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The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Facts and Figures

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Facts and Figures The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Facts and Figures NATO INFORMATION SERVICE BRUSSELS 1984 First Edition 1957 Second Edition 1959 Third Edition 1962 Fourth Edition 1965 Fifth Edition 1969 Sixth Edition 1970 Seventh Edition 1971 Eighth Edition 1976 Ninth Edition 1978 Tenth Edition 1981 Tenth Edition (revised) 1983 Enquires concerning this and other NATO Publications should be addressed to: NATO INFORMATION SERVICE 1110 BRUSSELS Tel.: (02) 241.00.40 241.44.00 241.44.90 Telex: 23867 OTAN/NATO ISBN 92-845-0004-4 Druckerei J.P. Bachem, Köln Table of Contents Preface by the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Pages 8- 10 Part 1 Origins and Evolution of the Alliance 1 Origins of the Alliance 13- 21 2 The Principles and Scope of the North Atlantic Treaty 22- 23 3 The Atlantic Alliance from 1949-1983 24- 86 Part 2 The Structure of NATO 4 Civil Organisation 90-100 5 Military Organisation 102-112 6 Financial Control 113-115 Part 3 Political Affairs 7 Political Consultation 119-125 8 Economic Cooperation 126-130 9 Information and Press Services 131-134 Part 4 Defence Planning and Policy 10 Evolution of Defence Policy 137-140 11 Military Posture - NATO and the Warsaw Pact 141-145 12 Force Planning 146-151 13 Nuclear Planning 152-154 14 Civil Emergency Planning 155-158 Part 5 Defence Support 15 Armaments Cooperation, Planning and Support 160-178 16 Command, Control and Communications 179-181 17 Air Defence 182-184 Part 6 Infrastructure, Logistics and Council Operations 18 Infrastructure and Logistics 187-203 19 Council Operations-Machinery for Crisis Management 204-205 3 Part 7 Scientific and Environmental Affairs 20 Scientific Cooperation 208-219 21 The Challenges of Modern Society 220-234 Part 8 Special Committees, Agencies and Organisations 22 Committee for European Airspace Coordination 237-238 23 Civilian Organisations 239-240 24 Military Agencies 241-251 Part 9 Non-Governmental Activities 25 The North Atlantic Assembly 255-257 26 The Atlantic Treaty Association 258-259 Part 10 Documentation 1 Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations (October 24,1945) 263 2 The North Atlantic Treaty (April 4,1949) 264-266 3 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of Greece and Turkey (October 22,1951) 267 4 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany (October 23,1954) 268 5 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of Spain (December 10, 1981) 269 6 Text of the Report of the Committee of Three on Non-Military Cooperation in NATO (December 13,1956) 270-288 7 The Future Tasks of the Alliance - Harmel Report (December 14,1967) 289-291 8 Ottawa Declaration on Atlantic Relations (June 19,1974) 292-294 9 Long-Range Theatre Nuclear Force Modernisation and Related Arms Control - Communiqué issued following the Special Meeting of Foreign and Defence Ministers in Brussels on December 12,1979 295-297 10 Bonn Declaration (June 10,1982) 298-300 11 Declaration of Brussels (December 9,1983) 301 Part 11 Appointments 1 Chairmen and Presidents of the North Atlantic Council 303-304 2 Permanent Representatives on the North Atlantic Council 305-308 3 Principal Officials of the NATO International Staff 309-310 4 Presidents and Chairmen of the NATO Military Committee 311-312 4 5 Major NATO Commanders 313 6 Directors of the International Milita ry Staff 314 Part 12 Append ices I Statistical Tables: (I) Area of NATO Countries 317 (M) Population of NATO Countries 318-319 (Mi) Total Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries 320-321 (lv) Defence Expenditures as % of Gross Domestic Product In Purchasers'Values 323 (v) Gross Domestic Product in Purchasers’ Values and Defence Expenditures Per Capita in US $ 324 (vi) Equipment Expenditures as Percentage of Total Defence Expenditures 325 (vil) Armed Forces 326 II Chronology 327-356 III Abbreviations in Common Use 357-360 Alphabet ical Index 361-378 5 Maps and Diagrams Soviet Expansion from 1940 to 1948 17 Civil and Military Structure 89 The North Atlantic Council 93 The Principal Committees of the Council 94 The NATO International Staff 95 NATO Military Structure 101 Allied Command Europe 105 Allied Command Atlantic 107 Allied Command Channel 109 Infrastructure Cost-sharing Formulae 191 The Infrastructure Programme 197 The NATO Science Committee - General Programmes 211 The NATO Science Committee-Special Programmes 217 The Atlantic Alliance 379 NATO Military Commands 380 6 The Secretaries General of NATO Preface In his book on “ NATO - The First Five Years” , Lord Ismay, the first Secretary General of NATO, was able to claim that the North Atlantic Treaty “ has become the framework for the common defence of over 380l ionmil people on both sides of the Atlantic". That was in 1954. Today, that number is nearer 620 million and the