Centuries of Leadership: Deans of the University of Maryland School of Medicine

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Authors University of Maryland, Baltimore. School of Medicine

Keywords University of Maryland, Baltimore. School of Medicine--History; Deans (Education)

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Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10713/4797 CENTURIES OFLEADERSHIP

180019002000Deans of of the the University of of Maryland School of of Medicine C ONTENTS Deans

3 John Beale Davidge 4 Nathaniel Potter 5 Elisha DeButts 6 William Gibson 7 Richard Wilmot Hall 8 Maxwell McDowell 9 Granville Sharp Pattison 10 Nathan Ryno Smith 11 Samuel Baker 12 Eli Geddings 13 Robley Dunglison 14 Samuel George Baker 15 William E.A. Aikin 16 Samuel Chew 17 George Warner Miltenberger 18 Julian John Chisolm 19 Samuel Claggett Chew 20 Louis McLane Tiffany 21 Jacob Edwin Michael 22 Isaac Edmondson Atkinson 23 Robert Dorsey Coale 24 Charles Wellman Mitchell 25 Arthur M. Shipley 26 James M.H. Rowland 27 Robert Urie Patterson 28 H. Boyd Wylie 29 William Spencer Stone 30 John H. Moxley III 31 John Murray Dennis 32 Donald E. Wilson I NTRODUCTION Centuries of Leadership

This book, presented with pride in the past and confidence in the future, honors the historic milestones in leadership of the University of Maryland School of Medicine over the past two centuries. During the deans’ tenures innumerable accomplishments and medical “firsts” were achieved. Each dean has made his own profound impression on the School, as well as the city and state the institution has served for nearly two hundred years.

The foundations of the fifth oldest unique distinction among its peers as The oldest medical school building in medical school in the country date the only medical school to be the North America still in use for medical back to 1789, when Baltimore physi- founding school of a university system. education, Davidge Hall houses two cians organized the Medical Society of expansive circular amphitheaters, one Baltimore. The society’s mission was From the beginning, there has been a atop the other, with no visible means to train young doctors and bring vali- strong emphasis on bedside teaching. of support for the upper hall, which dation to a profession greatly dimin- The first class of students received was an engineering marvel in the early ished by the Revolutionary War. The clinical instruction at the Baltimore 1800s. Dissecting cubbyholes, secret Medical Society of Baltimore’s Almshouse, a workhouse and infir- stairways, and hidden exits afforded founders tutored young students in mary for the poor. Dr. John Beale students and their professors safe pas- the physician’s homes, lecturing on Davidge, a native Marylander and a sage from the angry mobs that anatomy, surgery and chemistry. physician trained in Scotland, became opposed the use of cadavers as teach- There were no stethoscopes, ther- the first dean and took the chair in ing tools. Davidge Hall was designated mometers, hypodermic needles, surgery. Dr. James Cocke held the a state historical site by the Maryland antiseptics or anesthesia, and opera- chair in anatomy and physiology; Mr. Historical Society in 1970, and tions were often performed using James Shaw, the chair in chemistry; entered on the National Register of kitchen knives. and Dr. Nathaniel Potter, the chair of Historic Sites in 1974. Following a theory and practice of medicine. complete renovation in the early Faced with strong citizen protest Davidge, Shaw and Cocke purchased 1980s, Davidge Hall was designated a against anatomical dissection, the land for the school from John Eager National Historic Landmark by the physician-teachers petitioned the Howard, a Revolutionary War hero US Department of the Interior. Maryland State Legislature to estab- and former Maryland governor. Today, its presence stands as a symbol- lish a permanent college of medicine, ic reminder of American medical protected by the law. In 1807, the In 1810, the School of Medicine education at the beginning of the request was approved under a legisla- graduated its first class, awarding the 19th century. tive act entitled “An Act for Founding degree of Doctor of Medicine. Shortly a Medical College in the City or thereafter, Dr. John Crawford, the first In 1823, Maryland became the first Precincts of Baltimore for the man to vaccinate Baltimoreans against medical school in the country to build Instruction of Students in the smallpox, donated his personal library its own teaching hospital for clinical Different Branches of Medicine.” to the School, creating the nucleus instruction, which housed the site of The charter incorporated the College of the first medical college library the first intramural residency program. of Medicine of Maryland and granted in America. Patients were admitted for a weekly permission to hold a lottery to raise fee of $3. The infirmary was augment- money for a home for the fledgling In 1812, with money raised by the ed in 1897 with the opening of the school. The medical school was re- faculty, Davidge Hall was erected at University Hospital which, nearly a chartered in 1812 as the University of Lombard and Greene streets where, century later, would become a private, Maryland, and the regents were given according to legend, it afforded views not-for-profit corporation known authority to add the Schools of Law, of the bombardment of Fort as the University of Maryland Arts and Sciences and Divinity. Thus, McHenry during the War of 1812. Medical System. the School of Medicine earned the I NTRODUCTION Continued

