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Chapter 25: Taking Stock
Chapter 25 Taking Stock But: connecting the world meant that we also connected all the bad things and all the bad people, and now every social and political problem is expressed in software. We’ve had a horrible ‘oh shit’ moment of realisation, but we haven’t remotely worked out what to do about it. – Benedict Evans If you campaign for liberty you’re likely to find yourself drinking in bad company at the wrong end of the bar. –WhitDiffie 25.1 Introduction Our security group at Cambridge runs a blog, www.lightbluetouchpaper.org, where we discuss the latest hacks and cracks. Many of the attacks hinge on specific applications, as does much of the cool research. Not all applications are the same, though. If our blog software gets hacked it will just give a botnet one more server, but there are other apps from which money can be stolen, others that people rely on for privacy, others that mediate power, and others that can kill. I’ve already discussed many apps from banking through alarms to prepay- ment meters. In this chapter I’m going to briefly describe four classes of ap- plication at the bleeding edge of security research. They are where we find innovative attacks, novel protection problems, and thorny policy issues. They are: autonomous and remotely-piloted vehicles; machine learning, from adver- sarial learning to more general issues of AI in society; privacy technologies; and finally, electronic elections. What these have in common is that while previously, security engineering was about managing complexity in technology with all its exploitable side-e↵ects, we are now bumping up against complexity in human society. -
Cybercrime Digest
Cybercrime Digest Bi-weekly update and global outlook by the Cybercrime Programme Office of the Council of Europe (C-PROC) 16-30 June 2020 Source: Council of C-PROC series of cybercrime webinars continue: Europe materials available, next topics and dates announced Date: 30 Jun 2020 Initiated in April, the C-PROC series of webinars on cybercrime have continued in the second half of June with more sessions, respectively dedicated to Cybercrime in Africa and the challenges of international cooperation, co-organized by the U.S. Departement of Justice (USDoJ) and the Council of Europe in the framework of the GLACY+ Project, Introduction to Cyberviolence, conducted in the framework of the CyberEast Project, Cybercrime and Criminal Justice in Cyberspace the regional seminar dedicated to Asisa- Pacific, under the GLACY+ Project, and International standards on collection and handling of electronic evidence, under the CyberSouth Project. New webinars are scheduled for the next period: Cybercrime and Criminal Justice in Cyberspace, the series of seminars hosted by the European Union and the Council of Europe (Africa, EN - 7 July 2020; Africa, FR - 9 July 2020; Latin America and Caribbean, EN - 20 July; Latin America and Caribbean, ES - 22 July]. For further updates, please check our webinars dedicated webpage. Source: Council of CyberSouth: Regional workshop on interagency Europe cooperation on the search, seizure and confiscation of Date: 1 Jul 2020 on-line crime proceeds “CyberSouth project organised a regional online workshop on interagency cooperation on the search, seizure and confiscation of on-line crime proceeds, on the 1st of July 2020. The event gathered around 30 participants from Law Enforcement agencies, Financial Investigation Units and prosecutors of priority countries as well as experts from United Kingdom, Romania and FBI. -
Moving Forward EU-India Relations. the Significance of the Security
Moving Forward EU-India Relations The Significance of the Security Dialogues edited by Nicola Casarini, Stefania Benaglia and Sameer Patil Edizioni Nuova Cultura Output of the project “Moving Forward the EU-India Security Dialogue: Traditional and Emerging Issues” led by the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) in partnership with Gate- way House: Indian Council on Global Relations (GH). The project is part of the EU-India Think Tank Twinning Initiative funded by the European Union. First published 2017 by Edizioni Nuova Cultura for Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Via Angelo Brunetti 9 – I-00186 Rome – Italy www.iai.it and Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations Colaba, Mumbai – 400 005 India Cecil Court, 3rd floor Copyright © 2017 Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations (ch. 2-3, 6-7) and Istituto Affari Internazionali (ch. 1, 4-5, 8-9) ISBN: 9788868128531 Cover: by Luca Mozzicarelli Graphic composition: by Luca Mozzicarelli The unauthorized reproduction of this book, even partial, carried out by any means, including photocopying, even for internal or didactic use, is prohibited by copyright. Table of Contents Abstracts .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15 1. Maritime Security and Freedom of Navigation from the South China Sea and Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: -
Introduction to Internet Governance
