the lesson "The time had fully come when God of dependence upon divine power. He would have Moses exchange the shepherd's 1. From whom did Moses receive his had mistaken God's purpose. It was his staff, for the rod of God, which he would earliest training? Ex. 2:8-10. hope to deliver Israel by force of arms. For make powerful in accomplishing signs and "Jochebed was a woman and a slave. this he risked all, and failed."—Education, wonders, in delivering his people from op- Her lot in life was humble, her burden p. 62. pression, and in preserving them when heavy. But through no other woman, save pursued by their enemies."—Spiritual Mary of Nazareth, has the world received 4. Where did Moses flee, and what Gifts, vol. 3, p. 188. greater blessing. Knowing that her child happened to him there? Ex. 2:15-17, must soon pass beyond her care, to the 21; 3:1. 7. When all of his excuses had been answered, what did Moses finally de- guardianship of those who knew not God, "In the wilds of Midian, Moses spent cide to do? Ex. 4:18. she the more earnestly endeavored to link forty years as a keeper of sheep. Apparently his soul with heaven. . . . Those principles cut off forever from his life's mission, he "To Moses faith was no guesswork; it of truth that were the burden of his moth- was receiving the discipline essential for was a reality. He believed that God ruled er's teaching and the lesson of her life, its fulfillment. Wisdom to govern an ig- his life in particular; and in all its details no after influence could induce Moses to norant and undisciplined multitude must he acknowledged Him. For strength to renounce."—Education, p. 61. be gained through self-mastery. In the care withstand every temptation, he trusted in Him. 2. of the sheep and the tender lambs, he What plan did God have for "The great work assigned him he desired Moses, and by whom was it misunder- must obtain the experience that would to make in the highest degree successful, stood? Acts 7:25. make him a faithful, long-suffering shep- herd to Israel."—Ibid., p. 62. and he placed his whole dependence upon "For he supposed. Rather, 'but he was divine power. He felt his need of help, supposing' even as he slew the Egyptian. asked for it, by faith grasped it, and in the He took for granted that the Hebrews 2—Called to Lead Israel assurance of sustaining strength went for- would understand his deed and its motives. ward."—Education, pp. 63, 64. He was quickly disillusioned. . . . The 5. Who met Moses at the burning speaker may also be suggesting a com- bush, and what instruction was given? parison between Moses and Jesus, who Ex. 3:2-5. 3—Wilderness Triumphs were both rejected b7 the people whom "It will baffle the keenest intellect to How did the Lord, through they sought to help. 8. —The SDA Bible interpret the divine manifestation of the Moses, save His people at the Red Commentary, on Acts 7:25. burning bush. It was not a dream; it was Sea? Ex. 14:10-30. "As morning broke it revealed to the multitudes of Israel all that remained of their mighty foes—the mail-clad bodies cast upon the shore. From the most terrible THE ANTIQUITY OF LIFE AND CARBON-14 peril, one night had brought complete de- liverance. That vast, helpless throng— From page 11 bondmen unused to battle, women, chil- dren, and cattle, with the sea before them, and the mighty armies of Egypt pressing of the extremely low carbon-14 level of this several-hundred-year period would behind—had seen their path opened the atmosphere in antediluvian time have been in a state of turbulence, one through the waters and their enemies over- rather than an indication of great an- could not expect to use radiocarbon as whelmed in the moment of expected tri- an indicator of time until after equilib- umph. Jehovah alone had brought them tiquity. Thus it is not surprising that deliverance, and to Him their hearts were the coal and oil deposits contain very rium conditions had been achieved. turned in gratitude and faith."—Patriarchs little, if any, carbon-14, since these de- In summary, to the question, When and Prophets, pp. 287, 288. posits are derived from vegetation that can radiocarbon be used for dating pur- poses ? the answer is clear—When all 9. How were the Israelites saved existed prior to the Flood. As a second from thirst? Ex. 17:1-6. feature of our nonevolutionary-frame- the premises cited above have been veri- "Taking some of the elders with him as work model, we imagine that during fied and the uncertainties resolved. As witnesses, Moses was to leave the people the upheaval at the time of the Flood a result, caution should be exercised be- in Rephidim and go up into the mountains a large cosmic ray storm may have oc- fore equating many of the "radiocarbon in advance of the spot where the people curred, rapidly increasing