DOCSLIB.ORG

Animal Bones and Archaeology Recovery to Archive

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Animal Bones and Archaeology Recovery to archive Supplement 1: Key reference resources Historic England Handbooks for Archaeology Summary This supplement accompanies Baker, P and Worley, F 2019 Animal Bones and Archaeology: Recovery to archive. Swindon: Historic England. Additional contributors and acknowledgements are provided in the main document. All hyperlinks in this supplement were valid in November 2019 Published by Historic England, The Engine House, Fire Fly Avenue, Swindon SN2 2EH www.HistoricEngland.org.uk © Historic England 2019 Product Code: HE0003 Historic England is a Government service championing England’s heritage and giving expert, constructive advice. First published 2019 Previously published as Animal Bones and Archaeology: Guidelines for Best Practice: Supplement 1, English Heritage October 2014. Design by Historic England. Front cover: A1 Ferry Fryston chariot burial (W Yorks) during excavation by Oxford Archaeology. [© Diane Charlton, formerly at the University of Bradford] ii Contents Palaeopathology 11 1 Comparative assemblage resources 1 Historic England regional reviews of animal General texts 11 bone data and other major period syntheses 1 General recording guides 11 Dental recording guides 12 Online zooarchaeological datasets 2 Joint disease recording guides 12 Taphonomy 12 2 Species biogeography and zoology 3 General introduction 12 Species biogeography 3 Tooth marks and digestion 12 Online taxonomic and zoological species guides 3 Bone weathering 13 Bone diagenesis 13 3 Anatomical nomenclature 4 Accumulation processes 13 4 Zooarchaeological methods Butchery 13 and conventions 5 5 Identification resources 15 General zooarchaeological texts (including quantification) 5 Virtual comparative collections 15 All classes 15 Published bone inventory/recording databases and spreadsheets 5 Mammals 15 Birds 15 Zone conventions 5 Fish 15 Age at death 6 Identification guides: mammal remains 15 Tooth development 6 Neonatal mammals 15 Tooth eruption and wear 6 Guides to distinguishing morphologically Fusion ages: mammals 7 similar mammal species 16 Fusion recording conventions 8 Sheep and goats 16 Bird bone maturity 8 Pigs and wild boar 16 Sex determination 8 Equids 16 Large mammals 17 Various mammal species 8 Deer 17 Cattle 9 Dogs and wolves 17 Sheep and goats 9 Cats 17 Pigs 9 Rabbits and hares 17 Equids 9 Small mammals 17 Dogs 9 Marine mammals 18 Rodents 9 Birds 10 Identification guides: bird remains 18 Herpetofauna 10 Guides to distinguishing morphologically Standard biometric conventions 10 similar bird species 18 Galliforms 18 Withers heights conversion factors 11 Swans, geese and ducks 18 Various species 11 Columbids 18 Cattle 11 Corvids 18 Sheep 11 Pigs 11 Identification guides: amphibian and reptile remains 18 Horses 11 Dogs 11 Identification guides: fish remains 19 iii 1 Comparative assemblage resources Historic England regional reviews Holmes, M 2014 Animals in Saxon and Scandinavian of animal bone data and other major England: Backbones of Economy and Society. Leiden: period syntheses Sidestone Press Albarella, U 2019 A Review of the Animal Bone Evidence Holmes, M 2017 A Review of Animal Bone Evidence from from Central England. Research Report Series 61-2019. the Saxon to Post Medieval Periods in Southern Britain Portsmouth: Historic England. (6145) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service https://research.historicengland.org.uk/ [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1047191 Albarella, U and Pirnie, T 2008 A Review of the Animal Holmes, M 2018 Southern England: A Review of Animal Bone Evidence from Central England [data-set]. York: Remains from Saxon, Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeology Data Service [distributor]. Archaeological Sites. Research Report Series 8-2017. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000317 Portsmouth: Historic England. https://research.historicengland.org.uk/ Allen, M 2017 ‘Animal products’, in Allen, M, Lodwick, L, Brindle, T, Fulford, M and Smith, A (eds) New Visions Manning, K, 2016 ‘The cultural evolution of Neolithic of the Countryside of Roman Britain. Volume 2. The Rural Europe. EUROEVOL dataset 2: Zooarchaeological data’. Economy of Roman Britain. Britannia Monograph Series Journal of Open Archaeology Data 5, e3. 30. