DOCSLIB.ORG

From the Lane to the City: the Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’S Low Cost Sanitation Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From the Lane to the City: the Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’S Low Cost Sanitation Model From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model A WaterAid report by Akbar Zaidi From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model WaterAid/Caroline Penn WaterAid/Caroline This report is one of a series which analyse WaterAid’s experience in supporting integrated water, sanitation and hygiene education projects in developing countries. Other reports in the series are: WAMMA: Empowerment in practice Hitosa Water Supply: A people’s project India: Making government funding work harder Contracts or Partnerships: Working through local NGOs in Ghana and Nepal WaterAid Men dig a trench and lay pipes through compacted sewage, earth and rubbish in Prince Consort House Hassanpura, Faisalabad. 27-29 Albert Embankment London SE1 7UB Telephone: +44 (0)20 7793 4500 Fax: +44 (0)20 7793 4545 Website: www.wateraid.org.uk Charity Reg No 288701 Published by WaterAid London June 2001 All rights reserved. Cover Photo: WaterAid/Caroline Penn 2 From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model A WaterAid Report TAJIKISTAN CHINA Written by Akbar Zaidi Edited by Eric Gutierrez and Virginia Roaf Mingora June 2001 Rawalpindi AFGHANISTAN Faisalabad ➛ 0 150 300 Kms N Multan Contents Lodhran Uch INDIA Introduction 4 PAKISTAN OPP Principles of Good Practice 8 Karachi IRAN Problems of Replication 13 OPP – The Wider Impact 16 Conclusion 19 List of Acronyms and Terms 21 Bibliography 22 Acknowledgements 23 Boxes and Tables Akhtar Hameed Khan and the OPP’s Growing Influence 12 The Anjuman Samaji Behbood (ASB) Experience in Faisalabad 15 3 From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model Introduction In 1994, WaterAid started a had radically changed the Orangi education. By 1988, four relationship with one of Pakistan’s settlement. Gone were the murky, autonomous institutions were in most influential non-governmental stinking open sewers that place to manage the OPP’s organisations (NGO) and perhaps crisscrossed the settlement and expanding concerns. The main the world’s best-known non- which posed considerable health OPP Research and Training governmental project in the large- and physical hazards to its Institute (OPP-RTI) took charge of scale provision of sanitation for the residents. Mobility improved the Low Cost Sanitation urban poor – the Orangi Pilot within the community both for Programme and the Education Project (OPP). This relationship goods and human traffic, boosting Programme. The Orangi was primarily aimed at learning home-based enterprises and small- Charitable Trust (OCT) ran the lessons from the ‘OPP experience,’ scale trading. Infant mortality rate Family Enterprise Economic and in funding projects to replicate fell from 130 per thousand live Programme that provided cheap this process inside and outside births in 1982 to 37 per thousand in and readily accessible credit. The Pakistan. Five years later, as 1991, which was far faster than it Karachi Health and Social WaterAid was to carry out some had fallen in Karachi or the rest of Development Association form of assessment of this funding, Pakistan.(Badshah, 1996: 49; and it received a proposal for a broader Reed and Vines, 1992a:19)4 The 1 The proposal was submitted by the OPP study on the impact of the OPP.1 availability of cleaner and extended and the London-based International Wishing to contribute to an space in front of houses had a Institute for Environment and Development independent critical assessment of significant social and recreational (IIED) in early 1999. the OPP, WaterAid funded the impact as well. New and relatively 2 Karachi is Pakistan’s economic centre with broader study, from which this safer play areas for children a total population of over 9 million 5 abbreviated report is derived. emerged. Women were able to residents. move around more freely and be The OPP started in 1980 in the 3 It is not very clear by how much the OPP visited by friends and relatives, depressed and crowded Orangi low-cost sanitation model is cheaper than leading some to comment that it settlement, one of Karachi’s2 most other alternatives because of difficulties in improved marriage prospects for blighted districts and its largest comparison. However, some studies have young women.6 Such success has katchi abadi with a population of 1.2 shown that sewer construction in Orangi naturally drawn attention from the million. Led by the renowned Dr are one-seventh the cost compared to those world over. The OPP experience is, Akhtar Hameed Khan (see box constructed by the Karachi Metropolitan in WaterAid and many other Corporation (KMC) due to the p.12), the OPP evolved in just a few development agencies’ view, a simplification of the technical