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The Invocative Use of the Bible's Rhetorical Power in the Transcripts of Anne Hutchinson's Trials

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The Invocative Use of the Bible's Rhetorical Power in the Transcripts of Anne Hutchinson's Trials University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2016 The nI vocative Use Of The iB ble's Rhetorical Power In The rT anscripts Of Anne Hutchinson's Trials Carolyn D. Baker Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Baker, Carolyn D., "The nI vocative Use Of The iB ble's Rhetorical Power In The rT anscripts Of Anne Hutchinson's Trials" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1868. https://commons.und.edu/theses/1868 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INVOCATIVE USE OF THE BIBLE'S RHETORICAL POWER IN THE TRANSCRIPTS OF ANNE HUTCHINSON'S TRIALS by Carolyn Denise Baker Bachelor of Arts, Luther Rice Seminary, 1980 Master of Divinity. Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, 1984 Doctor of Ministry, Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1996 Master of Arts, University of North Dakota 2005 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Grand Forks May 2016 This dissertation, submitted by Carolyn Denise Baker in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ______________________________________ Dr. Eric Wolfe, Chairperson ______________________________________ Dr. Sharon Carson ______________________________________ Dr. Chris Nelson ______________________________________ Dr. Adame Kitzes ______________________________________ Dr. Cynthia Prescott This dissertation is being submitted by the appointed advisory committee as having met all of the requirements of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved. __________________________________ Dr. Wayne Swisher, Dean of the School of Graduate Studies ____________ April 25, 2016 ii PERMISSION Title The Invocative Use of the Bible’s Rhetorical Power in the Transcripts of Anne Hutchinson’s Trials Department English Degree Doctor of Philosophy In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my dissertation work or, in their absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this dissertation or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my dissertation. Name: Carolyn Denise Baker Date: April 25, 2016 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................v ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I. THE INVOCATIVE USE OF THE BIBLE'S RHETORICAL POWER IN THE TRANSCRIPTS OF ANNE HUTCHINSON'S TRIALS—THE FOCUS, NEED, AND METHODOLOGY OF THIS STUDY .................................................................................................1 The Focus of This Study ..............................................................................1 The Need for This Study ..............................................................................2 A Methodology for This Study…………………………………………..18 A Preview of This Study…………………………………………………22 II. WINTHROP AND COTTON’S INVOCATIVE USE OF THE BIBLE’S RHETORICAL POWER IN THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY WRITINGS ..............................................................................28 Introduction ................................................................................................28 Approach, Definitions, and Use of the Terms ‘Literal’, Literalism’, ‘Allegorical’, and ‘Typological’ ............................................29 Winthrop and Cotton’s Literalistic Uses of Biblical Texts ........................34 Winthrop and Cotton’s Typological Transformations and the Rhetorical Invocations ...............................................................................58 Some Selected Representative Uses of Winthrop and Cotton’s Use of Allegory ..........................................................................................66 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................70 iv III. WINTHROP, COTTON, AND HUTCHINSON’S LITERALISTIC, ALLEGORICAL, AND TYPOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF MEANINGS IN THE COLONY’S PROTESTANT BIBLE AND THEIR ACCOMPANYING RHETORICAL USES APPEARING IN THE TRANSCRIPTS OF ANNE HUTCHINSON’S CIVIC TRIAL (NOVEMBER 1637) ...................................74 Introduction ................................................................................................74 The Use of the Bible during the Civic Trial (November 1637) .................79 Chapter Conclusion ..................................................................................112 IV. WINTHROP, COTTON, AND HUTCHINSON’S LITERALISTIC, ALLEGORICAL, AND TYPOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF MEANING IN THE COLONY’S PROTESTANT BIBLE AND THEIR ACCOMPANYING RHETORICAL USES APPEARING IN THE TRANSCRIPTS OF ANNE HUTCHINSON’S ECCLESIASTICAL TRIAL (MARCH 15 1638) ............................................114 Introduction ..............................................................................................114 The Colony’s Charges against Hutchinson and the Literalistic Use of the Bible .......................................................................................114 The Colony’s Banishment of Hutchinson and the Literalistic Use of the Bible .......................................................................................132 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................148 V. EPILOGUE, OR LESSONS LEARNED FROM LITERALISTIC, ALLEGORICAL, AND TYPOLOGICAL READINGS OF MEANINGS FOUND IN THE COLONY’S PROTESTANT BIBLE, AS WELL AS THEIR ACCOMPANYING RHETORICAL USES APPEARING IN THE TRANSCRIPTS OF ANNE HUTCHINSON’S CIVIL (NOVEMBER 1637) AND ECCLESIASTICAL TRIAL (MARCH 1638)....150 Introduction ..............................................................................................150 Perspectives from the Past .......................................................................151 Problems in the Past and Present .............................................................156 A Possible Remedy ..................................................................................167 v Conclusion ...............................................................................................170 Questions for Further Discussion.............................................................171 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................172 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to offer thanks to my committee who guided my thinking and writing: Dr. Sharon Carson, Dr. Eric Wolfe, Dr. Chris Nelson, Dr. Adam Kitzes, and Dr. Cynthia Prescott. I would also like to thank the English Department of the University of North Dakota for their partially funding my research for this project. Thank you for monies you gave me to travel in England and experience the environs of Cotton and Hutchinson in the cities of London, Boston, and Alford. Thank you Mayville State University for also partially finding my research for this project. Thank you for monies and the allotted time you also gave me to travel to England. I wish to thank my Division Chair, Dr. Dalton Mc Mahon, and our Administrators: Dr. Gary Hagen, Dr. Keith Stenehjem, Dr. Steven Benson, Dr. Ray Gerszewski. Of course, I am indebted to Mrs. Shannon Hoffer for all the times she so patiently and diligently helped me locate the resources I needed for this project. I thank my dear friend, colleague, former dean, and UND Alumna, Dr. Lavonne Larson. The dissertation process is now completed. It is time again for us to travel the world and both teach and learn from those in need. Most of all, I thank my Lord for giving me the ability to complete this project. Soli Deo Gloria ! vii Dedicated to My Teacher Sharon Carson, Ph.D. Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor ABSTRACT Generally speaking, some Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans invoke the rhetorical power of the Protestant Old and New Testaments in their writings to specify and dictate certain courses of action, especially during the period known as the Antinomian Controversy. These authoritarian, dogmatic, directive allusions to Scripture-- what I call the invocative use of the Bible's rhetorical power--appear frequently in some specific contemporaneous Massachusetts Bay Colony journals, sermons, and letters. The author employs these uses to establish the literary and interpretive
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