Agriculture and Horticulture of Kashkadarya Oasis
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International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2643-9603 Vol. 5 Issue 2, February - 2021, Pages: 100-102 Agriculture And Horticulture Of Kashkadarya Oasis: Traditional And Modernism Ravshan Kuyliev1 and I.I.Abdullaev2 1Teacher of the department "Archeology" National University of Uzbekistan 2Teacher of the department "Social Sciences and Law" UzSWLU Abstract: This article XX century Kashkadarya oasis have the economic life of the population of the importance of horticulture and agriculture, improving process analysis. Farming in Uzbekistan in the past, brass period. Types and characteristics of agriculture are related to natural- geographical and climatic conditions. According to the farms in the valley and the river developed. Keywords: Kashkadarya, valley, Central Asia, irrigation system, culture and lifestyle, Dehkanabad. I. Introduction. 3. The steppe is divided into agricultural and In the Kashkadarya oasis, as in other Central Asian pastoral areas [4] . nations, the Uzbeks built ancestral irrigated and non- The first area includes Kitab and Shakhrisabz irrigated farming traditions, powerful irrigation districts of Kashkadarya region, the majority of which have facilities; creation of head distributors and water-lifting long been engaged in irrigated agriculture, the devices, diversification of field irrigation - second part includes residents of Yakkabag and Dehkanabad different methods, different types of agro-techniques. districts. Third arriving in the region Chirakchi, safe, Karshi- Zarafshan, Kashkadarya, Syrdarya and Guzar, professional and other areas, laundry name . The Amudarya located in the vicinity of agriculture to withdrawal of water from the Amudarya led to the entertain. Shakhrisabz district, including water areas in 1989 development of the Karshi desert and the transformation of - the year following growing products: 1500 hectars , 11 the population into obedient farmers and gardeners, the thousand tons of vegetables and melons, cotton, 457 tons active assimilation of various ethnic groups and of various fruits, 1,300 tons of grapes were grown. groups. After the settlement of the population engaged in Depending on what is planted in the ground, it is animal husbandry in the past, not only the economic plowed 1-2 times, 4-5 times. In order to have situation, but also the material and spiritual culture of the an abundant harvest in the oasis areas, grain sowing has lifestyle will change radically. Area 18.2% of irrigated land become a tradition on Wednesday. 4-5 pounds of tax was in the mountainous and foothills area, consisting of 20.5% levied on 50 pounds of grain at the expense of the and the rest is pasture - deserts. However, in the 60s and 80s state. During the Emir of other property and pay [1]. of the XX century, millions of hectares of new lands in " Qoratut " Shahrizabs district specializing in Uzbekistan were developed and turned into agricultural agriculture every year, one of the village of 4,200 tons of lands. After he found z thousands of new families live in the grapes, 820 tons of fruit produced 460 tons of milk and other desert steppes of new settlements. products. But the cold of winter fruit , livestock products The traditions and practices of farming have been not the many years [2] . passed down from generation to generation. The presence of Mongolian, Datura seeds Arabsoy villages of 50- 7- precipitation and hot climate led to the creation of complex 8 family lived in the early recovery. systemic irrigation facilities in the Kashkadarya It was the post-war years, the semi-nomadic oasis [5] . It is famous for its Khorezm, Chigir, Nurata population accelerated [3]. melons and Syrdarya. Therefore, agriculture is studied in II. Main part. relation to irrigation structures. Population farming , Placing the culture and lifestyle of the population of gardening, nutrition settled among the population as a result water resources, natural plants, underground and surface of ethnocultural contact their development. Groups of people sources, due to the structure. Types of economic cultures are who have been pastoralists in the settled past learn farming determined not only by the environment, but also by the practices from the locals. level of socio-economic development of certain ethnic According to ethnologist U.S. Abdullayev, the groups. development of livestock farms and husbandman and The territory of the Republic, including the handicraft farms was impossible without interaction [6] . Kashkadarya oasis, can be divided into three economic and Interaction of agriculture and animal husbandry: cultural types on the basis of scientific literature. - leads to the rise of ethnic relations, consolidation, 1. Irrigated agriculture; assimilation, integration. 