Rural-Urban Migration to Shanghai (1927–1937)
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The Case for 1950S China-India History
Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ghosh, Arunabh. 2017. Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History. The Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 3: 697-727. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41288160 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP DRAFT: DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History Arunabh Ghosh ABSTRACT China-India history of the 1950s remains mired in concerns related to border demarcations and a teleological focus on the causes, course, and consequence of the war of 1962. The result is an overt emphasis on diplomatic and international history of a rather narrow form. In critiquing this narrowness, this paper offers an alternate chronology accompanied by two substantive case studies. Taken together, they demonstrate that an approach that takes seriously cultural, scientific and economic life leads to different sources and different historical arguments from an approach focused on political (and especially high political) life. Such a shift in emphasis, away from conflict, and onto moments of contact, comparison, cooperation, and competition, can contribute fresh perspectives not just on the histories of China and India, but also on histories of the Global South. Arunabh Ghosh ([email protected]) is Assistant Professor of Modern Chinese History in the Department of History at Harvard University Vikram Seth first learned about the death of “Lita” in the Chinese city of Turfan on a sultry July day in 1981. -
Automatic Identification of Noun Phrases Based on Statistics and Rules
2010 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE 2010) Hefei, China 24 - 27 August 2010 Pages 1 - 670 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1089F-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-6002-1 1 / 3 TABLE OF TECHNICAL PROGRAMS Parallel Oral Presentation Sessions WeM1 Meeting Room 1, 1/F Artificial Intelligence I 13:50 - 14:10 WeM2.2 Chair: Sun Binxuan Donghua Univ. Design of an Embedded Control and Acquisition System for Co-Chair: Wang Huabin Anhui Univ. Industrial Local Area Networks Based on ARM, pp. 35-39. Gan-ping Li Nanchang Univ. 13:30 - 13:50 WeM1.1 Automatic Identification of Noun Phrases Based on Statistics and 14:10 - 14:30 WeM2.3 Rules, pp. 1-5. Analysis of RCS Characteristic of Dihedral Corner and Triangular Shuicai Shi Info. Sci. & Tech. Univ.; Trihedral Corner Reflectors, pp. 40-43. Beijing TRS Info. Tech. Co., Ltd. Chengfan Li Shanghai Univ. Zhijie Liu Info. Sci. & Tech. Univ. Junjuan Zhao Shanghai Univ. Yuqin Li Info. Sci. & Tech. Univ.; Jingyuan Yin Shanghai Univ. Beijing TRS Info. Tech. Co., Ltd. Guifan Zhang China Earthquake Administration Xueqiang Lv Info. Sci. & Tech. Univ. Xinjian Shan China Earthquake Administration Beijing TRS Info. Tech. Co., Ltd. 14:30 - 14.50 WeM2.4 13:50 - 14:10 WeM1.2 Simulation of Gas Diffusion During Sudden Leakage on A New Approach of Random Forest for Multiclass Classification Block-scale, pp. 44-48. Problem, pp. 6-8. Jiang Huixian Fujian Normal Univ. Binxuan Sun Donghua Univ. Lin Guangfa Fujian Normal Univ. Jiarong Luo Donghua Univ. Huang Wanli Fujian Normal Univ. Shuangbao Shu Donghua Univ. -
Rural-Urban Migration in China
Internal Labor Migration in China: Trends, Geographical Distribution and Policies Kam Wing Chan Department of Geography University of Washington Seattle [email protected] January 2008 Wuhan: Share of Migrant Workers (Non-Hukou) (2000 Census Data) Industry % of employment in that industry Manufacturing 43 Construction 56 Social Services 50 Real Estate and Housing 40 Wuhan City (7 city districts) 46 Urban recreation consumption rose at 14% p.a in 1995-2005 Topics • Hukou System and Migration Statistics • Migration Trends • Geography •Policies (The Household Registration System, 户口制度) • Formally set up in 1958 • Divided population/society into two major types of households: rural and urban • Differential treatments of rural and urban residents • Controlled by the police and other govt departments • Basically an “internal passport system” • Currently, the system serves as a benefit eligibility system; a tool of institutional exclusion than controlling geographical mobility • The population of a city is divided into “local” and “outside” population. Ad MIGRANT CHILDREN FALL THROUGH THE CRACKS An unlicensed school in Beijing Two types of internal migrants • Hukou Migrants: migrants with local residency rights • Non-hukou Migrant: migrants without local residency rights – also called: non-hukou population, or more generally, “floating population” Wuhan: Share of Non-Hukou Migrant Workers (2000 Census Data) Industry % of Employment Manufacturing 43 Construction 56 Social Services 50 Real Estate and Housing 40 Wuhan City (7 city districts) -
China's Urbanization, Social Restructure and Public
Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 9:1 (2014) 55-77 Articles China’s Urbanization, Social Restructure and Public Administration Reforms: An Overview Xiaoyuan Wan University of Sheffield [email protected] Abstract This paper provides a review of the broad process of China’s urbanization and the urban public administration reform since the 1978 reforms, with a focus on the changing public policies in the realms of employment, housing, social insurance and the devolution of government authority. It suggests that the main government rationale of the public administration system reforms was to hand over a part of public services which used to be delivered by the central government and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), to local governments and to devolve a part of responsibility to the private sector, the social sector and individuals. According to these reforms, most of the social services, which could only be enjoyed by the employees of the SOEs were handed over to grassroots governments and aimed to cover more urban population. But at the same time, individuals had to take on more responsibilities of their careers choice and fund part of their own social welfare. This paper concludes by suggesting that with proliferating literature on China’s social and economic transition, further study should be carried out to explore the implementation of the reformed urban public policies by local governments and special concern should be given to the participation of non-government actors in China’s public administration. Introduction SINCE THE LATE 1970S, a series of economic reforms have been driving China to step away from a rigid socialism to a more open and diverse society, in which the urban economy developed at a tremendous speed and played an increasingly important role in the national economy. -
Brief Discussion on the Strategies of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in the Work of Unifying Front
ISSN 1712-8358[Print] Cross-Cultural Communication ISSN 1923-6700[Online] Vol. 12, No. 7, 2016, pp. 45-48 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/8644 www.cscanada.org Brief Discussion on the Strategies of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in the Work of Unifying Front PENG Xinglin[a],* [a]Lecturer, Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing, of the CPC Central Committee has extremely strategic China. work on unifying front under extremely complicated * Corresponding author. circumstance. Received 16 April 2016; accepted 15 June 2016 Published online 26 July 2016 1. STRONG LEADERSHIP OF THE Abstract The work of unifying front of the Southern Bureau of PARTY the CPC Central Committee under the direct leadership Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has of Zhou Enlai has been developed deeply within the been working on unifying front leaded by the CPC Kuomintang’s (KMT) territory and part of enemy’s Central Committee. Mao Zedong, leader of the Party, territory is full of strategies, mainly as the consequences has a critical conclusion on importance of unifying of the strong and effective leadership of the party, the front which is “whether China is able to be liberated clarity of the objects of united front work, the varied from this heavy national and social crisis depends on methods of united front work, focusing on combining progress of unifying front” (Mao, 1991, p.364). To the current situation as well as the personal charm of the working policy of the Southern Bureau, Mao Zedong leader of united front work. pointed out on August 24, 1939 that “(a) stabilize the Key words: Southern bureau; United front; Fighting Party, (b) goes deep into the mass, (c) develop united strategies front in the middle class. -
Continuously Tracking the Annual Changes of the Hengsha and Changxing Islands at the Yangtze River Estuary from 1987 to 2016 Using Landsat Imagery
water Article Continuously Tracking the Annual Changes of the Hengsha and Changxing Islands at the Yangtze River Estuary from 1987 to 2016 Using Landsat Imagery Nan Xu 1, Dongzhen Jia 2,*, Lei Ding 3 and Yan Wu 4 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] 2 School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China 3 Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Port, Waterway and Sedimentation Engineering of the Ministry of Transport, Nanjing 210029, China; [email protected] 4 Shanghai Dahua Surveying & Mapping Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200136, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-133-9091-4608 Received: 5 December 2017; Accepted: 2 February 2018; Published: 8 February 2018 Abstract: The evolution of estuarine islands is potentially controlled by sediment discharge, tidal currents, sea level rise, and intensive human activities. An understanding of the spatial and temporal changes of estuarine islands is needed for environmental change monitoring and assessment in estuarine and coastal areas. Such information can also help us better understand how estuarine islands respond to sea level rise in the context of global warming. The temporal changes of two estuarine islands in Shanghai near the Yangtze River Estuary were obtained using Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) images from 1987 to 2016 on an annual scale. First, a composite image was generated by using the multi-temporal Landsat images for each year. Then, a modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was applied to the annual estuarine island maps using a threshold segmentation method. -
Globalization and Shanghai Model: a Retrospective and Prospective Analysis
Journal of International and Global Studies Volume 4 Number 1 Article 5 11-1-2012 Globalization and Shanghai Model: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis Linsun Cheng Ph.D. University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs Part of the Anthropology Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Cheng, Linsun Ph.D. (2012) "Globalization and Shanghai Model: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis," Journal of International and Global Studies: Vol. 4 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs/vol4/iss1/5 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International and Global Studies by an authorized editor of Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Globalization and Shanghai Model: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis Linsun Cheng University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth [email protected] AAbstractbstractAbstract Intended to shed light on the debate on the results of globalization and provide better understanding of the influences of globalization upon China as well as the world, this article traces the history of Shanghai’s economic globalization over the past 170 years since 1843 and demonstrates the benefits and problems Shanghai received from (or connected to) its -
