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Coastal Propagation and Reveg Coastal Propagation and Revegetation Manual Coastal Propagation and Revegetation Manual Acknowledgements This manual has been developed as part of the Coastal corridor enhancement through restoration, propagation and revegetation project supported through funding from the Australian Government’s Biodiversity Fund. Andrew Erskine: Original author and illustrator of coastal plant propagation manual. Mike Delaney: Propagation of littoral rainforest species. Carol Erskine: Information on vegetative reproduction Justin Couper & Maree Thompson: Editorial assistance 2013. EnviTE Environment First Floor, 56 Carrington St, LISMORE NSW 2480 PO Box 1124, LISMORE NSW 2480 Ph: 02 6621 9588 Fax: 02 6622 2518 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.envite.org.au EnviTE Environment i Coastal Propagation and Revegetation Manual Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................II INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1 ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION ........................................................................................... 2 1.1 RETAIN AND CONSERVE EXISTING NATURAL AREAS ................................................................... 2 1.2 REGENERATE .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 REPLANT LAST ................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 REASONS FOR PLANTING ................................................................................................... 4 2 WEB-BASED RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 5 2.1 FLORABANK GUIDELINES .................................................................................................... 5 2.2 MILLENNIUM SEEDBANK ................................................................................................... 6 2.3 AUSTRALIAN SEEDBANK PARTNERSHIP .................................................................................. 6 PROJECT PLANNING AND SITE ASSESSMENT ......................................................................... 7 3.1 SITE RESTORATION PLANNING ............................................................................................. 7 3.1.1 SITE ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2 BUSH REGENERATION AND PLANTING OPTIONS ........................................................................... 7 3.2 SPECIES SELECTION AND GENETIC INTEGRITY ........................................................................... 8 3.2.2 KEEPING COLLECTION RECORDS ................................................................................................ 9 3.2.3 LEGAL ASPECTS OF SEED COLLECTION ......................................................................................... 9 3.3.4 RECOMMENDED SEED COLLECTION PRACTICES .......................................................................... 10 PROPAGATING PLANTS SAFELY .......................................................................................... 11 4.1 SAFETY GUIDELINES ....................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1 HANDLING POTTING MIXES ...................................................................................................... 11 4.4 HYGIENE IN PLANT PROPAGATION ...................................................................................... 14 4.4.1 CUTTING AND SEED COLLECTION ............................................................................................. 14 4.4.2 CUTTING PREPARATION......................................................................................................... 15 4.4.3 PROPAGATING..................................................................................................................... 15 4.4.4 BENCHES AND OTHER WORKING SURFACES ............................................................................... 15 4.4.5 FLOORS AND PATHWAYS ....................................................................................................... 16 5 PLANT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES ............................................................................. 16 5.1 WHY GROW NATIVE PLANTS? ........................................................................................... 16 5.2 HOW A SEED WORKS ...................................................................................................... 16 5.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR GERMINATION ................................................................................... 18 5.3.1 STAGES IN SEED GERMINATION ............................................................................................... 19 EnviTE Environment ii Coastal Propagation and Revegetation Manual 5.4 OVERCOMING INHIBITORS ............................................................................................... 19 5.5 SEED TREATMENTS ........................................................................................................ 20 5.5.1 HARD SEEDS ....................................................................................................................... 20 5.5.2 REMOVING FLESHY FRUIT ...................................................................................................... 21 5.5.3 LEACHING ........................................................................................................................... 21 5.5.4 SMOKE TREATMENTS ........................................................................................................... 21 5.5.5 OPENING BANKSIA FRUIT ...................................................................................................... 22 5.5.6 DRYING WOODY CAPSULES TO RELEASE SEED ............................................................................ 23 5.5.7 WETLAND METHOD .............................................................................................................. 23 5.5.8 MULTIPLE SEED TREATMENTS................................................................................................. 23 5.5.9 SEED STORAGE .................................................................................................................... 24 5.6 VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 24 5.6.1 COLLECTING CUTTINGS. ........................................................................................................ 24 5.6.2 HYGIENE ............................................................................................................................ 25 5.6.3 PREPARATION OF CUTTINGS. .................................................................................................. 25 5.6.4 DIVISION ............................................................................................................................ 28 5.7 PROPAGATION MIXES ..................................................................................................... 28 5.8 SEED RAISING STRUCTURES .............................................................................................. 29 5.9 POTTING ON SEEDLINGS .................................................................................................. 31 PROPAGATION METHODS .................................................................................................. 33 6.1 COASTAL PLANT PROPAGATION ......................................................................................... 33 6.2 LITTORAL RAINFOREST PLANT PROPAGATION ....................................................................... 37 PLANTING GUIDELINES ...................................................................................................... 40 7.1 WHEN IS PLANTING REQUIRED? ........................................................................................ 40 7.1.2 SUPPLEMENTARY COASTAL PLANTING FOR SPECIES DIVERSITY ...................................................... 40 7.2 DIRECT PROPAGATION METHODS ....................................................................................... 42 7.2.1 DIRECT SEEDING .................................................................................................................. 42 7.2.2 BRUSH-MATTING ................................................................................................................. 42 7.2.3 TRANSPLANTING .................................................................................................................. 43 7.3 PLANTING METHODOLODY .............................................................................................. 43 7.3.1 PLANNING AND TIMING OF PLANTINGS .................................................................................... 43 7.3.2 SITE PREPARATION ............................................................................................................... 44 7.3.3 PLANTING ........................................................................................................................... 44 7.3.4 GUARDS ............................................................................................................................. 44 7.3.5 MULCHING .......................................................................................................................
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