T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S

Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, ,

Archaeological Evaluation

by David Sanchez

Site Code: WSS17/53 (SOU1748)

(SU 4458 1098)

Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire

An Archaeological Evaluation

for Hampshire Homes Group

by David Sanchez

Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd

Site Code WSS 17/53 (SOU 1748)

August 2017 Summary

Site name: Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire

Grid reference: SU 4458 1098

Site activity: Archaeological Evaluation

Date and duration of project: 30th June - 11th July 2017

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site supervisor: David Sanchez

Site code: WSS 17/53 (SOU 1748)

Summary of results: Ten trenches were dug on the site of the former Woolston School showing that the potential archaeological level had been truncated by previous developments of the site for most of its extent. In less disturbed areas. no deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no artefacts were recovered. The site is therefore considered to have low archaeological potential.

Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited at Southampton City Museum in due course.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp.

Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 09.08.17 Steve Preston 09.08.17

i

Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR

Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website: www.tvas.co.uk Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire An Archaeological Evaluation

by David Sanchez

Report 17/53b

Introduction

This report documents the results of an archaeological field evaluation carried out at the former Woolston

School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire (SU 4458 1098) (Fig. 1). The work was commissioned by

Mr Russell Kent of Hampshire Homes Group, 8 Chatmohr Estate, Crawley Hill, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51

6AP.

Planning permission (16/01605/FUL) has been granted by Southampton City Council for the demolition of the existing school to be replaced with residential buildings and associated car parking and open space. The consent is subject to conditions (29 to 33) relating to archaeology. This is in accordance with the Department for

Communities and Local Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012), and the City’s policies on archaeology. As a requirement of the planning consent, and as consequence of the possibility of archaeological deposits on the site which may be damaged or destroyed by groundworks a field evaluation was required, based on the results of which, further mitigation might be required.

The field investigation was carried out to a specification approved by Ms Ingrid Peckham, Historic

Environment Record Officer of Southampton City Council. The fieldwork was undertaken by David Sanchez,

Danielle Milbank and Benedikt Tebbit in two phases between 30th June and 11th July 2017 and the site code is

SOU 1748. The TVAS project code is WSS 17/53. The archive is presently held at Thames Valley

Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited at Southampton City Museum in due course.

Location, topography and geology

The site is located at the junction of Station Road with Porchester Road and Portsmouth Road (A3025) in the

Woolston area of Southampton (Fig. 1). It is bounded by the three roads with houses fronting onto Portsmouth and Porchester Roads forming the western boundary (Fig. 2). To the north of Porchester Road is located the railway line with Sholing Station located immediately to the east of the site. The local topography of the area of the site is fairly flat lying at approximately 26m above Ordnance Datum and the underlying geology has been mapped as Plateau Gravel (BGS 1973). More recent editions (BGS online map viewer) suggest the bedrock

1 geology is Earnley Sand Formation - Sand, Silt and Clay with overlying superficial deposits of River Terrace

(sand and gravel). The geology observed on site during the evaluation consisted of clay and gravel deposits.

Archaeological background

A previous watching brief on an extension to the school along Station Road (SOU 1097) revealed pits, ditches and post holes, mainly of Medieval date and residual finds consisting of a prehistoric flint tool and two sherds of

Roman pottery. A dark soil layer covered the site. At the western end of the site was found the remains of a probable WWII air raid shelter (Smith 2001).

Building recording undertaken at a previous stage of the current archaeological investigation (Elliott 2017) showed that much of the original building, dating from around 1920, was intact. However plans from the 1940s show a number of repairs and alterations to the school, possibly a result of bomb damage. Minor changes were shown in the plans from the 1960s and further minor changes have occurred in the intervening years.

More generally, the site lies within a landscape of a number of prehistoric, Bronze Age, Roman, Saxon and medieval finds, with more extensive post-medieval monuments recorded in the city council’s historic environment record (HER), as summarized below.

