DOCSLIB.ORG

Working Documents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working Documents European Communities EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT WORKING DOCUMENTS English Edition 1985-86 25 November 1985 SERIES A DOCUMENT A 2-160/85 REPORT drawn up on behalf of the Committee of Inquiry into the Rise of Fascism and Racism in Europe on the findings of the Committee of Inquiry Rapporteur Mr D. EVRIGENIS WG(VS)/2441/2464E PE 97.547/fin. Or. Fr. A Ser1es: Reports - B senes: Motions for ResolutiOfls, Oral Ouest1011s, Written Declarattoos. etc. - C Series: Documents recetved from other lnstltuttoos (e.g. Consultatioos) ... By Letter of 12 September 1984, Mr Rudi ARNDT, chairman of the Socialist Group of the European Parliament, requested the President of the European Parliament to set up a Committee of Inquiry into the Rise of Fascism and Racism in Europe under Rule 95 of the Rules of Procedure. Following the President•s positive decision on the request for admissibility of 28 September 1984, the European Parliament ratified the membership of the Committee of Inquiry and its terms of reference on 24 October 1984 and the committee met for the first time on 25 October 1984. • At its meeting of 28-29 November 1984 the Committee of Inquiry appointed Mr EVRIGENIS rapporteur. The committee considered the plan of the draft report, preliminary outline at its meeting of 22-23 January 1985; it held three public hearings on 30-31 January 1985, 25-26 February 1985 and 18-20 March 1985; it met on three occasions on 25-26 April 1985; 13-14 May 1985, 17-18 June 1985 to hear further contributions from various experts; it met subsequently on 25-26 September 1985 and 18-19 November 1985 to discuss the draft report. At its meeting of 18 and 19 November 1985 the committee adopted the report in a roll-call vote by 13 votes in favour, with one abstention. ' The following took part in the vote : Mr FORD, chairman; Mr PRAG and Mr CHAMBEIRON, vice-chairmen; Mr EVRIGENIS, rapporteur; Mrs d 1 ANCONA, Mr CASSIDY (deputizing for Mr Prout), Mrs FONTAINE, Mr HABSBURG, Mrs LARIVE-GROENENDAAL, Mr van der LEK, Mr ROTHLEY, Mr SELVA and Mrs VAN HEMELDONCK. The report was tabled on 22 November 1985. WG(VS)/2441E/2464E - 3 - PE 97.547 I fin. • C 0 N T E N T S Para 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1 .1 Background ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 1-23 1 .1.1 The Establishment of the Committee ••••••••••••••• 6 1-6 1 .1 • 2 Legal bases and interpretation of the mandate of the Committee of Inquiry ......................... 7 7-11 1 .1 .3 Terms of Reference ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 12 1 .1.4 Working Procedures and Methods 8 13-19 • 1 .1 • 5 Documentation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 20 1.1.6 Written Evidence ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 21 1 .1 • 7 Hearings and public meetings ••••••••••••••••••••• 9 22 1 .1 .8 Visits •.........•.•...•.........••.•..••..•.•...• 11 23 1. 2 Acknowledgements ................................. 11 24 1.3 Importance of the inquiry. Community concern ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• : •• 11 25 1.4 Scope of the subject and Limits of the inquiry •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 26 1.5 Definitions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 27-44 1 .5 .1 Fascism: Definitions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 27-35 1.5.2 Ra c i s m: De fin i t ions •.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 36-44 1.6 The link between fascism and racism •••••••••••••• 20 45-47 2., THE SITUATION AND ITS -CAUSES '2 .1 Foreword •A••··································· 21 48-51 2.2 The European Community ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 52-166 2.2.1 Federal RepUblic of Germany ..................... 22 52-74 2.2.2 Belgium •••••••••••··~··•••••••••••••••••a•••••• 29 75-84 2.2.3 Denmark ······~································· 31 85-88 2.2.4 France ......................................... 31 89-104 2.2.5 Greece 37 105-110 2.2.6 Irel~nd •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 111-113 2.2.7 Italy .~ •• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 114-119 2.2.8 Luxembourg .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 120 2.2.9 The Netherlands ................................ 41 121-130 2.2.10 Uni~ed Kingdom •••••• ~····~······················ 43 131-153 2.2.11 Spa 1 n •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,•••••••••••• 50 154-165 2.2.12 Portugal ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 166 2.3 Other Europea·n countries ••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 167-198 2.3.1 Austria •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 167-177 2.3-.2. Norway ••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 178 2.3.3 Sweclen ····································~··· 54 179-180 2.3.4 Switzerland ••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 181-183 2.3.5 Turkey ......................................... 55 184-186 2.3.6 Eastern Europe ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 187-198 2.4 International Links •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 58 199-200 2.5 The situation: Summing up •••••••••••••••••••••• 59 201-209 2.6 Towards an identification of the causes •••••••• 61 210-220 2.. 