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GEOGRAPHY of COASTAL DESERTS Titlei in Thli Nerien : Cambior Hihicor De Las Planiar En Medios Áridos Semi Áridos

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GEOGRAPHY of COASTAL DESERTS Titlei in Thli Nerien : Cambior Hihicor De Las Planiar En Medios Áridos Semi Áridos ARID ZONE RESEARCH - XXVIII GEOGRAPHY OF COASTAL DESERTS Titlei in thLi nerien : cambior hihicor de las planiar en medios áridos semi áridos. Actas 1. Reviews of rerearch on arid zone hydrology del coloquio celebrodo en Madrid II. Proceedings of ihr Ankara Symposium on Arid Zone llydrology XVII. A history of land uso in arid regions III. Directory of imiituiions engaged in arid ione research XVIII. The problema of the arid zone, Proceedings of ihr Paris symposium IV. Uiiliraiion of salins water. Reviewr of research XIX. Nomades ea nomadisme au Sahara v. l’lani ecology. Roceedingr of the Il.lontpellier Sympoaium I J&ologie xx. Changer of climate. Proceedings of the Rome symposium organized by végétale. Acier du colloqur de nionrpellier Unesco and WMO VI. Plani ecology. Reviewr of research 1 Ecologis végétale. Compte rendu XXI. Dioclimatic mop of the Mediterranean zone. Explanaiory noles de rechercher XXII. Environmeniul physiology and psychology in arid conditions. Reviews VIL Wind and solar emrgy. Proceedingr of ihr New Delhi Symposium I of research Energie rolairs et éolienne. Acier du colloqw de New Delhi I Energia XXIII. Agricultural planning and village community in Israel solar y eolica. Actor del coloquio celebrado en Nueva Delhi XXIV. Enrironinental physiology and psychology in arid conditions. Pro- VIII. Iluman and animal ecology. Reviewr of research I ficologie humaine ceedings of the Lucknow rymposium i Physiologie el psyrhologie en et animale. Compie rendu de rechercha milieu aride. Actes du colloque da Lucknow. IX. Guide book to research data on arid WIUdevelopment XXV. Methodology of plani eco-phyeiology. Proceedings of the hlontpollier symposium illéihodologie de I’éco-physiologie végétale. Actes du X. Climatology. Reviews of research I collogue de Montpellier. XI. Climatology and microclimtology. Proceedings of the Canberra Land Symposium XXVI. use in semi-arid Medirerransan climates I Utilisation des terres en chaisemi-aride médiierranéen XII. Arid zone hydrology. Recent developmenrs XXYII. Evaporation reduction XIIL Medicinal plants of the arid zoner x xv II I. Geography of coastal deserts XIV. Salinity problems in the arid zonea. Proceedings of the Teheran Symposium xv. Plani-water relationships in arid and semi-arid condiiions. Reviews of research XVI. Plantwater relaiionships in arid and semi-arid Conditions. Pro- ceedings of the Madrid Symposium I &hanges hydriques ¿es plantes The reviews of research are publkhed with o yellow cover; the proceedings en milieu aride ou Semi-aride. Actes du colloque de Madrid I Inter- of the symposia with B grey cover. GEOGRAPHY OF COASTAL DESERTS by PEVERIL MEIGS UNESCO Published in 1966 by the United Nations Educaiional, Scientific and Culiural Organizaiion Place de Fontenoy, I’aris-7’ I’rinied by Vaillant-Carmanne,S.A., Liège (Delgique) Q Unenco 1966 Printed in Rd ium NS.64ll11.33fA FOREWORD The Arid Zone Programmefirst staried by Unesco in 1949 In view of the fact that a large amount of air moisture is was placed under the guidance of the Advisory Committee brought to these regions from the sea and since it will for Arid Zone Research when it was established in the probably be possible in the near future to use demineralized spring of 1951 and,from 1957 to 1962, became one of the sea-water for domestic and industrial purposes, they ofler ‘major projects’ of the Organiz&ion. During that period special characteristics and potential economic interest it was possille to use additional funds and thereby to which led the Advisory Committee to recommend that a provide increased assistance to some research institutes study, as comprehensive as possible, be made, The task and also to sponsor certain activities connected with the was entrusted to Dr. Peveril Meigs, chairman of the Arid essential aims of the programme. Though that period is Zone Commission of the International Geographical now over, the arid zone programme is nevertheless con- Union. His work is now completed and presented in tinuing as part of Unesco’s scienliJic research activity the following pages. concerning natural resources, and further works are being In oflering this volume to readers particularly interested published in the Arid Zone Research series. This series in the problems of the arid zones, Unesco wishes to thank comprises at present twenty-seven volumes dealing either Dr. Peveril Meigs-whose well-known homoclimatic maps with reviews of research on various special subjects such of the arid zones were published by Iinesco in 1952-for as hydrology, plant ecology, utilization of saline water, adding this interesting survey of coastal deserts to the human and animal ecology, climatology, etc., or with Arid Zone Research series. It should not need particular the proceedings of symposia organized by Unesco on emphasis that the points of view, selection of material and these same subjects as part of the arid zone programme. opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author. The International Geographical Union and the Advi- References to geographical names or political frontiers do sory Committee for Arid Zone Research have both expressed not imply any recognition on the part of the Organization. particular interest in the coastal deserts of the world. CONTENTS Introduction ...................... 