Introduction to Holistic Aromatherapy NCBTMB & NAHA Approved Level 1 Certification Course

Rosenborg Palace Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark

Instructor: Jennifer Hochell Pressimone, Certified Clinical Phyto-Aromatherapist, T.SPE

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Introduction to Holistic Aromatherapy NCBTMB & NAHA Approved Level 1 Certification Course

All the course material was researched, compiled, written and edited by Jennifer Hochell Pressimone. Material was first introduced in 2005 with annual edits that include updated industry information to provide the most current and up-to-date education of current practices with a connection to the aromatherapy history and foundation established by our aromatherapy ancestors. The course content shared is a compilation of the education, research and personal experience of Jennifer. She is a gifted teacher and is honored you have chosen to study with her. She not only provides great mentorship, but also intuitive insight for personal and professional health, wellness and growth.

Copyrighted© 2005, Jennifer Pressimone All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, displayed, published, sold, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of JennScents®, Inc.

Published by: JennScents®, Inc., Clermont, FL First Printing in the United States of America First Printing 2005 Latest Printing 2017

Disclaimer: The statements made in this course have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Information provided is for education purposes only and not intended to be used to treat, diagnose, cure or prescribe. It is recommended that you consult a qualified health care provider before beginning any natural health regimen, especially if you currently experiencing serious or chronic health conditions. The author does not assume any liability for direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special consequential damages, to property or life, whatsoever arising out of or connected with the use or misuse of the information provided.

JennScents® Aromatherapy Certification Course Level 1 - Introduction to Holistic Aromatherapy Student Guide

Congratulations on making the decision to further your education about aromatherapy and how it can improve the quality of your life and others.

The course is designed to help you establish a solid foundation for your aromatherapy educational journey and practice. Its purpose is to prepare students to confidently, effectively and skillfully create, use and apply essential oils for a variety of uses and applications in various settings. You will gain knowledge in aromatherapy history, safety, quality, application methods, carrier oil bases and their uses, blending techniques, tips and 25 common essential oil profiles. For enhanced learning, it is recommended that you use a note card or notebook system to track and file reference material, specific notes, research findings, client information and your specific recipes and formulations for future use.

To obtain certification for this course you will need to set up an account at www.JennScents.com. Each time you purchase a course, it will be added to your account profile. Each assignment, case studies and reports, when prompted during your online lessons, must be uploaded and submitted with typed (12 font).

Courses may not be shared for certification purposes. Only one certification will be awarded per purchased course. Each student must register for their own account that will assist the Education Department in tracking courses, course completion and certification completion.

To receive credit for course completion, students must achieve at least an 85% on all coursework, quizzes and final exam. Incomplete work and inaccurate assignments will not be approved until all requirements are met.

You will have three (3) months from the date of purchase to complete and submit all required coursework for certification. Extensions may be requested for extenuating circumstances.

We wish you the best on your aromatic journey and look forward to educating and mentoring you along the way. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us via the online Q&A chat area or via email at [email protected].

This course will require you to practice with 100% pure essential oils and botanical carriers (i.e. aloe vera gel, almond oil, coconut oil, lotion base, Epsom salt, distilled water, plant enzymes, castile soap). You will also need some additional supplies such as bottles (spray, flip top or treatment pump), jars, roll-ons, funnel, label material, measuring utensils (spatula, spoon, popsicle sticks), mixing bowls and pipettes or droppers. JennScents offers special supply packages at our online store – www.JennScents.com. 3

To comply with the NAHA Level I guidelines, the following assignments are required and will be uploaded and submitted during this course:

• 5-10 page book report on a book listed in the Approved Book Reference Section

• 10 Case Studies (Case Study Intake form available under the References tab and included in the Assignment Lesson)

• Level I Final Exam completion with an 85% or higher

I recommend my JennScents Holistic Aromatherapy Comprehensive Guide as a reference and text book. It includes all of the information from this course and other JennScents Institute courses, with scientific references and up-to-date education, formulation and blending techniques, recipes and reference charts.

The "10,000 hour Rule" - Did you know there is science showing that practicing a single task for 10,000 hours or more can help you achieve a genius level in that task? During this time, it is not necessarily about "mechanically" repeating yourself, like a robot, but adjusting and fine-tuning your task execution to improve your skillset that reaches a level of "perfection" (source). Although in aromatherapy, perfection is an adjective rather than a noun, it can help you strive to be the best you can be at blending and sharing aromatherapy. As with anything, it is about the quality you put into something, rather than the quantity. However, if you put quantity hours into your aromatherapy education using quality attention, commitment dedication and precision, you can become a Master Aromatherapy Blender.

Introduction to Holistic Aromatherapy Course Outline Lesson 1: Course Introduction Lesson 2: Aromatherapy History I Lesson 3: Understanding Aromatherapy: Characteristics & Benefits Lesson 4: Olfaction & The Limbic system Lesson 5: Safety Guidelines & Ethics Lesson 6: Quality Measures I Lesson 7: Introduction to Aromatic Chemistry I Lesson 8: Essential Oil Profiles 1. Lavandula angustifolia 14. Rosemarinus officinalis 2. Anthemis nobilis; Chamaemelum nobile 15. Salvia sclarea 3. Citrus bergamia 16. Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata 4. Cymbopogon martinii 17. Pinus sylvestris 5. Mentha x piperita 18. Pogostemon cablin 6. Citrus limon 19. Cymbopogon nardus 7. Eucalyptus globulus 20. Juniperus communis 8. Melaleuca alternifolia 21. Cinnamomum camphora 9. Commiphora myrrha 22. Cupressus semperviens 10. Cinnamomum zeylancium 23. Boswellia carterii 11. Canaga odorata 24. Santalum album 12. Pelargonium graveolens 25. Aniba rosaeodora 13. Rosa damascena 26. Aquilaria sp. agarwood

Lesson 9: Carrier Oil Profiles • Almond oil • Grapeseed oil • Aloe Vera • Jojoba oil • Apricot oil • Olive oil • Avocado • Plant enzymes, liquid • Black ointment • Sea salt • Golden salve • Coconut oil 5

Lesson 10: Application Methods: Inhalation, Topical & Internal Lesson 11: Art of Blending • Top, Middle & Base Notes and Aromatic Intensity • Dilution Ratios Lesson 12: Final Blend Creation Assignment Course Assignment 1: Case Studies Course Assignment 2: Book Report

* The JennScents® Aromatherapy Certification Courses have been designed to encompass the guidelines of the National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA.org). NAHA is the leader in education and resources for the Aromatherapy field and have strict guidelines for the aromatherapy schools they approve. JennScents® courses include essential oil profiles. Depending on the course there may be some essential oils mentioned in the audio-video but may not have a profile in the particular course and vice versa. These essential oil profiles are required by NAHA and allow you to gain hands on training by creating your own profile for these oils.

Course Housekeeping

• Be present • Organize your workspace. Clear out any clutter. Create room to spread out your workbook, reference books and notepad (to take notes). • Minimize distractions during your "classroom" time. Place your phone on silent, if possible. You can give yourself "phone breaks" in between lessons. • Smelling support - keep a jar of coffee beans near, to help you clear your nose in between scents. This will help you take in all of the notes of a single essential oil, without any lingering notes of the essential oil you smelled prior. • If you get too overwhelmed smelling the various essential oil scents, step outside of the room, or house to take in some fresh air. • Complete your assignments in a timely manner. • Contact us at [email protected] if you have any questions throughout your studies. • Practice what you learn, often. • Have fun!

Lesson Two: Historical Overview I – Past, Present & Future To engage in true aromatherapy, you first need to learn where it came from. Knowing the aromatic ancestors and pioneers who have paved the way for you to practice aromatherapy as we know it today.

Ancient History – understanding the roots and evolution of botanicals Botanicals were a great treasure in ancient times. Recordings dating back as early as 3000 BC. There is much documentation showing that many cultures used botanical plants for a variety of aromatic and medicinal purposes. Every culture has played some role in using and advancing the use of botanicals

The Egyptians have been noted with describing and using botanicals as medicine for many purposes. It has also been documented that they created a distillation process of botanicals using steam distillation in clay pots. There were drawings on cave walls of how they used botanicals. Some examples are: • Perfumes were used as offerings to their Gods • King Tut’s tomb still had the fragrance of frankincense and rosewood when opened in 1922.

It is unclear who actually “invented” distillation of plant matter. Many give the credit to Avicenna (aka Ibn Sina), a Persian philosopher and scientist, who was known to distill Rosa damascena quite often in the 10th century. He advanced the coil pipe design to allow for better cooling and distillation of plant matter. This process has been enhanced over the years and still used today.

Indian cultures employed botanicals and essential oils for medicine and perfumes. Records have been shown to date back as early as 2500 BC. Sandalwood was a favorite. The oldest form of Indian medicine is known as Ayurveda meaning, “knowledge of longevity” or “science of life”. Aromatics were used as health remedies such as Himalayan Cedar for pulmonary concerns and clove for muscle and nerve atrophy.

Traditional Chinese medicine integrating therapeutic botanicals dates back to 14th–11th centuries BC. They used botanicals and scent medicinally, massage therapy, healing baths, acupuncture, religious ceremonies and in food dishes to bring harmony to our “chi”, or inner vitality. Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon (3700-3100 BP), an ancient Chinese text, is treated as a doctrinal basis for Chinese Medicine and still employed today. TCM has similarities to Ayurveda. They used cardamom for stomach and digestive problem, cinnamon to stop the spread of infection and lemongrass for headaches and rheumatic pain.

Greeks and Romans loved aromatic plants and integrated fragrance into many of their rituals and ceremonies. Historical data dates back to 400BC.

• Greeks laid mint leaves on floors of the temple for scent and rejuvenation. • Nutmeg as a brain tonic and sage as a memory enhancer and for liver issues. • Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-c.90) wrote De Materia Medica, a pharmacopoeia of herbs and medicines • Hippocrates (460-377 BC) widely used medicinally, in massage and daily baths to prolong life. • Other contributors o Aristotle & Theophrastus (371-287 BC) for botanical science writing o Surgeons traveled with army using botanical medicine • Romans wore “laurels” on their head with bay fragrances (hence bay laurel), mint and rosemary to commemorate special occasions and victories in battle.

During the Middle ages (5th-15th century) there was little significant progress and inventions. However, there was continued use of botanical medicine for various health needs.

The Bible has over 100 references to use of botanicals – especially frankincense and myrrh. These two were more prized than gold as gifts to the magi. Coincidently, as of date, these two essential oils have the highest anti-cancerous and anti-tumor properties thus offering incredible healing properties.

European Influence: 14th – 17th century • Plagues: o 17th century Black Plague in Europe killed more than one third of the population. They used walking sticks with hollow tops filled with aromatic plant matter to ward off plague and sickness. o 17th century French plague – doctors used aromatic herbs to disinfect their surroundings and ward off the plague. o Those exposed to essential oils on a regular basis such as perfumers and glove makers, seemed to be immune from the plaque. o The cities in the center of the lavender trade were also spared. It is said that the daily exposure to the antibacterial aromas is what protected the people from the disease. • Paracelsus (1493-1541) revolutionize, and standardize the use medical plants; revived doctrine of signatures • Nicholas Culpepper (1616-1654)

Native American Indians

Euro-American influences

Rene-Maurice Gattefosse (1881-1950), a French scientist, coined the term “aromatherapy”. He wrote L’Aromathérapie in 1937. Coming from a family immersed in the perfume industry, throughout his years, he made many discoveries and contributions 8 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

to the advancement and understanding of aromatherapy. The power of lavender for wound healing, being one of them after he was burned during a laboratory experiment that resulted in an explosion, in 1910. He quickly soaked it in lavender oil and healed with no signs of scarring.

Marguerite Maury (1895 – 1968) was an Austrian biochemist who made contributions to using aromatherapy in skin care and cosmetics.

Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995), was a psychiatrist, military and civilian physician, surgeon and author of The Practice of Aromatherapy. He used essential oils to treat battle wounds of soldiers during World War II when drugs were in short supply. He later successfully treated long-term psychiatric patients with essential oils and weaned them off chemical medicines.

21st Century aromatherapy – Today’s History • Many popular Aromatherapists around the world continue to bring awareness and education to our population today. Robert Tisserand, Gabriel Mojay, Jane Buckle, Jeanne Rose, Sylla Shepard-Hanger, and you. • Annette Davis - Endobiogeny integration of essential oils. Endobiogeny is a system that began development in the early 1970s, now used by physicians in France, Belgium, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Tunisia, the Ivory Coast and Mexico, customized phytotherapies (herbs, tinctures, EO’s, etc.) based on a collaboration of physiology, pathology, developmental biology and various specialties within conventional and natural medicines. It refines the approach to the endocrine system terrain and its role with metabolisms and functions. Annette's Grandmother, Annemarie Buhler (1928-2015) created a huge legacy in the Aromatherapy World. She founded Time Laboratories in 1973 (brought EO’s to US from Switzerland), was the Chairman of the Board of the first American Aromatherapy Association (AATA) founded in 1987, and brought Dr. Jean- Claude Lapraz, a world-renowned clinical Phyto-Aromatherapy pioneer, to the USA from France in 1989, where they later started integrating endobiogeny in the medicine world in 2003 (when we started seeing a stronger presence of holistic integration by MD’s and ND’s) and founded the Phyto-Aromatherapy Institute in 1992. • Jeanne Rose (1937- ), “Grandmother” of botanicals and essential oils. 1990 Invented the name Hydrosol, the watery (non-alcoholic) solution of the first distillation that contains both water-soluble plant components and micro-drops of essential oil (375 Essential Oils and Hydrosols, 1999) • Robert Tisserand – started an aromatherapy oil company in 1974. In 1977, he wrote his first book, Art of Aromatherapy. He continues to share pertinent and scientific education about aromatherapy uses, benefits and safety guidelines. • Gabriel Mojay – emotional and spiritual healing connected with essential oils integrating various cultures (TCM, Ayurveda)

• Dr. Jane Buckle (retired) – enhanced aromatic research studies, medical efficacy and developed the “M” technique, for critical care patients. • Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, founding member of American Aromatherapy Association (1998), Chair of the NAHA Safety Committee, founder of the non- profit charity, United Aromatherapy Effort, Inc (formed after 9/11 tragedy), actively develops and conforms to national standards in education for aromatherapy and is the author of The Aromatherapy Practitioner Correspondence Course and The Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference. • Valerie Cooksley: An Aromatherapy Nurse pioneer for over 30 years. She is co- founder of the Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy, President of Flora Medica and has authored several books. • Kelly Holland-Azzaro: Certified Practitioner in Clinical Aromatherapy for Humans and Animals, Bach Flowers & Reiki, and an LMT who has dedicated over 25 years to advancing aromatherapy practices, awareness and NAHA. Founder of the Holistic Animal Association and multi-magazine contributor. • Jade Shutes: An international Holistic Aromatherapy Practitioner (USA, UK, France) known for her progressive advancements, teaching and research in the aromatherapy industry for over 25 years. • Madeleine Kerkof: Nurse in the Netherlands making huge strides with aromatherapy and palliative care • Cathy Skipper: Born in England but lived in France for over 25 years immersed in farming medicinal plants, teaching herbalism and Aromatic Medicine. • Dr. Florian Birkmayer, M.D. founded the Birkmayer Institute offering holistic person-centered psychiatry and addiction medicine. He is a prominent speaker and teaches workshops on facilitating self-transformation and development integrating aromatherapy and botanical medicine. • Me, and now YOU! • It is a popular practice in Europe, Aisia, Australia, South America, Africa and is becoming more widely spread used in the United States. • A health care facility won the “Best Practices” award from the department of health in 2003 (Aromatherapy Journal, Winter/Spring 2005) after using an aromatherapy protocol to decrease the amount of psychotropic medications needed in Alzheimer’s patients. As a result of this research, a Texas Long-term Care Facility was awarded a grant in 2004 to study the impact of essential oil treatments with patients, in regard to weight, appetite, sleep patterns and fall prevention. Final report/results still pending. • www.PubMed.org is a source for current research studies o Cinnamon and peppermint (used singly or combined) has been shown to increase alertness while driving. o Restaurants are including more essential oils or aromatherapy plant matter such as lavender, thyme and fennel in their culinary dishes to enhance digestion and for an overall pleasant experience. o Athlete performance: Peppermint enhances exercise performance, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517650.

o EO’s being integrated more into mainstream medical practices for its anti- inflammatory, anti-allergenic and immune supporting benefits, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808543/. o Lavender is anxiolytic (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230519), analgesic and anti-inflammatory (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26247152) o Coriander is helpful for anxiety, depression and oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s patients (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747275) o Cosmetics & Personal Care: Essential oils and herbal extracts have higher inhibitory activity and antimicrobial agents in cosmetic emulsions against tested microorganism strains than methylparabens, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24426114. o Food preservation: Chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense (possessing antimicrobial properties), thus an increased interest to replace synthetic preservatives, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265747/.

The Future of Aromatherapy • Increased household usage and food additive integration • Becoming a stronger health care staple – holistic and medical (prescription development) integration in herbal combinations, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. • Increased concerns with sustainability of crops and farms due to overharvesting, improper farming practices, global warming, GMO and excessive adulteration o Scent engineering: more research and development of transgenic oils (man-made in a lab) o Reported by David Crow, Master Herbalist, Aromatherapist, Acupuncturist and leading advocates in botanical medicine states in a 2016 NAHA webinar, that approximately 90% of essential oils in the current marketplace are potentially adulterated to "stretch" the oil thus increasing profits. Much of sandalwood from India is adulterated, close to 60% of lavender (various species) is adulterated and a large amount of the mints are adulterated. o Something most people don't realize is the impact on essential oil crops due to war and weather disasters. These cause damage to crops, affecting the forests, food crops, animals and surrounding nature - chemical exposure, negative energy, climate shifts and trauma. o There are however, thousands of plant species that are untapped and potentially can offer therapeutic properties in the form of an essential oil. More EO’s are being discovered in an effort to combat extinct or endangered species.