6.1 The economic situation and the rise of extremist movements •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 218-220 2.7 Are fascism and racism on the increase? ········~ 65 221-226 WG(VS)/2441E/2464E - 4 - PE 97.547/fin. Page Para 3. ACTION AGAINST FACISM AND RACISM 3.1 Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 227-228 3.2 The international dimension •••••••••••••••••••••• 67 229-242 3.2.1 Racism and racial discrimination ••••••••••••••••• 67 230-241 3.2.2 Right-wing extremism and authoritarian regimes ••• 69 242 3.3 The European dimension ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 70 243-249 3.4 The Community dimension •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 71 250-257 3.4.1 Right-wing extremism ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 72 252-254 3.4.2 Racism and racial discrimination ••••••••••••••••• 72 255-257 3.5 The National dimension ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 258-273 3.5.1 Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 258 3.5.2 Right-wing extremism ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 259-264 • 3.5.3 Racism and racial discrimination ••••••••••••••••• 75 265-271 3.5.4 General remarks •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 272-273 3.6 Education- Civic education •••••••••••••••••••••• 77 274-281 3.7 Information media •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 80 282-285 3.8 Organized social reaction •••••••••••••••••••••••• 81 286-290 3.9 Cultural action •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 83 ••• 291-294 4. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS - RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 General considerations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 84 295-308 4.2 Recommendations of the rapporteur ••••••••••••••••• 87 309 4. 2.1 At the institutional level ••••••••••••••••••••••• 87 a - n 4.2.2 At the level of information •••••••••••••••••••••• 88 a - f 4.2.3 At the level of education •••••••••••••••••••••••• 89 a - f 4.2.4 At the level of action by social forces •••••••••• 90 a - d 4.2.5 Guidelines for general debate •••••••••••••••••••• 90 a - d 5. CONCLUSIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 91 5.1-5.21 6. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY 6.1 At the institutional level ••••••••••••••••••••••• 94 a - n 6.2 At the level of information •••••••••••••••••••••• 95 a - f 6.3 At the level of education •••••••••••••••••••••••• 96 a - f 6.4 At the level of action by social forces •••••••••• 97 a - d 6.5 Guidelines for general debate •••••••••••••••••••• 97 a - d ANNEXES: 1. Footnotes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 99 2. Points for consideration by the experts at the hearings ••• 3. Documentation and bibliography A. Experts and guests at the hearings and public meetings B. List of experts and organizations who or which forwarded written submissions C. Documentation from the national parliaments and the European Parliament ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• D. list of works consulted ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• E. List of other publications and periodicals consulted •• .. F. Other documentation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4. Submissions by the experts at the hearings ••••••••••••••• WG(VS)/2441E/2464E - 5 - PE 97.547/fin. 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.1.1 The Establishment of the Committee 1. By Letter of 12 September 1984, Mr Rudi ARNDT, Chairman of the Socialist Group of the European Parliament, informed the President of the European Parliament that more than 109 Members had signed the proposal to establish a Committee of Inquiry to examine the Rise of Fascism and Racism in Europe. The President agreed to implement the proposal as soon as possible pursuant to Rule 95 of the Rules of Procedure. The Letter was accompanied by the request, signed by 113 Members, specifying the terms of reference (see 1.1.3. below). 2. This request and the Letter were discussed by the Bureau of the European Parliament at its meeting of 28 September 1984. After a wide-ranging exchange of views on the compatibility of the request with Rule 95(1.) of the Rules of Procedure, the President took the decision, in accordance with the interpretation given by the Committee on the Rules of Procedure to Rule 95(1.>, that the request met the criteria Laid down in the Rules of Procedure and that it was therefore admissible. The Bureau decided that the composition of the Committee of Inquiry should not exceed fifteen Members,. that the final report should be submitted to the House by 30 June 1985 (1), and asked the political groups to submit proposals for the allocation of seats and to forward the List of Members to serve on the Committee in time for the Bureau meeting on 9 October 1984. 3. The matter was raised again at the Bureau meeting of 9 October and subsequently at its meeting of 23 October at which the names of Members for the Committee of Inquiry had been submitted. The President announced in plenary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Political Discourse of Extreme Right in Western Europe in the Light of “Classical” Fascism: the Case of the Front National in France
    THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF EXTREME RIGHT IN WESTERN EUROPE IN THE LIGHT OF “CLASSICAL” FASCISM: THE CASE OF THE FRONT NATIONAL IN FRANCE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY UTKU USTA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DECEMBER 2007 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. RaĢit Kaya Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Okyayuz Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Okyayuz (METU, ADM) Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet YetiĢ (AU, ADM) Instructor Dr. BarıĢ Çakmur (METU, ADM) PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Utku Usta Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF EXTREME RIGHT IN WESTERN EUROPE IN THE LIGHT OF “CLASSICAL”FASCISM: THE CASE OF THE FRONT NATIONAL IN FRANCE Usta, Utku M. S., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Doctor' by Lucía Puenzo Nathan W
    Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2016 History, Historical Fiction, and Historical Myth: 'The German Doctor' by Lucía Puenzo Nathan W. Cody Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the European History Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Cody, Nathan W., "History, Historical Fiction, and Historical Myth: 'The German Doctor' by Lucía Puenzo" (2016). Student Publications. 438. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/438 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/ 438 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. History, Historical Fiction, and Historical Myth: 'The German Doctor' by Lucía Puenzo Abstract The se cape of thousands of war criminals to Argentina and throughout South America in the aftermath of World War II is a historical subject that has been clouded with mystery and conspiracy. Lucía Puenzo's film, The German Doctor, utilizes this historical enigma as a backdrop for historical fiction by imagining a family's encounter with Josef Mengele, the notorious SS doctor from Auschwitz who escaped to South America in 1949 under a false identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe
    This page intentionally left blank Populist radical right parties in Europe As Europe enters a significant phase of re-integration of East and West, it faces an increasing problem with the rise of far-right political par- ties. Cas Mudde offers the first comprehensive and truly pan-European study of populist radical right parties in Europe. He focuses on the par- ties themselves, discussing them both as dependent and independent variables. Based upon a wealth of primary and secondary literature, this book offers critical and original insights into three major aspects of European populist radical right parties: concepts and classifications; themes and issues; and explanations for electoral failures and successes. It concludes with a discussion of the impact of radical right parties on European democracies, and vice versa, and offers suggestions for future research. cas mudde is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at the University of Antwerp. He is the author of The Ideology of the Extreme Right (2000) and the editor of Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe (2005). Populist radical right parties in Europe Cas Mudde University of Antwerp CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521850810 © Cas Mudde 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets and Bombs: the Piazza Fontana Bombing and the Strategy of Tension - Luciano Lanza
    Secrets and Bombs: The Piazza Fontana bombing and the Strategy of Tension - Luciano Lanza Secrets and Bombs 21: TIMETABLE – A Basic Chronology (with video links) January 29, 2012 // 1 2 Votes Gladio (Italian section of the Clandestine Planning Committee (CPC), founded in 1951 and overseen by SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe) 1969 25 April — Two bombs explode in Milan: one at the FIAT stand at the Trade Fair and another at the bureau de change in the Banca Nazionale delle Communicazione at Central Station. Dozens are injured but none seriously. AnarchistsEliane Vincileone, Giovanni Corradini, Paolo Braschi,Paolo Faccioli, Angelo Piero Della Savia and Tito Pulsinelliare arrested soon after. 2 July — Unified Socialist Party (PSU), created out of an amalgamation of the PSI and the PSDI on 30 October 1966, splits into the PSI and the PSU. 5 July — Crisis in the three-party coalition government (DC, PSU and PRI) led by Mariano Rumor. 5 August — Rumor takes the helm of a single party (DC — Christian Democrat) government. 9 August — Ten bombs planted on as many trains. Eight explode and 12 people are injured. 7 December — Corradini and Vincileone are released from jail for lack of evidence. Gladio 12 December — Four bombs explode. One planted in the Banca Nazionale dell’Agricoltura in the Piazza Fontana in Milan claims 16 lives and wounds a further hundred people. In Rome a bomb explodes in the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, wounding 14, and two devices go off at the cenotaph in the Piazza Venezia, wounding 4. Another bomb — unexploded — is discovered at the Banca Commerciale in the Piazza della Scala in Milan.