2. Mountain and foothill farming along with - ensures the specialization of sedentary, semi- horticulture and animal husbandry; nomadic and nomadic economy in a particular direction, the formation of life and new traditions. Call the Kashkadarya www.ijeais.org/ijaar 100 International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2643-9603 Vol. 5 Issue 2, February - 2021, Pages: 100-102 oasis mangit, kenegas, qarluq, turkish, ethnic groups of the twentieth century, the population and the resulting remained to maintain the traditions of their livestock at the increase in the number of irrigated land increase in the beginning of the twentieth century [7] . demand for products and livestock livelihoods in the past Irrigated agriculture is called “obikor”, non- part of a growing process and other ordinary l symbols to irrigated lands or spring by the locals as irrigated land, influence land use patterns. branch or in Tajik term. Water shortages were felt in the Lower The land used is also divided into parts of the field, Kashkadarya oasis, as in many other regions. To get rid of open garden and melon (life, reserve garden), which make water shortages, agricultural products were grown using up the majority of crops. The locals call the fields outside the springs, ponds and small mountain rivers. In the foothills, village fields. Non-irrigated lands are divided into hilly and ponds have been built and the collected water is distributed mountainous types depending on their geographical location. to farm plots in turn. Information about locked pools can In the past, it took a lot of work to build irrigation be found in the research of academician K. structures and keep them in order . In particular, in 1939, the Shoniyazov [13] . construction of the Fergana Canal attracted hundreds of Older people start plowing the land and then bless thousands of people, and only from the second half of the the neighbors. Over the past ten years, this superstition twentieth century began the construction of large irrigation began to disappear [14]. facilities with special state organizations and equipment. The In wet areas, wheat barley is watered 5 to 6 times. A Himoran and Talimarjan reservoirs built in the Kashkadarya handful of grain was taken to the right month and given to oasis do not reflect the flow of water from the Amudarya to the poorest family in the village. As the donkey was used, 3 - the Karshi main canal in our historical traditions [8] . 4 hundredweight land of wheat or barley was given and the Some researchers divide high-altitude irrigated remaining grain became. Finally, the hay is cleaned. After agriculture into a separate field. This is due to the fact that in the grain is completely removed, 2 to 3 kilos of grain are mountainous conditions, irrigation facilities are smaller in sprinkled on the birds and animals. size than in oases [9]. Population growth, the specific results of the In mountainous conditions, the use of river and Oasis surveyed every inch of land, effective use of liters river water is widely used. In the literature, this type of of Bayonne. Even on uncultivated, finally steep mountain farming is also called spring farming. slopes, people are planting vegetables in small areas, Use of crop farms to obtain a good harvest in some cultivating poplars , and planting fruit trees . mountainous villages that you want 80 - 90 years of the The grain is called the early spring, that is, the twentieth century mountain villages hammer to release period after the grass freezes. Then began the period of dozens of looks. In particular, in Gilan and other villages rebellion, in which everyone came out and bowed their where 60% of the land is inaccessible to tractors, there were heads. It is the flowering period of wheat. dozens of animals that were added to the plow on state- Millet and flax play an important role in the life of owned farms. How to use them studio's film "Gilan" we see the population. Millet , flax second half of June. Yield a a documentary film. maximum of 6 - 8 hundredweight. Flax was of great The main tools of agriculture were plows, hoes, importance in the economy of the population . He was sickles, sickles and so on. If we consider the iron plug as a given cattle and straw. Oasis villages 3 and 4 woman of 10 relatively modern tool of labor, in 1913 an average of 800 kilograms of flax seed oil 2,5-2,8 kg. farms had one plug [10]. In Kashkadarya, flax was traditionally grown until According to archeological data was used the 1960s. In agriculture, n oats are also planted. Adas in Khorezm from the IV-VI centuries. This is a universal (Tajik-style) used instead legumes, lentils pea sprouts after instrument of labor is so versatile perfect future generations, irrigation. it is made of recycled household and farming to be the most E refractive watered three times, smeared with useful instrument of labor. fresh water, the beginning of the second, third, cooking in A unique form of irrigated agriculture in advance. Xokobi after the first hearing, on the other[15]. Uzbekistan is the widespread use of land-water III.Conclusion. neighborhood communities [11] . In the Kashkadarya oasis it The developed lands in the foothills of the hill are was called Paykal.