Lesson Three: Aromatherapy – Essential Oil Characteristics & Benefits What is aromatherapy? • Increased popularity in household and personal care products. • By definition, it is the use of essential oils to address various physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and environmental concerns. • It is a powerful tool that can alter, shift, adjust, inspire, encourage, evoke, empower and change mood, behavior, responses, reactions and emotion. • Most people use aromatherapy for its scent pleasure, therapeutic or medicinal properties and/or both.

Characteristics of Essential Oils • Essential oils are the liquid form that contain chemical constituents found in aromatic plants, responsible for an oil’s potency and properties, similar to the blood chemistry in humans and pets. They exist for several reasons. They give off oxygen and odor (scent) to: o Protect the plant from invading organisms

o Heal it from injuries and prevent water evaporation (hydration levels)

o Carry nutrients to the cells (food and nutrients)

o Attract certain insect (communication system) and repel others (defense system) o Provide antioxidants with the presence of light (sun energy) o Provide an energy back up system • All 100% pure, unadulterated essential oils are antibacterial. They vary in properties of antiviral, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, etc. • Concentrated extracts are distilled or cold-compressed (citrus) from roots, leaves, flowers, berries, peel, seeds, wood, resins and bark. • Over 500,000 botanical plants that have been identified to date. Many more not explored yet. However, only approximately a few hundred (less than .10%) yield a pure essential oil (https://www.bgci.org/policy/1521/). o Some interesting facts - it takes 100 pounds of lavender flowers to produce 1 pound of the essential oil. o To produce 1 pound of rose essential oil, it takes approximately 8000- 10,000 pounds of handpicked rose petals. That is why pure, unadulterated

or undiluted rose essential oil is much more expensive than lavender essential oil. • Essential oils can be up to 100 times more potent in the properties it delivers than their herb form. This is why additional training is needed when using aromatherapy for therapeutic benefits. Understanding its power, properties, responses and contraindications empower you to be the best aromatherapist you can be for yourself, your family and clients.

Lesson 4: The Limbic System & Olfaction Process Aromatherapy function: How does scent effect our emotions? So, how does aromatherapy work? Our olfaction process is responsible for our sense of smell. Our sense of smell is our strongest sense. • Smelling begins by inhaling through the nose. Our nose is a direct protrusion of the brain and has often been referred to as our external brain. • Our sense of smell is the one place where the nervous system is in direct contact with the external environment. • The aroma vapors travel to the olfactory epithelium (special mucus membrane at the roof of the nasal cavity) where odors penetrate and dissolve into the mucus membrane. It is here they interact with olfactory receptors to detect scent. o 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Richard Axel and Linda Buck for "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/press.html). They showed that over 10,000 odors can be detected by olfactory receptors. • The cilia, hair-like structures at the tips of olfactory nerves, relay information to the olfactory bulb deep into the brain - limbic system. • The scent touches the brain, which tells it how to respond to a situation, such as relax or energize, and recognize and connect to memories. • Scents can trigger an array of emotions, happy and sad, uplifting and relaxing. • The sense of smell even teaches us how to taste hence the connection with weight management.

How does scent effect our emotions? • The limbic system, also referred to as the paleomammalian cortex, is the “oldest”, most primitive part of brain. It is where thinking and analytical development occur, to tell your body how to react to a situation or stimulus. • The only one of our senses to not go through the spinal cord or digestive track for processing. • Essential oils reach the limbic system in less than 1 second via inhalation, within 1-3 seconds with topical application and within 30 minutes to internal organs. Thus, inhalation is the most powerful method of the aromatherapy applications. • Certain oils contain properties that are relaxing and calming (lavender, roman chamomile). This is helpful in times of stress, insomnia and trauma. 14 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

• Other oils contain invigorating properties that are helpful with memory, concentration, alertness, energy enhancement and motivation (peppermint, lemon). • Your body is smart and resilient and will respond to essential oils needed to balance out emotions and mental abilities. It is important to like the smell when first addressing emotional and mental concerns. As you work deeper on an emotional/spiritual level, you may incorporate scents that a person doesn’t like in addition to ones they do like. • When the nasal epithelium is damaged, diminished olfaction or anosmia (no sense of smell) can occur. • When someone has been around a scent for an extended period of time, "fading" can occur, which means the scent dissipates, not being as distinct as when first diffused. This happens when the receptors become saturated and full.

How can aromatherapy help our body? • Essential oils are powerful antioxidants. • It provides immune support to help cells, tissues, organs, muscles and lining stay strong and healthy. • The skin is our largest eliminative organ and is our first line of immune support. An invisible layer above the epidermis, called the acid mantle is responsible for protecting the body from foreign invaders. o This acid mantle may be destroyed by generic antibacterial sanitizers and washes, chemical exposure, germs, viruses, bacteria and other factors. o 100% pure essential oils can strengthen the acid mantle, making is stronger and thicker hence, boosting immune support. o I view essential oils as “CPR for the (dying, oxidized) cells™” and tissues. • The lymphatic system also has an important role in the olfactory process. It helps deliver good nutrients and oxygen to cells, tissues, linings and muscles. When it is congested and stuck, an unhealthy terrain is created, which may lead to a variety of ailments and diseases. This stuckness also hinders neurotransmitters from sending messages which delays or stops the body from responding appropriately. The result is stuck emotions, thoughts and physical ailments. o Essential oils molecules resemble those naturally present in the body so they can make their way into any part of the body, whether it is congested or not. This helps to move stagnant lymph and push out bad debris or waste.

This process helps to boost immunity and increases productivity from all other body systems.

Lesson Five: Safety Guidelines & Ethics There are several safety guidelines you should follow when using aromatherapy. Remember, essential oils can be up to 100 times more potent than its herbal form, so much respect should be given and exercised. The following are general safety guidelines that all should consider, to experience, practice and share aromatherapy in an ethical, authentic and appropriate manner. With knowledge and education, comes responsibility. When assessing contraindications, consider the degree of a sensitivity, severity, health condition and mental state of the person you are using aromatherapy with.

• Keep essential oils out of the reach of children, pets and those with dementia, Alzheimer’s and other cognitive impairments. If a child, pet or adult appears to have drank a spoonful or more of essential oil, contact the nearest poison control unit (often listed in the front of a telephone directory). Keep the bottle for identification and encourage the person to drink whole or 2% milk (a fatty acid substance, not water). Do not try to induce vomiting. • Essential oils are fat soluble, not water soluble, therefore it is best to always dilute essential oils in a carrier or emulsifier before using topically. Some undiluted essential oils may cause skin irritations. Combining essential oils in carrier can help deliver the essential oils deeper within the skin for optimal results. There are exceptions, such as lavender and frankincense, that can be used safely as a neat (direct on the skin) application. However, you should always test batch a small area of skin first (in an inconspicuous area in case there is sensitivity) before applying to a larger area. Neat applications are meant for short term use, to remedy a specific or immediate situation, like an insect bite. • Keep a carrier close by when blending or using essential oils on the skin. If there is an irritation or if it gets into your eyes, you want to dilute it in a fat-soluble base such as olive (or other vegetable) oil, vegenaise, mayonnaise, milk (cow, coconut or almond) or avocado. Do NOT flush it out with water, as this can make it worse. You can add some oil to a cotton round or cloth and blot over the closed lid. • Use caution when working with people with serious health conditions such as heart disease. Have the client contact their physician before integrating any aromatherapy programs to ensure there are no contraindications with care, medications and other health issues. o Avoid "heating oils" with high blood pressure, such as thyme, Rosmarinus officianalis and oregano, as they may increase blood pressure. Ylang ylang is a good source for hypertension and to calm elevated heat in the body (but contraindicated with low blood pressure). o Those taking blood thinners should use caution with essential oils such as cinnamon, sage and hyssop. Blood thinning oils should also be reduced, or caution applied during menses.

o Asthma may be induced by certain essential oils that have such as thyme. Also, do not use steam inhalation as the heat and steam may aggravate the mucosal membranes. o Some oils should be avoided with Epilepsy such fennel, sage, rosemary and hyssop. o As a precaution, those with estrogenic cancers should avoid essential oils with high estrogenic properties such as geranium, rose and clary sage. These essential oils do not contain estrogen, but estrogen mimicking properties. ▪ Use caution when working with people with allergies. A small dilution may be necessary or application on the soles of the feet (non- sweaty), which have thicker skin and larger pores). The soles of the feet, and palms of the hand do not have any hair or sebaceous glands, increasing the absorption rate and higher concentration of oil. • It is impossible to know, or test, every interaction and reaction between every essential oil and every combination of essential oils to determine sensitivities and allergies - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27375057. • Use caution with essential oil exposure during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and high-risk pregnancies. The body is getting used to its new role and hormones are adjusting rapidly. According to the International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists (www.IFPAroma.org), certain essential oils are contraindicated due to the nature of their chemical components, which may be too strong (and unnecessary) for a pregnant client, bearing in mind that the skin and placental barrier are more delicate and sense of smell more heightened. More safety guidelines and information can be found on the Safety Page at www.NAHA.org. The few essential oils I feel comfortable using are lavender, chamomile, frankincense, patchouli, citrus oils and peppermint for nausea in a very small amount. Avoid anti-galactagogues while breast-feeding. • Citrus essential oils are photosensitive or phototoxic. This means that they may cause pigmentation and discoloration to the skin when exposed to direct sunlight (we go into more details in the chemistry section). Therefore, it is recommended to avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds approximately 24-hours after topical application of photosensitizing oils to the skin (NAHA.org). • Test patch essential oils on a small area of the skin (not on the face) before using on a larger area to ensure you will not have a dermal irritation. For example, test on a small part of your arm or leg, before applying all over the body or to the face. If an essential oil causes dermal irritation, apply a small amount of vegetable oil or cream to the area affected and discontinue use of essential oil or product that has caused dermal irritation. • Internal use is a very important topic. One should only consider this application 18 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

when working with a highly trained, professional Aromatherapist. Much education and training should be employed as large amounts can be intoxicating, harmful and disturb internal membranes. Some essential oils should never be ingested due to their toxicity on organs, especially with certain medical conditions. Health conditions, skin, membrane and organ integrity, anatomy and physiological structures and functions should be understood, and cross-referenced with essential oil MSDS safety guidelines. We will not be discussing internal use during Level I courses. • Avoid prolonged use of the same essential oil to minimize sensitization. • Know the safety data on each essential oil you use. • Make sure treatment rooms are well ventilated. • Essential oils are highly flammable substances and should be kept away from direct contact with flames, such as candles, fire, matches, cigarettes, and gas cookers. • Only use 100% pure essential oils from a reputable and experienced company. • Rules & Regulations: http://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/regulations

CODE OF ETHICS (NAHA)

1.1 Demonstrate commitment to provide the highest quality aromatherapy service to those who seek their professional service

1.2 Conduct myself in a professional and ethical manner in relation to my clients, fellow aromatherapists & colleagues and the general public so as to comply with the highest standards of moral behavior & integrity and to uphold the dignity and status of my profession under all circumstances.

1.3 Share professional knowledge, research, and experiences with fellow aromatherapists and colleagues to support the advancement of aromatherapy.

1.4 Treat clients in accordance with holistic principles (Recommend treatment based upon the specific needs of the client.) and render professional services for no other purposes than the total well-being of my clients.

1.5 Educate clients in the quality and availability of true aromatherapy products and services.

1.6 Refrain from engaging in any sexual conduct or sexual activities involving clients.

1.7 Recognize that my primary obligation is always to the client and agree to practice Aromatherapy to the best of my ability for my client's benefit. My client's comfort, welfare and health must always have priority.

1.8 Provide clients with informed consent/disclosure statement and information that includes training, certification, scope of practice, payment structure, benefits, limitations and expectations of both the practitioner and client.

1.9 Endeavor to serve the best interests of my clients at all times by providing the highest quality of service and I shall undertake continuing education and improve upon my Aromatherapy skills and professional standards whenever possible.

1.10 Provide services within the scope and the limits of my training. I will not employ techniques for which I have not had adequate training and shall represent my education, training, qualifications and abilities honestly. I shall acknowledge the limitations of my skills and when necessary, refer clients to the appropriate qualified professionals.

1.11 Not diagnose, prescribe or provide any service, which requires a license to practice unless specifically licensed to do.

1.12 Maintain client confidentiality and not divulge to anyone the findings I acquire during consultation, or in the course of professional recommendations, without my clients consent except when required by law.

1.13 Support other Consultants at all time and shall never criticize, condemn or otherwise denigrate other Consultants in the presence of a client or other lay persons.

1.14 Respect the rights of other healthcare professionals and aromatherapists and will cooperate with all health care professionals in a friendly and professional manner.

1.15 Where another Consultant refers a client to me, I shall return such clients to the original Consultant when the specified recommendation is completed. I will not denigrate another Consultant’s recommendations.

1.16 Not make false claims regarding the potential benefits of Aromatherapy and shall actively participate in educating the public regarding the actual benefits of True Aromatherapy.

1.17 Not give guarantees regarding the results of any recommendations, nor exploit a client for financial gain through inferences or misrepresentation of any sort.

1.18 Practice honesty in advertising, promote my services ethically and in good taste, and practice and or advertise only those skills for which I have received adequate training or certification. 20 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

1.19 Maintain my premises in a hygienic condition, and ensure that my premises offer my Clients sufficient privacy.

1.20 Maintain complete records of each Client, including specific details of my recommendations.

1.21 Refrain from the use of any mind-altering drugs, alcohol, or intoxicants prior to or during a professional Aromatherapy consultation or while representing the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.

1.22 Dress in a professional manner, proper dress being defined as the attire suitable and consistent with accepted professional practice.

1.23 Represent a united front to the public and refrain from criticism of colleagues either in writing or verbally before clients or the general public.

1.24 Shall, upon being found to have transgressed any of the By-laws of the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy and/or this Code of Ethics voluntarily surrender and return my membership certificate to the Association.

Lesson Six: Quality Measures I

Pure Essential Oils: Pure vs. Synthetic • Follow your nose. Your nose knows. o Opens you up, elicits an authentic response o Congests your sinuses, lymph and circulation • Pure essential oils produce a certain scent – people will like, or attract specific smells, and dislike or repel others. The scents you like can indicate what your body is needing at the time, or is willing to accept help from. Scents that we dislike, can mean one of two things – either we don’t need it, or, it is connecting to an emotion deep within to help you excavate it and release it. Sometimes we are not ready to process those deep inner emotions, and will thus “repel” the scent. We discuss this more in the Holistic Phyto-Aromatherapy for Mind-Body Health Course. • Contain chemical constituents that produce various physiological and psychological responses and therapeutic effects. • The molecular structure of a 100% pure, unadulterated essential oil is small, recognizable and mirrors that of the body. Receptor sites can identify it. Therefore, your body accepts it, can use it and knows how to dispose of it. It also allows for skin permeability with minimized toxicity (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28399694). • Synthetic fragrances have a large molecular structure that does not match up with a receptor site and cannot penetrate to a cell, lining or the skin in most cases. It tends to confuse the body and serves as a toxin since the body does not know how to use it or dispose of it. You may feel better with synthetic fragrances but they don’t increase the oxygen uptake at the cellular level. • 100% pure, unadulterated essential oils will cost more. When you look at the overall picture, they will cost less in the long run. You need less of a therapeutic quality oil and the effects will have a positive impact to the body rather than a negative one. More health benefits with a pure oil. • Most people have allergies and sensitivities to synthetic fragrances. Pure essential oils do not have a protein structure (which instigate the allergy) so many people (not everyone) have little to no allergies to a pure essential oil. • Reference: Dr. David Stewart, Ph.D., The Chemistry of Essential Oils, 2006

Identification: Plant Biology & Ecology • Plant Identification System developed in 1700’s • Read the Latin names and common names of essential oils to help avoid confusion in the therapeutic properties. o Family, genus, species, subspecies, hybrids, cultivars and variety

• Species properties and scent can vary depending on geography, topography, light, and soil, which produce various chemotypes of an EO. Chemotypes (chemical polymorphisms) are a variety in the secondary metabolites within a species, or subspecies, that produce a variant in chemistry. This can create a variation in scent, even if ever so slight, which explains why an essential oil from one company can vary from an essential oil from a different company, even if it has the same botanical name. o Differences in chemotypes were demonstrated by a study of 25 wild oregano plants in growing in Southern Italy. Results showed that the first group consisted of acyclic (linalool/linalyl acetate) chemotypes with a predominant presence of linalyl acetate; the second was characterized by chemotypes rich in cymyl-compounds, mainly carvacrol, thymol and γ- terpinene (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28554612). This research is important to understanding the role essential oil chemistry has on conservation efforts to keep up with production demands to produce pure essential oils. o Tea tree: Melaleuca alternifolia (leaves) - chemotype terpinen-4-ol, and 1,8- cineole are similar in young leaves (versus mature leaves); however, showed differences between chemotype terpinolene (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28771760). o Eucalyptus: has over 700+ species. Eucalyptus globulus; radiata; smithii o Thyme: has over 350 species. Thymus vulgaris linalool; borneol; geraniol; sabinene hydrate; thymol; carvacrol (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231164). o Other testing equipment and procedures, other than gas chromatography (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, chiral gas chromatography, etc.), may be needed to determine chemotype properties. For example, to test the chemistry potency and properties of 5 chemotypes (isoborneol, camphora, cineole, linalool and borneol) in the raw leaves of Cinnamomum camphora, desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS) needed to be used (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28425482). o With an increase in manmade, genetically modified and synthetic produced “essential oils”, testing can still detect variances in the aromatic trace molecules, which make up the smallest amount of an oil, and lend uniqueness to an oil’s properties. • Pure essential oils can penetrate the wall of dying cells to stimulate immune responses. I’ve coined this process as “CPR for the cells™”.