For easy reference: a list of frequently The history of this book is long, in Internet time. The used abbreviations and acronyms original text and the overall approach, including AN INTRODUCTION TO TO AN INTRODUCTION the five-basket methodology, were developed APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation in 1997 for a training course on information ccTLD country code Top-Level Domain AN INTRODUCTION TO and communications technology (ICT) policy CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing for government officials from Commonwealth DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act countries. In 2004, Diplo published a print version DNS Domain Name System of its Internet governance materials, in a booklet DRM Digital Rights Management INTERNET entitled Internet Governance – Issues, Actors and GAC Governmental Advisory Committee Divides. This booklet formed part of the Information gTLD generic Top-Level Domain INTERNET Society Library, a Diplo initiative driven by Stefano HTML HyperText Markup Language Baldi, Eduardo Gelbstein, and Jovan Kurbalija. IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority GOVERNANCE Special thanks are due to Eduardo Gelbstein, who ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned made substantive contributions to the sections Names and Numbers GOVERNANCE dealing with cybersecurity, spam, and privacy, and ICC International Chamber of Commerce AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET GOVERNANCE Jovan Kurbalija to Vladimir Radunovic, Ginger Paque, and Stephanie aICT Information and Communications Jovan Kurbalija Borg-Psaila who updated the course materials. Technology Comments and suggestions from other colleagues IDN Internationalized Domain Name are acknowledged in the text. Stefano Baldi, Eduardo IETF Internet Engineering Task Force An Introduction to Internet Governance provides a comprehensive overview Gelbstein, and Vladimir Radunovic all contributed IGF Internet Governance Forum of the main issues and actors in this field. -
The 2016 Amendments to Criminal Rule 41: National Search Warrants to Seize Cyberspace, “Particularly” Speaking Devin M
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Student Publications School of Law 2017 The 2016 Amendments to Criminal Rule 41: National Search Warrants to Seize Cyberspace, “Particularly” Speaking Devin M. Adams University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-student-publications Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, and the Fourth Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Devin M. Adams, Comment, The 2016 Amendments to Criminal Rule 41: National Search Warrants to Seize Cyberspace, “Particularly” Speaking, 51 U Rich L. Rev. 727 (2017). This Response or Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Student Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE 2016 AMENDMENTS TO CRIMINAL RULE 41: NATIONAL SEARCH WARRANTS TO SEIZE CYBERSPACE, "PARTICULARLY' SPEAKING INTRODUCTION "One may know how to conquer without being able to do it."' George Orwell's dystopia, with the ever-watchful Big Brother, has seemingly become a reality with the recently passed amend- ments to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.2 Rule 41, governing searches and seizures, now permits magis- trate judges to authorize agents-under a single warrant-to "remotely access," and simultaneously search, copy and seize in- formation from an infinite number of unknown electronic devices in multiple districts anywhere in the country.' The unlimited ju- risdiction provision is triggered when a device's location is ob- scured through "technological means," or if agents are investigat- ing computer crimes in five or more districts4-regardless of whether the locations of the innumerable search targets are known. -
Privacidad Y Seguridad En Internet: La Web Oscura (Junio De 2016)
1 Privacidad y seguridad en internet: la web oscura (junio de 2016) Boris A. Gómez Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá Artículo para “The Hacking Day - Project” – www.thehackingday.com Resumen - La privacidad y seguridad en las comunicaciones obtengan acceso a los dispositivos? son inquietudes legítimas de quienes viven en regímenes represivos o, simplemente, de quienes desean evitar que sus Existen diversas tecnologías para resguardar privacidad y actividades personales sean observadas. El enrutamiento de seguridad, y la web oscura es una de las más reconocidas, sin cebolla, como también se le conoce a la red Tor, fue diseñado embargo, esa seguridad que brinda conduce a que muchos especialmente para ofrecer esta clase de seguridad y privacidad, delincuentes oculten sus actividades en ella. Las tecnologías pero existen muchas dudas sobre su efectividad, por lo que en que mejor representan a la web oscura son Tor e i2P, siendo este artículo revisamos sus fortalezas y deficiencias. El artículo Tor la red más utilizada y estudiada a nivel mundial, por lo estuvo enfocado en Tor, por ser la tecnología de la web oscura que ha estado expuesta a múltiples ataques. más reconocida, respaldada y estudiada a nivel mundial, aunque Por otra parte, la web oscura es un reto para las autoridades es necesario anotar que la seguridad en internet no depende exclusivamente de Tor. La cadena de seguridad está compuesta quienes, además de identificar, recopilar evidencias y ubicar a de múltiples elementos que deben considerarse al momento de los delincuentes que se ocultan en ella, necesitan probar, en intentar resguardarnos en esta red, por lo que el desconocimiento los tribunales, que esas evidencias han sido recopiladas de esta realidad puede ocasionar que la identidad y la ubicación conforme a la ley. -
A Framework for More Effective Dark Web Marketplace Investigations
