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A History of Lawrence, Kansas: from the First Settlement to the Close Of ' '- icr t ^ 30> I 5l / A HISTORY LAWRENCE, KANSAS THE FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE CLOSE OF THE REBELLION BY RICHARD CORDLEY, D. D. KANSAS WHO CAME TO IN 1S57 ; PASTOR OF PLYMOUTH CONGREGATIOxXAL CHURCH AT LAWRENCE FROM 1857 TO 1875 AND 1SS4 TO PRESENT TIME AN EYE WITNESS OF THE QUANTRILL RAID Published by E. F. Caldwell lawrence, kansas 1895 LAWRENCE JOURNAL PRESS PRESERVATION COPY ADDED Copyright 1895, by E. F. CALDWELL. All rights reser-ved. CUj^ PREFACE . About three years ago, it was suggested that the writer prepare a history of Lawrence covering the period of its early settlement. Without realizing what was involved in such an undertaking, he consented. Since coming to under- stand the difficulties in the way he has often been inclined to withdraw his consent. It soon became evident that no history can ever be written which will be satisfactory to those who took part in those early struggles. It was a time of intense excitement, and those who passed through those scenes retain vivid impressions of them. Any description will seem tame compared with the graphic picture they have in mind. Then it is impossible to do justice to all the actors engaged. The movement that saved Kansas was of the people, rather than of the leaders. There were leaders, but they were leaders chiefly because they went before. They did not create the movement, nor the sentiment out of which it grew. The people moved towards Kansas of their own impulse. They did not go at the beck of any man. They followed certain men because they were going their way. If all the leaders had failed them they would have chosen others and gone on. They were moved by individual conviction and a common impulse. Men and women who have never been ' heaic. -iisplayed a spirit of self sacrifice and heroism as worthy of remembrance as anything history records of the noted names. No history can do honor to all who deserve it. um'SB&r IV PREFACE. It is becoming quite common to under-rate the heroism that saved Kansas for freedom. The cold blooded historian goes mousing among old letters and he finds that these early, heroes were men and women, of like frailties with ourselves. But the glory of heroism is not that angels come down to mingle in the affairs of men, but that common men and women, when the occasion demands, can rise to such sublime heights of heroism and self sacrifice. It becomes the people of Kansas to appreciate her own history and the men who laid the first foundations. It was the heroic age, and in the future it will take its place with Plymouth Rock and Lexington. The writer acknowledges his indebtedness to those who have written before him. It would be impossible to name all the writers who have been of service to him. The following are among the number: A. T. Andreas, History of the State of Kansas; especially his military history and county histories; Charles Robinson, The Kansas Conflict; Leverett W. Spring, Kansas; D. W. Wilder, Kansas Annals; Eli Thayer, The Kansas Crusade; J, H. Gihon, Governor Geary's Administration; United States Biographical Dictionary; J. N. Holloway, History of Kansas; W. A. Phillips, Conquest of Kansas; C. S. Gleed, Kansas Memorial; The publications of Kansas State Historical Society. The writer gladly acknowledges his special obligation to Hon. F. G. Adams of the State Historical Society who has at all times given him free access to the remarkable collection of early newspapers which are on file in the rooms of that insti- tution. Richard Cordley. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE iii CHAPTER I. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill. —The North Aroused.—The Emigrant Aid Company. —Eli Thayer, Amos A. Lawrence and Dr. Charles Rob- inson. —The First New England Emigrants Reach Mount Oread, Organize a Town Company and Lay Out the Town. — "What Shall " We Call It? — Pitching Tents and Building Cabins. —Pioneer Boarding House i CHAPTER II. Reinforcements. —-The Disgust of the Kid-gloved Contingent. —First Sabbath Services. —The First Funeral. —Town Site Troubles. — "Shoot to Hit." —First Election for Delegate to Congress. —Judge Wakefield. —The First School. ^—Three Newspapers.-—Winter in Tents and Cabins 15 CHAPTER III. Spring Election, March 30th, 1855.^—Excitement in Missouri. —An Army of Voters Invade Lawrence. —Missouri Voters Elect a Kansas Legislature. — Slavery Triumphant and Exultant. —Free-State Men~1 Despondent and Indignant. —What Shall We Do? —Dr. Robinson's — " " Policy. Bogus Legislature Repudiated :^8 w^ CHAPTER IV. The Conflict Begun. —The Dow Murder. —The Branson Rescue. —Sher- iff Jones Appeals to the Governor. —The Governor Calls Out the Militia. —Missouri Responds to the Call. —The W^ikarusa War. — The Army at Franklin. —Preparations for Defense 45 '/ CHAPTER V. Governor Shannon Alarmed. —Telegraphs the President for Regular Troops. —They Do Not Come. —The Governor Visits Lawrence. — Confers with the Free-State Men. —A of Peace.