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Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details THE FIELD AND THE STAGE PUGILISM, COMBAT PERFORMANCE AND PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING IN ENGLAND 1700 – 1980 BENJAMIN LITHERLAND SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX FEBRUARY 2014 1 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another university for the award of any other degree. Signature:……………………………………… 2 UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX BENJAMIN LITHERLAND SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE FIELD AND THE STAGE: PUGILISM, COMBAT PERFORMANCE AND PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING IN ENGLAND, 1700 – 1980 SUMMARY Speaking to a local radio station in the 1960s, with the glitz, glitter and glamour of televised professional wrestling at its height, one old, retired Cumbrian wrestler declared that ‘wrestling…was a game for the field not the stage’. This statement, condensed and potent as it is, could stand in for the questions this thesis asks and seeks to answer: why did wrestling develop as a professional, performed ‘sporting entertainment’? To answer this question, existing theories of social and sports history are combined with cultural studies methods and applied to Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of fields. -
Who's the Daddy? Slim Version.Pdf
Prologue The New London Theatre, Wednesday 7 March 1979 HE SHOW began with serious trumpeting. A fanfare of some importance and the audience were applauding. It felt Tlike history was being made, although some of the people there that night, figures dotted throughout the whole of Shirley Crabtree’s life, would later think differently. Once the limelight faded there would be a divided opinion on the Crabtree clan and their influence on professional wrestling, and we shall come to these matters in due course. For now, we are trying to conjure up a scene, resurrect a bit of telly history so to speak, so we’re looking down at the TV cameras, which are themselves trained on the mock-auditorium set up at the front. There is empty raised seating either side of the doors centre-stage, and a backdrop of red, brown, and cream. Every set of eyes is focused on the doors and over all of this, the shows superimposed titles come and go. Although the audience were familiar with people like Kent Walton and Dickie Davies on World of Sport on Saturday afternoons, there was a certain amount of excitement on their faces as they waited for a different kind of show to begin. This was a live recording and their unblinking eyes shining back through the fag smoke could mean only a couple of things. They were either totally transfixed as they clapped like brainwashed seals, or 11 Who’s The Daddy? they’d had a skinful in the Prince of Wales on Drury Lane before the show. -
DAVID ABBOTT Tank Abbott RICHARD ACELINGER
DAVID ABBOTT Tank Abbott RICHARD ACELINGER Richard Slinger ANGEL ACEVEDO Cuban Assassin GABRIEL ACOCELLA Jack Britton DONNA ADAMO Elektra BROOKE ADAMS Brooke (ECW) BRYAN ADAMS Crush CHRIS ADAMS Gentleman Chris Adams Masked Avenger TONI ADAMS Nancy Simpson Toni the Tigress JOSH ADAMSON Johnny Spade DON ADELBERG Don E. Allen JONAH ADELMAN Jonah JOSEPH ADKINS Malachi STEVEN ADKINS Seth Skyfire CHRIS ADKISSON Chris Von Erich DAVID ADKISSON David Von Erich JACK ADKISSON Fritz Von Erich KERRY ADKISSON Texas Tornado Kerry Von Erich KEVIN ADKISSON Kevin Von Erich LACEY ADKISSON Lacy Von Erich MIKE ADKISSON Mike Von Erich MILTON ADOMO El Nene RICHARD AFFLIS Dick the Bruiser FRANCISCO AGUAYO Charro Aguayo PEDRO AGUAYO Perro Aguayo AARON AGUILERA Jesus Aguilera Hardkore Kid Conquistador Uno JASON AHRNDT Venom Joey Abs SUSAN AITCHISON Duchess of Queensberry TAKESHI AKABANE Little Tokyo SHOJI AKIYOSHI Coolie S.Z. Punish Jado LOUIS ALBANO Captain Lou Albano ACHIM ALBRECHT Brakus BRENT ALBRIGHT Gunner Scott GARY ALBRIGHT Gary Albright Volkan Singh BEN ALCORN Dudeman NICK ALDIS Brutus Magnus MODESTO ALEDO Kamikaze MICHELLE ALEXANDER Michelle McCool MICHAEL ALFONSO Mike Awesome That 70's Guy KAZEM ALI Armando Alejandro Estrada JEFFERSON ALLEN Nikita Allenov RICK ALLEN Sonny Beach TERRY ALLEN Magnum T.A. MICHAEL ALTIERI Mikey Batts AL AMEZCUA Golden Terror ALFONSO AMEZOUA Alfonso Dantes CHAE AN Nitro Girl Chae ANDY ANDERSON Andy Anderson BILL ANDERSON Bill Laster CHIQUITA ANDERSON Nitro Girl Chiquita EUGENE ANDERSON Gene Anderson KEN ANDERSON Ken Kennedy MELISSA ANDERSON Raisha Saeed RANDY ANDERSON Randy "Pee Wee" Anderson WCW Referee ERIC ANGLE Eric Angle KURT ANGLE Kurt Angle TED ANNIS Teddy Hart ARTHUR ANOIA Wild Samoan Afa ARTHUR ANOIA JR. -
Marilyn: My Nights With