Organisation can claim that it has successfully provided for their defence since 1949. It is my hope and conviction that it will continue to do so for as long as necessary. However, it will not be easy. It calls both for the maintenance of sufficient deterrence and for the control of armaments through carefully negotiated and reliable East-West agreements. There should be no illusions. The Alliance cannot voluntarily reduce its power to resist attack without conclusive evidence that the danger has diminished. There have been periods when the danger has appeared to recede, but that impression has not been borne out by events, and today such evidence is still not to hand. To abandon the task of providing adequately for defence in such circumstances would serve the cause, not of peace, but of recklessness. The growth and size of the Soviet military capacity cannot be gainsaid. It is on a scale which defies any rational explanation in terms of defence requirements- and the Soviet Union has demonstrated that it is willing to resort to its use. The West can not ignore the possibility that it might do so again in other situations, espousing with Clausewitz the thesis that war is merely the continuation of politics by other means. Public opinion throughout the Alliance should be left in no doubt concerning the existing imbalance between Western and Warsaw Pact military power and the dangers arising from gradual shifts in the balance of power throughout the world. It should also know that the members of the Alliance are resolved to maintain their defences and their deterrent capability in parallel with their commitment to arms control and their efforts to introduce measures of detente. Not only is there no contradiction between the two; they are complementary and mutually reinforcing goals. Genuine detente would bring a reduced need for deterrence. Effective deterrence compensates for the limited scope of detente. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is an invention born of necessity. It is not a simple gadget, offering quick, inexpensive solutions to problems to which there are no easy answers, but a complex machine which has evolved over a period of thirty-two years. It needs to be continually maintained and improved to enable it to fulfil its task. It has been my responsibility over the past decade to help with both these aspects. During the course of this period, I have become more and more convinced that the Organisation has an obligation to provide public opinion with a frank description of the Alliance and an explanation of its policies. Indeed, the 8 services it provides merit explanation. At the same time, it is a part of this Organisation’s task to state the sober facts concerning the risks that member countries of the Alliance face jointly, and those they would face individually, if they were to jettison the protection the Alliance affords. This book sets out to describe the cooperative efforts made through the Alliance to preserve the benefits of that protection. The evolution of the Alliance has brought with it a balance of mutual benefits and responsibilities for its members. New policies have been agreed and new activities undertaken. Their role can only be understood as part of a wider perspective of NATO than that obtained from a consideration of military factors alone, for peace is not only the absence of war. The chapters which follow contain ample evidence that the commitment of the Allies to peace is a total one which causes them to work together in many fields, some of which are outside the purely political and military framework of defence. Over the years, this cooperation has been extended profitably to cover many areas, ranging from straightforward political consultation to the joint preparation of Allied negotiating positions; from the provision of commonly used facilities to the joint procurement or support of defence installations and equipment; from jointly conducted economic studies to the channelling of economic assistance to the needier member countries; and from pooling scientific research to drawing up agreed recommendations leading to legisla­ tion in the environmental sphere. The pressing needs of physical defence must, of course, remain paramount. Cooperation in this area is fundamental. It is a basic tennet of the Alliance that each member nation is responsible for the continuing support of its forces, but there are fortunately many areas where requirements are common to more than one nation. In such instances, a cooperative approach will usually be more economical than individual effort. In the field of armaments production, close cooperation is imperative and major strides are being made in this area. None of this cooperation has been built up in a day, but new situations have dramatically reinforced the need for it. Indeed, much has changed in recent years, not least the advent of superpower nuclear equivalence at the strategic level.
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