Proper Harvesting: Farm to Bottle Harvesting is an important key to the purity of an essential oil. Certain factors play a role in how therapeutic an essential oil can be. The plant/tree must be grown in the proper 23 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

pH soil, during specific climate conditions and in the best location in the world that produces and cultivates the highest chemical constituents within that plant. The plant material must be harvested at the appropriate time of day, month and year using the proper extraction method. Environmental conditions such as war, flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes, just to name a few can affect the growth and energy of an essential oil. • i.e. Lavender from seed matures slowly but produces rich, more complete EO vs. grown from clippings • Geographical Location, Topography & Biome (where in the world, altitude, terrain) • Making sure it is provided with the right environment to thrive, absorbing the elements, assimilating nutrients, and protecting it from invaders. • Elemental Survival: Water, Heat/Light, Earth, Wind/Metal, Wood interactions • Climate & Temperature during growing season: light and shade exposure, hot and cold tolerance, wind tolerance • Soil Composition & Plant Interaction with Terrain: acid, alkaline, rocky, sandy, silty, clay, marshy; plant close together or far apart • Age of plant and tree can affect quality and potency of an EO • Hydration levels – lots of water, little water, drought tolerant • Harvesting schedule: time of day, equipment, people • Extraction methods • Be aware there are some essential oils that are transgenic, or genetically modified

There will be more environmental updates in the future that include plant morphology due to climate change, increased environmental pollutants and exposure to plants, and conservation efforts. • Sustainable and conservation organizations: o IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature, https://www.iucn.org/; Nature-Based Solutions, https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46191 o Conservation International, http://www.conservation.org o Botanical garden Conservation International, http://www.bgci.org/. • Current sustainability (use without destruction) and conservation (protection) efforts. For every tree taken down, a new tree should be planted. If this practice is not followed by farmers, the sustainability of these trees are in jeopardy. Fire and other weather-related conditions are also a concern. o Rosewood; Sandalwood o More info - http://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/sustainability-issues/

Testing • Pure essential oils have chemical constituents that produce various therapeutic effects • Gas Chromatography is the most common and accurate test that can separate the various therapeutic constituents of a given essential oil. It produces a molecular “fingerprint” of the EO to ensure it is the highest quality oil available. • With an increase in manmade, genetically modified and synthetic produced “essential oils”, testing can still detect variances in the aromatic trace molecules, which make up the smallest amount of an oil, and lend uniqueness to an oil’s properties.

Essential Oil Production • Essential oils must be grown in various parts of the world that can produce the highest chemical constituents within that oil to merit its therapeutic properties. • Most essential oils today are cultivated versus grown wild due to its control to meet production supply and demand • There are approximate 400 plants that currently produce an essential oil (meaning it contains therapeutic values). However, there are thousands of species that have not yet been discovered and utilized. • Europe and Asia have the highest essential oil production • China is popular for their eucalyptus and jojoba production because of their good climate conditions particular to these plants • Some species are endangered as they have been over-harvested o Sandalwood (in India) – to counteract sustainability concerns, sandalwood is thriving in Australia o Rosewood – the government has restrictions that require a new tree be planted for each one harvested. It takes about 30-50 years to get the inner bark and heartwood to distill as the trees are typically 20-25 years old before oil is present. • Lavender used to be harvested by hand but due to high demands today, much of it is harvested by a tractor. This essential oil is the most adulterated oil on the market. • Myrrh takes the longest to distill • New breed of essential oils emerging called transgenic oils from GMO plants (David Crow, http://naha.org/bookstore/the-ecological-future-of-essential-oils)

Extraction Methods

Steam Distillation: Plant matter is placed in a still, and exposed to boiling water (below the material) to generate steam, which softens the scent cells in or oil glands in plants to release the scent vapor. This vapor mixture is then cooled in a condensing tank where the essential oil molecules (lipids) separate out and float to the top, leaving a water mixture at the bottom known as a hydrosol. Most of your essential oils are extracted using this method. It is most efficient in yielding essential oils. This process magnifies the oil's potency, 100+ times its botanical/herbal counterpart.

• Hydro distillation is a variant of Steam Distillation, and differs by soaking the free-floating plant material. Slower process, harder to control heat and potential for the plant material to be burned if it gets too close to the furnace (https://www.morningmystbotanics.com/wp-content/uploads/df4316.pdf). • Cohobation: a few essential oils like Rose are very delicate and have a high solubility rate (meaning its harder to extract). So, it is distilled more than once, using the condensed water, not the steam distilled water. This can drive the price up.

Cold Expression: Sensitive machines are used to express the oil out of the rind or peel of fruit such as lemon, orange and grapefruit. Some citrus oils are derived from steam distillation of the pulp.

Solvent Extraction: A gentle process used with those oils that have low volatility and yield low concentrations of oil. Liquid solvents are used to get an extract which is then distilled with gentle heat to boil off the solvent. Sometimes plant waxes and pigments are extracted as well and end up in the oil. An example is Oakmoss.

Carbon Dioxide: This extraction process is becoming more popular, and is being studied more for its therapeutic contributions. It requires a stainless steel, closed chamber with lower temperatures than distillation. Its properties are more closely related to its botanical/herbal counterpart.

Enfleurage: One of the very first methods used in ancient times. Plant and flower matter were macerated in animal fats and used as skin care creams and wound healing salves. Today, it is placed in essential fatty acid rich plant oils such as coconut, avocado and jojoba.

Lesson Seven: Introduction to Aromatic Chemistry I Overview Chemistry is the study of matter (something of substance) and the interaction or reaction between it with other matter (reactions and responses). Essential oils are comprised of many molecules and chemical constituents. Aromatic chemistry looks at understanding the various chemical components, the interaction between them and the result it delivers in the final product.

Almost all molecules found in essential oils are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. • Carbons produce energy • Hydrogen provides nourishment • Oxygen creates movement

You can see, these three benefits are crucial in essential oils, and lend proof to their power on a physical, mental, emotional and spiritual level. They create movement to help us get unstuck and move through imbalances. It also reinforces healthy balance and assists us to continue thriving. Basically, it involves “twists and turns” of molecular structure. When it is twisted one way, it gives a particular scent. When the molecules are turned another way, it “twists” the scent, or morphs it into another distinct scent.

The chemistry of an essential oil is determined by 3 factors: 1. Extraction process and time of day of extraction (heat sensitivity, oil volatility) 2. Inherited molecular structure from species 3. Climate conditions such as temperature, topography and light exposure Most chemical constituents found in essential oils are terpenoids. Steam distillation and hydro distillation will extract only volatile and water insoluble constituents such as terpenes and terpenoid compounds (hydrocarbons). When essential oils are extracted with solvents, the absolutes contain very little to no terpenes.

Why is aromatic chemistry important?

The chemical make-up of an essential oil dictates the potency and personality traits of the therapeutic properties. These characteristics can vary within the same functional group, and among similar species. Different species of plants can have similar components. For example, Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus radiata both possess 1,8 cineole producing strong decongestant properties. However, there will always be some degree of difference such as, Eucalyptus globulus typically contains more limonene than Eucalyptus radiata. Limonene has a more citrus scent and is a precursor to carvone (spearmint). It has strong antioxidant, digestive and metabolism supporting properties. Thus, you can conclude that Eucalyptus globulus will have more citrus notes and undernotes than radiata. And possess more digestive aid benefits. 27 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Aromatic Chemistry Formulations: A Scientific Approach Essential oils are like people, they have their own personality and characteristics. Certain essential oil chemical components will resonate or “connect” with other components more strongly than some. When combined in just the right amount, you have a perfect, harmonious, synergistic blend. If you get rations off, it can alter the scent, and thus the response.

When you are formulating a blend, you may need to cross-reference chemical properties to achieve a certain goal. This will help you with scent viscosity, volatility and properties so you choose the right amount of an essential oil to include in the blend.

Chemistry Glossary 101 Aromatic compound: substance that has an odor or aroma, and contains a benzene ring (C6H6), in a benzene ring, each carbon is bonded to a hydrogen.

Aromaticity: used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds (combination of bonds) that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. Aromatic molecules are very stable (unlike organic compounds), and do not break apart easily to react with other substances (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticity). This stability demonstrates the multidimensional power aromatherapy can have on health responses.

Chemistry: The branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry). The “A&P” of matter. • Matter: anything that takes up space • Atom: basic unit in chemistry that has a dense core surrounded by space o Nucleus: made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons with negatively charged electrons that orbit it. Together, these balance each other out (like in bookkeeping – the plusses and minuses must balance). ▪ Electrons: subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge ▪ Neutrons: subatomic particle with no electrical charge ▪ Protons: subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge • When certain atoms are combined, a reaction occurs creating a result. Thus, in aromatic chemistry, the various combinations of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms produce certain therapeutic properties.

Functional Groups: Specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will experience the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. When functional groups interact with other functional groups, different reactions occur, creating a new synergy that elicits a complex, 28 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

comprehensive response. At this time, it is almost impossible to scientifically test every single molecule’s interaction with other molecules, individually, and in combinations as there are trillions of variations. And every single chemical component might not have been identified yet. You’d also have to take into account, and test percentage variants. Knowing this, you will look at the top chemical constituents, those with the highest percentage within an oil, to make your decision when formulating a blend.

2 main groups of chemical components in essential oils - Simple Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the backbone of molecules, giving strength to their structure and functions.

• Simple Hydrocarbons: Organic compound with only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons with 4+ carbons, have isomers that have difference compounds and properties. o Aromatic hydrocarbons: Known as arenes, have at least one aromatic ring. ▪ Benzene: Most aromatic compounds are derivatives of benzene (C6H6), the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, which is composed of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each. You will see this in their formula. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.

o Saturated hydrocarbons: Simplest hydrocarbon with single bonds and saturated with as many hydrogens as it can hold. Referred to as alkanes. Uses the suffix -ane (i.e. methane and hexane). Rose (Rosa damascena) contains alkanes, however they are typically not found in many EO’s.

o Unsaturated hydrocarbons (terpenes): They have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Those with double bond are called alkenes - formula CnH2n. Those containing triple bonds are called alkyne, - formula CnH2n−2. ▪ Terpenes are the largest group of hydrocarbons ▪ Terpenoids have carbons in multiples of 5 ▪ Hemiterpenes - 5 carbon atoms

▪ Monoterpenes - 10 carbon atoms • In almost every essential oil • Number depends on the pH of the distillation process • Evaporates quickly (volatile) when exposed to air, heat or light o Cap EO bottle as soon as you are done with it. 29 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

o Scent will not linger for a long, sustained period (recommended to combine with a base note, or heavier scent to prolong the aroma). o Higher oxidation (will go rancid quicker) • Main Constituents: end in “ene” o Limonene (lemony scent): Citrus oils, pine, peppermint, elemi, lemongrass ▪ α-pinene (in many EOs, insecticide) / β-pinene (isomers of pinene): pine, cypress, lavender, frankincense o α-terpinene: Cardamom, marjoram ▪ γ-terpinene: Juniper, tea tree • Benefits: uplifting, adrenal and nervous system support (fight or flight responses), immune, digestive aid, • Properties: Antiseptic, tonic, stimulating, decongestant, antiviral, antibacterial, insecticide, analgesic (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28699514) • Contraindications: Occasional skin irritant (when used alone, undiluted) due to high volatility and oxidation

▪ Sesquiterpenes - 15 carbon atoms (1-1/2 monoterpenes) • In many essential oils • Heavier molecular weight and can withstand a higher temperature, thus it is less volatile and has a lower oxidation rate than monoterpenes. Takes a little longer to distill. Found in woods, seeds and roots. • Potent scent - small amounts produce a profound influence • Main constituents: end in “ene” o Bisabolene: German chamomile (Matricaria recutita), myrrh (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666387) o Chamazulene: contains azulene (blue color) which is produced after steam distillation (heat + matricine). German Chamomile, Yarrow o Farnesene: Citronella, yarrow, rose (gardenia scent) o Santalene: Sandalwood o Caryophyllene (analgesic, anti-inflammatory - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291111/):

Clove, oregano, rosemary, black pepper (gives spicy notes) • Benefits: grounding, relaxing, nervous system support, wound healing (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual), muscle soreness, joint aches, skin issues, anxiety • Properties: Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antibacterial, antitumor, amoebicidal (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426414), choleretic, cholagogue, hypotensive, sedative • Contraindications: Avoid excessive use during pregnancy ▪ Diterpene - 20 carbon atoms (2 monoterpenes) • Not as common is EO’s. More likely to be in resinous oils. Heavier molecular weight. o Resin from trees were used in ancient times to waterproof ropes and caulk boats. You can see the plant signature connection to protection and sealing in nutrients. • Constituents: Camphorene - camphor • Properties: Antifungal, antiviral, antifungal, hormone support ▪ Triterpenes - 30 carbon atoms and Tetraterpenes - 40 carbon atoms have a large molecular structure and light to little scent.

• Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbon (carbon and hydrogen) plus 1 or more oxygen atoms. This adds a new layer of properties and characteristics. Groups include alcohol, phenol, aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, and oxides. o Alcohols: most beneficial, offer a pleasant fragrance (lavender, geranium) ▪ Constituents: End in -ol. Formula: -OH • Linalool: Lavender, rosewood, neroli, coriander, clary sage • Terpineol (α-, β-, γ-, Terpinen-4-ol): anise, juniper, nutmeg, tea tree thyme, niaouli ▪ Overall Benefits: balancing (mind, body, hormones, emotions), immune support, water balance (edema, kidneys), energizing, deodorant ▪ Properties: Insecticide, antiseptic, antibacterial, antioxidant ▪ Monoterpene alcohol: • Constituents: Steam distillation o Citronellol: Citronella, rose, eucalyptus o Menthol (minty-camphoraceous scent): peppermint 31 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

o CO2 process: provides a variance of chemical constituents than steam distillation ▪ Oxygenated monoterpenes, coumarin, camphor, linalyl acetate, linalool, borneol, 1,8 cineole, - Lavandula angustifolia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707355 o Geraniol: geranium, palmarosa, grapefruit • Properties: Antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial • Contraindications: Low toxicity and irritation to skin o Sesquiterpene alcohol: not common in most essential oils ▪ Constituents: • Farsenol (antibacterial, deodorant): Rose • α-santalol: sandalwood almost exclusively (high in northern and southwestern regions, and lower in southeastern regions although they were higher in farsenol - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28587294) • α-bisabolol: German Chamomile • Patchoulol: Patchouli; Vetiverol: vetiver; Globulol: eucalyptus ▪ Properties: Anti-allergenic, liver stimulant, anti-inflammatory ▪ Contraindications: low irritations o Phenols (aka carbolic acid): similar to alcohol with a higher boiling point and stronger hydrogen bonds (phenyl group C6H5 bonded to hydroxyl group OH). ▪ Constituents: ends in “ol” • Carvacrol: oregano, marjoram (Origanum marjorana), thyme o Anti-proliferation of cancer cells (breast, cervical, prostate): http://www.fasebj.org/content/26/1_Supplement/1037.5.short • Thymol: Thyme • Terpinen-1-ol-4: tea tree, marjoram • Eugenol: clove, cinnamon, basil • Methyl salicylate (salicylic acid + methanol): Wintergreen, birch • Vanillin: vanilla

• Diphenol (C6H6O2): contain a benzene ring with 2 OH o Stronger and more potent properties, than phenol o Not a common main ingredient 32 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

o Thymoquinol: Lemon mint (Monarda citriodora) ▪ Benefits: aid in detoxification, stimulating, pain relief, immunity • Used by British surgeons in 1965 in operating rooms as an antiseptic (https://www.britannica.com/science/phenol). ▪ Properties: Antiseptic, antibacterial, analgesic, neuroprotective (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033584#pone-0033584-g006) ▪ Contraindications: Use in low concentrations for short period of time; excessive amounts may irritate liver, mucosal membranes and skin. o Aldehydes: produce citrus-like fragrance – in many EO’s; Unstable, oxidize quickly. ▪ “common name ‘aldehyde” or end in “al” ▪ Constituents: • Citral or Geranial (eliminates candida albicans; gives lemony scent): lemongrass, Litsea cubeba, melissa, petitgrain • Cinnamaldehyde: cassia, cinnamon • Vanillin: vanilla ▪ Benefits: uplifting, encouraging, depression, self-worth, blood sugar balance, joy in life ▪ Properties: Antibacterial properties are not as strong as phenols, antifungal, calming, anti-inflammatory, sedative ▪ Contraindications: Can be a skin irritant if not diluted properly o Ketones: ▪ Best known in the alcoholic drink, Absinthe (alters behavior, euphoric) ▪ Main Constituents: end in “one” • Carvone: spearmint (menthone) • Verbenone: Rosemary • Thujone: Sage • Camphone: Camphor, rosemary • Pulegone: Pennyroyal ▪ Benefits: pain relief, circulation of stuck heat in the body to promote movement/cleansing.