information Article A Framework for More Effective Dark Web Marketplace Investigations Darren R. Hayes 1,2, Francesco Cappa 3,* ID and James Cardon 1 1 Seidenberg School of Computer Science & Information Systems, Pace University, One Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038, USA; [email protected] (D.R.H.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy 3 Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli University, Viale Pola 12, 00198 Roma, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 May 2018; Accepted: 23 July 2018; Published: 26 July 2018 Abstract: The success of the Silk Road has prompted the growth of many Dark Web marketplaces. This exponential growth has provided criminal enterprises with new outlets to sell illicit items. Thus, the Dark Web has generated great interest from academics and governments who have sought to unveil the identities of participants in these highly lucrative, yet illegal, marketplaces. Traditional Web scraping methodologies and investigative techniques have proven to be inept at unmasking these marketplace participants. This research provides an analytical framework for automating Dark Web scraping and analysis with free tools found on the World Wide Web. Using a case study marketplace, we successfully tested a Web crawler, developed using AppleScript, to retrieve the account information for thousands of vendors and their respective marketplace listings. This paper clearly details why AppleScript was the most viable and efficient method for scraping Dark Web marketplaces. The results from our case study validate the efficacy of our proposed analytical framework, which has relevance for academics studying this growing phenomenon and for investigators examining criminal activity on the Dark Web. -
Assessing the Challenges Affecting the Investigative Methods to Combat Online Child Exploitation Material Offenses
Aggression and Violent Behavior 55 (2020) 101464 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aggression and Violent Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aggviobeh Assessing the challenges affecting the investigative methods to combat ☆ online child exploitation material offenses T ⁎ Thomas J. Holta, , Jesse Caleb, Benoit Leclercb, Jacqueline Drewb a Michigan State University, United States of America b Griffith University, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Technology has dramatically simplified the process of engaging in a variety of crimes, particularly the dis- Child sexual exploitation tribution of child exploitation materials, or CEM. The ability to share photos and video across the globe through Sexual abuse high speed Internet connections and mobile devices has made it easy to access CEM. At the same time, tech- Policing nology has complicated the investigation of these crimes by increasing the scope of spaces to police that is Investigation operated by public and private entities. This review outlines the challenges inherent in the investigation of CEM Internet in the context of Wall's typology of policing online spaces, recognizing formal and informal sources of social Cybercrime control. The methods used by law enforcement to affect CEM are discussed, highlighting current limitations inherent in online investigations; namely the sheer scope of the problem and the nexus between rapid techno- logical advances and commensurate legal responses, among others. The review highlights the need for en- gagement from industrial and non-governmental organizations in addition to law enforcement in order to fa- cilitate the investigation of CEM offenses; strategies to improve the state of policing CEM need to include integrating public and private sphere responses to these offenses. -
Economic Aspects of Internet Security1
Economic aspects of Internet security1 Henk Kox2 and Bas Straathof3 CPB Background Document 1 We would like to thank Giuseppe Abbamonte, Jaap Akkerhuis, Esther van Beurden, Fokko Bos, Maarten Botterman, Alessandra Falcinelli, Eric Hertogh, Peter Hondebrink, Olaf Kolkman, Edgar de Lange, Michel van Leeuwen, Ronald van der Luit, René Nieuwenhuizen, Alex Noort, Mink Spaans, Michiel Stal, Paul Timmers, Michel Verhagen, Jan Westerman, Henry van der Wiel, Erwin Zijleman and others for insights and discussions. All errors and omissions are ours. 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] Executive summary The Internet has become a part of daily life for many people. And if the past decade is of any guidance, the role of the Internet in the economy is going to increase substantially. As a consequence of this rapid development, the security of communication over the Internet will become even more important than it already is today. The Internet is provided by a broad range of organizations with varying, and sometimes conflicting, objectives. The security of the Internet depends on the behaviour of all users (although in varying degrees) but these users often do not have sufficient incentives to invest in cyber security. Insights from economics help us to understand these incentives and may help to make the Internet a safer place. This background document surveys cyber security issues related to the Internet from an economic perspective, focusing on the role of markets and incentives. Cyber security covers four areas: Availability (can we use the Internet without interruptions?) Integrity (can we trust that data we transmit or store are not tampered with?) Privacy (can we trust that data is not used by parties whom we did not give permission?) Identity (do we know who we communicate with? how to protect against fishing and spam?). -
How to Address Dark Web Markets