The School introduced the first pre- There was tremendous growth nation- to medicine by emphasizing a prob- ventive medicine course in 1833. A lit- ally in medical school facilities during lem-based approach to medical educa- tle more than 10 years later, Dr. David the second half of the 20th century, tion. Curriculum reform included Stewart, the first professor of pharmacy and the University of Maryland was replacing microscopes with laptop in America, began lecturing at the no exception. In 1960, the School computers, reducing the number of University. In 1848, recognizing the relocated most of its programs to the lectures, increasing the number of value of the basic sciences in the six-story Howard Hall, initiating a small group discussions, adding more undergraduate curriculum, Maryland series of renovations and new building ambulatory education, and increasing became the first school to require construction that would span nearly clinical relevance of the basic sciences. anatomical dissection and provided the three decades. Following the construc- An orientation for new faculty was first advocacy of biopsy and micro- tion of the new Bressler Research begun in 1995, and a symbolic White scopic diagnosis of malignancy. The Building and the Medical School Coat Ceremony for freshmen medical School also pioneered the teaching of Teaching Facility in the late 1970s, students was initiated in 1997. the diseases of women as a separate the School established the University subject from obstetrics, established the of Maryland Cancer Center, now the Today, the University of Maryland first clinic for the diseases of children, University of Maryland Greenebaum School of Medicine is a comprehen- and initiated early teaching activities in Cancer Center, in 1982. A few years sive academic health center with 23 both of these medical specialties. later the state-of-the-art R Adams departments, six programs and four Maryland was also the first school to Cowley Shock Trauma Center was organized research centers that com- establish a teaching position for dis- opened. The early ‘90s marked the bine medical education, biomedical eases of the eye and ear. addition of the Allied Health research, patient care and community Building, the Biomedical Research service. Together, the School of Alumni were very proud of their med- Facility, the Homer Gudelsky Tower Medicine and University of Maryland ical school and were eager to support and Health Sciences Facility I. In Medical System educate and train it. They organized the Medical Alumni order to consolidate the hospital’s more than half of Maryland’s practic- Association of the University of emergency medical services and to ing physicians and allied health care Maryland in 1875, which is today the modernize its surgical services, the professionals. As the medical school’s oldest independent medical alumni School initiated a massive develop- reputation continues to expand into association in the United States. Their ment effort in the latter half of the the new century, its rich history of quarterly magazine – Bulletin – is the decade. In 1996, the University of excellence and leadership in medical oldest medical alumni publication Maryland Biotechnology Institute education remains constant. in America. opened, followed by the Health Sciences and Human Services Library It was not until 1899 that the three-year in 1998, and Health Sciences Facility medical program, at a total fee of $305, II, a world-class state-of-the-art bio- became mandatory for medical stu- medical research facility in 2002. dents. The first female medical student, Teresa Ora Snaith, graduated from the Throughout its illustrious history, the School of Medicine in 1923, and, in School of Medicine’s curriculum has 1951, Donald Stewart and Roderick remained at the forefront of American Charles enrolled as the School’s first medical education. In 1994, the cur- African-American students. riculum was revised significantly to provide students with broad exposure J OHN B EALE D AVIDGE 1807–1811, 1814, 1821 Davidge

John Beale Davidge, a native of In addition to his advanced surgical Annapolis, Maryland, settled in skill, Davidge was renowned as a lec- Baltimore in 1796. A founder of the turer and teacher. In 1802, five years College of Medicine of Maryland, before the formal establishment of later known as the School of the medical school, Davidge began Medicine, he became the School’s offering lectures in obstetrics and first dean in 1807. Davidge received chirurgical sciences on East Fayette his MD degree from the University Street. In 1807, at his own expense, of Glasgow in Scotland. Davidge erected an anatomical the- atre on Liberty and Saratoga streets. The first American physician to pub- This was later demolished by an

Beale lish his opinion that yellow fever was angry mob protesting the dissection not contagious, Davidge earned a of human cadavers. Davidge and his place of prominence in history for colleagues were forced to stop teach- many other medical firsts. He was ing until their application to the the first surgeon in the country to tie Maryland Legislature for the the gluteal artery for the cure of privilege of establishing a college of aneurysm, and was also the develop- medicine was enacted in 1807. er of the American Plan of John Davidge was a member of the Amputation. In 1823, he performed School of Medicine faculty until his J the world’s first extirpation of the death in 1829 at age 61. Many stu- parotid gland. Davidge performed dents considered him the “father of other important operations, includ- the University.” A bronze bust of ing the ligature of the carotid artery Davidge is displayed in the hall that

John for fungus of the antrum. bears his name.

1807 3 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Potter

NATHANIEL POTTER 1812, 1814

Nathaniel Potter, a native of Easton, A steadfast supporter of the School of Maryland, was born in 1770. He was Medicine, Potter, like his colleagues, the son of Zabdiel Potter, a surgeon contributed much of his personal in the Continental Army during the wealth to help maintain the institu- Revolutionary War. tion. When he died in 1843, after 35 years of teaching and conducting a Potter received his medical degree large medical practice, Potter’s finan- from the University of Pennsylvania cial estate was dismal, leaving no in 1796, where his mentor and money for a funeral or grave marker. noted physician, Dr. Benjamin Rush, Contributions from his family and taught. (Rush was also a signer of the colleagues funded a funeral service, Declaration of Independence.) but 150 years passed before a mark- Potter began practicing in Baltimore, er was placed at his grave. and became one of the founders of the School of Medicine. In 1807, he Nathaniel Potter’s portrait hangs in became the School’s first chair of Davidge Hall. The family homestead, theory and practice, a post he held Potter’s Landing, still stands near for nearly 40 years until his death. Denton, Maryland. A distinguished lecturer and physi-

Nathaniel Nathaniel cian, Potter’s favorite classroom Nquote was “I’m damned, gentlemen, if it ain’t so.”

Potter served as president of the Baltimore Medical Society and the Medical Society of Maryland, and as both secretary and orator of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. A prolific contributor to medical literature, he was perhaps most well known for his thesis, Arsenic.

1812 4 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ELISHA DEBUTTS 1816, 1822– 1824

Born in Dublin, Ireland in 1773, An accomplished musician, artist Elisha DeButts immigrated with his and poet, DeButts was also an elo- DeBUtts family to America when he was a quent speaker. His ability to make young boy. He began studying medi- even the driest subject matter inter- cine with his uncle, Dr. Samuel esting to an audience attracted large DeButts, and ultimately enrolled at crowds wherever he spoke. On a the University of Pennsylvania, mission to purchase chemical where he received his formal equipment for the school, DeButts medical training. traveled to Europe, where he lectured before the Royal Institution DeButts is credited with much of the of London. School of Medicine’s rapid growth and prosperity during his tenure as Elisha DeButts died of pneumonia dean. Considered one of the most in 1831. brilliant chemists of his day, DeButts was equally knowledgeable about progressive improvements and dis- coveries in the field. Students and Elisha Elisha fellow faculty maintained that DeButts’ abilities were unsurpassed Bby his contemporaries.

1816 5 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Gibson

W ILLIAM G IBSON 1818

William Gibson was born in Gibson was the first surgeon in the Baltimore in 1788. He was educated United States to divide the recti mus- at St. John’s College and Princeton cles of the eye for the correction of University, and spent a short time at strabismus. He was also the first to the medical school of the University perform a second-Caesarian opera- of Pennsylvania, where he later held tion on the same patient. His most the chair of surgery. Gibson earned noted work was Surgery, which went an MD degree from the University through approximately nine editions. of Edinburgh in 1809, and studied with Sir Charles Bell in London Gibson was an all-around man, an before returning to Baltimore. accomplished surgeon, scholar, sportsman, artist, musician, traveler Gibson was elected chair of surgery and writer. He was also an avid fish-

William William at Maryland in 1812. Later that erman, botanist, and a distinguished summer, he performed the first liga- ornithologist. Even in the final year tion of the common iliac artery of his life, at the age of 80, Gibson upon a man who was shot in the continued to work in his taxidermy abdomen during the political riots in shop, stuffing birds skillfully and Baltimore. In 1819, Gibson accepted playing several musical instruments. the chair of surgery at the University When he died, his journals filled of Pennsylvania, where he remained 150 volumes. Wuntil 1855. In his later years, Gibson received an honorary LLD degree from the University of Edinburgh.