▪ Properties: Mucolytic, expectorant, skin, cell and tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, cicatrisant, vulnerary ▪ Contraindications: Excessive use may be neurotoxic (most toxic are hyssop [pinocamphene], thuja and wormwood [thujone]. Use caution and minimize use with animals and those with serious health issues. Excess exposure may cause anxiety or nervous system spasms as it affects GABA channels. o Esters: reaction between acids & alcohols; Fruity and fragrant ▪ Found in more essential oils than any other functional group ▪ Constituents: drop “ol” gain “yl”; drop “ic” and gain “ate” • Isobutyl-angelate: Roman chamomile • Methyl salicylate: wintergreen, birch • Neryl acetate: helichrysum, clary sage ▪ Benefits: nourishing, digestive aid, skin trauma and acne, wound healing (physical, emotional) ▪ Properties: Sedative, nervine, antispasmodic, anti-candida, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ▪ Contraindications: Use in a carrier for skin health o Lactones: ▪ Similar properties as ketones. Get their name from lactic acid (simplest of hydroxy acids). Mild to semi-strong scent. ▪ Constituents: end in “in” but can end in “one”. Contain furon compounds* (photosensitivity) • Alantolactone: Inula graveolens • Bergaterpene: bitter orange, lemon, lime o Bergaterpene furocoumarin free is free of a furan ring and non-phytotoxic: Bergamot FCF • Butylphthalide: Celery seed • Nepetalactone: Catnip • Coumarins: type of lactone (with a benzene ring), grassy-like smell o Bitter orange, Ammi visnaga

▪ Benefits: bronchitis, cough, acne and skin irritations (in small quantities), muscle support ▪ Properties: Strong mucolytic, antiseptic, anti-parasitic, insecticide ▪ Contraindications: Excessive amounts may cause neuro-toxicity, skin irritation. • Other oils that contain furanoid compounds and considered phototoxic: citrus oils, angelica, and petitgrain. Myrrh contains some furanoids but is not photosensitive.

o Ethers: licorice scented ▪ Most ethers in essential oils are phenolic ethers. Not as common. ▪ Constituents: • Anethole: aniseed, fennel o Anethole, menthone and eugenol, respectively, have been shown to be effective transdermal penetration enhancers - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510896 • Elemicin: Elemi; Myristicin: Nutmeg • Eugenol methyl ether: clove • Methyl charvicol: basil and tarragon ▪ Benefits: digestive aid, feel attacked (immune-wise or emotionally), adrenal support, nausea ▪ Properties: Antispasmodic, analgesic, carminative, relaxing, vermifuge ▪ Contraindications: Use in moderations and dilute in a carrier.

o Oxides: derived from alcohol ▪ Keep alcohol name and add “oxide”; or 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) ▪ Constituents: Ends in -ol, or -ole • Eucalyptol: eucalyptus, rosemary o Enhances cognitive clarity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736918/ • 1,8 cineole (camphoraceous): ravintsara, niaouli, Eucalyptus globulus, Rosemary officinalis ct. cineole ▪ Benefits: respiratory, digestion, lymphatic, muscle pain, chronic fatigue, mental clarity

▪ Properties: Expectorant (stimulates mucus in respiratory and digestive tracts), decongestant, anti-infectious, antiviral ▪ Contraindications: Can be drying to the skin and membranes. Use caution with asthma and COPD.

Essential Oil Care Essential oil quality is dependent on proper care and storage. They oxidize at a faster rate when exposed to heat, light and air. • Store your essential oils in dark bottles and in a cool, dark area. • When blending, keep the cap on when you are not poring drops out of the bottle. For example, when you are blending, only remove the cap from the oil at the time you will be pouring it into the bottle. Recap the bottle immediately. Don't let it sit with the cap off for long periods of time. • When you are conducting Olfactory Sensory Testing™, do not allow your nose, or your clients nose to touch the top of the bottle. This will cause contamination and oxidation of the essential oil, and could cross-contaminate any blends you create with it. Lastly, when you are blending, do not touch the essential oil top or carrier tops to the lid of the bottle. This will also create contamination and cross- contamination of each ingredient that touches that lid. • Practice Blending: "tilt and swoop" technique. It's all in the wrist. Practice tilting the EO bottle to allow the right number of drops to flow from the EO bottle to the blend bottle. When the last drop makes its way out about 3/4 of the way, swoop the bottle up, allowing the excess oil to slip back into the bottle. The orifice reduce top has an opening in it, like olive oil, allow excess oil to go back into the bottle, minimizing waste.

Aromatic Chemistry Reference books: Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, Salvatore Battaglia The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple, David Stewart Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy, Sue Clark

Lesson Eight: Essential Oil Profiles Lavender - Lavandula angustifolia • Extraction: Steam-distillation • Scent: Floral, herbaceous, clean scent. • Properties: analgesic, antidepressant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, anti- inflammatory, astringent, sedative, antispasmodic. • Physical: Burns, wound healing, hair loss, acne, eczema, inflammation, insect bites, toothache, nausea, balance and calm nerves, air deodorizer/purifier • Mental: Anxiety, insomnia, headaches, calms cranky babies, exhaustion, moodiness, panic attacks, stress, worry • Emotional: soothes irritability, anger, frustration, compulsion, balances emotions, fear, forgiveness, grief, rejection, self-love, self-worth, shock • History: Latin for Lavare “to bath” or “wash”. Romans used in bath water as fragrance. Plant signature to wash away impurities – physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually. It takes approximately 100 pounds of lavender flowers to produce 1 pound of essential oil. Recent studies have shown lavender essential oil to enhance the quality of life in Alzheimer patients. • Science: o Pain & anxiety during surgery: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27157961 o Postpartum stress, anxiety, depression: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27095995

Recipes Relaxing Bath Salt: 1 cup Epsom salt, 2 drops lavender, 1 drop red mandarin Instructions: Apply to running bath water, sit back and relax.

Relaxing Linen Spray: 2 oz. distilled water, 8 drops lavender, 5 drops red mandarin, 4 drops roman chamomile. Instructions: Spray 3-4 times on bed linens and your pajamas before bed.

Ant Bite Relief: Lavender Essential Oil Instructions: Apply 1 drop to affected are as needed for itching.

Chamomile, Roman (Greek for “earth apple”) – Anthemis nobilis; Chamaemelum nobile • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Earthy, sweet with hint of green apple scent • Properties: anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, antipruritic (anti-itch), mild sedative, anti-bacterial, antifungal, hypotensive, diuretic, nervine, vulnerary (wound healing), carminative (digestive). • Physical: peptic ulcers, PMS, motion and morning sickness, hiatal hernia, indigestion, relaxes muscle spasms (IBS, Crohn’s Disease, colitis, leg cramps), constipation, diverticulitis and nausea, disinfectant for urinary tract and soothes renal inflammation – douche or pessary (1 drop each of chamomile, sandalwood and pine). • Mental: workaholic, antsy, restlessness, nervous irritability, excessive worry, insomnia, mental chatter, perfectionist, mental stress. • Emotional: hot/short tempers (“road rage”), oversensitive, grief, loneliness, caregiver/being taken care of, nurturing, emotional outbursts, past hurts. • History: commonly used in ancient times for digestion, hair care, perfumes and nervous system issues. • Contraindications: Caution with ragweed allergies, rare but occasional allergies. • Science: o Antifungal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23518164 o Migraines: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238714 o Anti-inflammatory: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471493 o Hypotensive & diuretic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811353

Recipes Teething Relief: .5 oz. extra virgin olive oil, 5 drops roman chamomile. Instructions: Apply small amount to fingertip and rub on irritated gums.

Intestinal Soother: 2 oz. massage oil, 10 drops roman chamomile, 3 drops peppermint and 3 drops lavender. Instructions: Apply to abdomen area as needed for pain and spasm relief.

Inflammation Cream: .25 oz. calendula, .25 oz. arnica oil, .5 oz. aloe vera gel, 5 drops roman chamomile and 4 drops lavender. Instructions: Apply to affected area three times daily.

Bergamot - Citrus bergamia; bergaterpene free (FCF) • Cold-expression • Sweet, floral, citrus scent • Properties: antidepressant, antiviral, antiseptic, antibacterial, anti- infectious, antispasmodic and stomachic. • Physical: fever reducer, digestive aid, sore throat, deodorizer, mouth sores, acne, oily skin, hemorrhoids. • Mental: anxiety, depression, mood “pick me up”, SAD (seasonal affective disorder), help one manage addictive behaviors and cravings. • Emotional: anger, bitterness, discouragement, gloomy, irritable, joyful, optimistic, resentment, timid, trauma. • History: Used in perfumeries and medicine in France since 16th century. Used to flavor Earl Grey Tea. Sometimes added to tobacco for flavoring. Good to use to help one stop smoking. (in combination with clary sage and melissa) • Contraindications: Photosensitive. Avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds 24-hours after topical use on skin. • Science: o Mood, nervous system, stress: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25824404 o Antidepressant: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26817225 o Gram-negative bacteria: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045389

Recipes Anti-Anxiety Spray: 2 oz. distilled water, 8 drops bergamot, 5 drops lavender, 3 drops chamomile. Instructions: Spray above head 3-4 times avoiding the eyes. Use as needed when anxious or nervous.

Mouthwash: 1.5 oz. distilled water, 2 oz. plant enzymes, .5 oz. coconut oil, 8 drops bergamot, 5 drops tea tree, 7 drops lavender. Instructions: Swish approximately 1T in mouth for 1-2 minutes twice daily.

Herbal Deodorant: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 8 drops bergamot, 4 drops cinnamon, 8 drops lavender. Or 10 drops bergamot, 10 drops pine, 2 drops clary sage. Instructions: Apply to under arms and body as needed throughout the day to control and eliminate odor.

Palmarosa – Cymbopogon martini; var. motia • Exgtraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Floral, mild rose-like scent, hints of sweet, earthy, green • Properties: antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, deodorant, febrifuge, relaxant, tonic. • Physical: skin hydration, sebum balancing, cell regeneration, emotional balance and stability, hypothyroid, digestive issues, respiratory and breathing concerns such as bronchitis, cold, flu and dry cough, stimulates appetite with those with anorexia, intestinal upset, bloating, and increases flora production and utilization. • Mental: Anxiety, easily distracted, fatigue, hysteria, obsessive thoughts, worry • Emotional: Harmonizes and balances emotions (especially women’s concerns and eating disorders – use equal parts of palmarosa and bergamot with 1 drop clary sage), emotional strength, jealousy, self-esteem. • History: Originally from India but grown more now in Madagascar. Like, geranium, often used as a poor man’s rose and to dilute pure rose oil to make more affordable. • Science: o Neuroprotection: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855942 o Anti-parasitic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820807

Recipes Skin Balance Serum: 1 oz. jojoba oil, 3 drops palmarosa, 2 drops geranium, 1 drop frankincense, 1 drop lavender. Instructions: Apply to skin and neck area 1-2 times daily before moisturizer. Use to balance oil production, hydrate the skin and aid in skin repair.

Hypothyroid Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 5 drops palmarosa, 5 drops green myrtle, 4 drops lavender, 3 drops red mandarin, 2 drops rosemary. Instructions: Spray around you as needed to balance thyroid, improve energy, combat sluggishness, fatigue and hunger.

Floral Meadow Perfume: .33oz. massage oil, 3 drops each palmarosa, lavender, geranium and ylang ylang. Instructions: Apply to pulse points, wrist and neck as a perfume.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, cinnamon, frankincense, myrrh, ylang ylang, rose, sandalwood, black pepper, citronella, myrtle, peppermint, patchouli, geranium, pine, tea tree, helichrysum, lemongrass, ravintsara.

Peppermint - Mentha x piperita (hybrid – cross between 2 different species) • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Fresh, cool, mint, earthy, sweet, invigorating • Properties: antiseptic, analgesic, antidepressant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti- inflammatory, carminative, decongestant, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, vasoconstrictor (constricts blood vessels). • Physical: indigestion, nausea, morning sickness (best in a tea), cold, flu, fever, hot flashes, stimulate circulation and increase blood flow, decongestant, sinus relief, used against West Nile and herpes simplex, and long been used in cooking, chewing gum, tea and toothpaste. • Mental: mental clarity, focus, headaches, migraines, colic, invigorating, alert, memory, mental fatigue, mental clarity, open mind to take in new ideas, alert, articulation, • Emotional: anger, irritable, emotionally numb, fear of public speaking, ignites passion, invigorates spirit, inspires spontaneity, confidence to face confrontations. • History: Add to conditioner for stimulating scalp massage and help with dandruff • Contraindications: Can be over stimulating with asthmatics if used in a high concentration in a non-ventilated room with excessive diffusion. See NAHA safety below. • Science: o Anti-emetic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390455 o Antifungal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25853964 o Mental burnout: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140115

Recipes Ant Repellent: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 6 drops peppermint, 6 drops eucalyptus, 5 drops clove. Instructions: Spray ants 3-4 times.

Mental Clarity: .5 oz. massage oil, 5 drops peppermint and 5 drops lemon. Instructions: Apply to temples, face and wrist as needed.

Headache Relief: .5 oz. aloe vera gel, 6 drops peppermint and 3 drops lavender. Instructions: Apply to temples and hairline as needed.

NAHA Safety Notes for Peppermint Essential Oil: • Avoid use on children under 30 months of age. The nasal mucosa is an autonomic reflexogen organ, which has a distance action to the heart, lungs and circulation and may lead to sudden apnoea and glottal constriction. • Direct application of peppermint oil to the nasal area or chest to infants should be avoided because of the risk of apnea, laryngeal and bronchial spasms, acute respiratory distress with cyanosis and respiratory arrest. (The Longwood Herbal Task Force - http://www.longwoodherbal.org/peppermint/peppermint.pdf) • Do not apply undiluted peppermint essential oils to the feet, particularly on infants and children under the age of 12. • Inhalation of large doses of menthol may lead to dizziness, confusion, muscle weakness, nausea and double vision. (Natural Standard Research Collaboration, Peppermint oil. Evidence based monograph 2005; Medlineplus)

EXCERPT: The information below has been taken from the European Medicines Agency: ASSESSMENT REPORT ON MENTHA X PIPERITA L., AETHEROLEUM • When used orally, it may cause heartburn, perianal burning, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting. Heartburn is related with the release of the oil in the upper GI tract, which relaxes the lower oesophageal sphincter, facilitating the reflux. The same occurs in the cases of hiatal hernia. This particular undesirable effect is minimized by an appropriate pharmaceutical formulation. **Peppermint essential oil should always be in an enteric-coated tablet or capsule for internal use although even with enteric-coated capsules, anal burning, rashes, headache, muscle tremors, diarrhea, and ataxia have been reported. (AHPA Botanical Safety Handbook) • People with gallbladder disease, severe liver damage, gallstones and chronic heartburn should avoid the intake of peppermint oil. • Menthol and peppermint oil caused burning mouth syndrome, recurrent oral ulceration or a lichenoid reaction, by contact sensitivity in the intra-oral mucosa, in sensitive patients. • When applied on the skin, it may cause allergic reactions, as skin rashes, contact dermatitis and eye irritation. • Use in infants or children is not recommended, when inhaled, taken by mouth or if applied on open skin areas, on the face or chest, due to the potential toxicity of the product. • Peppermint oil should be used with caution. Doses of menthol over 1 g/Kg b.w. may be deadly.

Potential Drug Interactions • Peppermint leaf essential oil has been shown to slow intestinal transit, which may slow the absorption rate or increase the total absorption of coadministered drugs. (Goerg, K.J. and Spilker) • Peppermint essential oil in large doses internally may inhibit the drug-metabilizing isoenzyme CYP3A4, leading to increased plasma levels of drugs metabolized by that isoenzyme. • Coadministration of peppermint leaf essential oil (600mg) and felodipine (a calcium antagonist drug used to control hypertension) moderately increased the plasma concentration of felodipine, possibly through inhibition of the drug-metabilizing isoenzyme CYP3A4. (AHPA Botanical Safety Handbook) • Peppermint oil, menthol, menthyl acetate, and ascorbyl palmitate were moderately potent reversible inhibitors of in vitro CYP3A4 activity. Grapefruit juice increased the oral bioavailability of felodipine by inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated presystemic drug metabolism. Peppermint oil may also have acted by this mechanism. However, this requires further investigation. Ascorbyl palmitate did not inhibit CYP3A4 activity in vivo.

Lemon - Citrus limonum • Extraction: Cold-expression • Scent: Sweet, tart, clean, fresh, citrus • Properties: antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, digestive, diuretic, fungicide, stimulant, stomachic • Physical: respiratory concerns, colds, flu, increases WBC activity, stimulates circulation, cellular congestion, cellulite, digestive aid, counteracts acidity in body by making stomach more acid, air and water purifier. • Mental: nerves, jet lag, depression, fatigue, mental concentration, alertness, clear thinking, rejuvenate mind, dispel sluggishness • Emotional: Clears inner conflict, helps you find your way when you are lost, feel burdened, frustration, emotional stuckness, encourages laughter, happiness, hopefulness. • History: 17th century physicians used as a blood cleanser and carminative. The British navy gave it to sailors during sea voyages to prevent and treat scurvy and other nutrient deficient diseases. • Contraindications: Photosensitive • Science: o Anti-inflammatory: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088973 o Hepatotoxicity & nephrotoxicity: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571876

Recipes Room Spray: 1 oz. plant enzymes, 1 oz. distilled water, 6 drops lemon, 5 drops cinnamon and 5 drops red mandarin. Instructions: Spray 3-4 times in air to purify and disinfect the air.

Window Cleaner: 1 oz. white vinegar, 1 oz. distilled water, 8 drops lemon and 6 drops tea tree. Instructions: Spray on windows and mirrors to clean surface.

Study Buddy: .5 oz. massage oil, 3 drops lemon, 3 drops, peppermint, 3 drops rosemary. Instructions: Inhale scent when studying and when taking tests.

Eucalyptus - Eucalyptus globulus; radiata; smithii

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Camphoraceous, pungent, penetrating, fresh, slightly sweet • Properties: antiviral, antibacterial, decongestant, analgesic, antiseptic, antifungal (add with tea tree), expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, insecticide. • Physical: respiratory infections, sinus infections, air purifier, decongestant, coughs, cold, flu, fever, opens nasal passageways, bronchitis and pneumonia, alleviates sore muscles, • Mental: calms the mind when you feel overwhelmed, improves concentration, calm nit-picky behaviors, headaches, memory recall, mental chatter, mentally suffocated and constrictions, obsessions, and self-confidence. • Emotional: Blame, desire to run, feel like a victim, emotionally stagnant, overwhelmed, guilt, need room to breathe, protects from pestering people. • History: It was noted as early as the 1880s, that surgeons used it as an antiseptic during operations. In ancient times, it was used as a tea for fevers, colds, coughs and immune distress. Commonly used as an insect repellent (along with peppermint, lavender, cinnamon, thyme, geranium). • Contraindications: Do not use with epilepsy and minimize use with asthmatics as it can be drying. • Science: o Upper respiratory tract infections: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21052500 o Anti-inflammatory: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15005885

Recipes Chest Congestion: 1 oz. emollient lotion or aloe vera gel, 4 drops eucalyptus, 2 drops peppermint and 2 drops tea tree. Instructions: Apply to chest and back twice daily.