Natural Natural features consisting of a former stream and possibly other old watercourses or periglacial disturbances have been found to the east and north of the site at 51a Victoria Road (SOU 1279, MSH 2435) and 269a Spring

Road (MSH 2751, SOU 1243). Natural deposits including peat and a possible early riverbed or beach were identified in boreholes for the (MSH 1442).

Prehistoric A number of prehistoric finds, mainly consisting of flint have been found within the vicinity of the site: a

Palaeolithic flint flake near Woolston Station (MSH 284); a Neolithic polished flint axe (MSH 386) and a

Palaeolithic handaxe (MSH 387) near Sholing Station; a lower Palaeolithic handaxe from Butts Road (MSH

423); and two Palaeolithic handaxes from Spring Road (MSH 507, MSH 508). A further eight Palaeolithic handaxes, three flint flakes (MSH 531) and three Mesolithic flint blades and a core (MSH 532) are only provenanced to the Woolston area in general. Along Weston Shore a soil layer containing burnt and worked flints as well as a sherd of Bronze Age pottery has been interpreted as a prehistoric land surface (SOU 834, SOU

1371, MSH 1006).

Bronze Age Only a few entries of Bronze Age date are present on the HER, these consist of a rapier found during dredging at

2 Shamrock Quay (MSH 288) and to the north-west of the site, on Poole Road, a hoard of 41 bronze palstaves was found in 1898 (MSH 388).

Roman Roman finds are generally residual within the more immediate vicinity of the proposal site such as that found at

Tickleford Drive to the south-east, suggesting a possible Roman settlement (SOU 471, MSH 1864), a coin of

Antonius Pius (MSH 3600) to the south-west and tile fragments at 350 Portsmouth Road (MSH 407) to the east.

The route of the Roman road between Clausentum ( Manor) and Noviomagus () (MSH 550) is located to the north of the site.

Saxon Saxon archaeology is mainly lacking but there is documentary evidence. Woolston is mentioned in Domesday

Book as Olvestune (MSH 2958) and the village of Weston is mentioned in an Anglo-Saxon charter, however it is not specifically mentioned in Domesday Book (MSH 1647). Sea Road, to the west of the site appears to mark the boundary of the pre-Conquest estate at South Stoneham, however no ditches were found to the south of the road during an evaluation (SOU 1416, MSH 5609). A small pit containing 10th-11th century pottery was found to the east of the site at 350 Portsmouth Road (MSH 407).

Medieval The former village of Itchen or the Itchen ferry may have been mentioned in a document dated to 1372 and the ferry crossing is mentioned in a grant dated 1441. The village is shown on a map dating to c.1560 (MSH 2958).

Weston aqueduct may have supplied water to Netley Abbey (MSH 3427). Netley Abbey is a late medieval

Cistercian monastery founded in 1239. The aqueduct and catchment area are Scheduled.

Post Medieval The majority of the entries within the HER for the environs of the site relate to the post medieval period, mainly relating to buildings, however a number also relate to below ground remains.

Within Mayfield Park, to the south of the site, Weston Mill was built around 1762 and subsequently replaced by Oldmill House in the 19th century (SOU 645, MSH 1846). Also within Mayfield Park, was the former carriageway/approach road to Weston Grove House, built in 1801 (SOU 547, SOU 645, SOU 795, MSH

1850), a George III silver sixpence was found near the carriageway (MSH 406).

In the Weston area are recorded the remains of a possible cart track and/or breakwaters at Weston Shore dating to the mid 19th century (SOU 834, SOU 1371, MSH 1005). A gravel pit visible on early Ordnance Survey maps is located at Weston Point (MSH 5190) as well as remains of a stone sea wall containing medieval masonry and floor tiles; maps suggest the associated road was built in the 1840s (SOU 1371, MSH 4953). At the former Sun Inn a thick soil layer, a posthole and linear feature area all likely to date to the post-medieval or early

3 modern period (SOU 1438, MSH 2894).