9 Part One. General aspects ... ............... 11 The distinctiveness of coastal deserts ............... 11 The limits of coastal deserts ' . ............... 12 Classification of coastal deserts . ............... 14 Potential uses of coastal deserts . ............... 15 Desalinization .................... 16 Agricultural potentialities . ................17 Grazing ...... ............... 18 Minerals ...... ............... 18 Fish ...................... ia Seaweed ..................... 19 Salt ....... ............... 20 Recreation .................... 20 Trade ...................... 20 Tidal power ..... ............... 20 Sun and wind ...................... 21 Part Two. Regional survey ................. 23 Sector 1. Kathiawar-Kutch ................. 23 Sector 2. The Indus Delta .... ............. 25 Sector 3. Las Bela and Makran .................. 28 Makran ..................... 28 Sector 4. Iranian littoral of the Persian Gulf ............. 30 The central littoral ................... 30 Harmozia ..................... 33 Bushire ...................... 34 Sector 5. Mesopotamian littoral ................ 34 The river system ................... 35 Climate ..................... 35 The Shatt-al-Arab and its levees ................ 36 The Khuzistan Plain .................. 37 The river basin marshes ................. 38 Coastal mud flats ................... 38 Sector 6. Arabian littoral of the Persian Gulf ............. 39 Kuwait ..................... 4.0 Kuwait-Saudi Arabia neutral zone ...............42 The Iïasa littoral ...................42 Bahrein ..................... 44 Qatar ...................... 47 The Trucial coast ...................4.8 Sector 7. Muscat .................... 53 Sector 8. Arabian south-east littoral ................ 55 Climate ..................... 55 Eastern subdivision ...................57 Dhufar ...................... 59 Hadhramaut .................... 60 Aden ...................... 62 Sector 9. The Red Sea .................. 63 Yemen Tihama ..................... 66 Sector 10. The Hejaz. Asir and Tihama ............... 67 Sector 11. Sinai and the Negev .................71 Sector 12. Eastern desert littoral of Egypt ................73 Sector 13. Sudan and Eritrea .................75 Sector 14. Somali littoral. Gulf of Aden .............. 77 Sector 15. Somalia. East Coast ................................ 7û Sector 16 Nile-Sinai Bfediterranean littoral 79 . ................ Sector 17. Qattara littoral ......................... 85 .. Sector 18 .Libyan littoral ........................ 85 Sector 19 .Tunisia ...............' ...... 88 Sector 20. The Níjar Desert ...................:...... 83 .The Atlantic littoral of the Sahara .....................90 Sector 21 .Sous-Ifni Desert ..................... 91 Sector 22 . Spanish Sahara ..................; . 92 Sector 23 . Mauritania .........................93 Sectors 24 and 25. Angola littoral and Namib Desert ..............91 .Limits ..............................94 -The Foggy Desert ........................95 'Terrain ....................... 96 Economic geography and potentiality .............. 97 Sector 26 . Southern Madagascar .................... 98 Sectors 27 and 28 .Western and Southern Australia ................ 99 Western Australia littoral .................100 Southern Australia littoral ................. 101 Sectors 29 to 33 . North-western Mexico .....................102 Sectors 34 and 35. The North-west Peruvian Lowlands and the Peruvian Lomas ...i . 107 . .TheNorth-west Peruvian Lowlands ........... ? .....109 Sector 36 . Atacama Desert ......................110 Definitions and limits 110 ....................... Regions ....................... 111 Sector 37. Eastern Patagonia .................... 113 Climatological tables ..................... 116 Bibliography ...... ...............134 Maps ........................ 141 ..... .. INTRODUCTION Several years ago I was commissioned by Unesco to the terrain, in terms comparable from one desert to make a study of the geographic potentiality of the another. Climatic details are given in the text, in profile world’s coastal deserts, as part of the programme graphs, and in tables with detailed climatic statistics sponsored by the Unesco Advisory Committee on Arid by months for about
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