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13/7/20 the Reign of Terror Please Spend ONE HOUR on Each Lesson This Week

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13/7/20 the Reign of Terror Please Spend ONE HOUR on Each Lesson This Week Y8 History Week beginning: 13/7/20 The Reign of Terror Please spend ONE HOUR on each lesson this week. Lesson One: 1. Review/complete your storyboard from last week about the French Revolution so far. 2. Read the information about the Reign of Terror. This followed the events you explored last week. 3. Write a paragraph, in your own words, explaining what the Reign of Terror was. 4. Look through the sources. For each source explain what it tells you about the Reign of Terror and how the lives of the people had changed from before the revolution began. 5. Write a paragraph explaining why you think the French government became a government that led through terror. Task 1- The Reign of Terror Last week you explored the French Revolution from the collapse of the estates system to the execution of the King in 1793. The Reign of Terror incudes the death of King Louis and goes up until the death of Maximilian Robespierre, the leader of the government, in 1794. When the revolutionaries overturned the estates system and reduced the power of the King, they realised that they had to ensure this new France remained strong. The revolutionaries believed that they had made a country that was fairer and allowed for greater equality, but they also felt it was under threat from those people who had lost power and influence. Therefore, in order to ensure that the revolution couldn’t be reversed, some revolutionaries decided they had to remove any opponents. In practice this meant removing any supporters of the king or those who wanted to maintain aspects of the old system. After the events of 1789 some people had wanted to work alongside Louis. However, Louis made a number of mistakes that meant people lost trust in him. This led to his execution in January 1793. The National Assembly voted in favour of his execution. A group of men within the Assembly decided that France’s management needed to change. They created different committees to monitor different aspects of society. The Committee of Public Safety became the most famous of the committees. It was led by one man in particular, Maximillian Robespierre. Robespierre was devoted to protecting the revolution, and was willing to put what he considered to be the best interests of France over anything else- including people’s lives. Robespierre and his supporters created a new government called the National Convention. The National Convention declared a ‘Reign of Terror’. They put in place policies to control and monitor the people of France. They wanted to make sure that anyone that expressed negative ideas or views about the government could be arrested or even killed. They created a sense of fear and terror across France so that people would be too scared to oppose them. People who had been supporters of the King were targeted, with many fleeing the country. Religious people who believed that the King was sent by God and so shouldn’t have been executed were sent abroad or suffered a worse fate. Anyone who was critical of Robespierre’s government was immediately executed. Thousands upon thousands of people were executed, many as a punishment for tiny acts of opposition. The Reign of Terror was aimed at protecting the gains made by the French revolution. However, to protect freedom, liberty and brotherhood, it ultimately it had created a dictatorship where people feared for their lives. People began to question whether the revolution had been worth it, or whether it was worse than it had been under King Louis XVI. Task 2 Source What does it tell you How has life changed for about the Reign of Terror the better or worse since 1793/1794? before the revolution? Explain with evidence from the sources. The committee created the Law of 22 Prairial (June 10, 1794), which suspended a suspect’s right to public trial and to legal assistance and left the jury a choice only of innocent or death. Britannica.com “Terror is the order of the day. This is how to do away instantly with both royalists and moderates and the restless, counter- revolutionary scum. The royalists want blood, well, they shall have the blood of the conspirators. It will be an operation for special Revolutionary Tribunals.” Barere, member of the committee of public safety. Image of the public executions that became common across France during the Reign of Terror. ‘Historians are divided about the onset and causes of the Terror, however, the revolutionary war, fears of foreign invasion, rumours about counter-revolutionary activity, assassination plots were all contributing factors.’ Alphahistory.com Image showing the drowning at Nantes, where many people were drowned for being against the revolution. This included lots of Catholic priests and nuns. “Robespierre, to establish his authority over men’s minds, was ready, if necessary to pass over the dead bodies of his opponents” Peter Kropotkin, The Great French Revolution,1911 Jean Julien, wagoner, having been sentenced to 12 years hard labour, took it into his head to cry ‘long live the king’, brought back to the Tribunal and condemned to death. Henriette Francoise Marboeuf, aged 5, convicted of having hoped for the arrival of the Austrians and Prussians (France was at war with them) and of keeping food for them, condemned to death and executed on the same day. The above shows two parts of the execution records from 1793 as part of the reign of terror. Painting showing the arrest of Maximilien Robespierre after opposition forces led a campaign against him, called the Thermidorian reaction. He was eventually killed and a new government replaced his, marking the end of the Reign of Terror. Task 3 Write a paragraph explaining why you think the French government became a government that led through terror. Y8 History Week beginning: 13/7/20 The French Revolution-Significance and Recap Please spend ONE HOUR on each lesson this week. Lesson Two: 1. Write a paragraph explaining why the French Revolution is a significant event in French history. Try to include at least three key reasons. Think about how much France was changed, and whether that was good or bad. 2. Look at the statements below. They each present reasons as to why the revolution is significant. You are going to look at different reasons as to why historical events are significant. Categorise each of the statements using a highlighter or symbol for each category. The categories are reasons as to why an event is significant: a. QUANTITY (Amount of people effected) b. IMPACT (The event had a great effect upon the people) c. LONGEVITY (It still impacts people's lives today) 3.Look over the work you created last lesson. Check the order of the statements from lesson 2 of last week. 4. Complete the quiz on the French Revolution on your microsoft team for history. Follow guidance to access Socrative in this document. 5.Save or print your work. Task 1 & 2- Significance & categorisation Reason as to why the French Revolution is significant Why does this make the revolution significant? Q, I or L French law continues to be modelled on the Code Napoleon, a legal code introduced by the Emperor in 1804. Napoleon would not have been able to become leader of France in 1799 if the revolution had not occurred. The French national anthem, The Marseillaise, was the theme song of the French Revolution, first sung by soldiers of the Revolution in 1792. It has been the French national anthem since the 1870s. On 14 July 1989, when most of France was celebrating the 200-hundred year anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, some were protesting about its horrors. The Tricolore was the flag of the Revolution. It became the flag of France, but it also became a symbol of freedom. Many new nations which gained their independence adopted the tricolour as their flag. In the National Assembly during the Revolution, radicals who wanted change sat ‘on the left wing’, and conservatives who wanted things to stay as they were sat ‘on the right wing’. Around the world today, political parties are known as left-wing or right-wing depending on whether they want change or not. King Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, and Revolutionary France became a Republic (a state without a monarch). Although the monarchy returned briefly, France is a republic again today. Before the Revolution, Catholicism was the only religion tolerated in France. During and after the Revolution, any religion was allowed. The Revolution replaced the French monarch with an assembly, which had the power to make laws and raise taxes. This assembly was elected by all French men who paid tax. The Eiffel Tower in Paris was built in 1889 to remember the revolution. It was the tallest building in the world then. Lenin led Russia in the world’s first Communist Revolution in 1917. He was greatly influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was introduced, which declared that all people were equal before the law. People could no longer be put in prison without being tried in a court first. Crisis, revolt and violence in France following the King’s execution in 1793 led the new government to take strong action. This period became known as the Terror. In total, more than 12,500 people were officially guillotined in two years, but countless others were shot or drowned. In addition, it is estimated that 300,000 people were imprisoned for not supporting the Revolution Task 3-Review the task from last week’s lesson where you had to place the events in the correct order.
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