design and years to be a remarkable self- most impressive demonstration of the elimination of middlemen, contractors funded, self-administered and self- just how much urban poor and the pay-off to professionals like maintained grassroots movement communities can contribute to the engineers. (Siddiqui and Rashid, 1997). relying on nothing more than the development of quite complex 4 The improvement in infant mortality rates resources and skills of its urban large-scale infrastructure projects. can be attributed to many factors, including poor constituents using local It also presented a challenge to reduction of solid wastes, the reduction of materials and labour in building dominant development paradigms children defecating in the streets, etc. But hundreds of kilometres of that are too technical, too reliant on most observers and official sources agree extremely low-cost underground government and donor support, that the most important factor is the sewers.3 By April 2001 these had construction of underground sewers. and which generally treated poor benefited 92,184 families in 6,134 communities as simply the objects 5 In the Manzoor Colony where an 8-12 foot lanes, representing almost 90% of of, rather than the central force of wide concrete case was built on a 2050-foot the entire settlement. There have nala local enthusiasts acquired a continuous development. also been 409 collector sewers built, cricket pitch. and collectively the community Over time, the OPP expanded 6 It is customary in Pakistani society for the have invested Rs. 82.141 million beyond sanitation provision to potential husband’s parents and elders to (£924,000) in their sewerage cover programmes for health, visit the house of their prospective system. By the late 1980s, the OPP credit, low-cost housing and daughter-in-law. 4 From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model WaterAid/Caroline Penn WaterAid/Caroline (KHASDA) implemented the Health Programme. And finally there was the OPP Society that administered funding from the Infaq Foundation, a Pakistani charity, for the OPP organisations. The OPP, however, was as controversial as it was popular. Despite its ostensible success and tremendous potential, the ‘OPP experience’ was perceived not to be replicable on any serious scale outside of Karachi. It faced a number of critics – from government, the international donor community, as well as Pakistani NGOs – who posed a wide array of arguments that downplayed and sometimes denied outright the OPP’s claims to success. There were critics who pointed out that the OPP experience was specific to Orangi. Orangi has a natural slope, which made secondary sewer lanes and collection points dispensable to a certain extent. Had Orangi been on flat terrain, the project may have had to rely on government and donor support from the outset. Furthermore, most Orangi Children cross over the sewage flow in Mansoor colony, Karachi. householders were acknowledged owner-occupiers, who had more community and government was criticism of NGOs that thrive on incentive and security of tenure its firm, resolute and active foreign funding which, as a result, than renters or squatters to invest rejection of any form of subsidies reinforces development paradigms their hard-earned income in sewer or funding for what it termed as that depend on complex, technical construction. Others say that the internal7 development work for inputs from highly-paid OPP was too ‘Dr Khan-centred’, poor communities. The OPP consultants and organisations and reliant on his involvement. stressed that the responsibility to rather than rely on what is Government engineers and fund the internal component rests available from communities. The industry professionals initially solely with the community. It OPP has in fact developed a doubted the quality and technical believes that government or donor reputation for taking on and standards of the OPP-facilitated money, when used for internal challenging even international sewer lines. Some critics look at development, is a corrupting donor organisations. It called the sustainability, arguing that OPP- system that undermines the initiated community organisations indigenous and self-motivated created through this process do not 7 The OPP used the term internal to refer to initiatives of communities. They actively continue once construction any form of development work that the condemned NGOs that readily work has been completed. people, communities, and lanes are accept donor money as contractors supposed to do, while external refers to the But perhaps the main point that who make a business out of responsibility of government. This is brought the OPP into conflict with development work. The OPP discussed in the following section of this a number of NGOs, the donor became known for its consistent report. 5 From the Lane to the City: The Impact of the Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model Urban Basic Services (UBS) Most of the many materials on the longer-term and relatively more programme – nominated by the OPP are documentation assembled objective perspective.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Butcher, W. Scott
