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How Much for Those Zzzzzs? DIRECT CURRENT THE TRAVELING WAVE BETTER LIVING STOP THE TO THE RESCUE TUBE MYSTERY THROUGH MAGNETS NOISE New power lines will The role of a Russian- Nanoscale logic Or it will throttle shore up the Baltics American genius is superefficient the Internet of Things P. 11 P. 38 P. 44 P. 50 FOR THE TECHNOLOGY INSIDER | 09.15 How Much For AnThose amazing algorithm lets Airbnb ZZZZZs? put a price on any room, any time P. 32 09.Covers.NA.NS.v2 [P].indd 1 8/18/15 10:49 AM ENGINEERS START HERE 500,000 in-stock electronics products │ Guaranteed Same-Day Shipping │ 500+ World-Class Manufacturers Your Needs Delivered. 1 800 463 9277 | newark.com 09a.Cov2.NA [P].indd 2 8/11/15 12:55 PM 50 32 38 44 How Much The True Better PHONE TO FRIDGE: Is Your Spare History of Computing Room Worth? the Traveling- With Magnets SHUT UP! Airbnb uses machine Wave Tube A recipe for building learning to help hosts logic circuits from Radio-frequency interference threatens price their digs. The earliest work on nanoscale bar to hobble the Internet of Things. By Dan Hill this important tube is magnets. often overlooked. By Wolfgang Porod by mark a. mchenry, dennis roberson By Jack Copeland & Michael Niemier & robert j. matheson & Andre A. Haeff O n the Cover Photograph for IEEE Spectrum by The Voorhes ILLUSTRATION BY Lou Brooks SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG | NORTH AMERICAN | SEP 2015 | 01 09.Contents.NA [P].indd 1 8/13/15 4:45 PM Smarter Embedded Designs, Faster Deployment The combination of NI LabVIEW system design software and reconfi gurable I/O LabVIEW system design (RIO) hardware helps small design teams with varied expertise develop demanding software offers ultimate embedded applications in less time. Using this graphical system design approach, fl exibility through FPGA programming, simplifi es you can take advantage of the same integrated platform to program embedded code reuse, and helps processors and FPGAs for faster application development in industries ranging you program the way you think–graphically. from energy to transportation, manufacturing, and life sciences. >> Accelerate your productivity at ni.com/embedded-platform 800 453-6202 ©2013 National Instruments. All rights reserved. LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, and ni.com are trademarks of National Instruments. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. 12114 12114 NI_2012_Smarter Embedded Design Ad.indd 1 6/19/13 11:54 AM 09a.p2.NA [P].indd 2 8/12/15 10:14 AM DEPARTMENTS_09.15TS_01.13 102311 Online News Resources Opinion Spectrum.ieee.org The Great Baltic Disconnect Get YourThing On The Engineered Death I nteractive: Top Programming Undersea HVDC and other IBM and ARM team up with a starter Technology often complicates, Languages transmission projects aim to free kit for the Internet of Things. rather than eases, end-of-life issues. This year’s edition of IEEE the region from dependence on By Stephen Cass By G. Pascal Zachary Spectrum’s customizable Web Russian energy. By Peter Fairley app is now available. Based on 12 25 Tools: Wearable for Seniors 04 Back Story metrics from 10 sources, it reveals 13 T attoo Tech 26 S tartups: KSI Makes Drones 06 Contributors the hottest languages in your current 16 A Wearable for Baseball Easier to Fly 28 Numbers Don’t Lie: field or the one you need to learn to Pitchers 27 Car eers: Supporting Women Japan Ages Ungracefully take a new career step. See http:// 18 Why California Rules Robocars With Mentors 30 Reflections: Engineers on TV spectrum.ieee.org/TPL2015 20 The Big Picture: Light at the 76 And Now This… End of the Tunnel Reed Relays’ Modern Life ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Tech Insider / Webinars The Institute Available at spectrum.ieee.org/webinar Available at theinstitute.ieee.org EMC Simulation of a Motor Control—24 September 2015 READY TO LAUNCH Engineering and entrepreneurship often go hand Top-Ranking Online Master’s in Engineering Degrees Designed for in hand. In this special issue on startups, we present IEEE’s efforts to attract Working Professionals—Available On Demand more entrepreneurial types to the organization and to support members’ Product Line Engineering: The Key for Using Strategic Reuse to Tame IoT ventures through online resources, networking events, and more. We also Product Development Complexity—Available On Demand spotlight several members who founded innovative tech companies. Simulating Graphene-Based Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices— Available On Demand GETTING SCHOOLED ON STARTUPS Milton Chang, an angel investor whose companies have never failed, shares advice with entrepreneurs on ETT MA STER BOND RESOURCE LIBRARY finding a niche market, capitalizing on an idea, and getting funding. L http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/master-bond-resource-library ANDI K ANDI N EW PRODUCT RELEASE LIBRARY U H MBLE BEGINNINGS Learn how multibillion-dollar companies R http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/new-product-release-library Hewlett-Packard and Medtronic got started. W HITE PAPERS http://spectrum.ieee.org/whitepapers DON WEST; WEST; DON ; L OBA L IEEE SPECTRUM (ISSN 0018-9235) is published monthly by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY OTUS G OTUS 10016-5997, U.S.A. Volume No. 52, issue No. 9, North American edition. The editorial content of IEEE Spectrum magazine does not represent official positions of the IEEE or its organizational units. Canadian Post International M Publications Mail (Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 40013087. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Circulation Department, IEEE Spectrum, Box 1051, Fort Erie, ON L2A 6C7. Cable address: ITRIPLEE. T: T: F Fax: +1 212 419 7570. INTERNET: [email protected]. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS: IEEE Members: $21.40 included in dues. Libraries/institutions: $399. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to IEEE Spectrum, c/o Coding Department, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and additional mailing offices. Canadian GST #125634188. Printed at 120 Donnelley Dr., Glasgow, KY 42141-1060, U.S.A. IEEE Spectrum circulation is audited by BPA Worldwide. IEEE Spectrum is a member of the Association of Business Information & Media Companies, the Association of Magazine Media, and FROM LE FROM Association Media & Publishing. IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html. SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG | NORTH AMERICAN | SEP 2015 | 03 09.Contents.NA [P].indd 3 8/13/15 4:45 PM BACK STORY_ EDITOR IN CHIEF Susan Hassler, [email protected] EXECUTIVE EDITOR Glenn Zorpette, [email protected] EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, DIGITAL Harry Goldstein, [email protected] MANAGING EDITOR Elizabeth A. Bretz, [email protected] SENIOR ART DIRECTOR Mark Montgomery, [email protected] SENIOR EDITORS Stephen Cass (Resources), [email protected] Erico Guizzo (Digital), [email protected] Jean Kumagai, [email protected] Samuel K. Moore (News), [email protected] Tekla S. Perry, [email protected] Philip E. Ross, [email protected] David Schneider, [email protected] DEPUTY ART DIRECTOR Brandon Palacio, [email protected] PHOTOGRAPHY DIRECTOR Randi Klett, [email protected] A SSOCIATE ART DIRECTOR Erik Vrielink, [email protected] SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS Rachel Courtland, [email protected] Eliza Strickland, [email protected] A SSOCIATE EDITOR Catching the Wave Celia Gorman (Multimedia), [email protected] A SSISTANT EDITOR Willie D. Jones, [email protected] SENIOR COPY EDITOR Joseph N. Levine, [email protected] ack copeland and andre a. haeff collaborated on C OPY EDITOR Michele Kogon, [email protected] EDITORIAL RESEARCHER Alan Gardner, [email protected] this month’s feature “The True History of the Traveling- ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS Wave Tube.” How these two men, who have very different Ramona L. Foster, [email protected] backgrounds and live 11,000 kilometers apart, ended up Nancy T. Hantman, [email protected] INTERNS Kristen Clark (Video); Lauren Young writing the article together is an interesting story in itself. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Copeland [above left], a Distinguished Professor of Arts at Evan Ackerman, Mark Anderson, John Blau, Robert N. Charette, Peter Fairley, Tam Harbert, Mark Harris, David the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, Kushner, Robert W. Lucky, Paul McFedries, Prachi Patel, J developed an interest in computability theory, which Richard Stevenson, Lawrence Ulrich, Paul Wallich eventually led him to study the history of computing, including the DIRECTOR, PERIODICALS PRODUCTION SERVICES Peter Tuohy EDITORIAL & WEB PRODUCTION MANAGER Roy Carubia hardware of early electronic computers. While researching a primitive SENIOR ELECTRONIC LAYOUT SPECIALIST Bonnie Nani form of computer memory called the Williams tube, Copeland stumbled SPECTRUM ONLINE PRODUCT MANAGER, DIGITAL Shannan Brown on a patent for another kind of computer-memory tube invented by WEB PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Jacqueline L. Parker A.V. Haeff, a name he didn’t recognize. Seeking to learn about this MULTIMEDIA PRODUCTION SPECIALIST Michael Spector mysterious tube, Copeland began an investigation of Haeff’s work. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Susan Hassler, Chair; Gerard A. Alphonse, Jason Cong*, “I discovered he hadn’t just invented the memory tube—he’d invented Sudhir Dixit, Limor Fried, Robert Hebner, Joseph J. Helble, all these other things, including the traveling-wave tube,” says Copeland. Chenming Hu*, Grant Jacoby, Norberto Lerendegui, John P. Lewis, Steve Mann, Jacob Østergaard, Umit Ozguner, Thrasos But he pieced together very little about Haeff’s personal life until a Pappas, John Rogers, Jonathan Rothberg, Umar Saif, Takao Someya, Jeffrey M. Voas, Kazuo Yano, Larry Zhang*, Yu Zheng, student brought him a CD containing music by Haeff’s brother, Alexei.
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