    [Show full text]
  • ICRC President in Italy…
    INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS ICRC President in Italy... The President of the ICRC, Mr. Alexandre Hay, was in Italy from 15 to 20 June for an official visit. He was accompanied by Mr. Sergio Nessi, head of the Financing Division, and Mr. Melchior Borsinger, delegate-general for Europe and North America. The purpose of the visit was to contact the Italian authorities, to give them a detailed account of the ICRC role and function and to obtain greater moral and material support from them. The first day of the visit was mainly devoted to discussions with the leaders of the National Red Cross Society and a tour of the Society's principal installations. On the same day Mr. Hay was received by the President of the Republic, Mr. Sandro Pertini. Other discussions with government officials enabled the ICRC delegation to explain all aspects of current ICRC activities throughout the world. Mr. Hay's interlocutors were Mr. Filippo Maria Pandolfi, Minister of Finance; Mr. Aldo Aniasi, Minister of Health; Mrs. Nilde Iotti, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies; Mr. Amintore Fanfani, President of the Senate; Mr. Paulo Emilio Taviani, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies' Foreign Affairs Commission and Mr. Giulio Andreotti, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission. Discussions were held also with the leaders of the Italian main political parties. On 20 June President Hay, Mr. Nessi and Mr. Borsinger were received in audience by H.H. Pope John-Paul II, after conferring with H.E. Cardinal Casaroli, the Vatican Secretary of State, and H.E. Cardinal Gantin, Chairman of the "Cor Unum" Pontifical Council and of the pontifical Justice and Peace Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Far-Right Anthology
    COUNTERINGDEFENDING EUROPE: “GLOBAL BRITAIN” ANDTHE THEFAR FUTURE RIGHT: OFAN EUROPEAN ANTHOLOGY GEOPOLITICSEDITED BY DR RAKIB EHSAN AND DR PAUL STOTT BY JAMES ROGERS DEMOCRACY | FREEDOM | HUMAN RIGHTS ReportApril No 2020. 2018/1 Published in 2020 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society Millbank Tower 21-24 Millbank London SW1P 4QP Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society, 2020. All rights reserved. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees. Title: “COUNTERING THE FAR RIGHT: AN ANTHOLOGY” Edited by Dr Rakib Ehsan and Dr Paul Stott Front Cover: Edinburgh, Scotland, 23rd March 2019. Demonstration by the Scottish Defence League (SDL), with supporters of National Front and white pride, and a counter demonstration by Unite Against Facism demonstrators, outside the Scottish Parliament, in Edinburgh. The Scottish Defence League claim their protest was against the sexual abuse of minors, but the opposition claim the rally masks the SDL’s racist beliefs. Credit: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert/Alamy Live News. COUNTERINGDEFENDING EUROPE: “GLOBAL BRITAIN” ANDTHE THEFAR FUTURE RIGHT: OFAN EUROPEAN ANTHOLOGY GEOPOLITICSEDITED BY DR RAKIB EHSAN AND DR PAUL STOTT BY JAMES ROGERS DEMOCRACY | FREEDOM | HUMAN RIGHTS ReportApril No 2020. 2018/1 Countering the Far Right: An Anthology About the Editors Dr Paul Stott joined the Henry Jackson Society’s Centre on Radicalisation and Terrorism as a Research Fellow in January 2019. An experienced academic, he received an MSc in Terrorism Studies (Distinction) from the University of East London in 2007, and his PhD in 2015 from the University of East Anglia for the research “British Jihadism: The Detail and the Denial”.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of a Crisis
    Page 7 Chapter 2 Munich: Anatomy of A Crisis eptember 28, 1938, “Black Wednesday,” dawned on a frightened Europe. Since the spring Adolf Hitler had spoken often about the Sudetenland, the western part of Czechoslovakia. Many of the 3 Smillion German-speaking people who lived there had complained that they were being badly mistreated by the Czechs and Slovaks. Cooperating closely with Sudeten Nazis, Hitler at first simply demanded that the Czechs give the German-speakers within their borders self-government. Then, he upped the ante. If the Czechs did not hand the Sudetenland to him by October 1, 1938, he would order his well-armed and trained soldiers to attack Czechoslovakia, destroy its army, and seize the Sudetenland. The Strategic Location of the Sudetenland Germany’s demand quickly reverberated throughout the European continent. Many countries, tied down by various commitments and alliances, pondered whether—and how—to respond to Hitler’s latest threat. France had signed a treaty to defend the Czechs and Britain had a treaty with France; the USSR had promised to defend Czechoslovakia against a German attack. Britain, in particular, found itself in an awkward position. To back the French and their Czech allies would almost guarantee the outbreak of an unpredictable and potentially ruinous continental war; yet to refrain from confronting Hitler over the Sudetenland would mean victory for the Germans. In an effort to avert the frightening possibilities, a group of European leaders converged at Munich Background to the Crisis The clash between Germany and Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland had its origins in the Versailles Treaty of 1919.
