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ENGLISH for Law Students АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Учебное

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ENGLISH for Law Students АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Учебное БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Кафедра английского языка гуманитарных факультетов ENGLISH АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК for Учебное пособие по Law Students специальности «Правоведение» Minsk BSU 2010 УДК ББК Авторы-составители: Васючкова О. И., Долгорукова А. И., Крюковская И. В., Хорень Р. В., Шуплецова С. А. Утверждено на заседании кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов протокол № 11 от 31 мая 2010 г. Рецензенты: Доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры иностранных языков Института государственного строительства при Президен- те Республики Беларусь Л. М. Лещева Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Г. П. Савченко Под общей редакцией кандидата филологических наук О. И. Васючковой Под научной редакцией доктора педагогических наук Л.В. Хведчени English for Law Students = Английский язык. Учебное пособие по специальности «Правоведение» / Авт.-сост.: Васючкова О. И., Долгору- кова А. И., Крюковская И. В., Хорень Р. В., Шуплецова С. А. – Мн.: БГУ, 2010. – 331 с. Настоящее пособие представляет собой тематически организованный учебно- методический комплекс по проблемам, представляющим интерес для студентов- правоведов: профессия юриста, история государства и права, конституционное пра- во, уголовное право, деятельность правоохранительных органов, судов, уголовный и гражданский процесс, пенитенциарная система. Каждый тематический раздел состо- ит из аутентичных (ам. и брит.) монологических и диалогических текстов с задания- ми для разных видов чтения и аудирования, грамматического блока. Цель пособия – обучить студентов чтению, реферированию, пониманию на слух текстов по специ- альности и ведению дискуссии на профессионально значимые темы. УДК ББК © БГУ, 2010 2 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Цель настоящего пособия – обучение юристов профессиональному иноязычному общению. Аутентичный материал пособия, предлагаемая система упражнений способствуют формированию языковой, речевой, социокультурной, учебно-познавательной компетенций, причем в каче- стве интегративной выступает коммуникативная компетенция. Основ- ным методическим принципом, положенным в основу создания пособия, является взаимосвязанное обучение всем видам речевой деятельности (чтению, аудированию, говорению, письму). По своему предметно-тематическому содержанию пособие соот- ветствует требованиям Новой типовой программы по иностранному язы- ку для высших учебных заведений (Минск, 2008) в части Модуля про- фессионального общения. Учебный материал отражает предмет и содер- жание избранной специальности, профессиональную деятельность юри- ста и ее социокультурные особенности в странах изучаемого языка (Ве- ликобритании, США), типичные ситуации производственного общения (работа государственных органов, судов, полиции). Пособие состоит из 9 идентично структурированных разделов (Units), организованных по тематическому принципу, причем каждый раздел представляет собой самостоятельный лингвометодический ком- плекс, включающий: а) монологические сообщения – аутентичные тек- сты по единой тематике (А, В, С, Д, Е), предназначенные для обучения различным видам чтения (изучающему, с упражнениями по обучению лексике и говорению, построенными по принципу нарастания языковых трудностей, ознакомительному, просмотровому, поисковому чтению с заданиями, соответствующими заявленным стратегиям), а также диало- гические сообщения в виде диалога – образца профессиональной ино- язычной коммуникации и полилога как основы для развития навыков профессионального общения с учетом межкультурных особенностей об- суждаемых правовых проблем; в) текст на аудирование с предтекстовы- ми и послетекстовыми заданиями; г) грамматический блок, где явления английской грамматики изучаются на базе специального юридического контекста. Особенностью настоящего пособия является то, что специальная лексика подается в контексте, а предлагаемая система упражнений обес- печивает ее накопление и ротацию, причем перед студентами ставится цель самостоятельного составления списков тематической лексики раз- дела с учетом системной организации словаря в пределах изучаемого те- матического поля, терминосистемы. В пособии нет отдельного блока по обучению письму, однако в 3 каждом разделе присутствуют определенные письменные задания для аудиторной либо внеаудиторной работы, направленные на закрепление активной лексики, более прочное усвоение терминологии, изучаемых языковых явлений. Учитывая, что письменные работы являются время- затратными, авторы сочли целесообразным вынести разнообразные зада- ния по формированию навыков творческого письма (резюме, аннотации, сочинения, аргументированные