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project WILLIAM SCOTT BUTCHER Interviewed by: David Reuther Initial interview date: December 23, 2010 Copyright 2015 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Dayton, Ohio, December 12, 1942 Stamp collecting and reading Inspiring high school teacher Cincinnati World Affairs Council BA in Government-Foreign Affairs Oxford, Ohio, Miami University 1960–1964 Participated in student government Modest awareness of Vietnam Beginning of civil rights awareness MA in International Affairs John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies 1964–1966 Entered the Foreign Service May 1965 Took the written exam Cincinnati, September 1963 Took the oral examination Columbus, November 1963 Took leave of absence to finish Johns Hopkins program Entered 73rd A-100 Class June 1966 Rangoon, Burma, Country—Rotational Officer 1967-1969 Burmese language training Traveling to Burma, being introduced to Asian sights and sounds Duties as General Services Officer Duties as Consular Officer Burmese anti-Indian immigration policies Anti-Chinese riots Ambassador Henry Byroade Comment on condition of embassy building Staff recreation Benefits of a small embassy 1 Major Japanese presence Comparing ambassadors Byroade and Hummel Dhaka, Pakistan—Political Officer 1969-1971 Traveling to Consulate General Dhaka Political duties and mission staff Comment on condition of embassy building USG focus was humanitarian and economic development Official and unofficial travels and colleagues November
    [Show full text]
  • Social Entrepreneurship – Creating Value for the Society Dr
    Prabadevi M. N., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume3, Issue2) Available online at www.ijariit.com Social Entrepreneurship – Creating Value for the Society Dr. M. N. Prabadevi SRM University [email protected] Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is the use of the techniques by start-up companies and other entrepreneurs to develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Social Entrepreneurship is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems. Conventional entrepreneurs typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector. At times, profit also may be a consideration for certain companies or other social enterprises. Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship, Values, Society. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Defining social entrepreneurship Social entrepreneurship refers to the practice of combining innovation, resourcefulness, and opportunity to address critical social and environmental challenges. Social entrepreneurs focus on transforming systems and practices that are the root causes of poverty, marginalization, environmental deterioration and accompanying the loss of human dignity. In so doing, they may set up for-profit or not-for-profit organizations, and in either case, their primary objective is to create sustainable systems change. The key concepts of social entrepreneurship are innovation, market orientation and systems change. 1.2 Who are Social Entrepreneurs? A social entrepreneur is a society’s change agent: pioneer of innovations that benefit humanity Social entrepreneurs are drivers of change.
    [Show full text]
  • Mike Davis, Planet of Slums
    - Planet of Slums • MIKE DAVIS VERSO London • New York formy dar/in) Raisin First published by Verso 2006 © Mike Davis 2006 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 357910 864 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F OEG USA: 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014 -4606 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN 1-84467-022-8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Typeset in Garamond by Andrea Stimpson Printed in the USA Slum, semi-slum, and superslum ... to this has come the evolution of cities. Patrick Geddes1 1 Quoted in Lev.isMumford, The City inHistory: Its Onj,ins,Its Transf ormations, and Its Prospects, New Yo rk 1961, p. 464. Contents 1. The Urban Climacteric 1 2. The Prevalence of Slums 20 3. The Treason of the State 50 4. Illusions of Self-Help 70 5. Haussmann in the Tropics 95 6. Slum Ecology 121 .7. SAPing the Third World 151 ·8. A Surplus Humanity? 174 Epilogue: Down Vietnam Street 199 Acknowledgments 207 Index 209 1 The U rhan Climacteric We live in the age of the city. The city is everything to us - it consumes us, and for that reason we glorify it. Onookome Okomel Sometime in the next year or two, a woman will give birth in the Lagos slum of Ajegunle, a young man will flee his viJlage in west Java for the bright lights of Jakarta, or a farmer will move his impoverished family into one of Lima's innumerable pueblosjovenes .