1818 6 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP RICHARD WILMOT HALL 1819, 1837– 1838

Born in Harford County, Maryland, In his role as secretary of the regents, in 1785, Richard Wilmot Hall was a position he held for several years, the son of Dr. Jacob Hall, a Hall was typically selected to travel Revolutionary War surgeon. He to Annapolis to represent the received his MD degree from the University’s interests in the legisla- University of Pennsylvania in 1806, ture. He also served as chair of and settled in Baltimore in 1811. theoretical surgery and as secretary The following year he was appointed and orator of the Medical and adjunct professor of obstetrics at the Chirurgical Faculty. School of Medicine. Despite his popularity among stu- Twice the dean of the School of dents, Hall was impeached in 1843 Wilmot Hall Medicine, Hall played an active role at a trial held by the Medical and in the affairs of the University. In Chirurgical Faculty. Hall defended 1837, during his second tenure as himself vigorously against faculty dean, the trustees of the School of detractors who considered him Medicine seized control of the incompetent and was subsequently School from the University regents. acquitted by the regents, retaining They maintained control for 18 his faculty position until his death. months until the State Court of In addition to a number of shorter Appeals declared the seizure uncon- articles mentioned in Quinan’s stitutional. During that period, the Annals, Richard Hall authored a BTrustees School, as it was then called, two-volume translation of Baron remained at Lombard and Greene Larrey’s Memoirs of Military Surgery. streets, and the Faculty of Medicine He died in 1847 at age 62. opened a Regents School in the former Indian Queen Hotel. Richard Richard

1819 7 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP MAXWELL MCDOWELL 1820, 1825– 1827 No rendering available

Maxwell McDowell, a Pennsylvania From the earliest years of the native, was born in 1771. He was University, it had been customary to educated at Dickinson College in take only four classes – anatomy, sur- McDowell Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he gery, chemistry and practice – during earned an AM degree in 1792. He the first year of study. As dean, first practiced in York and then set- McDowell affected a change in the tled in Baltimore as attending physi- regulations, requiring students to cian to the Baltimore General take all classes for both years. This Dispensary. McDowell was professor requirement remained in force until of the Institutes of Medicine at the the graded course was adopted. School of Medicine from 1814 until 1833, and in 1818 received an hon- Maxwell McDowell wrote Treatment orary MD degree from the of Burns by Cold Water and The University of Maryland. Pathology of Diabetes Mellitus. He M died in 1847 at age 76. Maxwell

1820 8 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP GRANVILLE SHARP PATTISON 1821– 1822 Pattison

Granville Sharp Pattison was born After leaving Maryland, Pattison near Glasgow, Scotland, in 1791, traveled abroad to fill the chair of and was educated at the private anatomy at London University. He school of Dr. Allan Burns. In 1812, returned to America in 1832 to serve he was appointed professor of anato- as professor of anatomy at Jefferson my, physiology and surgery at the Medical College and later joined in Andersonian Institution in Glasgow. founding the medical department of In 1818, he immigrated to America the University of New York. and opened an anatomical school in Philadelphia. Pattison accepted the A pioneering surgeon, Pattison was chair of surgery at the University of regarded by some as a controversial Maryland in 1820, and became dean figure in American medicine. He the following year. became embroiled in a public argu- ment with Dr. Nathaniel Chapman

Sharp Considered one of the ablest surgical over the former’s appointment to the anatomy teachers of the time, chair in anatomy at the University of Pattison was known for passing Pennsylvania. This culminated along his enthusiasm for his work to in a duel between Pattison and his pupils. A handsome man, he was Chapman’s brother-in-law, General admired by students and townspeo- Thomas Cadwalader. Pattison ple alike. He infused new life into a escaped without injury while University that, on his arrival, was Cadwalader’s wound permanently burdened with debt and an unfin- disabled his right arm. Gished building badly in need of repair. The School’s resources were Granville Pattison authored The enhanced significantly when it pur- Register and Library of Medical and chased a large anatomical collection Chirurgical Science and edited two bequeathed to Pattison by his men- editions of Burns’ Surgical Anatomy of tor, Dr. Burns. The Legislature the Arteries of the Head and Neck, advanced a $30,000 loan to build Masse’s Anatomical Atlas and Practice Hall, a small annex next to Cruveilhier’s Anatomy. He received an Davidge Hall, to accommodate and honorary degree late in his life and display the collection. died in 1851. Granville

1821 9 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Smith

NATHAN RYNO SMITH 1828– 1829, 1841

Nathan Ryno Smith, born in Smith was widely recognized as the Cornish, New Hampshire in 1797, inventor of the anterior splint for was tutored in Virginia and earned fractures of the lower extremities. his MD degree from Yale in 1823. The device was perfected in 1860 He was the son of Dr. Nathan and adapted for general use in Smith, a distinguished surgeon and America and abroad. A valuable tool founder of Dartmouth and Yale for the treatment of compound frac- Ryno College Medical Schools. The tures, the splint was used extensively younger Smith founded the medical during the Civil War. Smith himself department at the University of regarded the invention as his most Vermont, where he was also profes- important contribution to medicine. sor of surgery and anatomy. He also taught at Jefferson Medical College. Held in high esteem by his contem- poraries, Smith was lauded in Gross’ A leading surgeon of his era, Smith A Century of American Surgery as accepted the chair of surgery at the “one of the greatest surgeons America University of Maryland in 1827, has produced.” Founder of the commencing an eventful, 50-year Philadelphia Monthly Journal of career in Baltimore. Considered a Medicine and Surgery, later named bold and skillful operator, Smith was the American Journal of the Medical known to his students as “The Sciences, Smith was a prolific writer Emperor.” His removal of a goiter and contributor to medical literature. Nfrom a patient was the first proce- dure of its kind in Maryland and Nathan Smith died in 1877. His only the second thyroidectomy in portrait hangs in Davidge Hall. the country. He was also the first surgeon to resect the parotid gland Nathan Nathan for a neoplasm.