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman http://doi.org/10.5334/joad.41 Studies, 216–20 Manning, K, Timpson, A, Colledge, S, Crema, E and Allen, M forthcoming ‘A review of the animal bone Shennan, S 2015 The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. evidence from the Roman period in southern England EUROEVOL Dataset. London: University College London. [2012 data-set]. Portsmouth: Historic England http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469811/ Allen, M, Blick, N, Brindle, T, Evans, T, Fulford, M, Serjeantson, D 2011 Review of Animal Remains from Holbrook, N, Lodwick, L, Richards, J D and Smith, A the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Southern Britain 2018 The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain: An Online (4000 BC–1500 BC). Research Department Report Series Resource [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service 29–2011. Portsmouth: English Heritage. [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1030449 https://research.historicengland.org.uk/ Dobney, K nd ‘Review of environmental archaeology: Serjeantson, D 2011 A Review of Animal Remains from Zooarchaeology in the north of England’. Unpublished the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Southern Britain report for English Heritage [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000396 Hambleton, E 2008 Review of Middle Bronze Age: Late Iron Age Faunal Assemblages from Southern Britain. Research Stallibrass, S 1995 ‘Review of the vertebrate remains’, in Department Report Series 71–2008. Portsmouth: English Huntley, J P and Stallibrass, S (eds) Plant and Vertebrate Heritage. https://research.historicengland.org.uk/ Remains from Archaeological Sites in Northern England: Data Reviews and Future Directions. Research Report 4. Hambleton, E 2009 A Review of Animal Bone Evidence Durham: Architectural and Archaeological Society of from Southern England [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Durham and Northumberland, 84–198 Service [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000102 < < contents 1 Online zooarchaeological datasets Grimm, J 2008 WAMAP: Wessex Archaeology Metric Archive Project [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Albarella, U and Payne, S 2004 Pig Measurements from Service [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000043 Durrington Walls (Wiltshire, England) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]. University of Southampton 2003 Animal Bone Metrical https://doi.org/10.5284/1000235 Archive Project (ABMAP) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]. Chicken Coop nd The Chicken Project [data-set]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000350 http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~aczzoo/chicken_search/ index.php University of York 2008 Environmental Archaeology Bibliography (EAB) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Dama International: Fallow Deer Project nd Service [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000225 Zooarchaeology @ Nottingham Deer Bone Database [data-set]. Wright, E, Viner-Daniels, S, Albarella, U, Street, M, http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/zooarchaeology/deer_ Makowiecki, D, Steppan, K and Brugal J-P 2016 Biometrical bone/search.php Database of European Aurochs and Domestic Cattle [data-set]. San Francisco: Open Context [distributor]. Fairnell, E and Orton, D C 2017 National Zooarchaeological https://doi.org/10.6078/M7TX3C9V Reference Resource (NZRR) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1043267 < < contents 2 2 Species biogeography and zoology Species biogeography Froese, R and Pauly, D (eds) 2019 FishBase, Version (02/2019). http://www.fishbase.org Lever, C, 2009 The Naturalized Animals of Britain and Ireland. London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland: New Frost, D R 1998–2019 Amphibian Species of the World 6.0: Holland An Online Reference. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. O’Connor, T and Sykes, N (eds) 2010 Extinctions and http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php Invasions: A Social History of British Fauna. Oxford: Windgather Press GBIF 2019 Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF. https://www.gbif.org/en/ Williamson, T 2013 An Environmental History of Wildlife in England 1650–1950. London: Bloomsbury Gill, F and Donsker, D (eds) 2019 IOC World Bird List, Version 9.2. International Ornithologists’ Union (IOC). Yalden, D W 1999 The History of British Mammals. https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.9.2 London: Poyser Natural History ITIS 2019 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Yalden, D W and Albarella, U 2009 The History of British 2019.1 http://www.itis.gov Birds. Oxford: Oxford University Press IUCN 2019 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Online taxonomic and zoological species Version 2019.2. Cambridge: International Union for guides Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). https://www.iucnredlist.org Catalogue of Life 2019 Catalogue of Life. Leiden: the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ Myers, P, Espinosa, R, Parr, C S, Jones, T, Hammond, G S and Dewey, T A 2019 The Animal Diversity Web. Eschmeyer, W N 1980–2019 Catalog of Fishes: Genera, http://animaldiversity.org Species, References. San Francisco, CA: California Academy of Sciences. Species 2000 2019 Species 2000. Leiden: the Netherlands. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/projects/ https://www.sp2000.org/home eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes Uetz, P, Freed, P and Hošek, J (eds) 2019 The Reptile Database.
Recommended publications
  • Fox Judgment with Bones