    [Show full text]
  • Plan for Irrc in G-15 (Islamabad) Ahkmt-E-Guard Initiative
    INTEGRATED RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE G/15 ISLAMABAD Recycining center Dhaka Bangladesh Presented By Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan Memorial Trust PLAN FOR IRRC IN G-15 (ISLAMABAD) AHKMT-E-GUARD INITIATIVE JKCHS Plan for IRRC Private Initiative 1.5 Kanal land by JKCHS Total 4600 plots 3-5 ton capacity IRRC 2200 HH are residing now UN-Habitat and UNESCAP Secondary collection system provided financial support was not available and waste concern and CCD provided technical support for AHKMT the IRRC Primary collection service is providing to almost 1500 hh through mutual agreement Primary collection will be extended gradually within 5 years PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS SITUATION IN ISLAMABAD As per survey in 2014 total population is 1.67 million and waste amount was 800 tons p/day Landfill site is still required Secondary collection and waste transportation requires huge funds Recyclables and organic material is not being utilized Mostly Housing societies of Zone II and Zone V have not proper waste collection and disposal system Present Situation Mixed Waste Waste Bins Demountable Transfer Containers Stations Landfill PROBLEMS Water Pollution Spread of Disease Vectors Green House Gas Emission Odor Pollution More Land Required for Landfill What is Integrated Resource Recovery Center (IRRC)? IRRC is a facility where significant portion (80-90%) of waste can be composted/recycled and processed in a cost effective way near the source of generation in a decentralized manner. IRRC is based on 3 R Principle. Capacity of IRRC varies from 2 to
    [Show full text]
  • Services for the Urban Poor a People-Centred Approach by George Mcrobie
    Services for the Urban Poor A People-centred Approach by George McRobie George McRobie was educated in Scotland. At the age Contents of 17 he began to work in the coal mines. He studied as an evening student and earned a degree at London Preface 4 School of Economics in his 20s. In 1956 he became assistant to E.F. Schumacher, then Acknowledgements 4 Economic Adviser to the National Coal Board, and 10 1 Introduction 4 years later helped him form the Intermediate Technol- Problem 4 ogy Group in London. He left the Coal Board to work Method 5 on small industry development in India, and during his Organization of the Report 5 three years there, started the Appropriate Technology Development Association of India. In 1968 he returned 2 General Considerations 5 to London as an executive Director of the Intermediate The Urban Poor and Health 5 Technology Group. On Schumacher’s death in 1977, Different Strategies for Providing Services 6 McRobie became Chairman of the Group and published Appropriate Technologies for Service Provision 7 Small is Possible, a sequel to Schumacher’s Small is Water Supply 7 Beautiful. Sanitation 8 He has worked for many years as a consultant on ap- Household Garbage 10 propriate technology and rural development in Africa, Costs of Service Options 11 Asia and Latin America. He serves on the governing bodies of Intermediate Technology, the India Develop- 3 Recommendations 12 ment Group, the New Economics Foundation and the Community Involvement and the Role of Soil Association, and two non-profit companies promot- Government 12 ing appropriate technologies in Europe and the Third Design of a Community-Based Programme 13 World, Technology Exchange and the Bureau of Knowl- Implementation of a Community- edge and Finance.