эссе и т. п.) в дополнительное пособие по самостоятельной работе студентов. Пособие актуально по содержанию, значительно расширяет ин- формационное пространство обучаемых по избранной специальности, чему способствуют как текстовой материал основных разделов, так и расположенные в приложении тексты для дополнительного чтения. Некоторая кажущаяся избыточность материала пособия не пред- ставляется его недостатком, поскольку позволяет учитывать индивиду- альную языковую подготовку студентов с различным стартовым уровнем обучения, предоставляет широкие возможности для автономной и груп- повой работы студентов как в аудитории, так и за ее пределами. Пособие подготовлено на кафедре английского языка гуманитар- ных факультетов БГУ в рамках кафедральной научно-исследовательской темы, связанной с созданием учебно-методического комплекса по ино- странным языкам для студентов неязыковых вузов. 4 UNIT I AGENTS OF THE LAW READING AND SPEAKING Text A Legal Profession Task: read and translate the following text. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The legal profession is divided into two branches: barristers and solicitors, who are sometimes called the junior branch. Both barristers and solicitors are professions held in high regard. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate governing body. The training and career structures for the two types of lawyers are quite separate. The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the gen- eral practitioner, confined mainly to the office. If a person has a legal problem and needs the assistance of the law, either because he has a dispute, or because he is in trouble, or concerned with a question of inheritance or transfer of property, he will go to a solicitor and seek his advice in a personal interview. There is no end to variety of matters which can appear on a solicitor‘s desk. They deal with all the day-to-day work of preparing legal documents for buy- ing and selling houses, making wills, writing legal letters, they do the legal work involved in conveyancing, probate, divorce. Solicitors work on court cases for their clients outside the court: in a civil action solicitors have the right to speak in the lowest Courts when the case is one of divorce, recovering some debts, matrimonial matters, petty crimes. If a case, civil or criminal, is more serious or difficult, or has to be heard in a higher court, solicitors engage a barrister to whom they hand over the task of representing the client in the court. They prepare a case for barristers to present in the higher courts and the barrister receives it in the form of a brief from which he plans his advocacy in the particular case. Law Society1 is a governing body of solicitors. Solicitors usually work to- gether in partnerships, or ―firms‘. To qualify as a solicitor a young man joins a practising solicitor as a ―clerk‖ and works for him whilst studying part time for the Law Society exams. When you have passed all the necessary exams, you may apply to the Law Society to be ―admitted‖, then you can start busi- ness on your own. It is not necessary for you to go to university. In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Alt- hough solicitors and barristers work together on cases barristers specialise in 5 representing clients in court. A barrister can only be consulted indirectly, through a solicitor. Thus they are not paid directly by clients, but are em- ployed by solicitors. Most barristers are professional advocates but it is a mis- take to regard a barrister entirely as an advocate. A barrister must be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day, and defending an accused person the next. A would-be2 barrister must first register as a student member of one of the four Inns of Court3: Gray‘s Inn, Lincoln‘s Inn, Inner Temple or Middle Tem- ple and keep twelve terms as a student at his Inn. A student must pass a group of examinations to obtain a Law degree and then proceed to a vocational course, highly practical in nature, the passing of which will result in his being called to the Bar4. Barristers are experts in the interpretation of the Law. They advise on real- ly difficult legal matters (this is known as ―taking counsel‘s opinion‖). So bar- risters spend a lot of time at paper work apart from their actual appearances in court where they wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formali- ties of the proceedings. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barristers, and once ap- pointed they cannot continue to practise as barristers. The highest level of barristers have the title Q.C. (Queen‘s Counsel). The status is bestowed on about 30 counsellors a year by the Queen on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. Before a junior counsel can hope to achieve the status (―to take silk‖ as this process is called) he must be able to point to at least 10 years
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