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Resurrecting the Hip-Hop and Christian Cultures: Lecrae's Unashamed Use of the Rap Narrative, Persona, and Language

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Resurrecting the Hip-Hop and Christian Cultures: Lecrae's Unashamed Use of the Rap Narrative, Persona, and Language University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2015 Resurrecting the hip-hop and Christian cultures: Lecrae's unashamed use of the rap narrative, persona, and language Marci Swank University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2015 Marci Swank Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Musicology Commons Recommended Citation Swank, Marci, "Resurrecting the hip-hop and Christian cultures: Lecrae's unashamed use of the rap narrative, persona, and language" (2015). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 222. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/222 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright by MARCI SWANK 2015 All Rights Reserved RESURRECTING THE HIP-HOP AND CHRISTIAN CULTURES: LECRAE’S UNASHAMED USE OF THE RAP NARRATIVE, PERSONA, AND LANGUAGE An Abstract of a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Marci Swank University of Northern Iowa December 2015 ABSRACT Hip-hop and Christian cultures do not overlap too often, or do they? As a rapper, Lecrae is able to share his narrative through his lyrical content, which includes his Christian faith. This thesis examines the history of hip-hop, Lecrae’s personal influences, and the overarching movement within the two cultures. Lecrae’s persona, use of the hip- hop and Christian platforms, and rhetorical decisions reveal him as an example of how the American culture both resists and embraces the less-likely artist. Some view Lecrae as the one bringing hip-hop back to its original origins, but others believe that he is tainting both cultures by trying to blend them. Regardless, Lecrae uses historical events, varying cultural languages, and his personal story to persuade his audience to see life differently. RESURRECTING THE HIP-HOP AND CHRISTIAN CULTURES: LECRAE’S UNASHAMED USE OF THE RAP NARRATIVE, PERSONA, AND LANGUAGE A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Marci Swank University of Northern Iowa December 2015 ii This Study by: Marci Swank Entitled: RESURRECTING THE HIP-HOP AND CHRISTIAN CULTURES: LECRAE’S UNASHAMED USE OF THE RAP NARRATIVE, PERSONA, AND LANGUAGE has been approved as meeting the thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts ___________ _____________________________________________________ Date Dr. Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure, Chair, Thesis Committee ___________ _____________________________________________________ Date Dr. David Grant, Thesis Committee Member ___________ _____________________________________________________ Date Dr. Brooke Wonders, Thesis Committee Member ___________ _____________________________________________________ Date Dr. Kavita R. Dhanwada, Interim Dean, Graduate College iii To Steven Merrill, for sharing 2Pac’s legacy & To Pat Dayton, for continuously seeing life through the music. To my friends, to my family, to my hip-hop lovers. To the unashamed, to the supporters, to the culture makers. iv Thank you to my professors, who over the years have pushed me and allowed me to become who I am today, both as a professional and as a person. Thank you to my thesis committee for without your challenges and encouragements, I never would have found my voice within this experience. Dr. Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure, thank you for pushing me beyond what I thought I was ever capable of, and for always bringing it back to hip-hop’s roots. Dr. David Grant, thank you for the constant reminders that rhetoric is in everything. Dr. Brooke Wonders, thank you for encouraging me to share stories and research in a more creative way. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii PREFACE. PERSONAL NARRATIVE ............................................................................1 INTRODUCTION. THE PERSONA AND LANGUAGE OF REACH RECORDS ......10 Who is Reach Records? ...............................................................................................12 The Line Up’s Credentials ...........................................................................................13 Decisions and Actions of the Rapper Persona and Platform ......................................13 CHAPTER1. LECRAE’S CULTURAL NARRATIVE .................................................18 CHAPTER 2. LECRAE FITTING INTO RAP’S HISTORY ..........................................32 CHAPTER 3. LECRAE’S CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE ...................................................40 CHAPTER 4. THE REBEL ..............................................................................................46 CHAPTER 5. LECRAE’S CRAFTED LANGUAGE ......................................................54 CHAPTER 6. THE AUTHENTIC TRANSPARENT PERSONA IN GRAVITY ............59 The Message of Gravity ...............................................................................................61 Leader Role .................................................................................................................63 Life Decisions ..............................................................................................................64 Culture and Sin ...........................................................................................................67 Portrayal of Relationships ...........................................................................................70 Grace and Mercy .........................................................................................................70 Call to Action ..............................................................................................................72 vi CHAPTER 7. ANOMALY: HISTORICAL AND CURRENT ISSUES ...........................75 Persona .........................................................................................................................75 Societal and Political Issues ........................................................................................79 Cultural Issues .............................................................................................................85 Love Stories .................................................................................................................87 Christianity ..................................................................................................................88 CONCLUSION. THE FUTURE OF LECRAE’S CULTURE ..........................................89 NOTES ..........................................................................................................................90 WORKS CITED ...............................................................................................................91 vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Descriptive Web.....................................................................................................18 2 Rap Timeline ..........................................................................................................21 3 Real Talk Lyrics .....................................................................................................55 4 Gravity Lyrics ....................................................................................................... 56 5 Anomaly Lyrics ......................................................................................................56 1 PREFACE PERSONAL NARRATIVE “I just want to be able to die saying I gave it my all in terms of being a voice.” – Lecrae (Whitaker) I am fully aware I have everything against me when it comes to analyzing hip- hop. Yet I am willing to learn and ignore societal expectations. What do Lecrae and I have in common? A few things, but first and foremost, I have never fit into the societal mold I have been placed within, and neither has Lecrae. Hip-hop has been my source of insight, motivation, and eye-opening experiences. As a nod and twist to what Jay-Z says, I have 99 obstacles, but learning ain’t one. Somewhere between L.L. Cool J’s “Mama Said Knock You Out,” MTV’s Save the Last Dance film, and Eminem’s ever growing empire, I became who I am today. While I am challenging cultural norms, I am not trying to be part of any culture I am not directly related to. I am not trying to say that I have some sort of direct lineage to hip-hop or hip-hop culture. My direct lineage begins and ends with me, being an example of someone who learned most of what I talk about and believe from rap. I grew up in a household where music of all genres was encouraged. When I was in sixth grade, I got ahold of Eminem’s Marshall Mather’s LP. Eminem was my gateway to the hip-hip culture, as he was for probably most white Midwesterners. In “White America,” Eminem raps, “See the problem is, I speak to suburban kids, who otherwise would of never knew these words exist . White America, I could be one of your kids . Eric looks just like this . Erica loves my shit.” I was definitely one of the Ericas. I 2 loved his openness, honesty, and his emotion. Music should evoke some sort of emotion, even if the emotion is not a comfortable one. Eminem’s music consistently forced me to form my own opinions about the world,
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