To the west of the site are possible estuarine/beach deposits as well as reclamation deposits observed in

Wharf Road (SOU 647. MSH 1630). The 1881 map however suggests that the area may have been quarried.

Work at the former Vosper Thornycroft site found the 19th-century foreshore, gravel quarry, a buried soil and land reclamation deposits (SOU 1275, MSH 2574). A pit containing butchers’ refuse was found at 20 Victoria

Road; documentary evidence shows that a butcher’s shop was present at this location from at least 1898 (SOU

736, MSH 1633). A 19th-century lime slaking pit and footings and layers associated with 19th-century housing were found at Inkerman Road (SOU 605, MSH 1632).

Within the Peartree area, to the north of the site found post-medieval / modern drainage visible from aerial photographs on (MSH 5186) and features and layers of the post-medieval and early modern periods at Peartree House (SOU 1687, MSH 5679).

To the southwest at Tickleford Drive was found a pre-19th century field system (SOU 471, MSH 1864)

Modern Modern features consist mainly of bomb craters and air raid shelters from the Second World War at numerous locations, including bomb craters: SOU 605, MSH 1632; MSH 5110; MSH 5111; MSH 5112; and air-raid shelters SOU 1189, MSH 2729. Other modern features are related to buildings such as that at Westcliff Mews,

Portsmouth Road, where a watching brief found 19th- and 20th-century deposits associated with the former East

Cliff and West Cliff houses (SOU 527, MSH 3697, MSH 3698) and deposits and structures associated with 19th- and 20th-century buildings was found at Hill Street (SOU 1416, MSH 5610). The area either side of Weston

Lane was raised by landfill in the second half of the 20th century (SOU 1221, SOU 1371, MSH 4952).

Unknown Date A few features of unknown date have also been found, including drains: MSH 385; layers and a posthole (SOU

495, MSH 1851; linear features and pits (SOU 560-561, MSH 1870); a large undated feature and a buried soil horizon of possibly medieval or post medieval date (SOU 951, MSH 2083); undated ditches and a 19th- or 20th- century posthole (SOU 1591, MSH 4893); and four undated layers were seen in gas trenches along Sea Road and

Hazel Road, one of which may have been a former road surface. 19th century layers and brick walls were also found (SOU 1223, MSH 2354).

Objectives and methodology

The general purpose of the evaluation was to determine the presence/absence, extent, condition, character, quality and date of any archaeological or paleonvironmental deposits within the area of development. Additional

4 aims were to identify and record the nature, dimensions and relationship of natural deposits on the site, and assess the potential of geological deposits to contain or conceal archaeological remains, whether prehistoric or later.

The specific research aims of this project were:

to determine if archaeologically relevant levels had survived on this part of the site;

to determine if archaeological deposits of any period were present;

to provide evidence so that the scale of the threat from redevelopment could be gauged; and

to provide data to draw up a mitigation strategy if necessary.

Twelve trenches were proposed to be dug, each 15m long and 1.6m wide. These trenches were to be targeted predominantly at the footprints of the proposed new buildings. The trenches were to be dug using a machine fitted with a toothless ditching bucket under constant archaeological supervision and all spoilheaps were to be monitored for finds. Where archaeological features were certainly or probably present, the stripped areas were to be cleaned using appropriate hand tools. Sufficient of the archaeological features and deposits exposed were to be excavated or sampled by hand to satisfy the aims of the project without compromising the integrity of deposits that might be better investigated under conditions pertaining to full excavation.

Results

Ten trenches were eventually dug on this site during the field evaluation. After consultation with the Historic

Environment Record Officer of Southampton City Council and as a consequence of some areas of the site where the new buildings were already under construction at the date of the field evaluation, these trenches were located as close as possible of the proposed location (Fig. 3). It was not possible to dig two of the proposed trenches (3 and 5). The trenches dug ranged in length from 6.20m to 16.20m and in depth from 0.76m to 1.50m. Trenches 1–

9 were 1.8m wide and Trenches 10–12, 1.6m wide. A complete list of trenches giving lengths, breadths, depths and a description of sections and geology is given in Appendix 1.