the radiocar- dates" or "ages" with elapsed time. In were encamped. The performance of this bon content within a short period of conclusion, we have considered only one miracle was to be witnessed only by the elders, in contrast with the second similar time. If this were the case, it would be catastrophe-related model of radiocar- experience when water was brought forth unlikely that the newly formed radio- bon dating—a model that allows one to in the presence of all the people. . . carbon would have achieved a state of understand why certain radiocarbon "The Lord promised to come personally equilibrium between the atmosphere analyses may be valid while others are to the help of Moses. It was His gracious presence that caused water to flow out of and oceans for at least several hundred questionable. the rock, though this was not to be till years after the Flood. Since the amount • K. 0. Emery and E. E. Bray, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol Moses should strike it with his staff, that of carbon-14 in the atmosphere during Geologists, Vol. 46, p. 1839, Oct. 1962. the people might acknowledge him as 20 The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 God's representative."—The SDA Bible holding a solemn feast in commemoration 14. How did Moses react to God's Commentary, on Ex. 17:5, 6. of God's mercy. suggestion that the Israelites be de- "As Jethro remained in the camp, he stroyed and he become the father of 10. How did Moses help bring vic- soon saw how heavy were the burdens that a new nation? Ex. 32:9-13. tory to the army of Israel when fight- rested upon Moses. To maintain order "God saw that the children of Israel, ing the Amalekites at Rephidim? Ex. and discipline among that vast, ignorant, especially the mixed multitude, were con- 17:8-13. and untrained multitude was indeed a tinually disposed to rebel, and, by their stupendous task. Moses was their recog- works, provoke Him to destroy them. He "Moses held up his hands toward nized leader and magistrate, and not only knew that they would murmur against Heaven, with the rod of God in his right the general interests and duties of the Moses when in difficulty, and grieve him hand, entreating help from God. Then people, but the controversies that arose by their continual rebellion. He proposed Israel prevailed, and drove back their among them, were referred to him."— to Moses to consume them, and make of enemies. When Moses let down his hands Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. 300, 301. him a great nation. Here the Lord proved it was seen that Israel soon lost all that they Moses. He knew that it was a laborious and had gained, and were being overcome by 12. What did Jethro advise Moses soul-trying work to lead that rebellious their enemies. . . . people through to the promised land. He "This act of Moses, reaching his hands to do, and how was his advice re- ceived? Ex. 18:13-24. would test the perseverance, faithfulness toward God, was to teach Israel that while and love of Moses, for such an erring and they made God their trust, and laid hold "Moses was not above being instructed ungrateful people. But Moses would not upon His strength, and exalted His throne, by his father-in-law. God had exalted him consent to have Israel destroyed. He He would fight for them, and subdue their greatly and wrought wonders by his hand. showed by his intercessions with God that enemies."—Spiritual Gifts, vol. 3, p. 258. Yet Moses did not reason that God had he valued more highly the prosperity of chosen him to instruct others, and had ac- God's chosen people than a great name, 4—Moses and Jethro complished wonderful things by his hand, or to be called the father of a greater na- and he therefore needed not to be in- tion than was Israel."—Spiritual Gifts, structed. He gladly listened to the sugges- vol. 3, pp. 276, 277. 11. What was Moses doing for the tions of his father-in-law, and adopted his children of Israel which troubled his plan as a wise arrangement."—Spiritual father-in-law? Ex. 18:13-16. Gifts, vol. 3, p. 261. What Is in This Lesson for Me? "Jethro had heard of the deliverance of the Hebrews, and he now set out to visit I may not know as definitely, as Moses them, and restore to Moses his wife and 5—Apostasy at Sinai did, what the Lord wants me to do in two sons. . . . To Jethro he {Moses} re- life, but may I not expect to have revealed counted the wonderful dealings of God 13. While Moses was on Mount Si- to me what the Lord wants me to do if I with Israel, and the patriarch rejoiced and nai, what did the Lord reveal to him ask Him? Will he indicate this to me if blessed the Lord, and with Moses and the about the children of Israel? Ex. 32: He knows that I will refuse to accept His elders he united in offering sacrifice and 7, 8. assignment?

