Mcwilliams 1 Bleeding Kansas
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The Civil War Differences Between the North and South Geography of The
Differences Between the North and The Civil War South Geography of the North Geography of the South • Climate – frozen winters; hot/humid summers • Climate – mild winters; long, hot, humid summers • Natural features: • Natural features: − coastline: bays and harbors – fishermen, − coastline: swamps and shipbuilding (i.e. Boston) marshes (rice & sugarcane, − inland: rocky soil – farming hard; turned fishing) to trade and crafts (timber for − inland: indigo, tobacco, & shipbuilding) corn − Towns follow rivers inland! Economy of the North Economy of the South • MORE Cities & Factories • Agriculture: Plantations and Slaves • Industrial Revolution: Introduction of the Machine − White Southerners made − products were made cheaper and faster living off the land − shift from skilled crafts people to less skilled − Cotton Kingdom – Eli laborers Whitney − Economy BOOST!!! •cotton made slavery more important •cotton spread west, so slavery increases 1 Transportation of the North Transportation of the South • National Road – better roads; inexpensive way • WATER! Southern rivers made water travel to deliver products easy and cheap (i.e. Mississippi) • Ships & Canals – river travels fast; steamboat • Southern town sprang up along waterways (i.e. Erie Canal) • Railroad – steam-powered machine (fastest transportation and travels across land ) Society of the North – industrial, urban Society of the South – life agrarian, rural life • Maine to Iowa • Black Northerners − free but not equal (i.e. segregation) • Maryland to Florida & west to Texas − worked -
History of Arapahoe County
History of Arapahoe County Arapahoe County was named for the Arapaho Indians, one of the In the late 1820s, trappers searched larger tribes of plains Indians, who along with the Cheyenne occupied this region for beavers to supply Arapahoe County east of the foothills running into what is now western the great demand for mens beaver Kansas. Arapahoe County is Colorado’s first county, since almost hats. In the late 1830s and 1840s, half of the entire area now Colorado was Arapahoe County of the the demand shifted to buffalo Kansas territory. In 1861, when Kansas was made a state, Colorado skins. In 1832, the first trading was made a territory with Arapahoe County as one of the 17 original post on the South Platte River was counties. built on Cherry Creek, which was then part of Arapahoe County. The original Arapahoe County was 30 miles wide and extended from Sheridan Boulevard, the present western boundary of Denver, Adams In 1848, gold prospectors on and Arapahoe counties to the Kansas border. This peculiar shape was their way to California stopped in due to the practice of giving counties with large amounts of plains Colorado long enough to pan its territory at least some of the foothill territory where there was water streams. They found gold on West for mining and irrigation. Even though Arapahoe County did not Dartmouth Avenue, just west of reach the foothills, the streams running from the mountains supplied Englewood where Dry Creek flows water. As settlers came in and took up lands on the eastern portions into the Platte River. -
August Bondi
1 August Bondi The Abolitionist Jew who fought to free the American Slaves By Jerry Klinger Am I not a man and a brother? “Even as a child, I decided to dedicate my life to the ideals of progress and freedom. I never deviated from this decision during the course of my long life, a life rich in stormy events. I have remained faithful to the principles that I swore to uphold during the stormy days of the 1848 revolution.” - August Bondi At the heart of all things is self-interest.-Judith Rice The bullets flew with a vicious singularity, wasps ready to sting death upon contact. August Bondi and two other Jewish friends, Jacob Benjamin and Theodor Weiner, tucked their heads down a bit deeper. They edged forward, closer to the pro-slavery enemy firing at them. The Battle of Black Jack, Kansas1 raged on, August 2, 1856. 1http://www.blackjackbattlefield.org/ 2 Bondi, Benjamin and Weiner were willing followers of their commander, who fearlessly surged twenty feet ahead of them. They would follow him to Hell if he asked them to stop the slavers. Captain John Brown2 waved them onward. Bondi was the first to jump up. The opening battle of the American Civil War, to save the Union and end the evils of slavery, was on. Years later Bondi described the scene in his autobiography. It was a strange scene on the Kansas prairie, fighting men calling to each other in Yiddish. “We walked with bent backs, nearly crawled, that the tall dead grass of the year before might somewhat hide us from the Border Ruffian marksmen, yet the bullets kept whistling.. -
Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise Sponsored by Henry Clay