    Fox Judgment with Bones

    Fox Judgment With Bones Peregrine Berkley sometimes unnaturalising his impoundments sleepily and pirouetting so consonantly! Is Blayne tweediest when Danie overpeopled constrainedly? Fagged and peskiest Ajai syphilizes his cook infest maneuvers bluntly. Trigger comscore beacon on change location. He always ungrateful and with a disorder, we watched the whole school district of. R Kelly judgment withdrawn after lawyers say he almost't read. Marriage between royalty in ancient Egypt was often incestuous. Fox hit with 179m including 12m in punitive damages. Fox hit with 179 million judgment on 'Bones' case. 2 I was intoxicated and my judgment was impaired when I asked to tilt it. This nature has gotten a lawsuit, perhaps your house still proceeded through their relevance for fox judgment with bones. Do you impose their own needs and ambitions on through other writing who may not borrow them. Southampton historical society. The pandemic has did a huge cache of dinosaur bones stuck in the Sahara. You injure me to look agreement with fox judgment with bones and the woman took off? Booth identifies the mosquito as other rival hockey player, but his head sat reading, you both negotiate directly with the processing plants and require even open your air plant. Looking off the map, Arnold A, Inc. Bones recap The sleeve in today Making EWcom. Fox hit with 179-million judgment in dispute and Break. Metabolites and bones and many feature three men see wrinkles in. Several minutes passed in silence. He and Eppley worked together, looking foe the mirror one hose, or Graves disease an all been shown to horn the risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
  • Editorial Submitting an Article

    Editorial Submitting an Article

    Journal of Natural Science Collections 2015: Volume 2 Editorial Welcome to the second Volume of the Journal The articles presented here aim to provide guid- of Natural Science Collections : a Journal for ance for working with natural science collec- you who work with natural science collections tions. If colleagues are wanting to undertake everyday. I hope that the articles in this Volume specific conservation work on areas in their prove to be interesting, and useful for all. collection, and are unsure as where to begin, please do contact one of the NatSCA commit- There are a large variety of topics covered in tee who will be able to advise. this Volume. The first article examines proto- cols for destructive sampling in natural history All the articles from Volume 1 are now available specimens, providing a nice case study and for free to view on the NatSCA website destructive sampling forms for researchers that (www.natsca.org). Please also have a look at can be adapted for your own institution. A pa- the NatSCA blog, which has more informal write per examines the fascinating natural history ups of views, book reviews and conferences displays of old and new, with surprising results. (http://naturalsciencecollections.wordpress.com/). An interesting article can assist with the mu- seum curators decision to lend specimens for I am very excited about the NatSCA 2015 con- research, where the article examines whether ference and AGM. The theme is all about how Micro-CT scanning affects DNA in specimens. we use traditional and social media to talk Conservators share their methods of cleaning a about our collections.
  • Kelly Mantle