1828 10 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Baker

SAMUEL BAKER 1829– 1830

Born in Baltimore in 1785, Samuel Samuel Baker was an amiable and Baker studied at Washington College excellent physician who devoted his in Chestertown. He graduated with professional life to the advancement a degree in medicine from the of the medical school. Two of his University of Pennsylvania in 1808. sons, William N. Baker and Samuel The following year, he was elected to George Baker, also served as profes- the University of Maryland’s Chair sors at Maryland. The elder Baker of Materia Medica. died of heart disease in 1835, only six years before the untimely deaths Baker served as president of the of his sons. Baltimore Medical Society and its successor, the Medical Society of

Samuel Baltimore, and was secretary of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. During his tenure as chairman of the board of directors of the Library of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, he started the library’s valuable col- lection with a $500 appropriation. He continued to preside over the Board and to take great interest in Bthe library throughout his lifetime.

1829 11 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ELI GEDDINGS 1832– 1834, 1836– 1837 Geddings Born in South Carolina in 1799, Eli Despite offers of professorships at Geddings began the study of medi- many other medical colleges, cine in 1818, and attended his first Geddings returned to the Medical formal lectures at the University of College of South Carolina in Pennsylvania two years later. Charleston, where a chair of patho- Geddings was one of the first gradu- logical anatomy and medical ates of the Medical College of South jurisprudence had been created for

Eli Eli Carolina, where he received his MD him. When medical courses were degree in 1825. Following further suspended during the Civil War, study in London and Paris, he came Geddings was appointed a surgeon to Baltimore. in the Confederate Army. His entire library, considered one of the finest Geddings was considered an intelli- private collections in the country, gent man, a learned teacher and a had been sent to Columbia for safe- formidable writer. Lauded by his keeping and was destroyed when colleagues for his brilliance and skill, General Sherman burned the city. Geddings’ election as chair of anato- my and physiology at Maryland was Following the war, Eli Geddings was unanimous. Fluent in 14 languages, instrumental in the revival of the he served as editor of the Baltimore medical college and assumed the Medical Journal and founded the chair of surgery. He died in 1878. Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal and Review, a quarterly pub- Blication, which later became the North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science. Geddings was also a frequent contributor to the American Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery.

1832 12 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ROBLEY DUNGLISON 1834–1835

Robley Dunglison was born in One of the country’s most prolific England in 1798. He studied medi- medical writers, Dunglison pub-

Dunglison cine at the Universities of Edinburgh lished numerous volumes and con- and Paris, and was a Licentiate of the tributed largely to periodical litera- Royal College of Surgeons and ture. His best-known work was Apothecaries in London. In 1824, Medical Dictionary, which went Dunglison received his MD degree through more than 20 editions. from the University of Erlangen in Others included Dictionary for the Germany and, a year later, an hon- Blind, Elements of Hygiene and Roget’s orary MD degree from Yale. In Physiology. By 1858, sales of his cele- 1825, he founded the University of brated principal books were reputed Virginia School of Medicine, where to have exceeded 100,000 volumes. he was faculty chair and professor of anatomy, physiology, materia med- Described as “a beacon of light in the ica, pharmacy and histology. Later, world of medical literature,” Robley he was made professor of the Dunglison died in 1869. The School Institutes of Medicine and dean of of Medicine commemorates his the faculty at Jefferson Medical contributions each year at com- College in Philadelphia. He received mencement by conferring upon a

Robley Robley the degree of LLD from Yale and graduating student the Robley from Jefferson College in Dunglison Award for Excellence in R Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. Preventive Medicine. At the University of Maryland, Dunglison was professor of materia medica and therapeutics, hygiene and medical jurisprudence from 1833 to 1836, and dean of the facul- ty from 1834 to 1835. He placed much emphasis on the teaching of hygiene or preventive medicine, and published the first American text- book on the subject. Dunglison was physician to four presidents — Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Jackson.

1834 13 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Baker

SAMUEL GEORGE BAKER 1839

Samuel George Baker, born in Baker and his brother, William, who Baltimore in 1814, was a son of was also on the faculty, were hand- Samuel Baker, dean of the faculty some, talented and popular young from 1829 to 1830. Like his father, men. Their so-called “habits of dissi- Samuel G. Baker was elected to the pation” shortened both of their chair of materia medica. At 22, he promising careers. Just a few months was the youngest professor the separated their untimely deaths in University had ever had. Baker 1841 — George at age 27 and received his BA degree from Yale in William at age 30. At the time of George 1832 and his MD degree from the his death, George Baker was editor School of Medicine in 1835. of the Maryland Medical and S Surgical Journal. Samuel

1839 14 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP WILLIAM E. A . AIKIN 1840– 1841 Aikin 1844– 1855

William E.A. Aikin was born in Aikin’s knowledge of his profession New York in 1807. Educated at was extensive and exact. With a six- Renssalaer Institute and a Licentiate foot frame and a flowing white of the New York State Medical beard, he had a commanding Society, Aikin received an honorary presence. He was a devout Catholic MD degree from the Vermont who married twice and fathered Academy of Medicine and an 28 children. honorary LLD degree from Georgetown University. In addition to his post as professor of chemistry, Aikin was professor of E.A. Aikin’s career as a practitioner of natural philosophy in the School of medicine was brief, as he preferred Arts and Sciences, a lecturer at the science to the “drudgery” of country Maryland Institute and city inspector practice. Shortly after moving to of gas and illuminating oils. He con- Maryland in 1832, Aikin joined the tributed articles on chemical, geolog- chemistry faculty at the School of ical, botanical and mineralogical sub- Medicine. To equip the chemistry jects to numerous journals, and was laboratory for the Regents School, author of a valuable list of plants Aikin was authorized to purchase found around Baltimore. chemical apparatus on the credit of Wthe faculty. William Aikin died in 1888. William William

1840 15 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Chew

SAMUEL CHEW 1842– 1844

Samuel Chew was born in 1806 Samuel Chew was a man of stature in Calvert County, Maryland. and scholarly achievements. One of Educated at Charlotte Hall in St. his best-known writings was an ora- Mary’s City and at Princeton tion delivered at the formal opening College, Chew studied medicine in of the Medical and Chirurgical Baltimore under Dr. William Faculty Hall. His most ambitious Donaldson, a prominent physician. work, entitled Lectures on Medical He entered the School of Medicine Education, was left unfinished at his in 1826 and, in 1829, received his death but later completed by his son. MD degree. Chew stood in the front ranks of his profession and was greatly respected

Samuel In 1840, Chew co-founded the Eye for his charity and integrity of char- and Ear Institute. He was elected acter. He practiced medicine for 38 professor of therapeutics, materia years and died on Christmas Day medica and hygiene at the School of 1863, at age 57. Medicine the following year, and later named chair of principles and practice of medicine, a post he held until his death. Chew also served as librarian, vice president and S treasurer of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty.