    [Show full text]
  • Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: the Evolution of a Doctrine
    www.doew.at Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: The Evolution of a Doctrine Published in: Hermann Kurthen/Rainer Erb/Werner Bergmann (ed.), Anti-Sem- itism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification, New York–Oxford 1997 Development of “revisionism” since 1945 Most people understand so called „revisionism“ as just another word for the movement of holocaust denial (Benz 1994; Lipstadt 1993; Shapiro 1990). Therefore it was suggested lately to use the word „negationism“ instead. How- ever in the author‘s point of view „revisionism“ covers some more topics than just the denying of the National Socialist mass murders. Especially in Germany and Austria there are some more points of National Socialist politics some people have tried to minimize or apologize since 1945, e. g. the responsibility for World War II, the attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 (quite a modern topic), (the discussion) about the number of the victims of the holocaust a. s. o.. In the seventies the late historian Martin Broszat already called that movement „run- ning amok against reality“ (Broszat 1976). These pseudo-historical writers, many of them just right wing extremist publishers or people who quite rapidly turned to right wing extremists, really try to prove that history has not taken place, just as if they were able to make events undone by denying them. A conception of “negationism” (Auerbach 1993a; Fromm and Kernbach 1994, p. 9; Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz 1994) or “holocaust denial” (Lipstadt 1993, p. 20) would neglect the additional components of “revision- ism”, which are logically connected with the denying of the holocaust, this being the extreme variant.
    [Show full text]
  • European Parliament Elections 2014
    European Parliament Elections 2014 Updated 12 March 2014 Overview of Candidates in the United Kingdom Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 CANDIDATE SELECTION PROCESS ............................................................................................. 2 3.0 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS: VOTING METHOD IN THE UK ................................................................ 3 4.0 PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW OF CANDIDATES BY UK CONSTITUENCY ............................................ 3 5.0 ANNEX: LIST OF SITTING UK MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ................................ 16 6.0 ABOUT US ............................................................................................................................. 17 All images used in this briefing are © Barryob / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0 / GFDL © DeHavilland EU Ltd 2014. All rights reserved. 1 | 18 European Parliament Elections 2014 1.0 Introduction This briefing is part of DeHavilland EU’s Foresight Report series on the 2014 European elections and provides a preliminary overview of the candidates standing in the UK for election to the European Parliament in 2014. In the United Kingdom, the election for the country’s 73 Members of the European Parliament will be held on Thursday 22 May 2014. The elections come at a crucial junction for UK-EU relations, and are likely to have far-reaching consequences for the UK’s relationship with the rest of Europe: a surge in support for the UK Independence Party (UKIP) could lead to a Britain that is increasingly dis-engaged from the EU policy-making process. In parallel, the current UK Government is also conducting a review of the EU’s powers and Prime Minister David Cameron has repeatedly pushed for a ‘repatriation’ of powers from the European to the national level. These long-term political developments aside, the elections will also have more direct and tangible consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Extremism in the 1920S and 1930S: Do German Lessons Generalize?G 