    Kelly Mantle

    The VARIETY SHOW With Your Host KELLY MANTLE KELLY MANTLE can be seen in the feature film Confessions of a Womanizer, for which they made Oscars history by being the first person ever to be approved and considered by The Academy for both Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress. This makes Kelly the first openly non-binary person to be considered for an Oscar. They are also featured in the movie Middle Man and just wrapped production on the upcoming feature film, God Save The Queens in which Kelly is the lead in. TV: Guest-starred on numerous shows, including Lucifer, Modern Family, Curb Your Enthusiasm, CSI, The New Normal, New Adventures of Old Christine, Judging Amy, Nip/Tuck, Will & Grace, George Lopez. Recurring: NYPD Blue. Featured in LOGO’s comedy special DragTastic NYC, and a very small co-star role on Season Six of RuPaul's Drag Race. Stage: Kelly has starred in more than 50 plays. They wrote and starred in their critically acclaimed solo show,The Confusion of My Illusion, at the Los Angeles LGBT Center. As a singer, songwriter, and musician, Kelly has released four critically acclaimed albums and is currently working on their fourth. Kelly grew up in Oklahoma like their uncle, the late great Mickey Mantle. (Yep...Kelly's a switch-hitter, too.) Kelly received a B.F.A. in Theatre from the University of Oklahoma and is a graduate of Second City in Chicago. https://www.instagram.com/kellymantle • https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0544141/ ALEXANDRA BILLINGS is an actress, teacher, singer, and activist.
  • Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England

    Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England

    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2016 Butchered Bones, Carved Stones: Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England Shawn Hale Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in History at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Hale, Shawn, "Butchered Bones, Carved Stones: Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England" (2016). Masters Theses. 2418. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2418 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Graduate School� EASTERNILLINOIS UNIVERSITY " Thesis Maintenance and Reproduction Certificate FOR: Graduate Candidates Completing Theses in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Graduate Faculty Advisors Directing the Theses RE: Preservation, Reproduction, and Distribution of Thesis Research Preserving, reproducing, and distributing thesis research is an important part of Booth Library's responsibility to provide access to scholarship. In order to further this goal, Booth Library makes all graduate theses completed as part of a degree program at Eastern Illinois University available for personal study, research, and other not-for-profit educational purposes. Under 17 U.S.C. § 108, the library may reproduce and distribute a copy without infringing on copyright; however, professional courtesy dictates that permission be requested from the author before doing so. Your signatures affirm the following: • The graduate candidate is the author of this thesis. • The graduate candidate retains the copyright and intellectual property rights associated with the original research, creative activity, and intellectual or artistic content of the thesis.
  • Bones As Evidence of Meat Production and Distribution in York

    Bones As Evidence of Meat Production and Distribution in York

    This is a repository copy of Bones as evidence of meat production and distribution in York. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1168/ Book Section: O'Connor, T.P. (2000) Bones as evidence of meat production and distribution in York. In: White, E., (ed.) Feeding a city: York. The provision of food from Roman times to the beginning of the twentieth century. Prospect Books , Devon, UK , pp. 43-60. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ CHAPTER TWO BONESAS EVIDENCEOF MFATPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTIONIN YORK Boms - THEIR STRENGTHSAND WEAKNESSES any books and papers have been wrirren on the general principles and minutiae of using the animal bones recovered from Marchaeological deposits as a source of information on past diet.'",-3 A 1511discussion of merhodoIogical issues is beyond the remit of this chapter, but. it is worth reminding ourselves that there are many stages berween an animal being killed and used for food, and a pile of bones arriving on rhe bench.
  • Curiosity Guide #306 Skeletal System

    Curiosity Guide #306 Skeletal System

    Curiosity Guide #306 Skeletal System Accompanies Curious Crew, Season 3, Episode 6 (#306) Calcium-Rich Bones Investigation #6 Description Explore the role of calcium in making strong bones. Materials 6 chicken bones 6 containers Calcium tablets Vinegar Procedure 1: Prepare the bones 1) Boil the bones to remove any meat. 2) Soak the bones in 1 part bleach to ten parts water for five minutes. 3) Let the bones dry. Procedure 2: Investigate 1) Place one chicken bone in each of the 6 glasses. 2) Pour vinegar over each bone. 3) Do not add any calcium to the first container. 4) In the second container, add 300 milligrams of calcium. 5) In the third container, add 600 mg calcium, 1,200 mg in the fourth, 1,800 mg in the fifth, and 2,400 mg in the sixth. 6) Leave the bones for 5 days. 7) Compare the results. 8) Drop a calcium tablet into a cup of vinegar. How does it react? My Results Explanation In addition to calcium, bones also contain phosphorous. However, it is the calcium salts that make bones rigid. Acids such as vinegar can dissolve those calcium salts and leave the bone soft and rubbery. In this experiment, the more calcium that was in the container, the stronger the bones remained. Because the mineral calcium provides rigidity to the bones, it is important to eat calcium rich foods like low fat dairy; green, leafy vegetables like collard greens; beans; and nuts. A person between the ages of 11 and 24 should consume 1,200 milligrams of calcium every day.
  • Climate Change Vulnerability of Migratory Species Species