Sore Muscle Rub: 2 oz. massage oil, 6 drops eucalyptus, 4 drops pine, 3 drops roman chamomile and 2 drops cinnamon. Instructions: Massage into sore muscles once daily or as needed.

Tea Tree - Melaleuca alternifolia

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Camphoraceous, pungent, fresh, clean • Properties: antibiotic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, expectorant, deodorant, disinfectant, anti-parasitic, insecticide. • Physical: fungal infections, decongestant, coughs, acne, colds, flu, respiratory infections, cold sores, disinfectant, mold reducer (window sills), in a massage oil to help with sore muscle aches and pains, opens nasal passageways relieving congestion, bronchitis, pneumonia, cold and flu, deep wounds, road burns to dislodge dirt and bacteria, herpes, ringworm, insect bites, lice, hot spots and skin irritations with pets. • Mental: Creativity, dispels negativity, lethargy, refreshes the mind, promotes a positive outlook, self-confidence booster • Emotional: Feel attacked, emotional wounds, feel consumed by responsibilities, smothered, suffocated, tough to recover after hardships • History: During World War I, Australian soldiers used tea tree to disinfectant their wounds. Numerous research studies have been conducted on tea tree, especially since the 1920’s when the Australian government discovered its potent and effective therapeutic properties. • Contraindications: some people have sensitivities or allergies to melaleuca • Science: o Antibacterial; antibiotic resistance: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108028 o Insecticide: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171605 o Oral hygiene: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485734

Recipes Nail fungus: 1 oz. massage oil, 6 drops tea tree, 3 drops patchouli. Instructions: Apply to affected area twice daily.

Antiseptic Hand Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 6 drops tea tree, 4 drops peppermint, 4 drops bergamot. Instructions: Spray on hands and surfaces to disinfect germs and bacteria.

Myrrh – Commiphora myrrha

• Extraction: Steam distillation – longest EO to distill • Scent: Clean, brown, warm with a spice hint • Properties: analgesic, antiseptic, antibacterial, digestive, anti-tumoric, anti- cancerous, expectorant, vulnerary, anti-catarrhal, pulmonary stimulant, sedative. • Physical: skin repair, heals wounds, alleviates dry coughs and congestion, expectorant, bleeding gums and PMS symptoms, prevents and combats infections, promotes tissue repair, great for all kinds of pulmonary ailments, expels mucus, calms digestive issues – flatulence, cramping, diarrhea, great as a mouthwash for cold sores, bleeding gums and gum infections. • Mental: promotes mediation, helps one speak up for self, anxiety, communication, creative blocks, determination, over-worrying, speech issues. • Emotional: enhances spirituality (connect to), cold emotions, emotional stability, grief and loss, grounding, helps release past burdens to enable one to move forward, inner stillness. • History: One of the gifts of the magi, more prized than gold. Egyptians used in ceremonies as incense; ingredient of famous perfume “kyphi”. Helps people move forward in their lives and speak their truth. • Science: o Anti-candida: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330531 o Antiseptic; anti-tumor: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17978635 o Anticancer: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24137478

Recipes Wound Relief Salve: 1 oz. golden salve, 3 drops myrrh, 2 drops frankincense, 1 drop Helichrysum, 3 drops lavender. Instructions: Apply to affected area several times daily to disinfect and heal wounds, redness, itching, soreness and infection.

Meditation Blend: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 3 droppers Distress or Bach Rescue Remedy, 7 drops myrrh, 7 drops frankincense, 4 drops lavender, 2 drops sandalwood. Instructions: Spray around you before and during meditation to quiet the mind and replenish the spirit.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, ylang ylang, eucalyptus, rose, sandalwood, peppermint, patchouli, geranium, pine, palmarosa, tea tree, Helichrysum, lemongrass. 46 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Cinnamon – Cinnamomum zeylancium

• Exgtraction:Steam distillation • Scent: Spicy, hot, sweet, sharp, clove-like • Properties: antiseptic, analgesic, antiviral, antibacterial, astringent, antidiarrheal, aphrodisiac, antispasmodic, stimulant, anti-parasitic • Physical: airborne virus, sore muscles/aches, infectious disease, candida, colds and flu, parasites, combats sleepiness, helps with anxiety and calm nerves, great to kill airborne viruses (use as a room spray or diffuse), and use during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions. • Mental: combats sleepiness, helps with anxiety and calm nerves, mental fatigue, stress, alertness, performance, endurance, anxiety, mood swings. • Emotional: Comforting, feel safe and secure, self-love, forgiveness, bitterness, resentment joyous, abandonment, emotional strength, grief, emotional coldness, warms the heart. • History: One of the oldest spices known to man, and aphrodisiac. Disperses unwanted smells and prevents the spread of infection. Warms a house especially around the holidays. Feng Shui – diffuse if trying to sell home. It is said to increase your ability to tap into your psychic mind and to increase financial prosperity. • Contraindications: Avoid when taking blood thinners, as it may inhibit blood clotting • Science: o Antibacterial activity on Gram-negative & Gram-positive: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25369660 o Anti-cancerous: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26854449 o Biofilm reduction: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142866

Recipes Germ Protection Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 7 drops cinnamon, 6 drops lemon and 4 drops eucalyptus. Instructions: Apply to hands, air or surfaces to combat germs.

Stress Relief: .5 oz. massage oil, 5 drops cinnamon and 4 drops red mandarin. Instructions: Apply to pressure points and back of neck to relief stress.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, clove, geranium, frankincense, sandalwood, pine.

Ylang Ylang – Canaga odorata

• Extraction: Steam distillation - 5 distillations: o Extra: taken within first hour; most aromatic. o 1st: taken from first two and a half hours of distillation o 2nd: taken from first 3-4 hours of distillation o 3rd: taken from hours 4-14 of distillation o Complete: compounding of all distillations • Scent: Floral, powdery with hints if sweet and earth • Properties include analgesic, antidepressant, antibacterial, antiviral, aphrodisiac, sedative and tonic. • Physical: heart tonic, heart palpitations, lower blood pressure, calms rapid breathing, helpful during childbirth to enhance uterine contractions. • Mental: relieve stress, anxiety, apprehension, contentment, dual personality, frigidity, hysteria, insomnia, overactive mind, panic. • Emotional: aphrodisiac, low self-confidence, anger, helps mend a broken heart, anger, fear, grief, inner beauty, quarrelsome, repression. • History: The name ylang translated by some as “flower of flowers”. In Indonesia, petals were often strewn across the bed after marriage as a symbol of love. Used widely for perfumes. • Contraindications: Do not use with people with extreme low blood pressure. • Science: o Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) & Hypertension: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157172 o Harmonizing: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15303255

Recipes Blood Pressure Massage Oil: 2 oz. massage oil, 5 drops bergamot, 8 drops ylang ylang and 4 drops chamomile. Instructions: Apply to hands, feet and wrists two to three times daily and as needed to combat high blood pressure.

Aphrodisiac Roll-on: .33 oz. massage oil, 4 drops cinnamon and 5 drops ylang ylang. Instructions: Apply to pressure points, neck, wrists, ankles and other areas to enhance a sexual mood.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, cinnamon, clove, chamomile, geranium, Helichrysum, rose, jasmine, Neroli, rosewood, frankincense, sandalwood, pine. 48 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Geranium – Pelargonium graveolens • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Floral, rose-like, sweet with and earthy, mint-like undertone • Properties: emmenagogue, antibacterial, antiviral, aphrodisiac, tonic and uplifting. • Physical: hormone balancing, lymphatic stimulant, edema, skin care (acne, combination skin, bruises, cellulite, stretchmarks), insect repellent, female concerns – PMS, heavy periods, menopause, breast swelling and tenderness, night sweats and hot flashes, jaundice, gall stones, poor general elimination. • Mental: anxiety, stress, hormone headache, nervous tension, depression, negativity, willpower, sluggish, worry, mental clutter and stagnation. • Emotional: grief, discouraged, harmonizes the head-heart-gut connection, lifts mood, sadness, self-esteem, weeping, let go of past hurts. • History: Is not the same as geranium plant. It comes from pelargonium plant. It is often used to adulterate rose oil. • Contraindications: Avoid long-term use if you have a history of estrogen- dependent cancers. • Science: o Antioxidant; male reproduction: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496944 o Antibacterial: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23205247 o Hypoglycemia; oxidative stress: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22734822

Recipes PMS Cramp Relief: 1/3 oz. massage oil, 3 drops geranium, 2 drops clary sage, 2 drops peppermint and 2 drops chamomile. Instructions: Apply to abdomen area to relieve cramps, bloating and discomfort.

Oil Reducer Skin Oil: 2 oz. grapeseed, apricot or avocado oil, 6 drops geranium, 5 drops lavender and 4 drops bergamot. Instructions: Apply to face, neck and chest to minimize oil, hydrate and moisturize skin.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, Clary sage, lavender, cinnamon, clove, chamomile, helichrysum, rose, jasmine, neroli, peppermint, ylang ylang, rosewood, frankincense, sandalwood, pine, marjoram, palmarosa and petitgrain. 49 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Rose - Rosa damascena

• Extraction: Steam distillation (otto); Solvent extraction (absolute) • Scent: Floral, sweet with complex undertones • Properties: antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, sedative, tonic. • Physical: menopause, aging, women’s issues, PMS, skin irritations - rosacea, sooth dry, mature skin (facial sauna, lotion, spray) and heart issues - reduce high BP, regulate heart rhythm. • Mental: alertness, depression, exhaustion, hormone headache, insomnia, inspires hope, memory, mental fatigue, optimistic, nervous tension, PTSD, stress. • Emotional: Grief, anger, frustration, low self-esteem, women issues, emotionally cold, love, disappointment, rejection, jealousy, betrayal, self-love, forgiveness, opens the heart to receive, trauma. • History: It takes 8,000-10,000 pounds of rose petals to produce 1 pound of EO (that is about 30 – 40 petals per 1 drop. Used in Persia for hundreds of years – first oil to be distilled. Represents Love and Beauty. • Science: o Dysmenorrhea pain relief: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27502800 o Prefrontal cortex stimulation for relaxation (fresh petals and EO): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25453523

Recipes

Romance Bath Oil: 2 oz. massage oil, 5 drops rose, 3 drops bergamot, 2 drops geranium and 1 drop cinnamon. Instructions: Apply to running bath water. Sit back and indulge your senses with the sensual and replenishing aromas.

Grief Mist: 2 oz. distilled water, 4 droppers Distress or Bach Rescue Remedy, 8 drops rose and 10 drops guardian. Instructions: Mist surrounding air 3-4 times. Take a deep breath and exhale all of your emotions, anger and grief. Use 6-8 times daily.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, cinnamon, clove, chamomile, geranium, Helichrysum, rose, jasmine, Neroli, rosewood, frankincense, sandalwood, pine, ylang ylang, bay laurel, blue chamomile, thyme, tea tree, cypress, vetiver and inula.

Rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis (Latin “dew of the sea”)

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Camphoraceous, penetrating, fresh and clean • Properties: antiseptic, analgesic, anti-rheumatic, astringent, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, carminative, cephalic, decongestant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypertensive, stimulant and tonic. • Physical: bronchitis (soak feet in rosemary bath to stimulate and open bronchials - asthma, catarrh, sinusitis), arthritis, lymphatic congestion, cellulite, whooping coughs, hair loss, urinary/kidney stones, adrenals, eliminate toxins, improves circulation, combats low blood pressure, high cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, gout, cleanse and open pores (facial sauna with 1 drop of Rosemary), dandruff, lice. • Mental: mental fatigue, memory loss, improves memory, concentration, forgetfulness, mental fog, ADHD, articulate communication, confidence, overthinking, rational thinking, exhaustion, dizziness. • Emotional: love, grief, feel lost, disconnected from self, rejection, sadness, lonely, emotionally stuck. • History: Symbol of love, death and remembrance. Commonly used during the Middle Ages at wedding ceremonies as a "love" charm and at funerals to signify remembrance. Greeks and Romans used it for medicinal purposes. • Contraindications: Avoid with high blood pressure, epilepsy, .and heart conditions • Science: o Antibacterial with infections: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26995672 o Antioxidant: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172328 o Analgesic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635991

Recipes Volumizing Shampoo: 2 oz. nature’s concentrate, 6 drops rosemary, 6 drops ylang ylang and 4 drops mandarin. Instructions: Massage shampoo into wet hair and scalp. Follow with conditioner in the tips of the hair only.

Study Buddy: .33 oz. massage oil, 3 drops rosemary and 2 drops peppermint, 3 drops lemon and 2 drops mandarin. Instructions: Apply to pressure points, temples, neck and wrists before studying and taking a test.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, clove, eucalyptus, chamomile, geranium, helichrysum, rose, jasmine, neroli, myrrh, frankincense, sandalwood, pine, ylang ylang. 51 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Clary Sage - Salvia sclarea • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Earthy, sweet, clean, airy, warming, tea-like • Properties: analgesic, nervine, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antiviral, aphrodisiac, euphoric and emmenagogue. • Physical: hormone balance, PMS, menopause, hemorrhoids, nerve pain, sciatica, multiple sclerosis, neuralgia, lowers blood pressure, tonifies the hear, relieve muscle spasms, asthma, helpful during childbirth to enhance uterine contractions. • Mental: anxiety, emotional confusion, indecision, cold and withdrawn, addictions, creativity, mental blocks, clear vision, OCD, PTSD, stress. • Emotional: stagnant emotions, hysteria, irritable, emotional wounds, paranoia, sadness, trauma, happy, joyful. • History: Commonly used in ancient cultures for perfumes, deodorants, soaps and skin care. Europe employs it for menopausal discomfort, menstrual pain and regulation. • Contraindications: Avoid with people with estrogen-dominant cancers. • Science: o Antibacterial for wound infections: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25821423 o Relaxation in female incontinence: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23360656 o Antidepressant: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20441789

Recipes

Neuralgia Relief: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 8 drops clary sage, 5 drops marjoram, 5 drops lavender and 4 drops helichrysum. For chemo-induced neuropathy, add 2 drops each of patchouli and pine. Instructions: Apply to affected areas to relieve nerve pain, spasms, pain and discomfort.

Anxiety Away Roll-on: .33 oz. massage oil, 4 drops clary sage, 4 drops bergamot and 3 drops lavender. Instructions: Apply to pressure points, temples, neck and wrists and other areas to calm nerves, tension, rapid breathing and excessive sweating.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, ylang ylang, lavender, cinnamon, chamomile, geranium, rose, jasmine, neroli, frankincense, sandalwood, marjoram, inula, helichrysum. 52 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Orange, Sweet/Mandarin – Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata

• Extraction: Cold-expression • Scent: Fruity, sweet, uplifting • Properties: antibacterial, carminative, antispasmodic, digestive, stimulating yet calming, adrenal tonic. • Physical: adrenal exhaustion, helps increase appetite in small quantities and calm appetite when smelled 8-10 times per nostril, calms cranky babies; hyperactive children, “gassy” babies, circulation, vein health, immune support, intestinal upset, stretchmarks and scars. • Mental: refreshing, uplifting, balancing on the mind and body, anxiety, nervous mental fatigue, insomnia, depression, good energy boost for jet lag, over- working, excessive computer use, helps people overcome pessimism, negativity. • Emotional: loneliness, apathy, distress, emotional fatigue, revitalizes spirit, see the bright side of a situation, happiness, joy. • History: The fruit contains a high amount of Vitamin C, a plant signature showing is benefit for vein health and immunity. A hybrid between the pomelo and mandarin fruits introduced in the late 15th century. In France and Italy, the orange flowers are used for floral water and perfumes. • Contraindications: photosensitive • Science: o Anxiolytic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26473822 o Antibacterial with acne: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235794

Recipes Anxiety Relief: 2 oz. distilled water, 4 droppers Distress or Bach Rescue Remedy, 6 drops orange, 4 drops lavender, 1 drop clary sage. Instructions: Spray surrounding area 3-4 times ad take several deep breaths. Use as often as needed.

Digestive Aid: .5 oz. massage oil, 4 drops of orange, 4 drops of peppermint and 1 drop of chamomile. Instructions: Apply to abdomen for stomach discomfort, around the nose for nausea and on the neck and wrists to help digest food and relieve flatulence.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, chamomile, cinnamon, lavender, peppermint, pine, ylang ylang, rosewood, sandalwood, Neroli, bay laurel, clove, tea tree.

Pine – Pinus sylvestris

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Forest-like, hay-like, clean, herbaceous • Properties: analgesic, anti-depressant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, aphrodisiac, expectorant, decongestant, diuretic, tonic. • Physical: Respiratory - bronchitis and pneumonia, cold, flu, dry cough, sinusitis (apply to chest and bottom of feet), sore muscle aches, joint pain, deodorizer, nourishes the adrenals, combats cystitis, combats gallstones, stimulates circulation, gout, disinfects germs, viruses and bacteria. • Mental: mental fatigue, exhaustion, general debility, promotes overall feeling of well-being, energy booster, anxiety, nervousness, shy, timid, stress, worry, PTSD. • Emotional: abandonment, grief, guilt, betrayal, not feel supported, self-blame, feel burned or under "fire", resilience through chronic stress, hopeful, trauma. • History: Hippocrates historically used for pulmonary ailments. Pine wood has been used for centuries to build strong buildings, masts for sailing, furniture and paper. • Contraindications: prostate cancer or elevated PSA’s; skin and kidney irritant. • Science: o Chemotherapeutic: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664017 o Vulnerary & Anti-inflammatory: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155393

Recipes Bronchitis Rub: 1 oz. Unscented botanical lotion base, 1 oz. Pau d’Arco Lotion, 7 drops pine, 4 drops ravintsara, 3 drops eucalyptus, 2 drops thyme and 2 drops lemon. Instructions: Apply to chest area, back (around lungs) and bottoms of the feet, three times daily.