1842 16 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP GEORGE WARNER MILTENBERGER 1855– 1869

George Warner Miltenberger, son of Notorious for his dedication to Gen. Anthony Felix W. Miltenberger, work, Miltenberger did not partici- was born in Baltimore in 1819. pate in social pleasures, church serv- He was educated at the Boisseau ices or holidays, in order to live only Academy and the University of for the good of his patients and his Virginia, and earned his MD degree teaching. He resigned in 1891, and at the University of Maryland was made professor emeritus and in 1840. honorary president of the faculty, having completed half a century of Miltenberger As a student, Miltenberger had service to the School of Medicine. attracted the attention of the faculty Miltenberger played an instrumental and, upon his graduation, was select- role in the founding of the School’s ed as demonstrator of anatomy. Medical Alumni Association. Miltenberger taught almost every subject and provided students broad George Miltenberger’s writings were foundations in the various branches published in the Maryland Medical of medicine. He was elected professor Journal and in the Transactions of the of materia medica and pathological Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of anatomy in 1852, and was dean of Maryland. He died in 1905. the faculty for 14 years. In 1858, he was named chair of obstetrics, where he gained preeminence as a teacher G and practitioner. Miltenberger was president of the Baltimore Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, president of Warner the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and chairman of its Library and Examination Committees. With the opening of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889, Miltenberger was named a consulting physician. George

1855 17 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP JULIAN JOHN CHISOLM 1869– 1874 Chisolm Julian John Chisolm was born in Chisolm served as president of nearly Charleston, South Carolina, in every national and international oph- 1830. He earned his MD degree thalmological society of his day. He from the Medical College of South was founder and chief surgeon of the Carolina in 1850, and studied in Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat London and Paris. He was professor Hospital in Baltimore, served as of surgery at the Medical College of chairman of the ophthalmological South Carolina from 1858 to 1868, section of the International Medical and received his first medical Congress and was president of the appointment in South Carolina Baltimore Academy of Medicine. during the Civil War. The author of several editions of the Manual of Military Surgery, Chisolm

John Chisolm moved to Baltimore in is credited with performing the 1868, became professor of military first outpatient surgery for cataracts and operative surgery at the School in America. of Medicine, and served as dean of faculty from 1869 to 1874. He was Julian Chisolm was considered a appointed professor of operative sur- leader among the third generation gery and clinical professor of diseases of medical school professors, and is of the eye and ear at the School of credited with helping to guide Medicine from 1872 to 1899, and American medicine toward Jlater named emeritus professor. specialization. He died in 1903. Julian

1869 18 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP SAMUEL CLAGGETT CHEW 1874– 1879

Born in Baltimore in 1837, Samuel Chew served the Medical Alumni Clagget Chew was the son of Dr. Association and the Medical and Samuel Chew, dean of the faculty at Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland in the School of Medicine from 1842 various capacities. He was also presi- to 1844. dent of the board of trustees of the Peabody Institute, a consulting In many respects, Chew’s profession- physician to the Johns Hopkins al life paralleled that of his father. Hospital, and one of the authors of He earned AB and AM degrees at Pepper’s System of Medicine. Princeton in 1856 and 1859, and studied medicine under the direction Samuel Chew died in 1915. of his father. Chew was awarded a medical degree from the University of Maryland in 1858, and, like his father, was elected professor of mate- ria medica and practice. He was dean of the faculty from 1874 to 1879. Claggett Chew Chew was a member of the Board of Regents, and for more than 40 years was a member of the Faculty of Physic. Chew played a prominent Brole in both the material and educa- tional life of the University, and was known as a leading influence on School policy. He lived to be one of the oldest medical practitioners in Baltimore, and one of the more dis- tinguished men of his profession. Samuel

1874 19 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP LOUIS MCLANE TIFFANY 1879– 1886 Tiffany

Louis McLane Tiffany was born in maxilla. In 1878, he performed a Baltimore in 1844. He received a temporary depression of each maxilla BA degree from the University of for angiosarcoma of both nares, pre- Cambridge, England, in 1866, and ceded by tracheotomy, a procedure years later, a MA degree from the lauded as “the most difficult and same institution. Tiffany entered the heroic operation recorded in the School of Medicine in 1866, and annals of surgery.” This accomplish- received his MD degree in 1868. ment attracted national attention and, a short time later, Tiffany reported the A resident physician at the Baltimore first successful nephrolithotomy in Almshouse, Tiffany served in various America. He was also the first sur- capacities at the School of Medicine. geon to use a pearl button to anchor He was demonstrator in anatomy, stay sutures after abdominal surgery. professor of operative surgery, profes- Tiffany served as president of the sor of surgery and dean of the facul- American Surgical Association ty from 1879 to 1886. During his and the Southern Surgical and demonstratorship, he also served as Gynecological Association. An avid chair of anatomy for the Maryland sportsman who enjoyed hunting Dental College. Tiffany held many and fishing, he was also an accom-

McLane leadership positions in the medical plished athlete. Lcommunity, including president of the Baltimore Medical Association, Louis Tiffany died in Virginia in 1916. president of the Clinical Society of Maryland, vice president and presi- dent of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and surgeon-in-chief for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

A skillful and innovative surgeon whose studious, patient and conser- vative nature was balanced by his bold and self-confident approach, Tiffany made important contribu- tions to surgery of the kidney and Louis Louis

1879 20 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP JACOB EDWIN MICHAEL 1886– 1890 1893– 1896 Michael

Jacob Edwin Michael was born in In addition to serving as editor of the Harford County, Maryland, in 1848. Maryland Medical Journal, Michael He was educated at St. Timothy’s held various leadership positions in Hall in Catonsville, Maryland, and the local medical community. He the Newark Academy in Delaware. was president of the Clinical Society Michael received an AB degree from and the Baltimore Medical Princeton in 1871, and an MD Association, vice president and degree from the University of president of the Medical and Maryland in 1873. A man of Chirurgical Faculty and president Herculean stature and strength, of the Medical Alumni Association. Michael was a distinguished athlete during his years at Princeton. Jacob Michael died at age 47 after a two-year struggle with Michael joined the University of Bright’s disease.