Congressional Compromises and the Road to War The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun representing the representing representing West the North the South John C. Calhoun •From South Carolina •Called “Cast-Iron Man” for his stubbornness and determination. •Owned slaves •Believed states were sovereign and could nullify or reject federal laws they believed were unconstitutional. Daniel Webster •From Massachusetts •Called “The Great Orator” •Did not own slaves Henry Clay •From Kentucky •Called “The Great Compromiser” •Owned slaves •Calmed sectional conflict through balanced legislation and compromises. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay. It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave State and Maine to enter as a Free State. The southern border of Missouri would determine if a territory could allow slavery or not. • Slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans. • Balanced political power between slave states and free states. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • South Carolina, led by Senator John C. Calhoun declared a high federal tariff to be null and avoid within its borders. • John C. Calhoun and others believed in Nullification, the idea that state governments have the right to reject federal laws they see as Unconstitutional. • The state of South Carolina threatened to secede or break off from the United States if the federal government, under President Andrew Jackson, tried to enforce the tariff in South Carolina. Andrew Jackson on Nullification “The laws of the United States, its Constitution…are the supreme law of the land.” “Look, for a moment, to the consequence. -
Trouble in Kansas SECTION 2
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Trouble in Kansas SECTION 2 If YOU were there... TEKS 7C, 7D, 8B, 10A, 24A You live on a New England farm in 1855. You often think about moving West. But the last few harvests have been bad, and you What You Will Learn… can’t afford it. Now the Emigrant Aid Society offers to help you get Main Ideas to Kansas. To bring in antislavery voters like you, they’ll give you a 1. The debate over the expan- wagon, livestock, and farm machines. Still, you know that Kansas sion of slavery influenced the election of 1852. might be dangerous. 2. The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed voters to allow or Would you decide to risk settling in Kansas? prohibit slavery. 3. Pro-slavery and antislavery groups clashed violently in what became known as “Bleeding Kansas.” BUILDING BACKGROUND The argument over the extension of slavery grew stronger and more bitter. It dominated American politics The Big Idea in the mid-1800s. Laws that tried to find compromises ended by caus- The Kansas-Nebraska Act ing more violence. The bloodiest battleground of this period was in heightened tensions in the Kansas. conflict over slavery. Key Terms and People Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce, p. 483 Four leading candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination Stephen Douglas, p. 484 emerged in 1852. It became clear that none of them would win a Kansas-Nebraska Act, p. 485 Pottawatomie Massacre, p. 487 majority of votes. Frustrated delegates at the Democratic National Charles Sumner, p. -
146 Kansas History Samuel J
Proslavery Missourians vote at Kickapoo, Kansas Territory, in 1855 in this image from Albert D. Richardson’s Beyond the Mississippi. Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 35 (Autumn 2012): 146–63 146 Kansas History Samuel J. Kookogey in Bleeding Kansas: A “Fearless vindicator of the rights of the South” by Antonio Rafael de la Cova amuel J. Kookogey personified the generation of adventurous Southern bachelors who migrated west seeking land and wealth in the antebellum period. The Columbus, Georgia, native, raised on his family’s slave plantation, first sought acreage through the bounty promised in a filibuster expedition and afterward by settling in Kansas. When Kookogey was twenty-three years old, he was one of the leaders of the failed 1851 Cuba filibuster expedition mustered in Georgia under General Narciso López to invade the island and overthrow Spanish colonialism. SHe was enticed by Masonic ideology and the offer of a large plantation and cash for his services. That violation of the Neutrality Act prompted Kookogey’s arrest under a warrant authorized by President Millard Fillmore, which ended the young Georgian’s attempted paramilitary adventurism. Four years later, he joined thousands of migrants attracted to Kansas Territory by a desire for cheap and fertile land, lucrative government contracts and patronage, and the chance to help shape the destiny of slavery after the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Kookogey, a grandson of Quakers, was representative of a good number of proslavery settlers who did not partake in violence or lawlessness during the Bleeding Kansas sectional contest swirling around him. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 0MB No. 10024-0018 Oct. 1990 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties ah Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A) Com riate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable. ForTunctions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-9000a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property Historic name Black Jack Battlefield Other name/site number 2. Location U. S. Highway 56 and County Road 2000, three miles , , ., ... .. Street & number oast of Baldwin City - D not for publ,cat,on City or town Baldwin [x] vicinity State Kansas Code KS County Douglas Code 045 Zip code 66006 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this IE1 nomination D request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property CED meets D does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant D nationally D statewide £<] locally. (D See continuation sheet for additional comments.) March 1,2004 Signature of certifying official/Title Date Kansas State Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau ___ ________ In my opinion, the property D meets Q does not meet the National Register criteria. -
Antislavery Violence and Secession, October 1859
ANTISLAVERY VIOLENCE AND SECESSION, OCTOBER 1859 – APRIL 1861 by DAVID JONATHAN WHITE GEORGE C. RABLE, COMMITTEE CHAIR LAWRENCE F. KOHL KARI FREDERICKSON HAROLD SELESKY DIANNE BRAGG A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2017 Copyright David Jonathan White 2017 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the collapse of southern Unionism between October 1859 and April 1861. This study argues that a series of events of violent antislavery and southern perceptions of northern support for them caused white southerners to rethink the value of the Union and their place in it. John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and northern expressions of personal support for Brown brought the Union into question in white southern eyes. White southerners were shocked when Republican governors in northern states acted to protect members of John Brown’s organization from prosecution in Virginia. Southern states invested large sums of money in their militia forces, and explored laws to control potentially dangerous populations such as northern travelling salesmen, whites “tampering” with slaves, and free African-Americans. Many Republicans endorsed a book by Hinton Rowan Helper which southerners believed encouraged antislavery violence and a Senate committee investigated whether an antislavery conspiracy had existed before Harpers Ferry. In the summer of 1860, a series of unexplained fires in Texas exacerbated white southern fear. As the presidential election approached in 1860, white southerners hoped for northern voters to repudiate the Republicans. When northern voters did not, white southerners generally rejected the Union. -
The Kansas–Nebraska
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 — http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=661 The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Student Name ___________________________________________________ Date ________________ Sequential Entering of States and Territories from 1820 to 1854 Free or Slave Year Free Slave (by Popular Sovereignty) 1820 Maine 1821 Missouri 1836 Arkansas 1837 Michigan 1845 Texas Florida 1846 Iowa 1848 Wisconsin Oregon Territory 1849 Minnesota Territory 1850 California Utah Territory New Mexico Territory 1853 Washington Territory 1854 Kansas Territory Nebraska Territory 1. Permission is granted to educators to reproduce this worksheet for classroom use The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 — http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=661 The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Student Name ___________________________________________________ Date ________________ Mapping the Controversy in 1854, Part I Using the interactive map (http://development.vbcomm.net/15332_NEH/#) answer the following questions: Question Answer Did free states and territories or slaveholding states have the most land area in 1854? (This can be calculated by adding together the square miles of all of the free states and territories, and then doing the same for the slave states. Compare the two numbers.) Which was more densely populated, the free states or the slave states? Where was the higher population of black people to be found? In what three southern states did the black population outnumber the white population? (In 1820 two southern states had a higher population of black people. Compare the 1820 map to the 1854 map to find out which southern state had experienced this rise in black population.) By 1854, how many states were free? How many states were slave states? 2. -
Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: the Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure
Saint Louis University Public Law Review Volume 32 Number 1 Control of Police Misconduct in a Post-Exclusionary Rule World: Can It Be Done? Article 7 (Volume XXXII, No. 1) 2012 Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: The Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure Samuel Walker University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/plr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Samuel (2012) "Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: The Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure," Saint Louis University Public Law Review: Vol. 32 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/plr/vol32/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Saint Louis University Public Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact Susie Lee. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW INSTITUTIONALIZING POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY REFORMS: THE PROBLEM OF MAKING POLICE REFORMS ENDURE SAMUEL WALKER* INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM OF SUSTAINING POLICE REFORMS The history of police reform in America, in the sense of modern day notions of police professionalization, is more than a century old.1 Over that time period there have been successive waves of reform movements, with a changing set of objectives and programs.2 Much has been accomplished to improve policing over this long period.3 Whether the benchmark is one- hundred years, fifty years or only twenty years ago, it is possible to see significant reforms in police management, crime fighting tactics, police personnel standards and training, the diversity of the work force, constitutional standards for policing, and the accountability of officers for their actions in critical situations. -
John Brown Visual Thinking Strategy Activity Worksheet 1 – “John Brown: Friend Or Foe”
tragic prelude Pre and Post Visit Packet 7th & 8th grade students Tragic Prelude pre AND POST VISIT Packet Table of Contents Section 1 – Pre-Visit Materials Section 2 – Post-Visit Materials Supplemental Math and Science Programs can be found on the Mahaffie website (Mahaffie.org). – “How Does the Cannon Work” – “Trajectory” Page 2 Tragic Prelude pre VISIT Packet Section 1 – Pre-Visit Materials Page 3 Tragic Prelude Pre-Visit Lesson Plan OBJECTIVES 1. The student will analyze how the issues of slavery and popular sovereignty fostered a bloody feud between the states of Kansas and Missouri. 2. The student will analyze the specific events that occurred during “Bleeding Kansas” and put those events into context with the U.S. Civil War. 3. The student will identify key figures during the Kansas/Missouri Border Wars. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What led to the disputes between Kansas and Missouri? 2. How was the issue of slavery decided in Kansas? STANDARDS Kansas Social Studies Benchmark 1.3 - The student will investigate examples of causes and consequences of particular choices and connect those choices with contemporary issues. Benchmark 2.2 - The student will analyze the context under which significant rights and responsibilities are defined and demonstrated, their various interpretations, and draw conclusions about those interpretations. Benchmark 4.2 - The student will analyze the context of continuity and change and the vehicles of reform, drawing conclusions about past change and potential future change. Common Core CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. -
The Arch of Titus Lineage of Henry Theodore Titus
W r WitU5 wruil TRACING THE TlTUSES THROUGH TIME HENRY THEODORE TITUS: Famous or Infamous THE ARCH OF TITUS LINEAGE OF HENRY THEODORE TITUS PATERNAL MATERNAL TITUS, Silas NEWDYCKE, June (Constancia) TITUS, Robert CARTER, Anne (Hannah) TITUS, Content MOORE, Elizabeth TITUS, John JOHNSON?, Rebecca TITUS, Andrew BURROWES, Hannah TITUS, John, Jr. MERSHON, Sarah TITUS, Theodore HOWELL, Catherine F. TITUS, Henry Theodore HOPKINS, Mary Eve11na ISSUE Edward Hopkins Catherine Howell Mary Evelina Howell Henry Theodore Jr. Ellett Livingston Theodore II Pierre Soule Theodosia???? HENRY THEODORE TITUS FAMOUS OR INFAMOUS(C) COMPILED BY HARRY TITUS HENRY THEODORE TITUS In his Magyar hat, a plume a la Kossutk PHOTO: Kansas State Historical Society THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all were blind), That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. John Godfrey Saxe (1816 - 1887) FOREWORD Throughout history, many men and women have burst forth on the scene, making themselves famous or infamous at some pOint by their actions. Unfortunately, for most, they and/or their activities were lost in the antiquity of time. That is not the case with Henry Theodore Titus. Despite the elapsed time of over 100 years since his death, he is still a subject of much discussion. However, much of what is being or has been written about him is merely a rehash of what someone else had already rehashed. Henry Theodore Titus comes from a long line ot movers and shakers, dating back several generations prior to the first known Titus to America.