UTI Roll-on: .33 oz. unscented massage oil, 4 drops pine, 2 drops lemon, 3 drops juniper and 1 drop bergamot. Instructions: Apply to kidney and bladder areas three times daily.

Stop Snoring Diffuser Blend: 2-3 drops each of pine, lavender and frankincense added to a diffuser before bed.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, ylang ylang, eucalyptus, rose, sandalwood, peppermint, rosemary, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, helichrysum and geranium. 54 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Patchouli – Pogostemon patchouli, cablin

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Earthy, woody, fresh, dirt-like • Properties: antidepressant, antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, strong antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, aphrodisiac, sedative, vulnerary. • Physical: lymphatic congestion, cellulite, fungal infections (mold, athlete’s foot, candida, yeast, parasites), skin irritations, scars, wound healing, skin irritations (redness, itching, inflammation, rash, allergies, eczema, psoriasis, dryness, cracked skin, wrinkles, fine lines). • Mental: grounding, nervousness, anxiety, meditation, exhaustion, indecision, insomnia, positive thinking, self-doubt, additions. • Emotional: let go of past hurts and move forward, stagnant emotions, helps people connect to their faith, enhances spirituality, helps caretakers, nurturers and those who don’t take time to refuel themselves. • History: “Hippie oil” – helps with issues dating back to 60’s and 70’s. Commonly used in perfumes and colognes along with vetiver as a fixative or base note. • Contraindications: non-irritating. • Science: o Photoaging prevention: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747030 o Anti-cancerous: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23602914

Recipes Skin Softener: 2 oz. Unscented botanical lotion base, 7 drops patchouli, 3 drops bergamot, 4 drops lavender, 4 drops chamomile. Instructions: Apply to affected area twice daily.

Meditation Balm: .5 oz. golden salve, .5 oz. shea butter, 5 drops patchouli, 3 drops frankincense, 1 drop lavender and 1 drop myrrh Instructions: Apply as needed to wrist, neck, feet and pulse points.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, ylang ylang, vetiver, rosewood, sandalwood, rose, jasmine, rosemary, oregano, myrrh, pine and geranium.

Citronella – Cymbopogon nardus

• Steam distillation • Fresh, lemon-woodsy, green scent with equal hints of sweet and earth • Properties: antibacterial, anti-infectious, analgesic, antiseptic, insecticide, decongestant, diaphoretic, gastro-protective, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic. • Physical: insect repellant, aids with acne/oily skin, combats cold, flu, dry wet coughs, aching muscles and joints, eases arthritis, intestinal parasites, digestion, opens up airways to enhance breathing, urinary issues, disinfect surfaces. • Mental: uplifting (mind, body, spirits), memory enhancer, depression, fatigue, open-mindedness, mental acuity, stress, headaches and migraines. • Emotional: emotionally drained, feel attacked, strengthens personal identity, self- doubt, resentment, strengthens personal power. • History: Commonly used in ancient cultures for fever. It is sometimes referred to in India as the "oil of tranquility" because it supports achieving wisdom and a deeper connection to self. • Contraindications: may cause irritation to those with highly-sensitive skin • Science: o Anti-candida: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27517903 o Gastroprotective with ulcers: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160747

Recipes Insect Repellent: .25 oz. unscented massage oil, 1.75 oz. plant enzymes, 5 drops citronella 4 drops geranium, 3 drops eucalyptus, 3 drops lavender, 3 drops peppermint and 2 drops thyme. Instructions: Apply to skin 20 minutes before going outside to combat insects and mosquitoes. It is best to reapply every 2 hours and immediately after swimming.

Deodorizing Foot Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 3 droppers aqua-sol silver, 7 drops citronella, 4 drops sage, 6 drops bergamot, 3 drops patchouli. Instructions: Spray around you and under arms for deodorizing and dispelling unwanted odors. Can use as a hand sanitizer also.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, frankincense, myrrh, sandalwood, palmarosa, peppermint, patchouli, juniper, rosemary, geranium, pine, tea tree, helichrysum, sage, thyme, bay laurel, lemongrass, basil. 56 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Juniper – Juniperus communis

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Warm, herbaceous, linear and refined scent with undertones of floral, woodsy and earth • Properties: antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vulnerary. • Physical: detoxifying for the lymphatic system, kidney concerns, UTI’s, gout, flatulence, joint pain (arthritis), stimulate circulation, cellulite. • Mental: calms nerves to clear the mind, dispels negative energy, feeling of uncleanliness, mental exhaustion, strengthens brain power, willpower. • Emotional: helps one face and overcome fear, discouraged, feel isolated, fear, inner strength, self-acceptance, self-worth, withdrawn. • History: Used to guard against the plague and contagious diseases by 15th and 16th century herbalist. Juniper and rosemary was burned in French hospitals to clear the air. • Contraindications: due to possible nephrotoxic properties, it should not be used with kidney disease. • Science: o Antioxidant: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26784665 o Antibacterial (respiratory): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23774975

Recipes Urinary & Yeast Relief: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 5 drops juniper, 5 drops patchouli, 3 drops lemon, 2 drops frankincense, 2 drops lavender, 2 drops sandalwood. Instructions: Spray urino-genital area as often as needed to relive discomfort, burning, itching and irritation.

Clean Freak Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 4 droppers aqua-sol silver 6 drops juniper, 4 drops sage, 5 drops parsley, 3 drops lemon. Instructions: Spray on hands, surfaces or around you to promote feelings of cleanliness.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, geranium, eucalyptus, lemongrass, bay laurel, vetiver, frankincense, myrrh, pine, rosemary, black pepper, cypress, rosewood, ginger, clary sage, Helichrysum, lemongrass, parsley, benzoin. 57 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Ravintsara, Ravensara – Cinnamomum camphora; Ravensara aromatica

• Extraction: Steam distillation from tree leaves (Ho Wood from leaves and Camphor from wood) • Scent: Camphor-like, similar to eucalyptus but sweeter and less sharp, stimulating, invigorating. • Properties: analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, anti- inflammatory, expectorant, decongestant, febrifuge, vulnerary. • Physical: Relieves muscle aches and pains especially with MS, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue and Epstein Barr, grief, chest congestion, lung ailments, cough, cold, flu, sinus issues, stress relieving and moves congestion in lymph. • Mental: confidence, confusion, depression, lifts mood, lethargy, promotes a positive outlook, mental overload, clears thinking. • Emotional: grief, despair, discouraged, feel like you have to hide your true self, self-defeating behaviors, introverted, shock, trauma. • History: Madagascarian for “fragrant leaf”; Ravensare aromatica - cineol-free plant. Used historically to prevent the spread of disease. • Science: o Antifungal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322727 o Insecticidal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555298

Recipes Fibromyalgia Serum: 2 oz. unscented massage oil, 6 drops ravintsara, 5 drops lavender, 2 drops Helichrysum, 3 drops pine and 3 drops red mandarin. (optional: 3 drops roman chamomile) Instructions: Apply generously to sore, fatigued muscles in a circular motion to stimulate circulation.

Grief Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 3 droppers aqua-sol silver, 4 droppers Distress or Bach Rescue Remedy, 6 drops ravintsara, 4 drops cinnamon, 5 drops bergamot and 4 drops lavender. Instructions: Spray in surrounding air and breathe deeply to calm grief, dispel sore throat, tightness in chest and promote overall calmness.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, ylang ylang, eucalyptus, rose, sandalwood, peppermint, rosemary, cypress, cinnamon, clove and geranium.

Cypress – Cupressus sempervirens (always green – lives forever)

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Woodsy, earth, green, hints of spice, clean, refreshing • Properties; antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral, antispasmodic, diuretic, hepatic, styptic, sudorific, tonic. • Physical: Enhances circulation, vein health, stimulates lymphatic system to eliminate toxins, cellulite, calms rosacea, regulates menses, irritability, PMS, urinary issues, bedwetting, hemorrhoids. • Mental: alertness, concentration, creativity, calms nervous system, anxiety, stress, forgetful, mental sluggish, mood swings, PTSD, mental clarity, creativity. • Emotional: Helps in times of transition (death, a move, change in career), enhances spirituality, anger, grief, sadness, self-value, emotional trauma. • History: Popular tree in cemeteries, the Egyptians dedicated the tree to gods/heroes of the underworld; Greeks used to make statues of Gods, heroes, authorities. Phoenicians & Cretans build houses and ships – strong. Hippocrates used to arrest bleeding - hemorrhoids, gums, internal bleeding. • Science: o Antimicrobial: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24890383 o Antibacterial (Gram-negative and Gram-positive): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164798

Recipes Cellulite Buster: 8 oz. Herbal Trim Skin Treatment, 10 drops cypress, 8 drops rosemary, 10 drops patchouli, 10 drops pink grapefruit, 5 drops juniper, 5 drops bergamot. Instructions: Apply to affected area 2-3 times daily using a circular motion to stimulate circulation.

Breezy Trees Room Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 4 droppers aqua-sol silver, 6 drops cypress, 6 drops pine, 3 drops lavender, 5 drops spruce. Instructions: Spray around you to dispel unwanted smells or to freshen the air. Great to combat fatigue and sluggishness.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, myrrh, sandalwood, spruce, black pepper, citronella, palmarosa, peppermint, patchouli, geranium, pine, tea tree, helichrysum, lemongrass, basil, ylang ylang. 59 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Endangered Species Essential Oils References & Resources to stay up-to-date: David Crow – Sustainability, Farming challenges, Undiscovered species – helpful

Frankincense - Boswellia carterii • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Balsamic, woody, dry, rich, intense • Properties: antiseptic, sedative, tonic, expectorant, antibacterial, anti- inflammatory, anti-pruritic, relaxant, emmenagogue. • Physical: mature skin, wrinkles, scars, emphysema, allergies, dry coughs, relieves fear, soothes spirit, relaxes and enhances deep breathing, calms nervous system, relieving fatigue, strengthens the lungs, asthma, allergies (pet and environmental), bronchitis, relieves heavy periods and cramping and alleviates clogged lymph (especially in breast). Skin tonic – aging, wrinkles, dryness, scars • Mental: Encourages creativity, concentration, inspiration, indecision, grounding, over-thinking, self-discipline, mental chatter, nervous tension, strengthens faith. • Emotional: fear, grief, sorrow, spiritual aid, self-acceptance, connect to innermost emotions, irritable, jealous, quarrelsome, promotes understanding, feel defeated. • History: Most noted as a gift to the Magi, and more prized than gold. Scent lingered when King Tut’s tomb was open on 1922. Chinese Traditional Medicine used to promote the movement of blood and chi. • Contraindications: none • Science: o Bladder cancer: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25006348 o Antifungal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330531

Recipes

Allergy Spray: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 8 drops frankincense, 8 drops eucalyptus. Instructions: Spray around you as needed to relieve allergies.

Skin Repair: 2 oz. aloe vera gel, 5 drops frankincense, 5 drops lavender, 4 drops roman chamomile. Instructions: Massage into skin twice daily or as needed.

Sandalwood – Santalum album • Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Woodsy, honey-like with sweet, earthy, exotic undertones • Properties: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumorous, anti- cancerous, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, anti- inflammatory, carminative, chemo-preventative, diuretic, expectorant, tonic. • Physical: dry coughs, laryngitis, pulmonary concerns, mature skin, urinary infections, perfumes, PMS and menopause concerns, fibrous cysts, stimulates lymphatic movement, increases circulation (heart, veins), gum health. • Mental: grounding, helps keep your feet on the ground to stay focused, mental clarity, indecision, confusion, insomnia, nervous tension, meditation, codependence, addictions. • Emotional: Helps people put all of the pieces together to see the bigger picture, feel isolated, lonely, grief, rejection, anger, inner connectedness, stuck in the past, strength with a parasitic relationship. • History: A parasitic tree meaning it has to live off of other trees to survive. Best quality comes from trees over 30 years old which are becoming endangered. Widely used for religious ceremonies in India. • Contraindications: none • Science: o Bladder cancer: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25006348 o Chemopreventative (skin cancers): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370104

Recipes

Laryngitis Relief: 2 oz. plant enzymes, 10 drops sandalwood, 2 drops lavender. Instructions: Gargle as needed for laryngitis, sore throat or dry, spastic cough. Use as often as needed.

Romantic Bliss Perfume: 2 oz. unscented massage oil or plant enzymes, 6 drops sandalwood, 6 drops rose, 5 drops bergamot, 3 drops geranium, 1 drop cinnamon. Instructions: Apply to your wrists, neck, hairline and other pressure points. Or spray around you and let the romantic fragrance fall over you.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, cinnamon, rose, geranium, Neroli, jasmine, clove, eucalyptus, lemongrass, bay laurel, inula, vetiver, frankincense, myrrh, pine, rosemary, black pepper, cypress, rosewood, ginger, myrtle, benzoin. 61 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Rosewood – Aniba rosaeodora

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Woody with hints of sweet, floral and green • Properties: analgesic, antidepressant, antibacterial, deodorant, insecticide, stimulant. • Physical: hormone balancing, tissue regenerator, great to nourish mature, aged, dry, sensitive and damaged skin. • Mental: relieves feeling of overwhelmed, weary, depression, headaches, calms mind without being sedative, contentment, stress, over-analytical, exhaustion. • Emotional: Combats frigidity, feelings of being overwhelmed, over-burdened, self-love, feel taken advantage of, judgmental, tolerant of challenges. • History: To combat its extinction in Brazil, the government enacted legislation requiring distilleries to plant a new tree for each one it cuts down. Amazonians used the wood to make canoes, furniture, cabinetry and other wood structures. It has been used extensively in perfumeries. • Contraindications: Non-toxic, non-irritant to skin • Science: o Vasodilative: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447129 o Central Nervous System (CNS) relaxant: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544884

Recipes Anti-wrinkle serum: 1 oz. jojoba oil, 4 drops rosewood, 4 drops frankincense, 3 drops myrrh, 3 drop rose, 2 drops carrot. Instructions: Apply to fine lines and wrinkles twice daily.

Stress Relief Spray: 2 oz. distilled water, 5 drops rosewood, 5 drops cinnamon, 4 drops lemon, 4 drops mandarin and 3 drops lavender. Instructions: Spray surrounding air as needed to calm nerves and quiet the mind.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, lavender, chamomile, frankincense, ylang ylang, rose, jasmine, Neroli, sandalwood, peppermint, palmarosa, thyme, pine, vetiver, geranium and rosemary.

Agarwood – Aquilaria sp. agarwood

• Extraction: Steam distillation • Scent: Woody, resinous, deep, heavy, earthy • Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, anti-infectious, febrifuge, grounding, vulnerary. • Physical: cardiovascular, structural support, immune. • Mental: grounding, scattered brain, concentration, focus, worry. • Emotionally it helps warms a heart, promotes self-love, helps one overcome feelings of a broken heart and rejection. • History: This rare and precious essential oil is known as the “King of Incenses”. It is formed in the heartwood of the aquilaria trees, lending its signature to heart health and emotions. Agarwood is a resinous substance produced as a result of a wounded tree having an infection that is exposed to a type mold (which creates its scent as it is odorless prior to infection). The tree creates the resin to suppress the fungal growth. • Contraindications: non-toxic, non-irritant to skin

Recipes

Grounding Roll-on Blend: .33 oz carrier oil, 4 drops agarwood, 2 drops frankincense, 2 drops myrrh and 2 drops patchouli. Instructions: Combine essential oils in the carrier oil in a glass bowl or glass, mix well and pour into the roll-on bottle. Label. Use as needed.

Blends well with: All citrus oils, florals, woods and herbaceous scents.

Lesson Nine: Carrier Oils & Bases Profiles Carrier oils are used to deliver essential oils to the skin when they cannot be used neat. Massage oils such as almond, apricot and grapeseed are fat soluble and are a great source for moisture, hydration and nourishment to the skin. They are rich in essential fatty acids that provide the skin with a moisture barrier, as well as nutrients to keep skin supple, hydrated and looking healthy.

Carrier Oil Storage and Shelf Life Carriers ideally should be kept in the refrigerator or stored in a dark cool area to prolong their shelf life. Most carriers have a six to twelve-month life span before turning rancid and losing their therapeutic value. You want to avoid direct sunlight, high humidity and temperatures above 72° F as these could also destroy the therapeutic properties of the oils. The more a carrier is exposed to such conditions, and the cap is left off for an extended period of time, the more the oil is oxidized, and increases rancidity.

Common Carrier Oils & Bases • Almond, sweet - Prunus amygdalus; dulcis o Source: derived from the dried kernel of sweet almonds o Weight: light to medium o Feel: non-greasy and absorbs easily into the skin o Absorption: semi-fast to medium absorption, depending on the hydration level of the skin. o Color: light golden-amber o Smell: light to slight nutty odor o Benefits: Great for most applications and health needs such as body and scalp oils, facial cleanser and vaginal dryness. Rich in Omega 9, 6 and 3, respectively in order of strength. It is rich in vitamin E, known to be a powerful antioxidant and aids in circulation. Historically, almond oil had been used in Ancient Chinese, Ayurvedic and Greco-Persian schools of Medicine to treat dry skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20129403). o Properties: antipruritic (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28521546), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin penetration enhancer (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186334). ▪ Chemotype from Northern Cyprus and Turkey - anticancer and antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262033). o Contraindications: Use caution with those who have nut allergies.