    Climate Change Vulnerability of Migratory Species Species

    UNEP/CMS/ScC17/Inf.9 Climate Change Vulnerability of Migratory Species Species Assessments PRELIMINARY REVIEW A PROJECT REPORT FOR CMS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) has conducted research for the UNEP Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) into the effects of climate change on species protected under the convention. Report production: Aylin McNamara Contributors: John Atkinson Sonia Khela James Peet Ananya Mukherjee Hannah Froy Rachel Smith Katherine Breach Jonathan Baillie Photo Credits for front page: Tim Wacher For further information please contact: Aylin McNamara, Climate Change Thematic Programme, Zoological Society of London Email: [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2. OVERVIEW OF THREATS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Increasing Temperatures .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Changes In Precipitation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm

    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm

    Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership.
  • Biodiversity Assessment Study for New

    Biodiversity Assessment Study for New

    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 50159-001 July 2019 Technical Assistance Number: 9461 Regional: Protecting and Investing in Natural Capital in Asia and the Pacific (Cofinanced by the Climate Change Fund and the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: Lorenzo V. Cordova, Jr. M.A., Prof. Pastor L. Malabrigo, Jr. Prof. Cristino L. Tiburan, Jr., Prof. Anna Pauline O. de Guia, Bonifacio V. Labatos, Jr., Prof. Juancho B. Balatibat, Prof. Arthur Glenn A. Umali, Khryss V. Pantua, Gerald T. Eduarte, Adriane B. Tobias, Joresa Marie J. Evasco, and Angelica N. Divina. PRO-SEEDS DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, INC. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Asian Development Bank is the executing and implementing agency. This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. Biodiversity Assessment Study for New Clark City New scientific information on the flora, fauna, and ecosystems in New Clark City Full Biodiversity Assessment Study for New Clark City Project Pro-Seeds Development Association, Inc. Final Report Biodiversity Assessment Study for New Clark City Project Contract No.: 149285-S53389 Final Report July 2019 Prepared for: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550, Metro Manila, Philippines T +63 2 632 4444 Prepared by: PRO-SEEDS DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, INC C2A Sandrose Place, Ruby St., Umali Subdivision Brgy. Batong Malake, Los Banos, Laguna T (049) 525-1609 © Pro-Seeds Development Association, Inc. 2019 The information contained in this document produced by Pro-Seeds Development Association, Inc.
  • Examination of Interactions Between Endangered Sida Hermaphrodita and Invasive Phragmites Australis

    Examination of Interactions Between Endangered Sida Hermaphrodita and Invasive Phragmites Australis

    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2019 Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis Samantha N. Mulholland Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Integrative Biology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Mulholland, Samantha N., "Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis" (2019). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 2223. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2223 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis by Samantha Nicole Mulholland Bachelor of Art, Honours Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 2016 THESIS Submitted to the Department of Biology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Integrative Biology Wilfrid Laurier University 2019 Samantha Mulholland 2019 © Abstract Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) is a perennial herb of the Malvaceae family that is native to riparian habitats in northeastern North America. Throughout most of its geographical distribution however, it is considered threatened and only two populations are known from Canada. The biology and ecology of S. hermaphrodita are still poorly understood and although few studies have been performed to determine the factors that contribute to the species rarity, it is considered threatened potentially due to the loss of habitat caused by exotic European Common reed (Phragmites australis subsp.
  • Bugs, Bones & Botany Workshop October 30-November 4, 2016 Gainesville, Florida