Edwin Edwin Maryland faculty in 1874, and was demonstrator of anatomy for the next six years. He was professor of anatomy and obstetrics, and dean of the faculty from 1886 to 1890 and 1893 to 1896. In 1884, he was Jappointed professor of genitourinary and rectal surgery at Baltimore Polyclinic. A skillful surgeon and a popular teacher, Michael was noted for his ready command of language. While firm in his opinions, he was considered liberal and tolerant. Jacob Jacob

1886 21 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ISAAC EDMONDSON ATKINSON 1890– 1893

Isaac Edmondson Atkinson was born Atkinson was author of a section in in Baltimore in 1846. He was edu- Pepper’s System of Medicine, and cated at the University of Maryland wrote many articles that appeared in

Atkinson School of Arts and Sciences, and the journals with which he was received an MD degree in 1865 allied. A consulting physician at the from the School of Medicine. Johns Hopkins Hospital and a mem- ber of the Lunacy Commission of Atkinson was a vaccine physician Maryland, Atkinson was also presi- who, during the prevalence of small- dent of the Clinical Society of pox in Baltimore, was made superin- Maryland, vice president and presi- tendent of vaccination. Atkinson was dent of the Medical and Chirurgical clinical professor of dermatology at Faculty and president of the Maryland from 1879 to 1881, pro- American Dermatological Society. fessor of pathology from 1881 to 1886, professor of materia medica Isaac Atkinson died of pneumonia and therapeutics from 1886 to 1900 in 1906. and emeritus professor. He was dean of the faculty from 1890 to 1893.

Atkinson, who had a large consult- Iing practice, was highly regarded for his medical learning, diagnostic pow- ers and excellent judgment. His pri- mary focus was on general medicine, although he was also interested in syphilis and diseases of the skin. Edmondson Edmondson

1890 22 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Isaac Isaac Coale

ROBERT DORSEY COALE 1896– 1897 1900– 1915

Born in Baltimore in 1857, Robert an individual of unswerving integrity, Dorsey Coale was the great-grandson Coale was, to a large extent, the bal- of Dr. Samuel Stringer Coale, a ance wheel of the faculty. Although prominent figure in early Baltimore kindly and generous to a fault, he medical circles. His maternal grand- was a man of few words, a trait father, Dr. Robert Edward Dorsey, many mistook for coldness. Reticent also a reputable physician, was an about his own affairs, Coale per- 1819 graduate of the University formed many acts of kindness and of Maryland who had served as charity anonymously. professor of materia medica in the Trustees Faculty. A military man as well as a scientist, Robert Coale was frequently Coale graduated from the addressed as Colonel Coale. He Pennsylvania Military Academy in served as a colonel in the 5th 1875, and earned a PhD degree Maryland US Volunteers during the from the Johns Hopkins University Spanish-American War. When he in 1882. He applied for a stu- died at his desk, a handful of due dentship at Johns Hopkins in 1876, bills were found in his safe for and enjoyed the distinction of having money he had loaned to students been the very first matriculant who were in need. It was said that accepted at that institution. the students had lost their greatest friend and most ardent champion. BCoale was professor of toxicology and chemistry and served as dean for two terms, serving the university for a total of 18 years. An executive of sound, conservative judgment, and Robert Dorsey

1896 23 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP CHARLES WELLMAN MITCHELL 1897– 1900

Mitchell Charles Wellman Mitchell was born In 1899, during Mitchell’s deanship, in Baltimore in 1859. He earned a the four-year course of medical BA degree at Princeton in 1879, and instruction was implemented. At later, an AM degree at the same that time the faculty also decided institution. Mitchell received his that baseball and football clubs MD degree and Examination would be helpful in giving the Medal from the School of Medicine students needed outdoor exercise. in 1881. The organized athletic clubs were short-lived, however, since students A lecturer in pathology at Maryland, could not find time for practice. and professor of the diseases of children at the Women’s Medical When Charles Mitchell died in College, Mitchell’s interest in pathol- 1917, he was remembered as an ogy was stimulated by his study in excellent teacher who instinctively Vienna, where a new basis for med- understood his students. ical thinking was being taught. His expertise in pathogenesis attracted the best students to the School of Medicine. Mitchell became professor of clinical medicine at the School of Medicine in 1893, and professor of materia medica in 1896. He was A Celected professor of the diseases of Wellman children in 1897, and served as dean of the faculty from 1897 to 1900. Mitchell was president of the Maryland Medical Society and a visiting physician at the Union Protestant Infirmary.

1897Charles 24 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ARTHUR M. SHIPLEY (Acting Dean) 1915– 1916 Chipley Arthur M. Shipley was a native of Shipley saw the department of Anne Arundel County and a mem- surgery through difficult times ber of one of Maryland’s early following his appointment as chief colonial families. Both his maternal in 1920. Development of surgical and paternal forefathers had settled specialties was in its infancy at in Maryland in the 1660s. Shipley Maryland, compared to other lead- attended the Friends School in ing medical schools. Hampered by Baltimore and, in 1902, graduated old and ill-equipped laboratory M. from the School of Medicine as the space, an outdated hospital and Honor Man of his class. His intern- minimal support from the state, ship and residency at University Shipley established sub-departments Hospital were followed by a four- of neurosurgery, genitourinary year term as superintendent there. surgery, orthopaedics, chest surgery In 1921, Shipley received an hon- and vascular and plastic surgery. orary Doctor of Science degree from St. Johns College in Annapolis. Arthur Shipley ranks among the outstanding leaders of the medical Shipley served in World War I as school who have maintained the commanding officer and surgeon of highest traditions of the institution. Evacuation Hospital #8 in France, He was a member of the Southern and earned several military awards, Medical Society, Medical and Aincluding the Distinguished Service Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Medal. He served again in World American College of Surgeons, War II. Upon his return to the American Surgical Association School of Medicine, Shipley was and the Eclat Club. appointed to the professorship of surgery. He taught for 46 years at the Shipley died in 1955. medical school, held the chair of sur- gery for 28 years, and served two Arthur Arthur years as acting dean.

Shipley was a pioneer in many surgical fields and is credited with demonstrating that surgery could be preformed on the heart and peri- cardium. A legendary surgeon, Shipley’s name is associated with the earliest planned removal of a pheochromocytoma and resultant cure of the type of hypertension caused by this tumor.