Dark Web Markets HOW TO ADDRESS THE DARK WEB THREATS Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com About the Speaker 23 books (2 more in progress) Over 40 industry certifications 2 Masters degrees D.Sc. in Cybersecurity in progress 13 Computer science related patents Over 25 years experience, over 15 years teaching/training Helped create CompTIA Security+, Linux+, Server+. Helped revise CEH v8 Created ECES, created OSFCE Frequent consultant/expert witness Frequent speaker/presenter including: Defcon, Hakon India, Hakon Africa, SecureWorld, ISC2 Security Congress, AAFS, IAFSL, etc. Conducts security related training internationally www.chuckeasttom.com [email protected] Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com Tor Networks TOR, https://www.torproject.org/, is an anonymous network of proxy servers. One can use the TOR network to send any sort of network traffic, including emails. This makes tracing the traffic back to its source extremely difficult. Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com Accessing a website VIA TOR Each proxy just sends the packet on and only knows the last and next hop. Proxy #2 The path can change Users Machine Proxy #1 each route The target server only knows the last hop the packet came from The user only knows the first proxy in the chain Proxy #3 Proxy #4 Target Server. Onion site Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com IP address ??? What does this mean Searching from my home in Texas, it appears I am in Romania Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com 6 How they work Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com Search the dark web https://hss3uro2hsxfogfq.onion.to/ is a good general dark web search engine Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com 8 Torch http://xmh57jrzrnw6insl.onion/ Dark Web Threats with Chuck Easttom www.ChuckEasttom.com What’s for sale? U.S. -
Jovan Kurbalija Jovan 7Th Edition7th an Introduction to an Introduction INTERNET GOVERNANCE
About the author AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET GOVERNANCE Dr Jovan Kurbalija is the founding director of DiploFoundation and head of the Geneva Internet The history of this book is long, in Internet time. The Platform. A former original text and the overall approach, including the diplomat, his professional five-basket methodology, were developed in 1997 for and academic background a training course on information and communications is in international law, technology (ICT) policy for government officials from diplomacy, and information Commonwealth countries. In 2004, Diplo published technology. In 1992, he established the Unit for a print version of its Internet governance materials, Internet Governance – Issues, Information Technology and Diplomacy at the AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET GOVERNANCE An Introduction to in a booklet entitled Actors and Divides. This booklet formed part of the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies in Jovan Kurbalija Malta. After more than ten years of training, research, Information Society Library, a Diplo initiative driven and publishing, in 2002 the Unit evolved into by Stefano Baldi, Eduardo Gelbstein, and Jovan An Introduction to Internet Governance provides a comprehensive overview of the main is- DiploFoundation. Kurbalija. In 2008, a special, revised version of sues and actors in this field. Written in a clear and accessible way, supplemented with fig- the book, entitled simply An Introduction to Internet ures and illustrations, it focuses on the technical, security, legal, economic, development, Governance, was published in cooperation with Since 1994, Dr Kurbalija has been teaching courses INTERNET sociocultural, and human rights aspects of Internet governance. Providing a brief introduc- NIXI India on the occasion of the 2008 Internet on the impact of ICT/Internet on diplomacy and tion, a summary of major questions and controversies, and a survey of different views and Governance Forum (IGF) held in Hyderabad, India. -
A Primer on the Proliferation of Offensive Cyber Capabilities
#ACcyber ISSUE BRIEF A Primer on the Proliferation of Offensive Cyber Capabilities MARCH 2021 WINNONA DESOMBRE, MICHELE CAMPOBASSO, LUCA ALLODI, JAMES SHIRES, JD WORK, ROBERT MORGUS, PATRICK HOWELL O’NEILL, AND TREY HERR THE SCOWCROFT CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND SECURITY works to develop sustainable, nonpartisan strategies to address the most important security challenges facing EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the United States and the world. The Center honors General Brent ffensive cyber capabilities run the gamut from sophisticated, long-term Scowcroft’s legacy of service and disruptions of physical infrastructure to malware used to target human rights embodies his ethos of nonpartisan journalists. As these capabilities continue to proliferate with increasing commitment to the cause of security, O complexity and to new types of actors, the imperative to slow and counter their support for US leadership in cooperation with allies and partners, spread only strengthens. But to confront this growing menace, practitioners and and dedication to the mentorship of policy makers must understand the processes and incentives behind it. The the next generation of leaders. issue of cyber capability proliferation has often been presented as attempted THE CYBER STATECRAFT INITIATIVE export controls on intrusion software, creating a singular emphasis on malware works at the nexus of geopolitics and components. This primer reframes the narrative of cyber capability proliferation cybersecurity to craft strategies to to be more in line with the life cycle of cyber operations as a whole, presenting help shape the conduct of statecraft five pillars of offensive cyber capability: vulnerability research and exploit and to better inform and secure users development, malware payload generation, technical command and control, of technology.