• Aloe Vera Gel - Aloe barbadensis o Source: inner layers of the aloe vera plant leaves o Weight: light to medium weight o Feel: cooling, somewhat gooey, gel-like, soothing o Absorption: quick to medium absorbing, depending on how much is applied, the extent of the skin trauma and hydration levels of the skin. o Color: clear to very slight hues of green o Smell: fresh, refreshing, clean o Benefits: The Egyptians described the benefits of aloe in their carvings over 6000 years ago. It has been considered the “plant of immortality” (https://nccih.nih.gov/health/aloevera). It is commonly used for skin traumas such as burns (sunburns), cuts, scrapes, wounds and inflamed skin, alopecia and scalp irritations (dandruff), hemorrhoids, under eye firming gel, shave oil and ulcers (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840496). It contains many vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, antioxidants and more. o Properties: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antispasmodic, analgesic, antipruritic, febrifuge, vulnerary (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24143047) o Contraindications: use caution with aloe vera allergies.

• Apricot Kernel - Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunis armeniaca o Source: expressed from the apricot kernel o Weight: fine, light weight o Feel: light, thin, not too greasy o Absorption: fast absorbing o Color: light golden yellow to amber o Smell: light odor with hints of sweetness o Benefits: Provides hydration and soothes dry, damaged, sensitive and mature skin. High in vitamins A&B, helping in cellular repair and rejuvenation. Contains Omega 3 and 6, sterols and squalene (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26745662) to aid in skin nourishment for acne, dandruff, eczema and psoriasis. o Properties: antioxidant, cytophylactic, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657793) o Contraindications: Use caution with apricot allergies.

• Avocado Oil - Persea americana, Persea gratissima o Source: Pressed from the pulp or meat of the fruit o Weight: heavier oil

o Feel: think consistency, nourishing, soothing, moisturizing o Absorption: medium absorption depending on skin hydration levels o Color: medium amber to green o Smell: mild with ever so slight hints of sweet o Benefits: Rich in vitamins (E particularly), nutrients and essential fatty acids, especially in omega 9’s. It enhances the absorption of nutrients and carotenoids (antioxidants, skin and organ tissue supporters). It is often used in products for dry scalp, hair growth, dandruff, “chemo-scalp”, damaged hair and skin problems such as eczema and dehydration. Great for most applications and health needs needing a thicker oil. sources o Contraindications: Avoid with avocado allergies & animals as it can be toxic.

• Baking Soda - Sodium bicarbonate o Source: a component of the mineral natron (salt mixture from lake beds), found dissolved in many mineral springs (Egyptians used natron as a soap for cleansing purposes and at burial sites). o Weight: light, fluffy until mixed with liquid o Feel: light o Absorption: will sit on skin, great exfoliant o Color: white o Smell: powdery o Benefits: Offers several health and environmental benefits. Used for various reasons including pH balance, deodorizer and exfoliant when added to a bath salt (softens skin), body scrub, foot powders and female/male freshness (i.e. yeast infection or jock itch). You can combine with some essential oils and use it as a dry shampoo, and to soak up excess oil. It has great cleansing power in cleaning products and carpet powders. Dentists recommend using caution with using baking soda products on sensitive and receding gums as it can be abrasive. o Properties: pH balance, antibacterial, antifungal, digestive, disinfectant o Contraindications: non-irritating

• Coconut Oil - Cocos nucifera o Source: Extracted from the kernel or meat of mature coconuts, then dried via fire or sunlight before pressed. ▪ Refined, bleached, and deodorized" (RBD): Usually made from dried pulp or kernel, which is pressed in a heated hydraulic press to extract the oil. This is not suitable for consumption because it contains contaminants and must be refined with further heating and filtering.

▪ Fractionated: Provides fractions of the whole oil so that its different fatty acids can be separated for specific uses. Often used in medical treatments, with sensitive skin and perfumes. Little to no coconut scent. o Weight: medium weight o Feel: greasy, semi-thick, and can sometimes be too heavy for the pores, especially with sensitive skin. o Absorption: Medium absorption. It may stay on the skin for several minutes until it soaks into the skin. o Color: clear to cloudy o Smell: slight coconut, sweet odor o Benefits: Great emollient to nourish, hydrate and moisturize skin. It is a slow oxidizing oil, meaning it has a longer shelf life than most vegetable oils. o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, digestive, cicatricant, vulnerary o Contraindications: use caution with coconut allergies.

• Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) o Source: pressed from the seeds of grapes (a by-product of winemaking) o Weight: fine, light o Feel: non-greasy o Absorption: fast absorbing o Color: clear to light yellow-ish tint o Smell: odorless o Benefits: It is hypo-allergenic and good for babies. It is an excellent choice for those whose skin does not absorb other oils very quickly. It is a great skin conditioner and moisturizer. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids (primarily 6 and 9), and vitamin E. I find this oil goes rancid rather quickly (less than 6 months) so you want to use it up. o Properties: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, soothing, vulnerary o Contraindications: non-irritating

• Jojoba - Simmondsia sinensis, Buxux sinensis o Source: Actually, it is a liquid wax, not an oil, pressed and filtered from the seeds of the jojoba plant. o Weight: Medium weight o Feel: semi-greasy, thick o Absorption: medium absorption, depending on skin hydration o Color: golden amber 67 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

o Smell: odorless o Benefits: Best used to moisturize and re-hydrate skin and scalp. Balances dry and oily skin patches. A good quality jojoba oil will solidify in fridge. o Properties: antibacterial, cicatrisant, tonic, vulnerary o Contraindications: Non-irritating

• Olive Oil - Olea europaea o Source: expeller-pressed from the olive fruit o Weight: semi-heavy o Feel: thick, oil o Absorption: Medium to longer absorption. It may stay on the skin for several minutes until it soaks into the skin. o Color: yellow to green o Smell: light, green, olive-like scent o Benefits: provides hydrating, nourishing and moisturizing benefits. The highest quality olive oil is the “extra virgin” as this is obtained from the first pressing and has the most vitamins and nutrients. This can be too thick if used in a roll-on bottle so dilute with a thinner oil. o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, nutritive, vulnerary o Contraindications: Avoid with people who are allergic to olives. For people with sensitive skin using topical applications, you will want to use a thinner, faster absorbing oil, since olive oil will stay on skin longer. This staying power can create sensitivities when combined with essential oils.

• Sea Salts o Source: bodies of water – lakes, sea o Weight: medium, depending on the size salt granules o Feel: grainy, granules o Absorption: the salts are non-absorbing however, when combined with warm water, they dissolve, and the saltwater absorbs easily via the pores. o Color: white, brown, yellow, pink depending on location derived from o Smell: slight salty smell o Benefits: are very mineralizing to the skin. They offer nourishment and help remove toxins and dead skin cells. It is best to find a supplier that obtains their salt from an environmentally safe and reputable location. o Properties: antispasmodic, detoxification, diaphoretic, exfoliant, cytophylactic, febrifuge, vulnerary o Contraindications: Do not use on open wounds

Niche Carrier Oils and Bases • Black Ointment o Source: usually a combination of herbals such as chaparral, charcoal, bentonite clay, comfrey, goldenseal root, lobelia, pine tar, mullein, plantain and other drawing herbs. o Weight: semi-solid, medium to heavy weight o Feel: greasy and emollient o Absorption: slow to average absorption, depending on the wound and hydration levels of the skin. o Color: dark brown to black o Smell: herbaceous, smoky, tar-like o Benefits: A drawing salve composed of several herbs such as chaparral, comfrey and lobelia, used to pull out splinters, warts, cysts, combat bacterial infections, and helps to heal hemorrhoids. You can make your own or purchase from a reputable company. o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antispasmodic, astringent, depurative, vermifuge o Contraindications: Do not apply to open wounds.

• Plant-Enzymes o Source: plant enzymes in a hydrogen water infusion o Weight: light weight o Feel: liquid o Absorption: fast absorbing o Color: light golden color o Smell: soap-like, fresh o Benefits: A combination of enzymes extracted from plants and combined with water to enhance the delivery of essential oils into tissue while offering more enhanced hydration, moisture, cellular repair, strength and function. o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antispasmodic, cicatrisant, febrifuge, hydrating, vulnerary o Contraindications: non-irritating

• Golden Salve o Source: combination of herbals such as olive oil, comfrey, goldenseal root, yarrow, white oak bark, marshmallow root, skullcap, mullein, chickweed o Weight: medium to heavy weight o Feel: greasy, emollient

o Absorption: medium to heavy absorption o Color: light golden yellow o Smell: fresh, semi-sweet, opening o Benefits: An antiseptic and disinfectant formula to help expedite wound healing, cuts, burns, bruises, yeast infections, diaper rash and cold sores. Not recommended for deep wounds or cuts. You can make your own or purchase from a reputable company. o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, vulnerary o Contraindications: Non-irritating

• Aqua-sol Silver o Source: nanoparticles of silver compounds o Weight: light o Feel: liquid o Absorption: quick absorbing o Color: clear o Smell: slight silver scent o Benefits: A solution of fine, nano-sized silver particles that are non-toxic and do not cause heavy metal contamination. There are several brands so you need to choose a high quality with nano-particles. Known for its immune supporting properties to combat bacteria, viruses and fungus. Do NOT mix aqua-sol silver with any type of salt as they bind together and eliminate the benefits, http://www.drgoped.com/diets/silver-uses/). o Properties: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-infectious, anti- inflammatory o Contraindications: Non-irritating. Avoid colloidal form of silver with casein sensitivities.

• Pau d’Arco Lotion o Source: made from pau d'arco herbal extract o Weight: semi-thick o Feel: smooth o Absorption: medium o Color: white to brown-ish o Smell: light o Benefits: Helps calm irritated, itching, dry and scaly skin. Combats fungal issues, insect bite irritation and hemorrhoids. o Properties: antifungal, antibacterial o Contraindications: non-irritating 70 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Lesson Ten: Application Methods: Inhalation, Topical & Internal We will not be learning about internal use of essential oils during this course. There is much training, education and understanding needed to properly use this method. This course will set the foundation of employing aromatherapy practices that will build your confidence, respect and appreciation for essential oils. We will discuss this application in Level II. I recommend seeking guidance from a trained Aromatherapist before engaging this method. While essential oils offer tremendous benefits, proper training, safety precautions and body system assessments should be considered. Essential oils contain chemical constituents that provide a variety of responses. When used in excess, they can overburden certain organs and lead to skin, tissue and organ irritations.

Inhalation: This produces an immediate effect, entering the nasal pathway in less than 1 second. • Diffuser: Nebulizing diffuser, Aromaball, Soapstone, Car diffuser o Cotton ball, pine cones, potpourri • Room, Body or Linen Spray: Distilled water, plant enzymes and essential oils • Steam: drizzle a couple of drops total of essential oil in a pan or bowl of hot water or in a facial steamer and breathe deeply. You may want to place a towel over your head to get a stronger effect of the oils emitted into the air.

Topical: This works the essential oils into the skin and ultimately the blood stream to deliver its therapeutic effects in approximately 2-5 minutes. You can apply neat which means directly on skin such as lavender. Apply in a massage oil or lotion. The essential oils are taken up by lymph system and delivered to where they need to go. Eucalyptus and thyme are 2 of most quickly absorbed essential oils. Essential oils usually remain in the body’s system for approximately 20-90 minutes before they are excreted via the urine, sweat, skin and exhaled.

• Compress: Add 5-10 total drops of essential oils to ½ - 1 cup of Epsom salts and mix well. Next, add in 16-32 oz. of hot or cold water and stir until the salts are dissolved. Dip a cloth into the water mixture and apply the cloth to the affected area. Cover with a cold or hot towel to keep the compress temperature constant and to drive in the benefit deeper into tissues. Examples: fever, swelling, inflammation, sprains, bruises, tense or stiff muscles. o Fever Reducer: 1 cup of Epsom salt, 3 drops lemon and 2 drops peppermint. Mix well. Add in 8 oz. of cold water and stir until dissolved. Dip washcloth in water and apply to forehead, neck or to the bottom of the feet. Leave on for 5-10 minutes and then repeat 3 times.

• Bath: Do not apply essential oils directly into bath water. Essential oils are not water soluble and will not dissolve in water. Dilute essential oils in bath salts, massage oil or lotion before adding to the bath water. o This method is good for relaxation, stimulation, circulation, edema, muscle aches and pains, hemorrhoids constipation or diarrhea.

• Mouthwash: This is helpful with mouth infections, cold sores, gum infections and bad breath. To use, dilute essential oils in coconut oil and/or glycerin and add plant enzymes and/or water. You can add in 1T of xylitol for an added antifungal benefit. Side note – xylitol is toxic to animals. o Gum Infection Buster: .25 oz. coconut oil, 3 drops myrrh, 2 drops clove, 2 drops lavender; followed by 1.75 oz. plant enzymes (or distilled water). Optional: 2T Aqua-sol Silver

• Neti Pot: This is helpful to relieve sinus congestion, infections, eye and ear problems. Add 1-2 drops total of essential oil to Neti salts and mix well. Add salt with water to fill the neti pot and use according to the directions. For an enhanced germ and bacteria fighting formula, alternate neti salts with aqua-sol silver every 4 hours (do NOT mix aqua-sol silver with any type of salts as they bind together and eliminate the benefits, http://www.drgoped.com/diets/silver-uses/).

• Suppository (anal) or Pessary (vaginal): This method can be used in instances of colitis, Crohn’s, food poisoning, yeast infections, vaginal dryness, etc. To use, mix essential oils in Golden Salve and stir well. You can add in aqua-sol silver liquid or gel for additional antibiotic benefits. o Take a dime size amount and place on a sheet of wax paper. o Roll into a green bean shape, wrap up in the wax paper and place in the freezer to harden. You will make several of these at one time so you may want to place in a freezer Ziplock® bag and label the bag. o Use as needed. Insert into affected area, letting it dissolve naturally.

• Perfume: From the Latin word meaning per fumare, “through smoke” – aromatic smoke from burning herbs (for healing ceremonies, cleansing bad spirits and healing ailments). Mix essential oils with massage oil in a perfume bottle, roll-on bottle or bottle with a pump top. Apply to neck, wrist and other pressure points. For a lasting effect, add to the tips of your hair. o Aphrodisia Perfume: Add 3 drops ylang ylang, 1 drop clary sage, 2 drops cinnamon and 1 drop lavender to a massage oil base.

Industry Update: The US Dept. of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, ATF, (27 CFR PART 21) prohibits the use of vodka and other intoxicating spirits as an ingredient in body care products without a permit. The ATF forbids the resale of drinking or beverage alcohol in perfumes and related products, regardless of whether you add essential oils, absolutes or other scenting materials. Adding beverage alcohols, such as vodka, to perfumes and then selling them is against the law because it is considered serving alcohol. Permits are required to serve alcohol. In order to stay within the law, you must use the formulas specified by US ATF for cosmetic applications. Local liquor control rules may also apply to beverage alcohol use in cosmetics and perfumes. (http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=232b492e5b0bb9ba2198b4a56f883d8b&rgn=div6&view=text&node=27:1.0.1.1.17.6&idno=27) 72 ©2018 JennScents, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ǀ www.JennScents.com

Lesson Eleven: Art of Blending – Notes, Intensity, Application Methods, Dilution Ratios Blending is not only a science but an art. Combining, integrating and marrying various essential oils to achieve a particular goal or purpose, can offer significant therapeutic benefits. When you are creating a custom blend, you want to blend with the outcome in mind. There are several factors to consider before you start formulating such as odor note, classification, intensity, purpose, chemistry, application, skin integrity and the person you are blending for. Quality of your ingredients is also important if you are seeking health and therapeutic benefits. An adulterated oil contains a different molecular structure, altered chemistry, scent recognition, delivery and excretion within the body. Note Layers Notes are layers of scent or smell and can offer different depths and dimension to a blend. It can give insight to an essential oil’s properties, intensity and longevity or staying power. Some notes are lighter and some are heartier, thus I have created an Essential Oil Note Spectrum to help you classify and identify where one falls.

• Top Note: Rating 1-3 o Most pungent and volatile o Vaporize quickly, last less than 30 minutes o Generally uplifting o Citrus oils

• Middle Note: Rating 4-7 o More stable, scent unfolds 1 minute – 3 hours after application o Blends out a softer tone o Soothing and balancing to the body o Floral, leaves, seeds, berries

• Base Note: Rating 8-10 o Least volatile, fixative, holds blends together longer o Heavier, thicker, deep, warm, sensuous o Generally relaxing, grounding o Roots, bark, woods, resins

3:2:1 Guideline for Blending • 3 drops of a top note to 2 drops of a middle note to 1 drop of a base note o Example: 3 drops lemon / 2 drops geranium / 1 drop frankincense

Odor Classification Scents can be classified or described such as fruity, citrus, floral, green, herbaceous, camphoraceous, spicy, woodsy/woody or licorice-like. Think about the scent description you are seeking, or combination of scents you want to partner together.

Aroma Intensity • Is the aroma of the essential oil light or strong? o Patchouli, frankincense – stronger scent, holds scent. o Lemon, pink grapefruit – lighter scent, need more of the oil to change a blend, especially if stronger notes are present.

Purpose Are you blending for something physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and/or environmental? The purpose can dictate your essential oil selection.

Follow your nose • Blend according to what you like. If you like an essential oil, add more of that one. If you are not fond of a particular scent, use very little or omit it all together from the recipe.

Olfactory Sensory Testing™ (OST) I conduct Olfactory Sensory Testing™ (OST) with clients to determine which scents they like the best. This is a system I developed, involving both the practitioner and client, to facilitate the process of selecting essential oils for a blend. Based on those pleasant scents, I create a formula then blend it up. When sensory testing, watch your client’s response. Do they smile, their eyes light up and shoulders relax? This would be a positive response. Or do they quickly move away from the scent, with their nose crinkled and mouth uttering unhappy words? This would be a negative response. A person’s body language can tell you a lot about that person. This will help you create a more effective blend, suited to meet their needs.

The process is as follows: • Practitioner will first select a variety of essential oils for the client to smell.

• Practitioner will hold the bottle, smelling it first to connect with the scent, then extend your arm to allow the client to waft it. Move it away from their nose before the exhale (to avoid contamination).

• Client will assign the scent a number on a scale of 1 to 10. 10 is the highest score meaning the client loves it! 1 means the client strongly dislikes the scent.