    [Show full text]
  • New Oxford Social Studies for Paksitan
    NEW OXFORD SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHING GUIDE FOR PAKISTAN 3 FOURTH EDITION 5 Introduction The New Oxford Social Studies for Pakistan Fourth Edition has been revised and updated both in terms of text, illustrations, and sequence of chapters, as well as alignment to the National Curriculum of Pakistan 2006. The lessons have been grouped thematically under unit headings. The teaching guides have been redesigned to assist teachers to plan their lessons as per their class needs. Key Learning: at the beginning of each lesson provides an outline of what would be covered during the course of the lesson. Background information: is for teachers to gain knowledge about the topics in each lesson. Lesson plans provide a step-by-step guidance with clearly defined outcomes. Duration of each lesson plan is 40 minutes; however, this is flexible and teachers are encouraged to modify the duration as per their requirements. If required, teachers can utilise two periods for a single lesson plan. Outcomes identify what the students will know and be able to do by the end of the lesson. Resources are materials required in the lesson. Teachers are encouraged to arrange the required materials beforehand. In case students are to bring materials from their homes, they should be informed well ahead of time. Introduction of the lesson plan, sets forth the purpose of the lesson. In case of a new lesson, the teacher would give a brief background of the topic; while for subsequent lessons, the teacher would summarise or ask students to recap what they learnt in the previous lesson. The idea is to create a sense of anticipation in the students of what they are going to learn.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Urban Poverty: Setting the Agenda
    GLOBAL URBAN POVER Comparative Urban Studies Project GLOBAL URBAN POVERTY SETTING THE AGENDA TY : SETTING THE AGENDA CONTRIBUTORS Victor Barbiero, Anne Line Dalsgaard, Diane Davis, Edesio Fernandes, Karen Tranberg Hansen, Arif Hasan, Loren B. Landau, Gordon McGranahan, Diana Mitlin, Richard Stren, Karen Valentin, Vanessa Watson This publication is made possible through support provided by the Urban Programs Team of the Office of Poverty Reduction in the Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of the Cooperative Agreement No. GEW-A-00-02-00023-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the Woodrow Wilson Center. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Comparative Urban Studies Program Edited by ALLISON M. GARLAND, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20004 Tel. (202) 691-4000 Fax (202) 691-4001 MEJGAN MASSOUMI www.wilsoncenter.org and BLAIR A. RUBLE GLOBAL URBAN POVERTY: SETTING THE AGENDA Edited by Allison M. Garland, Mejgan Massoumi and Blair A. Ruble WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and col- laboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Goodbye Class of 2018 Vardah Qazi, 9B German Teachers Conference
    A student publication of Summer Edition The C.A.S. School Vol. 15, Issue # 4: May 2018 Goodbye Class of 2018 Vardah Qazi, 9B Class 6 presentation International football training camp Risa Tohid, 9C Ayesha Bokhari, 6C From 14 to 20 March, Aryan team won a match against Europa On 19 April, students of Class 6 Sulaiman (6A), Yahya Saeed Khan International School, even though it performed the musical, Matilda based (8B) and Ramis Riaz Kamlani (8A) was snowing. We also watched a live on the book by Roald Dahl. The story and I attended an international match of the FC Barcelona team. It is about a girl who loves to read and football training camp in Barcelona, was an unforgettable experience. is born with astonishing intelluctual Spain through the Karachi United abilities and the power of telekinesis. Academy. Students from six schools We were all divided into the cast, of Karachi attended the camp where dancers and the choir, ensuring that we trained with the official coaches everyone was given an opportunity of the FC Barcelona Academy and to participate. The character of played matches against junior football Matilda was played by four different teams. We were able to improve our students. On 18 April we had a dress football skills and learn the rehearsal and performed for our importance of teamwork. The girls’ The annual graduation ceremony for former President of the Student grandparents and siblings. The the Class of 2018 was held on Government, Ayrah Shoaib Khan, rehearsal also helped us prepare for 21 April. The event was attended by delivered her welcome address.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Akhtar Hameed Khan Profile
    MIMAR 34 27 RURAL DEVELOPMENT DR AKHTAR HAMEED KHAN PROFILE <.:l .: ;:i 0.. Z .: > :.: u Z highlight of a recent seminar It was Dr. Khan who pointed out the houses built on two sides of a road - the for journalists was a meeting, floods were not caused by rain, but rather basic unit of social organization. Each A in Karachi, with Dr. Akhtar by the breakdown of the feudal system lane, in effect, became a co-operative led Hameed Khan. The setting whose institutions had ensured the by two elected lane managers responsible was Orangi Township, part of a vast drainage system was maintained. for applying to the OPP for advice, unauthorized settlement, where Dr. Khan Furthermore, he argued, the state couldn't collecting money, calling meetings, runs the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) - a function as a feudal system. The only organizing labour. The lane unit was small brilliant, grass-roots, self-help programme solution lay in organizing the peasants, enough to allow for making community predicated on the conviction that no thereby creating new institutions to contacts, and to circumvent local change is possible without social change. replace the old. This led to his councillors whose administrative unit is Announced as a cultural hybrid, he talked involvement in rural development, and the the neighbourhood or sector. about his life and times, occasionally formation of the Comilla Academy. Dr. quoting Aristotle and St. Augustine, Khan put it very simply: "God made me "Here is a new pattern," said Dr. Khan. punctuating his conversation with contemplative. I insist on action, not just "For the first time, poor people are being summary bullets: "People like me, today, contemplation." guided by highly qualified people.