MARILYN: MY NIGHTS WITH IL E Y CULTURE k FRANKIE*ALARM*BIG DADDY H on the heels of their TV debut on last week's ORS, the Lofs release their four track EP ' Up The Hill And Down The Slope'. The band will do well to improve on the success of their first 45 ' Why Does The Rain', which was voted second best single of 1984 by Radio One's Janice Long, but Spe- cials producer, John A Rivers has honed the Loft's sound down to four tracks of feisty guitar music which stands out from the current crop of tints and synths. The Loft have been described as " Il ciclone punko" in Italy, but it's here that the band look set to kick up a storm. the dreaded words ' computer generated' hardly make you glow with user friendliness, then Max Headroom might make you think again. Max is a TV host but also a film. His 60 minute feature is screened this Thursday, April 4, on Channel 4. Set in the near future, it's a world where TV is king and man lives by ratings alone. Net- work 23 has the rating race sewn up due to its invention of blipverts, sinister subliminal adverts which imbed themselves in viewers' minds before they have a chance to switch channels. Top TV reporter Edison Carter stumbles on the truth about blipverts ( they cause TV RECORD MIRROR Hunk Of The freaks to spontaneously combust) and it's adventure all the way — Month for April, Frankie's Paul hero vs corporation with the help of brainy computer op ( Theora Rutherford, wiggles his bum ' Live' Jones). -
1St Year of Publishing the Bônau Cabbage Romans to Hold Handy Though If You Wrote Your Name and Is Lamma’S Patch
EDITORIAL [email protected] LAMMA’S MOONSTONE DAY – 1 st We are patting ourselves on Any photographs we use are first scanned This is the birthstone st and then the originals are returned to their August the back as this edition (the 21 ) for June, and was th rightful owners so don’t be shy or fearful in marks the beginning of our 6 believed by the sending us your photographs. It would be August 1st year of publishing The Bônau Cabbage Romans to hold handy though if you wrote your name and is Lamma’s Patch. We have to share the success with captured beams of address on the back of the photo (in pencil) Day, and you because without your contributions of was Thanksgiving time (Harvest time) in moonlight. or you attached one of those ‘post-it-notes’. photographs, news and articles the Britain. The name comes from an Anglo- In India it is considered a sacred gemstone, magazine would have died a long time ago. Saxon word “Hlafmaesse” which means a symbol of the Third Eye that brings good Please keep sending them in for inclusion DATES FOR YOUR Loaf Mass. The festival of Lammas marks fortune and helps promote spiritual in the magazine. Thanks. - Ed DIARY the beginning of the harvest, when people enlightenment. go to church to give thanks for the first corn This form of feldspar has a beautiful pearly to be cut. This celebration predates our THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS Christian harvest festival. lustre, reminiscent of moonlight. Its iridescent effect - comes in many colours 2nd June Coronation Day th On Lammas Day farmers made loaves of from translucent, pink, yellow, green, We would like to welcome our new 14 June Queen’s Official Birthday th bread from the new wheat crop and gave rainbow, gold and silver. -
The Grappling Times ______
The Grappling Times _________________________________________________________________ ANDRE BAKER TALKS TO sometimes Peter Szakacs Some may say that THE GRAPPLING TIMES who was a former the golden boy of by Dean Baker: Fresh off Hungarian champion would Hammerlock is Gary Steele, announcing a massive do some coaching, some of someone that went to television deal, opening a the guys training there then America and became the new training centre and were John Hall, John first British (NWA) World bringing through new faces Ritchie, Lenny Hurst, Dave Heavyweight Champion (a into the British wrestling Bond, Lee Bronson, Wolf title currently held by Jeff scene Hammerlock from Gladiators, they would Jarrett), Steele also Promoter and the National also invite down various top appeared on a Zero-One Wrestling Alliance European shooters from time to time to pay per view but over the Consultant Andre Baker tune us up a bit, in a nut past year Gary has been took some time out of his shell a painful but suspicious from his absence busy schedule to talk to us. worthwhile experience that “In a nutshell Gary is Before opening strangely enough I look spending a bit of time with Hammerlock Jay back on fondly.” his family, he has been quite ‘Sledgehammer’ Baker was Known as the busy with his commitments a well known name on the sledgehammer for his to Hammerlock, trips to British circuit and on other powerful forearm smashes Japan and America, foreign venues. Like many today, this has not always spending many hours a of his time he got involved at been -