1915 25 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP JAMES M. H . ROWLAND 1916– 1940

Rowland Born in Cecil County, Maryland, A modest and humble man, James M.H. Rowland grew up dur- Rowland once said that he had been ing a depression within a communi- appointed dean of the medical school ty that met hard times by tightening “…when I had no flair for it.” belts and working longer hours. Nevertheless, an editorial in the After attending the West December 20, 1936, edition of the Nottingham Academy, Rowland Baltimore Sun praised Rowland for taught school for two years on “…the fine work that has been done Maryland’s Eastern Shore to earn in building the medical school of the money to study medicine. He University of Maryland to its present graduated from the School of high rank.” The Sun went on to Medicine in 1892. Rowland was describe Rowland as a citizen who appointed professor of obstetrics in has answered many calls to public 1915 and served as dean from service, as a physician whose career 1917 to 1940. has been one of hard work and untir-

M.H. ing effort to relieve suffering, and as a More than anyone in Baltimore, teacher who has made an indelible Rowland was conscious of the indif- impression upon medical stu- ference with which society and the dents…” medical profession treated obstetrical patients. When he graduated from James Rowland died in 1954. His medical school and developed an daughter, Mrs. Carle Clarke, sculpted Binterest in obstetrics, most poor, a life-sized bronze bust of him, which inner city mothers were under the is displayed in Davidge Hall. The care of midwives. Rowland disap- sculpture was a gift to the School proved of this and was instrumental of Medicine from Mrs. Clarke and in creating laws to govern the activi- her husband. ties of midwives. As a result, both maternal and infant mortality decreased rapidly.

James James Through Rowland’s efforts, a hospi- tal program for obstetrical patients was developed, along with an outpa- tient clinic that supervised at-home deliveries. In spite of opposition, Rowland advocated for the practices of episiotomy and Caesarian section for patients with placenta praevia.

1916 26 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP ROBERT URIE PATTERSON 1943– 1946

Major General Robert Urie Patterson served in the US Army Patterson, MC, USA (retired), was from 1901 until his retirement in Patterson born in Montreal and received his 1935. Throughout his military medical degree from McGill career, he served at various posts University in 1898. He was named throughout the United States. dean of the School of Medicine and Patterson was chief of a medical unit superintendent of the University in World War I and, in the final four Hospital in 1943. years of his career, surgeon general of the US Army. He received numer- At the time of Patterson’s appoint- ous decorations, including the ment, the Board of Regents Distinguished Service Medal, announced a reorganization of the two Silver Star citations and the school and the hospital to encourage Philippine Campaign Badge for serv- closer coordination between the two ice there at the turn of the century. as a combined teaching unit. Under Upon his retirement from the mili- his leadership, the medical school tary, Patterson was named dean of changed its emphasis from diagnos- the University of Oklahoma School ing to healing, with a new concentra- of Medicine and superintendent of tion on research, public health, the State University and Crippled industrial medicine and extension Children’s Hospitals at Oklahoma work. During his tenure, depart- City. He later joined the faculty at ments in cardiology and psychiatry the University of Maryland. Mwere added to deal specifically with two disorders that physicians had Robert Patterson died at age 73, once considered virtually beyond following a short illness. their care. Robert Urie

1943 27 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Wylie

H . BOYD WYLIE (Acting Dean) 1940– 1943 (Acting Dean) 1946– 1948 (Dean) 1948– 1954

H. Boyd Wylie was named dean of chairman of the admissions commit- the School of Medicine in June of tee, and acting dean of the faculty. 1948, after serving as assistant dean During Wylie’s deanship, the School and acting dean. A native of of Medicine accepted its first African- Baltimore, Wylie graduated from the American students. Wylie was con- Johns Hopkins University in 1908, sidered tough, but fair, and was a

Boyd Boyd and from the School of Medicine in father figure to many of his students. 1912. He was appointed to the faculty in 1913, and later named Boyd Wylie died in 1963 at age 76. professor and chair of biochemistry.

Wylie’s career at the School of Medicine spanned 41 years. At one point in the 1940s, he simultaneous- H. Hly served as the head of biochemistry,

1940 28 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Stone

WILLIAM SPENCER STONE 1955– 1969

William Spencer Stone, MC, USA Stone played a significant role in the (retired), received BS and MS opening of the world’s first Shock degrees from the University of Idaho Trauma Center at the University of in 1924 and 1925, and his MD Maryland in 1968. Through his degree in 1929 from the University efforts, the school garnered state of Louisville. He also held an hon- funding for the first time, and was orary DSc degree. Stone joined the awarded a US Department of University of Maryland School of Defense grant, which provided Medicine faculty in 1954 as director Shock Trauma’s first med-evac of Medical Education and Research, helicopter service. Spencer Spencer and was named dean of the faculty the following year. A career officer in the US Army Medical Corps, Stone held many Under Stone’s leadership, the School posts, including chief of the Parasitic greatly expanded its personnel and Disease Division at the Army research facilities. Major develop- Medical School, chief of the ments in post-graduate training and Laboratories Division of the Surgeon improvements to the undergraduate General’s Office and chairman of the curriculum were implemented. Army Medical Research Board. A Stone was one of the major architects recipient of the Distinguished Service of the overall development program Cross, Stone was instrumental in of the medical center. His broad developing the Walter Reed Institute Wexperience in diverse medical fields for Research into one of the leading and his national prominence were research centers in the country. instrumental in keeping the University abreast of new trends. The William Stone spent the final years faculty and student body knew him of his life in North Carolina, where as a modest and dedicated man, a he died in 1983. diligent administrator and a tena- cious fighter for what he believed in. William William

1955 29 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP III

JOHN H. MOXLEY III 1969– 1973

John H. Moxley graduated from Moxley is an active participant in Williams College and received his several academic and health organi- MD degree from the University of zations. He has served on the board Colorado. He is Board certified in of trustees of the American Hospital internal medicine, a Fellow of the Association, as both chairman of American College of Physicians, the scientific board and member and a Distinguished Fellow of of the governing council of the the American College of California Medical Association, Physician Executives. as member and chairman of the Moxley Moxley Council of Scientific Affairs of the Moxley served on the dean’s staff at American Medical Association, Harvard Medical School, became and as a board member of both dean at Maryland in 1969, and then the National Fund for Medical was vice chancellor for health servic- Education and the Henry M. es and dean at the University of Jackson Foundation for the California, San Diego Medical Advancement of Military Medicine. School. A former Assistant Secretary