Trench 1 (Figs 3 and 4; Pl. 1) Trench 1 was aligned SW - NE and was 15.80m long and 1.30m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of two deposits of made ground composed of 0.50m of mid brownish grey sandy gravel with frequent construction debris and

0.20m of a mixture of mid brownish grey sandy gravel and redeposited natural gravel overlying natural geology.

The natural geology was reached at 0.70m depth only in the SW end of the trench, being truncated at 3m from the SW end by previous development of the site and not uncovered until a depth of 1.30m from that point

5 northwards. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were present and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 2 (Fig. 3) Trench 2 was aligned SW - NE and was 14.70m long and 1.45m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of a made ground composed by two different deposits of 0.70m of light grey sand with light red patches and frequent stones and concrete fragments and 0.75m of dark grey/black silty clay with frequent construction debris overlying natural geology. The natural geology was uncovered only at the SW end of the trench as most of its length was truncated by previous development of the site. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 4 (Fig. 3) Trench 4 was aligned SSW - NNE and was 13.60m long and 1.10m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of one single deposit of 1.50m of made ground composed of a mixture of redeposit light yellowish brown natural clay and light brownish grey gravel with frequent demolition debris overlying natural geology. This deposit proved to be very fragile and the ground surrounding the trench very unstable, possible consequence of the demolition works undertaken on site. As a consequence of this the trench was dug to a depth of 1.00m with one test pit at the NNE end, uncovering the natural geology at 1.50m deep. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 6 (Fig. 3; Pl. 2) Trench 6 was aligned SW - NE and was 15.80m long and 1.50m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.76m of made ground composed of a mixture of mid brownish grey gravel and silt and demolition debris, overlying natural geology. This made ground has been truncated in the SW half of the trench by at least 3 modern pits, cutting both made ground and natural geology with a depth of 1.50m. At the NE end of the trench the made ground covered one modern linear truncation filled with dark grey and brown gravel with frequent construction debris and one modern service trench filled with construction gravel. The natural geology contained mottled patches of light grey towards the southwest end of the trench. This was found to be a variation within the natural geology. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

6 Trench 7 (Fig. 3; Pl. 3) Trench 7 was aligned WNW - ESE and was 15.00m long and 0.82m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.76m of a made ground composed by several dumps of mid greyish brown gravel on silty matrix mixed with redeposited natural gravel and frequent construction debris overlying natural geology. At 5m from the WNW end of the trench and extending until the ESE end, a modern truncation was uncovered below this made ground, filled with brown and light yellowish brown sandy gravel with frequent construction debris. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 8 (Fig. 3) Trench 8 was aligned WSW - ENE and was 14.50m long and between 0.60m and 0.95m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.10m of demolition rubble and gravel and between 0.40m and 0.85m of dark brown sand and gravel made ground with occasional brick fragments overlying natural geology. One concrete foundation from previous building aligned NW - SE was uncovered with part of a brick foundation aligned NE - SW attached to its NE side. This most likely corresponds to one of the small buildings that is present on the 1933 Ordnance

Survey map, identified in the original plans as the girls toilets. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 9 (Figs 3 and 4; Pl. 4) Trench 9 was aligned WNW - ESE and was 16.20m long and 1.10m deep. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.10m of demolition rubble and gravel, 0.35m of light brown sand and gravel made ground with frequent construction debris and 0.45m of mid brown clay silt with occasional gravels buried soil overlying natural geology. A modern truncation was uncovered below the made ground at the WNW end of the trench filled with a mixture of clay, gravel and construction debris. The natural geology was mottled with patches of pale grey, sandy clay. These were found to be variations within the natural. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 10 (Fig. 3) Trench 10 was aligned WNW - ESE and was 6.20m long and 0.90m deep. The area where the trench was located had been previously stripped to a maximum depth of 0.60m. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.30m of mid brown silt and gravel subsoil overlying natural geology. One modern service trench for a metal pipe (0.50m wide with a