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► Extracted teeth treated with cobalt ► During the course of a day in the ► Americans consumed 275,000 tons of radiation may be the answer to the long- height of the growing season, a 40-foot strawberries in 1967. This year's bumper sought tooth bank. Radiation treatment, tree may absorb 19 gallons of water. crop has traveled to market in "sleeping similar to that used in bone banks, may National Geographic Society bags." Growers place boxes of fresh preserve a tooth for indefinite storage strawberries in polyethylene bags ► Of the 37,000 trees lining the streets pumped full of a special gas low in oxy- and also solve the rejection problem. and squares of Seville, Spain, some 6,000 Irradiation of extracted teeth appears gen and high in carbon dioxide. The are orange trees and 3,000 are palm trees. gas mixture puts the fragile berries to to alter the protein material that trig- The rest are white acacias, jacarandas, gers the rejection mechanism. Teeth in sleep by virtually stopping decay and and other trees of southern climate. IDES the bank are largely extracted wisdom mold. National Geographic Society teeth or those removed during ortho- All but vanished from the American ► ► A model car and a pair of bathing dontic procedures. UCAL home kitchen is the incomparable aroma trunks were the reward of Markus of bread baking. Commercial bakers Bauer, two years and 10 months old, ► Texas is number one in the number now produce 96 per cent of all bread of landing facilities within a State's after completing a quarter-of-an-hour in the United States. swim at the Baby Swim School in borders-881. Others in the top five are National Geographic Society California, 669; Alaska, 607; Illinois, Munich, Germany. It is claimed the child is the youngest free-style swimmer 446; Pennsylvania, 443. As of August ► An electronic nurse has been in- 1, 1967, there were 10,015 landing facili- stalled in a private nursing home in in the world. GIC ties in the 50 U.S. States, including 9,209 Johannesburg, South Africa. The ma- ► Inexplicably, the geomagnetic pole airports, 419 heliports, and 307 seaplane chine consists of an electronic eye, mem- may move 700 miles in a century. Scien- bases. The FAA tally excludes military ory, and brain, which can watch and re- tists cannot explain the curious drifting airfields, but includes those which serve cord heartbeats, temperature, and of the "virtual," or apparent, geomag- both military and civil traffic. FAA breathing of eight patients. A human netic north pole. nurse will be able to see the condition of National Geographic Society ► Backed by a grant from the National each of the patients by pressing a button, Traffic Safety Bureau of the United which will flash the information on a ► There are nearly 4 million inhabitants States Department of Transportation, screen in front of her. She will be able in Tunisia, which is on the northern the engineering laboratory at the Uni- to communicate with each patient by coast of Africa, about midway between versity of California will endeavor to de- microphone. ISSA Gibraltar and Suez. STB velop better tail lights for motor vehi- cles. The researchers will experiment with different types of tail lights, vary- ing their colors, brightness, size, spac- ing, and light contrast. UCAL Recipe of the Week ► To make sure that the art of making lace by hand does not die out, a Lace School has been started in Barcelona, SOY CHEESE AND BEAN SPROUTS ENTREE ENCORE Spain. This is thought to be the first school of its kind in Europe. The aim is to preserve the delicate skill in all its Yield: 4 servings varieties, both Spanish and foreign. Al- 1 cup soy cheese (tofu) 1 4-oz. can mushrooms ready the school boasts 100 pupils of all 1 cup celery, sliced 1 cup bean sprouts, fresh Vs tsp. Savorex 3 tsp. cornstarch ages. IDES 3/4 cup vegetable broth 1 tbsp. oil 2 tbsp. soy sauce ► Modern Egypt, the United Arab Re- public, has one of the fastest-growing 1. Cut the soy cheese in about 1 inch squares. populations on earth. The population 2. Braise the soy cheese and mushrooms in oil and Savorex. has risen to 30,054,000, and a million 3. Parboil the celery 2 minutes, then add bean sprouts and parboil 1 new babies arrive each year. more minute. National Geographic Society 4. Thicken the broth with the cornstarch and add the soy sauce. 5. Mix the ingredients lightly and serve at once. ► Sixty per cent of Americans who 6. There should be real firmness to the vegetables, so be careful not to drown do so because they have fallen overcook them. into the water accidentally. An ability to swim could have saved them, report COURTESY, SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST DIETETIC ASSOCIATION Red Cross services. ANRC The Youth's Instructor, October 22, 1968 23 prescription for YOUR future:

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