    Political Extremism in the 1920s and 1930s: Do German Lessons Generalize?G ALAN DE BROMHEAD, BARRY EICHENGREEN, AND KEVIN H. O’ROURKE We examine the impact of the Great Depression on the share of votes for right- wing extremists in elections in the 1920s and 1930s. We confirm the existence of a link between political extremism and economic hard times as captured by growth or contraction of the economy. What mattered was not simply growth at the time of the election, but cumulative growth performance. The impact was greatest in countries with relatively short histories of democracy, with electoral systems that created low hurdles to parliamentary representation, and which had been on the losing side in World War I. he impact of the global credit crisis and Great Recession has been Tmore than just economic. In both parliamentary and presidential democracies, governments have been ousted. Hard economic times have increased political polarization and bred support for nationalist and right-wing political parties. All this gives rise to fears that economic hard times will feed political extremism, as it did in the 1930s. Memories of the 1930s inform much contemporary political commentary, just as they inform recent economic commentary. But exactly what impact the interwar depression and economic crisis had on the electoral fortunes of extremist parties has not been systematically studied.1 Many of our intuitions about the links between The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 73, No. 2 (June 2013). © The Economic History Association. doi: 10.1017/S0022050713000302. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Building a Nazi Europe the Sss Germanic Volunteers 1St Edition Pdf
    FREE BUILDING A NAZI EUROPE THE SSS GERMANIC VOLUNTEERS 1ST EDITION PDF Martin R Gutmann | 9781107155435 | | | | | List of books about Nazi Germany - Wikipedia Neo-Nazism consists of post- World War II militant, social or political movements seeking to revive and implement the ideology of Nazism. Neo- Nazis seek to employ their ideology to promote hatred and attack minorities, or in some cases to create a fascist state. Neo-Nazism is a global phenomenon, with organized representation in many countries and international networks. It borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including ultranationalismracismxenophobiaableismhomophobiaanti-Romanyismantisemitismanti-communism and initiating the Fourth Reich. Holocaust denial is also a common feature espoused by neo-Nazis. In some European and Latin Building a Nazi Europe The SSs Germanic Volunteers 1st edition countries, laws prohibit the expression of pro-Nazi, racist, anti-semitic, or homophobic views. Many Nazi-related symbols are banned in European countries especially Germany in an effort to curtail neo-Nazism. The term neo-Nazism describes any post- World War II militant, social or political movements seeking to revive the ideology of Nazism in whole or in part. The term neo-Nazism can also refer to the ideology of these movements, which may borrow elements from Nazi doctrine, including ultranationalismanti- communismracismableismxenophobiahomophobiaanti-Romanyismantisemitismup to initiating the Fourth Reich. Holocaust denial is a common feature, as is the incorporation of Nazi symbols and admiration of Adolf Hitler. Neo-Nazism is considered a particular form of far-right politics and right-wing extremism. Neo-Nazi writers have posited a spiritual, esoteric doctrine of racewhich moves beyond the primarily Darwinian -inspired materialist scientific racism popular mainly in the Anglosphere during the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Vox: a New Far Right in Spain?
    VOX: A NEW FAR RIGHT IN SPAIN? By Vicente Rubio-Pueyo Table of Contents Confronting the Far Right.................................................................................................................1 VOX: A New Far Right in Spain? By Vicente Rubio-Pueyo....................................................................................................................2 A Politico-Cultural Genealogy...................................................................................................3 The Neocon Shift and (Spanish) Constitutional Patriotism...................................................4 New Methods, New Media........................................................................................................5 The Catalonian Crisis..................................................................................................................6 Organizational Trajectories within the Spanish Right............................................................7 International Connections.........................................................................................................8 VOX, PP and Ciudadanos: Effects within the Right’s Political Field....................................9 Populist or Neoliberal Far Right? VOX’s Platform...................................................................9 The “Living Spain”: VOX’s Discourse and Its Enemies............................................................11 “Make Spain Great Again”: VOX Historical Vision...................................................................13
    [Show full text]