• Write down the scores after each essential oil. If you wait too long, you both will not remember the score given. This will allow you to formulate more accurately and efficiently. Using the scores the client gave to each essential oil, the practitioner will choose the final essential oils to be included in the blend. The scores will help the practitioner formulate the number of drops of each essential oil. For example, the higher the score for an essential oil, the higher number of drops will be included for that essential oil. Of course, the odors intensity will be considered when determining the number of drops for an essential oil to be included in the blend.

• I include the essential oils at the client assigned an 8, 9 or 10. Sometimes I include the oils that scored a 7, depending on the purpose of the blend.

Example: 2oz. Spray (looking for 18-24 total drops)

Essential Oil Score Include? Y/N Intensity # Drops

Sandalwood 5 No

Lavender 8 Yes Medium 3

Lemon 9 Yes Light to medium 4

Frankincense 7 No

Myrrh 4 No

Bergamot 8 Yes Light 3

Cinnamon 10 Yes Medium 5

Eucalyptus 8 Yes Medium 3

Thyme 5 No

Mandarin 10 Yes Light 5

Geranium 7 No

TOTAL DROPS 23

Other Factors You can review the essential oil chemistry and choose oils based on function. Application method might not necessarily help you choose essential oils for a blend, but it can guide you in the formulation process. For example, a bath salt may need less total drops that a massage oil. And knowing the person you are blending for is beneficial. Do they have allergies, sensitive or thin skin, are they an adult, child, elderly or pet?

Creating Blends The great thing about aromatherapy is that you really cannot mess up. A blend may be too strong or may not give the off the scent you desired but it will still offer therapeutic results. Blending is not like following a Betty Crocker™ recipe. If you don’t have an oil that the recipe calls for, omit it or find one of a similar scent or property (depending on the purpose of the blend.)

Before you begin a blend, you should always know what the purpose of the blend is. Is it for physical, mental or emotional concerns?

• If it is for a physical concern, I create a blend based on the essential oil properties. A pleasant scent is not my purpose, physical relief is. • If I am blending for a mental or emotional concern, a pleasant scent is required because people do not want to smell things they don’t like. If it doesn’t smell good, no one will use it. Blends only work when they are used.

When blending, it is important to ask questions. You can have a formal or informal interview process. The information you obtain is pertinent to which oils you will use in a blend and how much of each to use. Are they on any medication? Have any allergies? Any medical conditions? Current emotional state? Physical state? Current stress level? You get the picture. Get to know your customer as if they were a family member. The more you know, the more you can help them.

I find that most people don’t even know they need my help until they experience the power and effect of their first blend. This moves, shifts and alters their emotional state, having them crave more aromatherapy to help them work through issues they may not have known they had or were not ready to deal with. With aromatherapy comes responsibility. If you help a client work through some emotions issues, they may reach a point when they need professional help. Cultivate a good referral system with someone in your area.

Evaluate your client’s overall experience. Educate them about the effects they may experience with aromatherapy. An educated client is the best client. If they know what to expect and are not surprised by unfamiliar feelings, they will be sure to come back to you. This is your best source of referrals. When you help someone get well, they want to share it with everyone they know.

A good practice to incorporate into your daily routine, is have every client complete a Client Intake Form. You may choose to keep these (check with your state for record keeping guidelines) and update them as the client revisits you. It will also help you deliver personalized customer service.

Rules & Regulations Reference: http://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/regulations/

Dilution Ratios Dilution ratios will vary per person, per animal, per volume and per ailment.

• .5% dilution: for infants, seriously ill, frail and cats and tiny dogs

• 1% dilution: for children, pets and the elderly

• 2% dilution: for whole body massage. Most popular dilution.

• 4% dilution: for concentrated ailments. Used by a trained Aromatherapist for a specific situation and by massage therapists for a localized area of massage (i.e. shoulder, ankle, neck).

Measurements How many drops do you get out of a bottle of essential oil? Amounts will vary depending on the viscosity (thickness) of the essential oil. The thicker it is, the less drops per bottle. • 1 ml = approximately 20-25 drops

• 5 ml = 1 teaspoon or approximately 85-100 drops

• 15 ml = approximately 270-300 drops

• 1oz. = approximately 550-600 drops

Lesson Twelve: Final Blends

Now it’s time to put your aromatherapy knowledge, education and skills to the test. Let’s practice what you’ve learned. You will be making an aromatherapy blend to submit to JennScents as part of your certification completion. You must complete all three blends to receive full credit. These blends must be mailed to the JennScents Institute for formal review and grading. These blends will not be returned. You will need to upload your recipe card for each blend that include blend name, ingredients, instructions of use and contraindications, as well as include a hard copy with the actual mailed blend submission. Please mail your blends to:

JennScents Institute Attn: Jennifer Pressimone 11202 Misty Lake Dr. Clermont, FL 34715

Here are the guidelines for your blend preparation and submission:

Blend #1 • Choose your blend’s purpose • Select your essential oils • Select your carrier • Select your application method • Formulate the recipe • Create the blend • List any contraindications • Label o Visit the FDA website for information about proper labeling practices

Blend #2 Formulate and blend a 2oz. room spray using 2-5 essential oils that were only discussed during this course. Create a recipe card, room spray and label your blend.

Blend #3 Formulate and create a 4oz. bath salt using 2-5 essential oils that were only discussed during this course. Create a recipe card, bath salt and label your blend.

Level1 Holistic Aromatherapy Certification Course Assignments 1 & 2

1. Conduct five Case Studies/Client Consultations using the Client Intake Form included in the online lesson. Complete a Client Intake Questionnaire (included at the end of this workbook) in its entirety, including a minimum of 4 weeks of follow-up for each person. Report your recipe created for them and their results. You will need to upload you case studies for review and approval before moving on to the final exam. You can conduct your case studies on humans and/or pets.

2. Choose one book from the Recommended Reading List included in this workbook. Read the book and write a two-three page book report. Some topics to include, but not limited to, are how the information in the book impacts the aromatherapy community, it's effect on you personally and professionally, why you chose the book, three fundamental lessons you learned from the book, how you will benefit from the content and material in the book, your overall review of the book and two recipes you were inspired to create while reading the book. Please upload your book report in Word or PDF. Once your book report is uploaded, the instructor will need approximately 4-8 days to review and approve before you are able to move on to the final exam.

References

Jennifer Hochell Pressimone, JennScents Aromatherapy Custom Blending Bar Business Guide, 2005 Jennifer Pressimone, Holistic Aromatherapy Comprehensive Guide, 2015 Larissa Jones, Aromatherapy for Body, Mind & Spirit, 2001 Applied Aromatherapy, Kimberly Balas, ND, 2002 Salvatore Battaglia, Complete Book of Aromatherapy, 1995 Jeanne Rose, The Aromatherapy Book – Applications and Inhalations, 1992 Jeanne Rose, 375 Essential Oils and Hydrosols, 1999 Denise Sherman, Aromatherapy Basic Training, 2002 The Chemistry of Essential Oils made Simple, David Stewart, 2006

Recommended Reading List 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols, Jeanne Rose, 1999 Advanced Aromatherapy, Kurt Schnaubelt, 1995 Aromatherapy for Health Professionals, Shirley Price & Len Price, 1995 Aromatherapy Scent and Psyche, Peter & Kate Damian, 1995 Aromatherapy: A Life Time Guide to Healing with Essential Oils, Valerie Cooksley,1996 Bach Flower Remedies, Nora Weeks & Victor Bullen, 1998 Clean & Green, Annie Berthold-Bond, 1990 Coming Clean, Steven Horne, 2005 Essential Chemistry for Safe Aromatherapy, Sue Clarke, 2002 Heal Your Body, Louise Hay, 1982 Holistic Aromatherapy for Animals, Kristen Leigh Bell, 2002 If You Want Great Skin…Throw Away Your Cosmetics, Helen Bairstow and Jennifer Jeffries, 2004 JennScents Aromatherapy Custom Blending Bar Business Guide, Jennifer Hochell, 2005 JennScents Recipe Guide, Jennifer Hochell, 2005 Structure & Function of the Body, Gary Thibodeau & Kevin Patton, 2000 The Aromatherapy Book, Jeanne Rose, 1992 The Art of Aromatherapy, Robert Tisserand, 1977 The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple, David Stewart, 2005 The Complete Book of Essential Oils & Aromatherapy, Valerie Ann Worwood, 1991 The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, Salvatore Battaglia, 1995 The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils, Julia Lawless, 1992 The Fragrant Pharmacy, Valerie Ann Worwood, 1990 The Language of Medicine, Davi-Ellen Chabner, 1991 The Little Herb Encyclopedia, Jack Ritchardson, 1995 The Practice of Aromatherapy, Jean Valnet, 1980

Glossary of Properties

Analgesic: pain relieving Antibacterial: destroys bacteria (all essential oils are antibacterial) Antifungal: destroys fungus and mold Anti-inflammatory (Antiphlogistic): reduces inflammation Anti-pruritic: stops itching Antispasmodic: relieves spasms and cramping Antiviral: destroys viruses Aphrodisiac: arouses sexual desire Carminative: aids in the expulsion of gas from the intestines Cholagogue: aids in elimination of bile from gall bladder, bile ducts Cicatrisant: scar formation at location of a healing wound Decongestant: expels excess fluid build-up in sinuses, tissues and membranes Deodorant: eliminates body odors Diaphoretic: increases perspiration or sweat Emmenagogue: promotes menstruation Expectorant: promote expulsion of mucus Febrifuge: fever reducing Galactagogue: promotes production of milk Hepatic: relating or associated with the liver Nervine: supports nervous system and nerves Purgative: produces movement of bowels Relaxant: calms or relaxes nerves, organ, body and/or mind Rubefacient: reduces redness of the skin Stimulant: increases circulation, movements of body, mind or spirit Stomachic: stomach stimulant or tonic Vermifuge: destroys or expels worms Vulnerary: heals wounds

Please take a moment to carefully read the following health assessment goal, client disclaimer, and client declaration, and sign where indicated.

Health Assessment Goal: To provide relevant information from the client to the practitioner for the purposes of discussing main health goals.

Disclaimer: I understand the purpose of this consultation is for educational purposes only and is not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, prescribe or replace appropriate medical guidance. I have willingly requested this consultation with ______, a Holistic Phyto-Aromatherapist.

Client Declaration: • I am committed to learning a natural health path to enhance my quality of life that includes herbal supplements, aromatherapy and other natural health disciplines. • I desire to incorporate healthy habits into my lifestyle and way of living to create a better health environment. • I understand that it is my personal decision to follow a supplemental program or not to follow it. • I thoroughly understand that this analysis does not replace any additional professional counseling with any medical health care professional and is not intended to be in any way a diagnosis or conflict with any other recommendation or treatments by other practitioners who are licensed by state and federal laws, and also the decision to follow or reject this program is left to my own discretion. • In addition, I fully and completely understand that you do not treat nor do you make recommendations for the treatment of disease in any form or in any manner whatsoever, and I wish to assure you that I am in no way asking for such treatment.

CLIENT SIGNATURE: ______(e-signatures must be in the format of /name/ using a font other than Arial and Times New Roman)

DATE ______

CONSENT TO TREATMENT OF A MINOR By my signature below, I hereby authorize ______to conduct a health analysis service to my child or dependent as necessary.

SIGNATURE OF PARENT/GUARDIAN ______

Name: Address:

Phone: Email:

HEALTH CONCERNS, ALLERGIES, SURGERIES

List 1-12 major/chief health concerns, including allergies, surgeries and other important medical info

HEALTH GOALS – PHYSICAL, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL

List your top 3 health goals

DIGESTIVE

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Hungry all of the time Not able to “digest” a situation

Gas Self-esteem, self-worth

Bloating Confusion

Hard time gaining weight Feel like you are losing control

Poor appetite Loss of interest, negativity

Carving carbs and fats Feeling undernourished or taken care of

Heartburn or acid indigestion Can’t believe someone has “burned” you

Food sits heavy in stomach after eating Overwhelmed and overburdened

INTESTINAL

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Diarrhea Worry

Constipation Not letting a feeling or situation go

Allergies, hayfever Irritated by circumstances, feel attacked

Ulcers Self-doubt, not feel good enough

IBS, Colitis, Crohn’s Bombarded and overwhelmed

Itchy nose, ears Feel like you are being invaded

Nightmares Feel like you are being attacked

Hard time losing weight Depression and withdrawn

Muddled thinking, confusion Distracted easily

Body odor, bad breath Negative thoughts; negativity in general

HEPATIC (LIVER & GALL BLADDER)

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Liver congestion Anger, aggressive, assertive

High Cholesterol Over-protecting and controlling

Low Cholesterol Feel overpowered and defeated

Headaches – tension, migraines Harboring a heated situation

Hemorrhoids Fear about meeting personal demand or goal

RESPIRATORY

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Asthma, shortness of breath, wheezing Outburst of or uncontrollable grief

Sinus congestion Feeling stuck or suffocated

Bronchitis, pneumonia Silent grief

Dry cough Hurt, hopeless, despair

Wet cough or excess mucus production Guilt

URINARY

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Frequent urination (day and/or night) Annoyed about a circumstance or situation

Skin irritations, blemishes, dry skin Suppressed hostility, feel threatened

Excess oily skin Blame others

Excessive perspiration Feel superior

Limited or no perspiration Feel inferior

Scant or little urine with urge to go Feeling worthless

Excessive urine when voiding Bottling up or holding emotions in

Burning urination, frequent urinary tract Fear; Phobias

infections Incontinence and bladder leakage, bedwetting Lack of trust of self and others

Leg cramps, spasms Fear of the future

Lower back pain, backache Feel beaten down

Dizziness or light-headedness Nt feel centered, grounded or peaceful

Puffiness under the eyes Willingness to do something, lack of will-

power Gout Need to dominate, intolerant to others

LYMPHATIC

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Swollen lymph glands Feel stopped in your tracks, emotional

paralysis Edema, water retention Holding onto a negative emotion

Acne Not accept self or allow self to receive

CIRCULATION

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Poor circulation Feel stuck in life, nowhere to go

Varicose and/or spider veins Discouraged and disheartened

Wounds heal slowly in extremities Deep emotional wounding

Pale complexion, anemia Find excuses not to do something

Always feeling cold (hands, feet, extremities) Lack of movement in life, not driven

High Blood Pressure Deep emotional issues

Low Blood Pressure Lack of love in life, feel unloved

Heart issues; Heart palpitations Jealous, envious

Absent-minded, forgetful Feel alienated or lonely

Teeth & Gum Issues Feel wishy-washy about making decisions

IMMUNE

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Chronic illness Unresolved emotions

General weakness Stuck or entangled emotions

Extreme fatigue Exhausted from giving to others

Frequent cold sores, viral issues Something eating away at you, and making

you bitter Earaches Not want to hear what people are saying, or

surrounding turmoil (arguments) Sore throat, laryngitis Not able to express self or speak up for self

GLANDULAR

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Blood sugar issues (diabetes, mood, etc.) Loss of joy and sweetness in life

Craving for sugar Abandonment

Adrenal fatigue Loss of empowerment

Thyroid, underactive Lack of self-confidence

Thyroid, overactive Hysteria, paranoia

REPRODUCTIVE

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Excessive periods Resentment

Scant or little periods Oppressed

PMS cramping, bloating, discomfort PMS mood swings

Menopausal issues, hot flashes, night sweats Situation burning you up, not feel wanted

Loss of sexual desire Frigidity; Hard time connecting with someone

else Hard time being intimate Not love self

Infertility Not able to receive, feel worthless

Prostate issues Feel responsible to take care of others

Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction) Guilt

NERVOUS

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Stress affecting quality of life, nervous tension Hypersensitive

Low energy levels Boredom, lack of motivation

Fatigue in the afternoon Over-responsible and dutiful

Waking up frequently at night Self-blame

Startle easily, jumpy Suspicious, not feel safe

Insomnia – trouble getting to sleep Mental chatter

Insomnia – trouble staying asleep Restless, on edge

Anxiety, nervousness Impatient

Neuropathy Hysteria

STRUCTURAL (BONES, JOINTS, MUSCLES, HAIR, NAILS)

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Stiff, aching muscles, bones and/or joints in the Not able to move forward

front of the body Stiff, aching muscles, bones and/or joints in the Not able to let go of the past

back of the body Weak bones, osteopenia, osteoporosis No support system

Osteoarthritis; Mobility and flexibility issues Rigid, inflexible, hard-headed, stubborn

“X” Physical “X” Emotional Rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia Feel like a victim, everyone is out to get you

Brittle fingernails Not thriving or flourishing

Alopecia, losing hair Obsessive, compulsive

Skin pigmentation, scarring, discoloration Loss of identify, loss of individualism

LIFESTYLE QUESTIONS

General Questions Yes/No answers How many ounces of water do you drink a day? ______ounces List any prescriptions you are currently taking:

List any herbs and vitamins you are currently taking:

What time to you get to bed on average?

Have you ever used Aromatherapy before? If so, what have you used it for, and what were the results?

ADDIITONAL COMMENTS

BLEND FORMULATION

Blend Title: Blend Size: Blend Application: i.e. lotion, bath salt, roll-on, spray

List Essential Oils & Carriers List # of Drops Explanation for Choosing Your Selections Selected for Blend

BLEND INSTRUCTIONS

Instructions for Client How to use daily:

Number of times to use daily:

Length of use:

Anticipated Results:

Number of times to use daily:

Explain your recommendations:

CLIENT OBSERVATIONS & OUTCOMES: MUST REVIEW WITH THEM WEEKLY

Was Client Client Weekly Experience (results, experience, improvements, and challenges) Compliant? Week 1:

Week 2:

Week 3:

Week 4:

Month 2:

Month 3:

BLEND REFORMULATION AND/OR ADJUSTMENTS

Reason for additional blend?

List Essential Oils& Carriers Selected for Blend List # of Drops

FUTURE GOALS AND PLAN FOR THE NEXT 6-12 MONTHS