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A New Perisama (Nymphalidae: Callicorini) from Bolivia

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A New Perisama (Nymphalidae: Callicorini) from Bolivia 10 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY The specimen might have been sent by Walsingham to Rebel from London to Vienna, because Rebel was dealing also with the former collective genus "Lita auct.," to which this species belonged. LITERATURE CITED KEIFER, H. H., 1936. California Microlepidoptera. X. Mo. Bull. Calif. Dept. Agric.,25: 349-359. POVOLNY, D., 1967. Genitalia of wmc Nearctic and Neotropic members of the tribe Gnorimoschemini (Lep., GeL). Acta ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 37: 51-126. A NEW PERISAMA (NYMPHALIDAE: CALLICORINI) FROM BOLIVIA JOlIN H. MASTEHS1 Box 7511, St. Paul, Minnesota During 1962-63, Franz Steinbach, of Cochabamba, Bolivia, consigned to me 395 specimens of Perisama Doubleday (including Orophila Staud­ inger) collected near Alto Palmar, Chapare Province, Bolivia. The "Perisama comnena" in this group were particularly interesting because they apparently included two distinct phenotypes; one characterized by the normal large red basal patch on the ventral surface of the forewing, the other without it. This is the type of variation that is normally as­ sociated with geographical subspecies; however, both forms were sympatric at Alto Palmar. An examination of the male genitalia demonstrated that the two "forms" were in reality distinct species and, after a canvass of the literature, I am of the opinion that the second spccies is heretofore unnamed. Perisarna rusea Masters, new species MALE: Upperside of both wings deep-black ground; iridescent green rays extending outwardly from base of forewing, along base of discal cell and vein 2V, until they almost meet a diagonal iridescent green band, 2 to 3 mm wide, which crosses the wing from costal margin, at end of cell to inner margin at tornus; one (occasionally two) iridescent green spot( s) in subapical area, near costal margin. Hindwing with an iridescent green band, 2mm wide, extending through limbal area parallel to outer margin. Underside of forewing with dull black ground color except for a golden apex; base of wing with a small golden patch, confined primarily to cell ancl not over 8 mm long, having a tint of red at its outer margin; from this golden patch, a blue-green streak extends along costal margin of cell to a white triangular patch at end of cell which in turn precedes three small blue spots, in cells M2, M3 and CUt, which form 1 Research Associate, Section of Insects and Spiders, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. VOLUME 24, NUMBER 1 11 I' MM I ~ E c F Figure 1. Male genitalia of Perisama rusea Masters: (A) left lateral view of genital capsule with inside surfaces shaded; aedeagus (B) removed and the gonostatumen (C) detached and rotated 900 to view ventrally. Male genitalia of Perisama comnena Hewitson: (D) left lateral view of uncus and tegumcn, (E) aedeagus and (F) ventral view of gonostatumen. a diagonal line towards tomus. Underside of hindwing a uniform golden base color; two wavy black lines extending from costal margin, wbere they are at least 2. mm apart, to vannal veins where they stop short of anal margin (the eminens pattern, Schwanwitsch, 1930) with no trace of vestigial eyespots between them. Male genitalia (figue lA-C) very distinct from allied species; aedeagus relatively short (approximately 2 mm long) and not over 75% as long as gonostatllmen (Dillon, 1948) which is distinctly heart shaped anteriorally. FEMALE: Similar to male but larger and markings for most part, bolder but with duller colors. The eminens lines, on hindwing underside, meet on costal margin and between them five golden-brown eyespots, in cells M" M" discal, CUl and Cll2, faintly visible. LENGTH OF FOREWING: Male holotype, 21 mm; female allotype, 23 mm. Holotype male and allotype female: Bolivia, Alto Palmar, Chapare Province, District of Cochabamba, 1,100 meters elevation, March 1963. Types deposited in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Paratypes: 22 males from the same locality, various dates, 1962 and 1963. Single para types are being placed in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; The U.S. National Museum, Washington; The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, Cambridge, Massachu- 12 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Figure 2. Perisama rusea new specics, paratype male, Alto Palmar, Chapare, Bolivia, March 1963: (G) upperside and (I-I) underside. Perisama comnena Hewitson, Alto Palmar, Chapare, Bolivia, April 1963: (J) upperside and (K) uncler­ side. setts; and the Reading Public Museum, Reading, Pennsylvania. The remainder are being retained in the author's collection. Perisama rusea (figure 2G-H) is immediately distinguishable from Perisama comnena Hewitson (figure 2J-K) by the lack of the large red basal spot on the ventral surface of the forewings; from Perisama xanthica Hewitson by the presence of the green limbal band on the dorsal surface of the hindwing and by a much smaller golden patch at the base of the ventral surface of the forewing; and from Perisama humboldtii Guer. by the lack of punctiform eyespots on the ventral surface of the hindwing and a large red basal spot on the ventral surface of the forewing. All four of these species are sympatric at Alto Palmar, Bolivia and all have distinc­ tive male genitalia. Examination of several series of P. comnena from Pem did not reveal any P. rusea among them. Examination of the male genitalia in Perisama and related genera (Callicorini) reveals that the uncus, tegumen, saccus, aedeagus and VOLUME 24, NUMBER 1 13 gonostatumen all have diagnostic characters at the species level. It is suprising that previous use has not been made of them. In his revision of the Callicorini (as Catagrammini), Dillon (1948) characterized the male genitalia in his definition of the tribe, but did not use them to diagnose species. The gonostatumen is an interesting structure that is found only in the Callicorini, including Callithea Feisthamel. It was named by Dillon (1948) who believed it to be a modification of the eighth sternite and to function as a prop for the usual genital organs. LITERATURE CITED DILLON, L. S., 1948. The tribe Catagrammini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part 1. The genus Catagramma and allies. Reading Public Museum Scientific Publ., No.8: 1-113. SCHWAKWITSCH, B. N., 1930. Studies upon the wing-pattern of Catagramma and related genera of South American nymphalid butterflies. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 21: 105-284. MULTIPLE CAPTURE OF CARlA INa MELlCERTA (RIODINIDAE) AT LIGHT LEE D. MILLER The Allyn Foundation, 222 West Adams Bldg., Chicago, Illinois A rather extensive bibliography has accumulated concerning butter­ flies that have been attracted to light. Most recent records have been of captures at ultraviolet light, such as reported by Throne (1961) and Welling (1963). Most of these records involve single specimens, but there have been a few instances of multiple captures of butterflies (Donahue, 1962; Phillips, 1962; Welling, 1963; and Hessel, 1965), for example. Some of the collections have been at ultraviolet light, some at fluorescent and a few at incandescent light. There seem to be two explanations for the attraction of butterflies to light: (1) the butterflies were at rest, were disturbed and these flew to the light source, and (2) the butterflies are crepuscular species and wcre attracted to the light as are many crepuscular Sphingidae and other moths. Most of the records fall into the first category, and they almost always are based on one or two specimens; the majority of the captures I have made at light are in this class, both in the United States and in the Neotropics. Several of the multiple captures, especially those of Opsiphanes (Welling, 1963) and M elanitis (Donahue, 1962), are of .
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