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Estudio De Los Criterios Y Desafíos De Interoperabilidad De Sbas a Nivel Mundial

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Estudio De Los Criterios Y Desafíos De Interoperabilidad De Sbas a Nivel Mundial ESTUDIO DE LOS CRITERIOS Y DESAFÍOS DE INTEROPERABILIDAD DE SBAS A NIVEL MUNDIAL TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial AUTOR DEL TRABAJO Carlos Davis Huerta TUTOR Dr. Israel Quintanilla García FECHA Junio 2021 I Resumen El trabajo de fin de grado Estudio de los criterios y desafíos de interoperabilidad de SBAS a nivel mundial propone un análisis del desarrollo de la interoperabilidad a lo largo de los años. Actualmente, el auge de los Sistemas de Aumentación Basados en Satélites (abreviado SBAS en inglés) es innegable. Guiándonos tan solo por los procesos de prueba y certificación de los SBAS en vía de desarrollo, se prevé que la cantidad de SBAS operativos se duplique en los próximos cinco años, lo que aumentará notablemente la precisión, integridad, continuidad y disponibilidad de las operaciones subyacentes relacionadas con la navegación aérea (e incluso otras aplicaciones relacionadas, por ejemplo, al ámbito de la geodesia). Por una parte, estudiaremos la implementación de los SBAS que se encuentran actualmente operativos para ofrecer servicios en el ámbito de la navegación aérea. Al estudiar su implementación, tanto a nivel técnico como operativo, arrojaremos luz sobre las razones por las que podemos afirmar que son interoperables entre sí. Por otra parte, comentaremos las líneas de investigación actuales, tanto en la implementación de nuevos SBAS como en la mejora del rendimiento de los SBAS actuales. Veremos también como dichas mejoras se incluirán en los SBAS que actualmente no están operativos, por lo que los SBAS tendrán un nivel de complejidad tecnológica y de rendimiento operativo homogéneo. Con ello, se pretende constatar un esfuerzo a través de los años por mantener una interoperabilidad aparentemente imperceptible entre los SBAS actuales y los futuros. I Abstract This final degree project, A Study of the Criteria and Challenges of SBAS for Global Interoperability, presents an analysis of how interoperability has developed over the years. The current rapid growth of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) is undeniable. Judging solely by the testing and certification processes of SBAS systems under development, the number of these systems in operation is expected to double in the next five years, significantly increasing the precision, integrity, continuity and availability of the underlying operations related to air navigation (and even other associated applications, such as the field of geodesy, for example). On the one hand, the project examines the implementation of the SBAS systems that are currently operational to offer services in the area of air navigation. Studying their implementation, at both the technical and the operational level, will throw light on the reasons why they can be said to be interoperable with each other. On the other hand, it comments on the current lines of research both on the implementation of new SBAS systems and on improving the performance of current systems. It will also show that these improvements will be included in the SBAS systems that are not currently operational, and SBAS will therefore have a uniform level of technological complexity and operational performance. The intention is to observe the efforts made over the years to maintain an apparently imperceptible interoperability between current and future SBAS systems. II Agradecimientos Este trabajo no habría sido posible sin la contribución de otras personas que no han sido citadas ni mencionadas a lo largo del documento, por lo que me gustaría dedicarles este apartado para agradecerles lo que han hecho por mí. Para empezar, quisiera agradecer a mis padres su constante fe ciega en mis decisiones académicas y profesionales. Tal confianza que tenéis puesta en mí es algo que no me merezco. También a mi hermano, por sus consejos sobre la vida y por ser un vivo ejemplo de como hacer y no hacer las cosas; y a mi abuela, por sus historias de tiempos pasados y por ponerme velas en los exámenes y fechas importantes (la mayoría han servido). Además, a mi familia inglesa, cuyas fronteras dificultan nuestros encuentros, pero que siempre me acogen con la mejor de las intenciones. Por otra parte, quisiera dar las gracias a mis amigos de la carrera y fuera de ella por ser una constante de apoyo continua e independiente a mi situación de ánimo; por lidiar con mis manías, empatizar con mis dificultades y brindarme diariamente una sonrisa; por vuestros consejos y vuestro buen rollo. No os nombro por miedo a dejarme a alguien, pero sabéis quiénes sois. Paralelamente, me gustaría reconocer la labor de mi tutor, Dr. Israel Quintanilla García, por su labor de supervisión durante este trabajo y por transmitirme durante sus clases su motivación por una parte de la materia que se encuentra en este documento, la cual contribuirá probablemente a las decisiones que tome para esculpir mi futuro profesional. Por último, quiero gratificar a la UPV y a la ETSID por ofrecerme la oportunidad y los medios para cursar estos cuatro años de título de grado en un ambiente tanto profesional como amigable e instalaciones tecnológicamente avanzadas. En especial, quisiera agradecer el trabajo de la plantilla educativa del grado en ingeniería aeroespacial, quiénes me han permitido asentar mis gustos (y consecuentemente mis disgustos) en un área de conocimientos que me era totalmente desconocida. Reconozco pues la contribución en la realización de este trabajo de todas las personas mencionadas en este apartado. III Tabla de contenido Resumen ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... II Agradecimientos .......................................................................................................................... III Lista de ilustraciones .................................................................................................................... VI Lista de tablas ............................................................................................................................. VIII Lista de acrónimos ....................................................................................................................... IX Introducción ................................................................................................................................ XII Objetivos .................................................................................................................................... XIV I. MEMORIA .............................................................................................................................. 1 1. La interoperabilidad asegurada por una disponibilidad creciente ....................................... 2 1.1. El concepto de UDRE ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2. El concepto de GIVE ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Las correcciones troposféricas ...................................................................................... 3 1.4. La máscara de Red Ionosférica de Puntos ..................................................................... 5 1.5. La virtualización de las estaciones de referencia y de usuario ..................................... 9 1.6. Los límites de alerta ...................................................................................................... 9 1.7. La disponibilidad mundial ........................................................................................... 12 2. La interoperabilidad asegurada por una definición de mensajes homogénea ................... 15 2.1. El concepto de máscara PRN ....................................................................................... 15 2.2. Los mensajes interoperables de todos los SBAS: un ejemplo de EGNOS ................... 18 2.2.1. Mensaje tipo 1: Máscara PRN ............................................................................. 18 2.2.2. Mensajes tipo 2 a 6 y tipo 24 .............................................................................. 19 2.2.3. Mensaje tipo 7 y tipo 10 ...................................................................................... 22 2.2.4. Mensaje tipo 9 y tipo 17 ...................................................................................... 24 2.2.5. Mensaje tipo 12 ................................................................................................... 26 2.2.6. Mensaje tipo 27 ................................................................................................... 28 2.2.7. Mensaje tipo 25 ................................................................................................... 31 2.2.8. Mensajes tipo 18 y tipo 26 .................................................................................. 32 2.3. El conjunto de mensajes transmitidos y la carga del ancho de banda ....................... 35 3. Los retos de interoperabilidad actuales .............................................................................. 38 3.1. El grupo de trabajo sobre la interoperabilidad ........................................................... 38 3.1.1. Los miembros del grupo de trabajo sobre la interoperabilidad ......................... 39 3.1.2. Los objetivos
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