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Land Controls, a Case of Karachi-Pakistan
    Informal Land Controls, A Case of Karachi-Pakistan. This Thesis is Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Saeed Ud Din Ahmed School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University June 2016 DECLARATION This work has not been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Signed ………………………………………………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… i | P a g e STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of …………………………(insert MCh, MD, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ………………………………………………………………………..………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. The views expressed are my own. Signed …………………………………………………………….…………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ……………………………………………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 4: PREVIOUSLY APPROVED BAR ON ACCESS I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loans after expiry of a bar on access previously approved by the Academic Standards & Quality Committee. Signed …………………………………………………….……………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… ii | P a g e iii | P a g e Acknowledgement The fruition of this thesis, theoretically a solitary contribution, is indebted to many individuals and institutions for their kind contributions, guidance and support. NED University of Engineering and Technology, my alma mater and employer, for financing this study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Microfinance Illusion Milford Bateman
    ‘Why Doesn’t Microfinance Work? The Destructive Rise of Local Neoliberalism’ Milford Bateman Research Fellow, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London Book launch presentation ODI London July 5th, 2010 The birth of Microfinance [MF] in late 1970s Bangladesh… • Long history of small-scale credit in India, Pakistan and then Bangladesh – Akhtar Hameed Khan’s ‘Comilla model’ • In late 1970s Dr Muhammad Yunus sees microcredit examples and develops his own model - pitches it to the donor community • Grameen Bank formally established in 1983 to lend to the poor for income-generating activities (IGAs) • ‘Poverty will be eradicated in a generation (and) our children will have to go to a “poverty museum” to see what all the fuss was about…’ • International donors love the non-state, self-help, fiscally responsible, and individual entrepreneurship angles • Supposedly high repayment rates in Grameen Bank (much exaggeration later found) mean the poor seen as ‘bankable’ Washington DC institutions insist on a few changes… • In 1980s policymakers in World Bank and US government pushing the mantra of ‘full cost recovery’ • Hard-line belief is that the poor must pay the FULL costs of any program ostensibly designed to help them • MF to be no exception….MF is neoliberalised... • CGAP and USAID appointed to take lead in imposing the ‘New Wave’ MF model that replaces the Grameen Bank as ‘preferred practise’ • Key methodology to impose high interest rates and Wall Street-style rewards (high salaries, bonuses, share options) which should lead to maximum efficiency But by late 2000’s MF begins to run into a host of problems • By early 2000s MF increasingly becomes clear that MF ‘all talk and no walk’ - poverty not actually seen to be reduced anywhere • More scope to critically analyse what accomplishments have really been made....
    [Show full text]
  • A Participatory Model for Low-Cost Sanitation
    The Lodhran Pilot Project Implementation Toolkit A Participatory Model for Low-Cost Sanitation The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) December 2009 is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services Toolkit DISCLAIMER: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) reports are published to communicate the results of WSP’s work to the development community. Some sources cited may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations, or to members of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to [email protected]. WSP encourages the dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For more information, please visit www.wsp.org. The Lodhran Pilot Project Implementation Toolkit A Participatory Model for Low-Cost Sanitation Contents Preface 5 Acronyms
    [Show full text]