—The Treaty / Militia Go Home. —A Love Feast at Lawrence. —The Murder of Barber. —Old John Brown. (32 \^ CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. A Hard Winter.—Conflict Takes a New Form in the Spring. —The Courts Come to the Rescue. —Judge Lecompte's Charge. —The Grand Jury's Indictment. —High Treason. —The Sacking of Law- rence. —Burning of the Free-State Hotel and Printing Offices 80"^'' CHAPTER VII. The Summer of 1856. —Outrages Everywhere. —Lawrence Invested by Pro-Slavery "Forts". —The Capture of Franklin, Fort Saunders and Fort Titus. —Titus a Prisoner. —Governor Shannon Makes Another Treaty. —Governor Shannon Resigns, —Daniel Woodson Acting Governor 104 ^ CHAPTER VIII. Retaliation.—Martial Law. —Militia Called Out. —Missouri Responds. —Tweny-eight Hundred March on Lawrence. —Governor John W. Geary Arrives. —Appears in Lawrence with Troops. —The " Militia Sent Home. — The Benign Influences of Peace." 123 / CHAPTER IX. The Bogus Legislature Again. —Governor Gaary Comes into Collision with It. —He is Assailed Leaders. ^— I Bitterly by Pro-Slavery Resigns ^' in March. —Walker and Stanton. —Peace and Progress and Pros- perity. —Lawrence and her Voluntary City Government. —Martial Law Once More 138 CHAPTER X. Lecompton Constitutional Convention. —The Census and Apportion- ment. —Free-State Men Ignore It.-—Election of Territorial Legisla- ture.—Shall We Vote?—]Free-State Men Carry the Election.—Ox- c ford and the Cincinnati Directory. —Walker Throws Out the Fraudulent Returns. —Is Removed from Office 146 l/ CHAPTER XI. The Territorial Legislature Adjourns to Lawrence. —The Bogus Laws Sent Home. —The Lavrrence Charter. —A City Government at Last. —Samuel Medary Governor 154 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XII. Lawrence in 1858. —The Ebb of the Tide. —Spring Immigration whic^ Failed to Come. —The Railroad. — in Build- Underground Progress— •^ ing; In Churches. —Temperance in Lawrence. The Drouth of i860. —The Last Territorial Legislature.—Kansas Admitted into the \ Union. —A Free State 161 CHAPTER XIII. The Beginning of the Civil War. —Exposed Condition of Kansas.—Her Interest in the Conflict. —The First Enlistments.—The Battle of Wilson's Creek. —The Contrabands. —Lawrence in Close Touch with the Soldiers 175 CHAPTER XIV. The Lawrence Raid. —Its Antecedents and Causes.—William C. — — Quan- trill, Its Unique Character. Other Raids. Its Unparalleled Brutality 187 CHAPTER XV. The Lawrence Raid. —The Approach.-—The Charge and the Surprise. —The Surrender of the Hotel. —The Burning and the Killing Begin. —Four Hours of Slaughter. —Marvelous Escapes. —The Heroism of the Women 198 ;] CHAPTER XVI. The Lawrence Raid.—The Departure and Pursuit. —The Scene Left Behind. —The Burial of the Dead. —The Ruin and the Loss. — Sympathy and Help. —Rebuilding the Town 233 CHAPTER XVII. Another Summer. —Lawrence Restored. —Improvements. —The New Bridge. —Enalrgement. —New Alarm. —Price is Coming. —Prep- arations for Defense. —Martial Law. —Militia Ordered Out. —The " Battles on the Blue. —A Night of Anxiety.— Joy Cometh in the Morning."—The War is Over. —Peace at Last 253 CHAPTER I. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill. —The North Aroused. —The Emigrant Aid Company. —Eli Thayer, Amos A. Law- rence AND Dr. Charles Robinson. —The First New England Emigrants Reach Mount Oread, Organize a Town Company and Lay Out the Town. — "What Shall " We Call It ? —Pitching Tents and Building Cabins. — Pioneer Boarding House. When the Kansas-Nebraska bill passed, May 25, 1854, there was a feeling of despondency all over the north. The dis- cussion of the bill had been long and exciting, and the whole country had joined in it. It was discussed in every news- paper, in every gathering of citizens, in every school lyceum. It was everywhere felt that its passage opened Kansas to slavery, and that was thought to be equivalent to making Kansas a slave state. Kansas lay beyond Missouri, and Missouri w'as a slave state. The border counties of Missouri had a large slave population, and an intense pro-slavery sentiment. The south pressed the passage of the bill for the sole purpose of securing Kansas to slavery, and when the bill had passed she felt assured that her end was gained. In the natural order of things this conclusion would have been justified by the sequel. In the natural order of things the people of Missouri would have passed over into Kansas and shaped her institutions to suit themselves. Therefore the south was jubilant and the north despondent when the bill passed. But after the first shock was over, people began to ask ''What can be done now?" The question so long discussed had taken too strong a hold on the public mind to be dropped. Congress had thrown the territory open to slavery. Was there any other way of keeping it out ? Mr. Eli Thayer, of 1 2 A HISTORY OF LAWRENCE Worcester, Massachusetts, proposed to meet the question on the terms of the bill itself.
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