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3 List of Free Blacks 6-2-9.Pdf INTRODUCTION Census Of 1800 This document is a compilation of free black entries in the federal censuses for Prince Like its predecessor, the Census of 1800 enumerated individuals by household, recording George’s County, Maryland from 1790 to 1860. It was prepared by The Ottery Group, Inc., as only the name of the head-of-household, and categorizing the inhabitants of that household. part of a contract with The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, Prince The 1800 census included categories not used in 1790. The categories for households in George’s County Planning Department, to document the history of antebellum plantations. 1800 consisted of: (1) “Free White Males Under Ten Years of Age,” (2) “Free White Males of Entries from each census year have been tabulated; each table is unique to a particular Ten and Under Sixteen,” (3) “Free White Males of Sixteen and Under Twenty Six Including census year. The purpose of this document is to assist researchers focusing on the Heads of Households,” (4) “Free White Males of Twenty Six and Under Forty Five Including historically small, but significant, free black population in the county. If used in combination Heads of Households,” (5) “Free White Males of Forty Five and Older Including Heads of with other primary historical records such as maps, land records, tax records, etc., these Households,” (6) “Free White Females Under Ten Years of Age,” (7) “Free White Females of Ten tables represent a useful tool for genealogical and historical research, as well as for locating and Under Sixteen,” (8) “Free White Females of Sixteen and Under Twenty Six Including the physical remnants of the lives of the free blacks across the landscape of Prince George’s Heads of Households,” (9) “Free White Females of Twenty Six and Under Forty Five Including County in the pre-civil war era. Heads of Households,” (10) “Free White Males of Forty Five and Older Including Heads of Households,” (11) “All Other Free Persons Except Indians Not Taxed,” and, (12) “Slaves.” RECORD DESCRIPTIONS Table 3 consists of all records containing one or more entry in the “All Other Free Persons Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution of the United States outlines the role and composition Except Indians Not Taxed” category. Unlike the Census of 1790, the 1800 census is not of the House of Representatives. It also mandates a decennial enumeration of the population. alphabetized. However, it does not specify any political division by either hundred or electoral The first census was taken in 1790 and one has followed every decade since. The information district. It is likely that the order in which entries are listed corresponds to the order in which recorded in the federal census has changed considerably between 1790 and 1860, evolving the households were visited. Therefore, it may be possible to establish the general location of from a simple accounting of households to a series of schedules recording each individual free households based on the names of those living in close proximity. This information may person as well as statistics for agricultural, industrial, and commercial output. be accessible through other primary sources, in particular annual tax records. The following tables provide an enumeration of free black entries in the federal censuses for The information provided in Table 3 was transcribed from images of the original 1800 census Prince George’s County, Maryland. Table 1 summarizes the free black entries in the federal available through Ancestry.com (subscription required). This record appears complete. census by year and political division. The data contained in the subsequent census tables are transcribed without correction. The original handwritten documents from which these tables Census of 1810 were derived are often difficult to decipher. When unintelligible, or nearly so, a question mark (?) indicates uncertainty. The Census of 1810 is the first geo-politically organized census. Entries are grouped into batches consisting of two or three hundreds, referring to a geographic district or region within Census of 1790 the county. The groupings consist of: (1) Collington and Western Branch (abbreviated C, WB), (2) Horsepen and Patuxent (H, P), (3) King George and Grub (KG, G), (4) New Scotland, This census classified entries by household; only the name of the head of household was Oxon, and Bladensburg (NS, O, B), (5) Piscataway and Hynson (P, H), (6) Rock Creek and recorded along with the number of individuals residing in the household, divided by age, sex, Eastern Branch (RC, EB), (7) Upper Marlboro, Charlotte, and Mount Calvert (UM, Ch, MC), and racial categories. These categories included: (1) “Free White Males of 16 Years and and (8) Mattapony, Washington, and Prince Frederick (M, W, PF). This information allows for Upwards,” (2) “Free White Males Under 16 Years,” (3) “Free White Females,” (4) “All Others,” a slightly better understanding of where free black households were distributed and (5) “Slaves.” Free blacks are presumably counted in the “All Others” category. It is likely geographically across the county. that other, non-free blacks were included in this category. The age, sex, and race divisions for persons within the household remain unchanged from For Prince George’s County, the 1790 census lists the head of household in alphabetical 1800. Accordingly, although it is possible to generate significant demographic information for order, with some minor variations. As a result, little can be gleaned about the geographic free whites, the nature of the record limits this ability for the slave and free black distribution of households within the county. Each of the records containing one or more populations. individuals classified in the “All Others” category is listed in Table 2. This table utilizes the data transcribed from the 1907 edition of the 1790 Census printed by the Government Table 4 contains every entry in the 1810 census with one or more individuals listed in the “All Printing Office. Other Free Persons” category. This information was transcribed from images of the original census available through Ancestry.com. The census summary for 1810 lists a total of 4,929 free black individuals in Prince George’s County, an unusually high number compared to the 1 overall population. The records transcribed from the original images included only 814 free lost data or errors in the calculation of the original census summary. Nonetheless, Table 6 is black individuals. There are, however, large gaps between page numbers. Although the lack of considered a nearly complete record. free black entries on several pages accounts for some of these gaps, given the discrepancy between the number of free blacks in the census summary and the number of free blacks Censuses of 1850 and 1860 contained in the original record images, it is likely that the 1810 census is incomplete. The information in Tables 7 and 8 was generated from data available from the MSA, Beneath Census of 1820 the Underground website. The censuses of 1850 and 1860 contain nearly identical information. These censuses include the name of every individual, not exclusively the head of The 1820 Census contains several categories not included in previous years. Entries household. The sex and age of every individual, rather than age groupings, are also provided. remained organized by heads of households. However for the first time, free blacks and slaves The record contains the race for every person, classified as white, black, or mulatto. within households are classified by sex and further divided into age categories. Additionally, Additional categories include information regarding profession, property value, education, information is provided indicating the number of individuals in each household that are literacy, ability to hear, and ability to speak. Data regarding literacy have been omitted from foreigners not naturalized, as well as the number of persons engaged in agriculture, Tables 7 and 8. Any infirmities recorded in the census have been recorded in a “Comments” commerce, and manufacturing. This also represents the first census organized by election column; this column is not original to the 1850 and 1860 censuses. If free blacks resided in district, which replaced the hundreds divisions that were used during preceding years. These white households, the name of the white head-of-household is recorded in the “Comments” districts are: Vansville, Bladensburg, Marlboro, Queen Anne, Nottingham, Piscataway, and column. This information is not attainable through a search of the Beneath the Underground Spauldings. website, but was provided as part of the M-NCPPC review. Table 5 contains entire entries for households containing at least one free black individual. Based on the number of free black individuals contained within this database compared to This list was compiled from images of the original census available through Ancestry.com. the number of free blacks on the respective census summaries, the record is considered The number of free blacks listed in Table 5 closely approximates the total number of free complete. However, because this information was retrieved from an online database, entries blacks listed in the 1820 census summary, available from the Maryland State Archives (MSA), are not necessarily in the order recorded in the censuses. The tables presented herein have Beneath the Underground website (www.mdslavery.net). Accordingly, this record is considered been organized according to district, then by household and dwelling number. The Aquasco complete or nearly complete. District (Number 8) first appears in 1850; the Surrats District (Number 9) first appears in 1860. Census of 1830 The 1830 federal census for Prince George’s County is not available, although a summary of this census is available from the MSA, Beneath the Underground website. This summary indicates that a total of 1,202 free blacks resided in Prince George’s County in 1830. Of this number, 616 were females; the remaining 586 were male.
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