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Leonurus Sibiricus L. (Honeyweed): a Review of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

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Leonurus Sibiricus L. (Honeyweed): a Review of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 1076 Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016; 6(12): 1076–1080 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Review article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.10.003 Leonurus sibiricus L. (honeyweed): A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology Md. Abu Sayed1,2*, Md. Ashraful Alam3, Md. Shariful Islam4, Md. Taif Ali5, Md. Emdad Ullah5, Abu Zaffar Shibly4, Md. Aslam Ali6, Md. Mahdi Hasan-Olive7 1The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh 3Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan 4Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh 6Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 7Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Leonurus sibiricus is a herbaceous plant found in many countries in Asia and America. Received 6 Jul 2016 This plant is widely practiced as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes, menstrual ir- Received in revised form 16 Aug regularities, and bronchitis. The approval of therapeutic implications of any drugs de- 2016 pends on the well characterized mode of actions of the compounds. The bioactive Accepted20Sep2016 compounds like diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids in Leonurus Available online 15 Oct 2016 sibiricus show analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic and anti- hemorrhagic, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and allelopathic potency. Interestingly, the expression level of some genes is altered by the crude extract treatments, which are Keywords: effective against cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases where the molecular Allelopathy mechanisms are yet to be explored. Intriguingly, the extracts significantly induce nitric Antidiabetic oxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a signaling molecule of vasodi- Antioxidant lation in combination with interferon-g indicating positive effect on atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease Further investigations are required to unlock the effects of bioactive compounds found in Leonurus sibiricus extracts at clinical settings. 1. Introduction honeyweed or Siberian motherwort in English. It is called Rokdrone in Bengali, Guma in Hindi, Kacangma in Malay, Leonurus sibiricus (L. sibiricus) is a ubiquitous herbaceous Erva-de-Macae´ in Brazil, Marihuanilla in Mexico and marijuana plant grown in crop fields in many countries in Asia and South in Spanish. This plant has been used as herbal medicine and America [1–5]. This plant belongs to the family of Lamiaceae. It is culinary ingredients [7]. L. sibiricus acts as an effective therapeutic an annual, biannual or perennial, aromatic, herbaceous plant. The against diabetes, menstrual irregularities, and bronchitis. Studies average height is 40–120 cm and it germinates from seed. show that it has medicinal effects on endometritis, myocardial Lamiaceae family consists of about 236 genera and 6900–7200 cells and diabetes [8,9]. This plant has widely been using as a species. Among all the genera, Leonurus contains about 20 source of effluvium to the bees during the process of honey species [6] and L. sibiricus is one of them, which is called collection in Bangladesh. Based on preliminary information, we summarize the dynamic therapeutic potentials of L. sibiricus encouraging scientists to explore the underlying molecular *Corresponding author: Md. Abu Sayed, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan. mechanisms and state of the art of mode of actions against Tel: +880 1715326270 diseases. Due to limited studies, little is known about L. sibiricus E-mail: [email protected] specially the use as therapeutics. We found only one recently Peer review under responsibility of Hainan Medical University. The journal partially reviewed article on L. sibiricus [10]. To our best implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. knowledge, this will be the first review paper exclusively on 2221-1691/Copyright © 2016 Hainan Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Md. Abu Sayed et al./Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016; 6(12): 1076–1080 1077 L. sibiricus, focusing on potential pharmacology and 6. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti- phytochemistry of L. sibiricus. atherogenic and anti-hemorrhagic activity 2. Retrieval of published literatures Methanol extracts of L. sibiricus show a significant anal- gesic effect on mice (dose: 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight). The authors searched and downloaded the published papers The anti-inflammatory activity is also demonstrated in rats at related to L. sibiricus from 1982 to 2016 from the different the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight [31].Anti- databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer. inflammatory effect of L. sibiricus is reported in secretion of The articles in which at least abstract is not in English were not inflammatory cytokine like tumor necrosis factor-a and considered for this study. We extracted and gathered the infor- interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in human mast cell line HMC-1 mation which is related to its phytochemistry and pharmacology [32]. The aqueous extracts of L. sibiricus show more efficient under the different subheadings. All identified chemical com- antioxidant activity than ethanol extracts in three different pounds were enlisted in tabular form. During the searching of bioassay systems [33]. The extracts of L. sibiricus show not published articles, we did not find any review papers of only the antioxidant activity, but also reduce the intracellular L. sibiricus. So far, we know that this will be the first review reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Chinese hamster ovary paper of L. sibiricus. cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Methanol extract (80% v/v) increases the expression of intracellular antioxidants like 3. Identification of bioactive compounds superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry A number of studies show that L. sibiricus contains many and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses reveal fl different pharmacologically important chemical compounds that the phenolic compounds and avonoids modulate the anti- (Table 1). oxidant genes (Figure 1) and repair the oxidative DNA damage [19]. The aerial part of L. sibiricus is found to be used for the 4. Cytotoxic activity treatment of menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, malaria, hypertension and myocardial ischemia [18]. L. sibiricus has also clinical implications to reduce the postpartum hemorrhage A number of studies show the beneficiary effects of [34]. In connection with current reports, literature shows the L. sibiricus as a treatment for cancers [20,21] and cardiovascular effects of L. sibiricus extract for reducing the uterine disease [22]. Compounds like LS-1, LS-2, leonotinin, leonotin, bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice [35]. Stachydrine dubiin and nepetaefuran isolated from L. sibiricus show a hydrochloride is one of the constituents of L. sibiricus which considerable cytotoxic effect against leukemia cells in vitro [13]. has a function to reduce the uterine bleeding in RU486- Interestingly, dry leaves of L. sibiricus at low dose (0.5 g/kg induced abortion mice by regulating Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg body weight) in rats and rabbits did not show any toxic effects paradigm [36]. Stachydrine hydrochloride upregulates the while high doses (5.0 and 25 g/kg body weight) showed mRNA expression of T-bet and RORgt while inhibiting the harmful effects [23,24]. Furthermore, different extraction mRNA expression of GATA-3 and Foxp3 (Figure 1)shows methods of leaves and roots show cytotoxic effects on brine the effects on lowering the uterine bleeding in RU486-induced shrimp [25,26]. These results reveal the potential use of both leaf mice [36]. The isolated leonurine from the methanol extract of and root extracts of L. sibiricus as wormicide for human. Study L. sibiricus shows anti-platelet activity in rabbit [37]. shows that labdane type compounds are mainly responsible for Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death the cytotoxicity [27]. A preliminary report shows that in the world. Cholesterol, triglyceride and low density transformed root extract of L. sibiricus induces the apoptosis in lipoprotein (LDL) are generally considered as the risk factors glioma cells by upregulating Bax/Bcl-2–p53 signaling axis [28]. for cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized-LDL is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis which may promote ROS production. 5. Antimicrobial activity Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1, the receptor of LDL, functions to promote the vascular dysfunction connecting to Different chemical extracts of L. sibiricus show potential endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) production in the antimicrobial activity. Methanol extract inhibits the growth of vessel tissues of human and animals. The suppression
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