0.05m diameter metal pipe), was uncovered in the full extent of the trench and continuing into trenches 11 and

7 12. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 11 (Fig. 3) Trench 11 was aligned WNW - ESE and was 10.90m long and 0.79m deep. The area where the trench was located had been previously stripped to a maximum depth of 0.45m. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.34m of mid brown silt and gravel subsoil overlying natural geology. At the WNW end of the trench 0.15m of remaining topsoil were observed above the subsoil. The service trench for the metal pipe (see trench 10) was uncovered along the full length of the trench and a sewer trench was observed aligned NW - SE with a sewer hole covered by the subsoil at the S edge of the trench. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Trench 12 (Fig. 3) Trench 12 was aligned WNW - ESE and was 6.50m long and 0.76m deep. The area where the trench was located had been previously stripped to a maximum depth of 0.40m. The stratigraphy consisted of 0.21m of very rooted topsoil and 0.16 of mid brown silt and gravel subsoil overlying natural geology. The pipe trench from trenches

10 and 11, was uncovered the full length of the trench. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were uncovered and no finds were recovered from this trench.

Finds

No finds of archaeological interest were recovered from any of the trenches investigated during the field evaluation.

Conclusion

Ten trenches were dug on the site of the former Woolston School showing that the potential archaeological level had been truncated by previous developments of the site in most of its extent. In those trenches where the natural geology was uncovered undisturbed by modern developments no features or deposits of archaeological interest were revealed and no finds were recovered. The site is therefore considered to have no archaeological potential.

References

BGS, 1973, British Geological Survey, 1:50,000, Sheet 315, Drift Edition, Keyworth Elliott, G, 2017, Former Woolston Scool, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire. Thames Valley Archaeological Services, unpubl rep 17/53, Reading.

8 NPPF 2012, National Planning Policy Framework, Dept Communities and Local Government, London Southampton City Council, 2016, ‘Standards for the Creation, Completion and Transfer of Archaeological Archives’, Southampton SCC HET, 2017, Brief for an Archaeological Investigation, Evaluation, Oasis Annexe Mayfield (Ks4), Porchester Road, Southampton, Southampton Smith, M P, 2001, ‘Report on the Archaeological Watching Brief on an extension to Woolston School, Porchester Road, Woolston, Southampton, SOU 1097’, Southampton City Council Archaeological Unit unpubl rep, Southampton

9 APPENDIX 1: Trench details

0m at SW, SSW, WNW end

Trench Length (m) Breadth (m) Depth (m) Comment 1 15.80 1.80 0.70/1.30 0–0.50m mid brownish grey sandy gravel with construction debris (made ground), 0.50-0.70m mixture of redeposit natural gravel and mid brownish grey sandy gravel (made ground), 0.70m+ light yellowish brown sandy gravel natural geology [Pl 1]. 2 14.70 1.80 1.45 0-0.70m light grey sand with light red patches and frequent stones and concrete fragments (made ground), 0.70-1.45m dark grey/black silty clay with frequent construction debris (made ground), 1.45m+ light yellowish brown clay and gravel natural geology. 3 - - - Not excavated 4 13.60 1.80 1.10 0-1.50m mixture of light brownish grey gravel and light yellowish brown clay (redeposit natural clay), 1.50m+ light yellowish brown clay natural geology. 5 - - - Not excavated 6 15.80 1.80 0.80/1.50 0-0.80m mixture of mid brownish grey gravel and silt with construction debris (made ground), 0.80m+ light yellowish brown sandy gravel natural geology [PL 2]. 7 15.00 1.80 0.82 0-0.76m mid greyish brown gravel on silty matrix and redeposit natural gravel with construction debris (made ground), 0.76m+ light yellowish brown sandy gravel natural geology [Pl 3]. 8 14.50 1.80 0.60/0.95 0-0.10m demolition rubble and gravel, 0.10-0.50m mid greyish brown gravel with occasional brick fragments (made ground), 0.50m+ light orange brown sand and gravel natural geology. 9 16.20 1.80 1.10 0-0.10m demolition rubble and gravel, 0.10-0.45m light brown sand and gravel made ground with construction debris, 0.45-0.90m mid brown clay silt buried soil, 0.90m+ light yellowish brown clay natural geology [Pl 4]. 10 6.20 1.60 0.90 Area already stripped to a maximum depth of 0.60m, 0.60-0.90m mid brown silt and gravel subsoil, 0.90m+ light orange brown gravel natural geology. 11 10.90 1.60 0.79 Area already stripped to a maximum depth of 0.45m, 0.45-0.79m mid brown silt and gravel subsoil, 0.79m+ light orange brown gravel natural geology. 12 6.50 1.60 0.76 Area already stripped to a maximum depth of 0.40m, 0.40-0.61m remaining topsoil, 0.61-0.76m mid brown silt and gravel subsoil, 0.76m+ light orange brown gravel natural geology.