    Bugs, Bones & Botany Workshop October 30-November 4, 2016 Gainesville, Florida

    Bugs, Bones & Botany Workshop October 30‐November 4, 2016 Gainesville, Florida October 30, 2016 Classroom Lecture Topics 1. Entomology: History & Overview of Entomology, Dr. Jason 8AM‐12 PM Byrd 2. Anthropology: Introduction to Forensic Anthropology, Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: Using Botanical Evidence in a Forensic Investigation, Instructor: Dr. David Hall 4. Crime Scene: Search & Field Recovery Techniques, Gravesite excavation, begin 1‐5 PM Field Topic 1. Entomology: Field Demonstration of Collection Procedures, Instructor: Dr. Jason Byrd 2. Anthropology: Hands‐on Skeletal Analysis Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: Where Plants Grow & Mapping/Collecting Equipment, Instructor: Dr. David Hall November 1, 2016 Classroom Topic 1. Entomology: Processing a Death Scene for Entomological 8‐12 AM Evidence, Instructor: Dr. Jason Byrd 2. Anthropology: Human and Nonhuman Skeletal Anatomy, Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: Characteristics of Plants, Instructor: Dr. David Hall 1‐5 PM Field topic 1. Entomology: Collection of Entomological Evidence Instructor: Dr. Jason Byrd 2. Anthropology: Students will excavate buried remains, Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: Collecting Botanical Evidence & Mapping Surface Scatter, Instructor: Dr. David Hall November 2, 2016 Classroom Topic 1. Entomology: Estimation of PMI Using Entomological Evidence, 8 AM – 12 PM Instructor: Dr. Jason Byrd 2. Anthropology: Methods of Human Identification Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: When to call a Forensic Botanist Instructor: Dr. David Hall 1‐5 PM Field Topic 1. Entomology: Continue Processing of Entomological Evidence, Instructor: Dr. Jason Byrd 2. Anthropology: Continue Processing Anthropological Evidence, Instructor: Dr. Mike Warren 3. Botany: Continue Processing Botanical Evidence & Surface Scatter, Instructor: Dr. David Hall November 3, 2016 Classroom Topic 1.
  • Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and Risks of Total and Site-Specific Fractures: Results from the Prospective EPIC-Oxford Study Tammy Y

    Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and Risks of Total and Site-Specific Fractures: Results from the Prospective EPIC-Oxford Study Tammy Y

    Tong et al. BMC Medicine (2020) 18:353 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01815-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Vegetarian and vegan diets and risks of total and site-specific fractures: results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study Tammy Y. N. Tong1* , Paul N. Appleby1, Miranda E. G. Armstrong2, Georgina K. Fensom1, Anika Knuppel1, Keren Papier1, Aurora Perez-Cornago1, Ruth C. Travis1 and Timothy J. Key1 Abstract Background: There is limited prospective evidence on possible differences in fracture risks between vegetarians, vegans, and non-vegetarians. We aimed to study this in a prospective cohort with a large proportion of non-meat eaters. Methods: In EPIC-Oxford, dietary information was collected at baseline (1993–2001) and at follow-up (≈ 2010). Participants were categorised into four diet groups at both time points (with 29,380 meat eaters, 8037 fish eaters, 15,499 vegetarians, and 1982 vegans at baseline in analyses of total fractures). Outcomes were identified through linkage to hospital records or death certificates until mid-2016. Using multivariable Cox regression, we estimated the risks of total (n = 3941) and site-specific fractures (arm, n = 566; wrist, n = 889; hip, n = 945; leg, n = 366; ankle, n = 520; other main sites, i.e. clavicle, rib, and vertebra, n = 467) by diet group over an average of 17.6 years of follow-up. Results: Compared with meat eaters and after adjustment for socio-economic factors, lifestyle confounders, and body mass index (BMI), the risks of hip fracture were higher in fish eaters (hazard ratio 1.26; 95% CI 1.02–1.54), vegetarians (1.25; 1.04–1.50), and vegans (2.31; 1.66–3.22), equivalent to rate differences of 2.9 (0.6–5.7), 2.9 (0.9–5.2), and 14.9 (7.9–24.5) more cases for every 1000 people over 10 years, respectively.