H. for Health Affairs at the US John Moxley is a member of the Department of Defense, Moxley Institute of Medicine of the later began consulting in organiza- National Academy of Sciences, the tional issues in medicine and health Association of American Medical J care. He is currently managing direc- Colleges, the Society of Medical A tor of the physician executive prac- Administrators and the American tice at Korn/Ferry International, Society of Clinical Oncology. where he conducts searches for management physicians sought by private and public sectors of medi- cine and the health care industry. John

1969 30 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Dennis JOHN MURRAY DENNIS (Acting Dean) 1973– 1974 (Dean) 1974– 1990

A native of Wicomico County on departmental chairs, made the med- Maryland’s Eastern Shore, John ical school a major player in the field Murray Dennis was born in 1923. of biomedical research, and managed He graduated from the University of twice to rebuild the School’s basic Maryland College Park in 1943, and science departments. Dennis was received an MD degree from the instrumental in developing the Area School of Medicine in 1945. The Health Education Centers (AHEC) first full time chair of radiology in to expose students to rural practice. the medical school, Dennis filled He was characterized as levelheaded, that post from 1953 until 1973, fair, honest and capable of meeting when he was made acting dean. He problems head-on. John Toll, former was appointed dean the following chancellor of the University System year, vice chancellor for health affairs of Maryland, lauded him as “the in 1975, and vice president for aca- ideal academic leader.” demic affairs in 1983. Dennis was

Murray named dean emeritus in 1990, and Dennis was very active in organized professor emeritus in diagnostic radi- radiology. He served as president of ology in 1995. At its 1993 com- the American College of Radiology mencement, the University of and chairman of its board of chan- Maryland Baltimore honored Dennis cellors, and was honored with the with an honorary ScD degree. organization’s Gold Medal for distin- A guished and extraordinary service. During Dennis’ deanship, the School Other honors include Alpha Omega of Medicine developed into a major Alpha, the Gold Medal of the research institution with considerable American Roentgen-Ray Society, the growth in faculty and research sup- Gold Key of the Medical Alumni port. After a long political battle, Association and Loyola College’s Dennis stewarded the development Andre White Medal for distin-

John of a new Baltimore Veterans guished service to Maryland. Administration Medical Center on The University of Maryland’s the University of Maryland 1984 Alumnus of the Year, Dennis Baltimore campus. The Baltimore chaired the Medical and Chirurgical VA Medical Center’s Dr. John M. Faculty’s Committee to Establish a Dennis Auditorium honors his Commission on Medical Discipline. relentless pursuit of and dedication to this effort. John Dennis retired from the deanship in 1990, completing 17 As dean, Dennis’ leadership helped years as dean, and almost 50 years raise the University’s ranking to the of continuous service to the top third in research funding. He University of Maryland. recruited quality personnel for

1973 31 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP Wilson D ONALD E. WILSON 1991–

Donald E. Wilson, a native of tently advocated and demonstrated a

E. Worcester, Massachusetts, is a gradu- dedication to the promotion of ate of Harvard College and Tufts equity in health care and diversity. University School of Medicine. In His emphasis on addressing dispari- 1991 he was named the 30th dean ties in health for the underserved of the School of Medicine. He was and for minorities through culturally later appointed the University’s first competent research and outreach has vice president for medical affairs. permeated all levels and functions of Wilson came to Maryland after 11 the medical school and community. years as professor and chairman of medicine at the State University of It was under Wilson’s tutelage that New York Health Science Center- the School of Medicine rose to the Brooklyn, and physician-in-chief of top tier of American medical institu- the University Hospital of Brooklyn tions in research funding. A superb and Kings County Hospital Center leader and visionary in medical edu- in New York. cation, Wilson has served on innu- merable prestigious committees in As dean, Wilson has implemented the medical education, research and his vision of relevant curriculum health care arenas. His policy expert-

Donald Donald reform, which provides students with ise led to his appointment as chair of a broad correlation of basic science the state’s Health Care Access and Dand clinical medicine at the outset of Cost Commission and, subsequent- their medical education. Wilson is ly, the Maryland Health Care recognized locally and nationally as a Commission. Wilson chairs the champion for increasing the number Council of Deans of the Association of underrepresented minorities of American Medical Colleges among both students and faculty, and is a member of the Advisory and for creating an atmosphere that Committee to the Director of respects and celebrates cultural and the National Institutes of Health. gender diversity. He has urged stu- dents and faculty “not to settle for Donald Wilson is a Master of the what is offered but instead, reach for American College of Physicians what is desired. If a special opportu- and a member of the Institute of nity is offered, accept it graciously Medicine of the National Academy and then use it to advance your goals of Sciences, the American Clinical and dreams as well as to be of service and Climatological Association to the community.” and Alpha Omega Alpha. He is also a founder of the As the nation’s first African-American Association for Academic Minority dean of a traditionally majority Physicians (AAMP). medical school, Wilson has consis-

1991 32 C ENTURIES OF L EADERSHIP B IBLIOGRAPHY Centuries of Leadership

Varle, Charles, A Complete View of Baltimore, Baltimore, 1833

Cordell, Eugene Fauntleroy, MD, The Medical Annals of Maryland 1799- 1899, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1903

Old Maryland, Edited by Eugene F. Cordell, Vol. 1, No. 12, December 1905

Cordell, Eugene Fauntleroy MD, University of Maryland 1807-1907, Vol. I, Lewis Publishing Company, New York, 1907

The Centennial Celebration of the Foundation of the University of Maryland, Edited by John C. Hemmeter, MD, PhD, LLD, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1908

Ballard, Margaret Byrnside, MD, A University is Born, Old Hundred, Union, West Virginia, 1965

Callcott, George H., A History of the University of Maryland, Maryland Historical Society, 1965

200 Years of Medicine in Baltimore, Edited by Theodore E. Woodward, MD, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1976

Yesterday and Today, the University of Maryland Medical System, An Historic Timeline, Baltimore, 1992

The Hospital Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 1, March 1910

The Hospital Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 1915

Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 4, November 1917

Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 5, February 1918

Bulletin, Vol. 33, p. 116, 1948-1949

Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 1, Summer 1983

The Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1936

The Morning Sun, July 27, 1954

The Evening Sun, May 15, 1963

The Baltimore Sun, June 2, 1990

The Evening Sun, Wednesday, January 27, 1993

Credits Photographs and renderings provided by Dr. Theodore E. Woodward

Researched and written by Peggy O’Rourke-Trott

Funding for this publication has been provided by the Medical Alumni Association and the dean’s office of the University of Maryland School of Medicine.