10 Basingstoke Farnborough Andover

12000

Winchester SOUTHAMPTON SITE

New Forest Ringwood PORTSMOUTH Gosport

SITE

11000

10000

SOU 1748 SU 44000 45000 (17/53b) Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation Figure 1. Location of site within Woolston, Southampton and Hampshire. Reproduced under licence from Ordnance Survey Explorer Digital mapping at 1:12500 Crown Copyright reserved 11100

11000

SITE

SU44500 44600

SOU 1748 (17/53b) N Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation Figure 2. Detailed location of site, showing school prior to demolition. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Digital Mapping under licence. Crown copyright reserved. Scale 1:1250 PO RC HE ST ER 10 RO AD

und 11 er c ons truc tion 12

169

8 11000 9

under construction 7 4 113 2 SOU 1097

AD RO 6 ION AT ST 1 14

demolished 12

4 2

151

26.2m

PORTS 100 MOUTH ROAD

112

114

The Hawthorns Ida Court 10900

D A O R

'S E N N A T S

81 27.4m

SU44500 44600

SOU 1748 (17/53b)

N Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation

Figure 3. Location of trenches.

0 50m Trench 1

SW NE

Made ground (Brownish grey sandy gravel)

25.87maOD

Made ground and redepsosited natural geology

Trench 9

W E

Demolition layer

Made ground (Light brown sand and gravel with frequent brick fragments)

Brown clay silt with occasional gravel inclusions 25.34m

Natural geology (gravel)

SOU 1748 (17/53b) Former Woolston School, Pochester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation

Figure 4. Representative sections.

0 1m Plate 1. Trench 1, looking north east, Scales: horizontal 2m and 1m, vertical 0.5m.

Plate 2. Trench 6, looking south west, SOU 1748 Scales: horizontal 2m and 1m, vertical 0.5m. (17/53b) Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation Plates 1 and 2. Plate 3. Trench 7, looking east, Scales: horizontal 2m and 1m, vertical 0.5m.

Plate 4. Trench 9, looking east, SOU 1748 Scales: horizontal 2m and 1m, vertical 0.5m. (17/53b) Former Woolston School, Porchester Road, Southampton, Hampshire, 2017 Archaeological Evaluation Plates 3 and 4. TIME CHART

Calendar Years

Modern AD 1901

Victorian AD 1837

Post Medieval AD 1500

Medieval AD 1066

Saxon AD 410

Roman AD 43 AD 0 BC Iron Age 750 BC

Bronze Age: Late 1300 BC

Bronze Age: Middle 1700 BC

Bronze Age: Early 2100 BC

Neolithic: Late 3300 BC

Neolithic: Early 4300 BC

Mesolithic: Late 6000 BC

Mesolithic: Early 10000 BC

Palaeolithic: Upper 30000 BC

Palaeolithic: Middle 70000 BC

Palaeolithic: Lower 2,000,000 BC Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47-49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR

Tel: 0118 9260552 Email: [email protected] Web: www.tvas.co.uk

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