Download the Adobe
Downloaded from simongarfield.com © Simon Garfield 2005 Who Is That Masked Man? In his heyday Kendo Nagasaki - brutal, silent and with a hint of Samurai savagery - was the most celebrated British wrestler of them all. As his final bout looms, the man with the sword gives up some of his secrets. Observer Sports Monthly, October 2001 Kendo Nagasaki, a man who has earned fame by beating other men until they cry for mercy, is walking around Finsbury in north London in search of a place where he can have his photograph taken. He has short brown hair, a narrow face with a prominent and slightly pinched nose, and deeply set eyes that squint in the sunlight. He wears a dark jacket and black trousers, newly shined shoes, a nice fat metallic watch that he consults to find he is a little early. He has three men with him - his manager, his driver, and his website designer. I recognise his manager first, and call out his name: 'Lloyd!' At this moment, Kendo takes something from his pocket. It is a soft, worn woollen face mask, black with white vertical stripes, and he pulls it on with alarm. It tightens at the back with those little pop-stoppers you find on baseball caps. He looks menacing, he causes the traffic to slow. On this balmy Wednesday afternoon he believes it is as important as ever to keep up appearances. Kendo and his friends find the photographer's studio and move straight for the changing room. This was one of Kendo's two stipulations: a separate changing area screened by a curtain. -
Leftlion Magazine 109
UK YOUNG 250 ARTISTS UKYA CITY ARTISTS 25 COUNTRIES TAKEOVER COMES 100 EVENTS CITY 7 DAYS TO NOTTINGHAM TAKEOVER NOTTINGHAM One of the largest biennials of national and international artists in the world, UKYA City Takeover will be discerning and cutting-edge. Expect to encounter art, music, performance, film and poetry in cultural spaces as well as unusual places. From caves to cafes; markets to museums; studios to the streets - the City Takeover weaves a rich tapestry of creativity across Nottingham. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to discover 7–13 the very best international contemporary art, music and performance being made today... in FEBRUARY 2019 your city; for free. Booking is now LIVE so head over to the UK Young Artists website to grab All events are free some tickets! #UKYAtakeover Spread the word using #UKYATakeover www.ukyoungartists.co.uk UK YOUNG 250 ARTISTS UKYA CITY ARTISTS 25 COUNTRIES TAKEOVER COMES 100 EVENTS CITY 7 DAYS TO NOTTINGHAM TAKEOVER NOTTINGHAM One of the largest biennials of national and international artists in the world, UKYA City Takeover will be discerning and cutting-edge. Expect to encounter art, music, performance, film and poetry in cultural spaces as well as unusual places. From caves to cafes; markets to museums; studios to the streets - the City Takeover weaves a rich tapestry of creativity across Nottingham. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to discover 7–13 the very best international contemporary art, music and performance being made today... in FEBRUARY 2019 your city; for free. Booking -
This Here 11
ISSUE #11 This Here... “...the material manifestation of enthusiasm” (A Gilliland) Twink (Frohvet), Stet (Dick & Leah Smith), Barmaid (Yvonne EGOTORIAL Rowse) and Gloss (Edwards/Gonzalez). Some continue in online form: Ansible, Plokta (at least I think it’s still going?) I suppose issues #8½ onwards of this fine rag will be known and The Knarley Knews. One hopes that Wabe, Raw Goof, as the “second series” of This Here..., since that seems to be Head and ...and stuff might yet reappear, phoenix-like, after the preferred nomenclature for similar titles which have the sort of gap you only expect between issues of Trap Door. also had something of a hiatus. Of the rest of the list, the only titles that I’ve received paper I’ve made a conscious effort to duplicate the format (and copies of in the last year or so are Ned Brooks’ It Goes On the spirit) of the original run, although I know the Tunes The Shelf, the inevitable Banana Wings and a clutch of column is so far MIA, primarily because I haven’t really Vanamonde. I suspect Alan Sullivan may still be cranking been getting into any new music the last few years, and out the occasional Mongolian Jird from time to time, but I’ve anyway between John Purcell, Steve Jeffery & myself no way to tell, really. reminiscing about old concerts there’s still some musical content here. So it would seem that Randy Byers is right Also missing, and a when he terms paper source of a bit of fanzines a “dead disquiet to me, is the form”, while still Fanzines Received being happy with the listing/review section.