Suburban Development in Shanghai: a Case of Songjiang
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING Suburban Development in Shanghai: A Case of Songjiang Jie Shen Supervisor: Professor Fulong Wu Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 ABSTRACT Since 2000, a new round of suburbanisation characterised by mixed-use clustered development has begun to unfold in China. This research aims to explore the dynamics of recent suburban growth in China and also provide an empirical case for enriching suburban theory. It is held that suburbanisation in China in its current form is by no means a spontaneous process, but results from capitalism’s creation of a new space to facilitate accumulation. Based on this view, the study examines the underlying forces of contemporary suburban growth with regard to three questions: what is the role of suburbanisation in China’s contemporary capital accumulation regime? How are the suburbs developed under coalitions of different actors? And how is suburban development shaped by demand-side actors? The study is founded on an intensive case study of Shanghai and one of its suburban districts, Songjiang. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Firsthand data from interviews and a questionnaire survey and a wide variety of secondary data were collected, providing a rich fund of knowledge for the research. While similar forms and functions to (post)-suburban settlements that have recently emerged in Western countries are found in Chinese suburbs, suburbanisation through new town development in China is a strategy of capital accumulation in response to a range of new conditions specific to China’s local context. New towns deal with the recentralisation of both fiscal and land development powers on the one hand, and accommodate the increasing housing demands of a diverse labour force on the other. -
Shanghai Coastal Erosion and Siltation and Its Influence on Deepwater Channel Project
[Type text] ISSN : [Type0974 -text] 7435 Volume[Type 10 Issue text] 8 2014 BioTechnology An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 10(8), 2014 [2388-2394] Shanghai coastal erosion and siltation and its influence on deepwater channel project Liu Qi-xia1*, Zou Xin1, Yuan Shu-Min2 1Civil Engineering and Architecture College, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, (CHINA) 2Shanghai Institute Geological Engineering Exploration, Shanghai, (CHINA) E-mail : [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The seaward sediments from Yangtze River triggered frequent and variable erosion and siltation of natural coast under conditions of the complex estuary geomorphology and hydrodynamic force, which brought negative influence on great coastal projects and became the main type of ecological disasters in the Shanghai area. This article together with results from monitoring data of sediment transport in the area of Yangtze River estuary analyzed its impact on deepwater channel project in Yangtze River Estuary, providing references for daily maintenance and safety operation of project. KEYWORDS Waterway engineering; Deep water channel; Coastal erosion and siltation. © Trade Science Inc. BTAIJ, 10(8) 2014 Liu Qi-xia et al. 2389 INTRODUCTION Nearing river and sea, Shanghai has superior geographical position, providing a good basis for development of economy and the reasonable layout of city. Due to the position of the confluence of two golden waterways Shanghai plays a key role in China national economy. With the establishment of economic, financial, trade and ship centers, construction of a wide range of seacoast engineering projects had vital function and made a positive contribution to the formation and development of coastal economic circle. -
China Wakes up to Its Water Crisis More Than 70 Per Cent of China's Rivers and Lakes Are Polluted and Almost Half May Contain
News / World China wakes up to its water crisis More than 70 per cent of China’s rivers and lakes are polluted and almost half may contain water that is unfit for human consumption or contact. AFP / GETTY IMAGES More than 70 per cent of China’s rivers and lakes are polluted, government reports have said. Here, a Chinese worker cleans up a stream polluted after an oil pipeline to a Beijing factory burst in 2012. By: Raveena Aulakh Environment, Published on Mon May 12 2014 One day in late February last year, Ma Jun’s home phone started ringing and didn’t stop. The director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs in Beijing had yet to have breakfast, so he ignored it. When he finally answered, the news was momentous. The Chinese government had admitted for the first time that decades of reckless pollution had spawned a string of “cancer villages.” These are communities near chemical, pharmaceutical or power plants with unusually high death rates. Environmentalists, NGOs and academics had long argued that contaminated water, which villagers rely on for drinking, cooking and washing, was the prime suspect. The cancer villages — there are an estimated 450 across China — were identified in the late ’90s but the government had never acknowledged them. Until now. The belated recognition appeared in the environment ministry’s five-year plan for tackling pollution. Ma, a well-known environmental activist, couldn’t believe it. The document said: “In recent years, toxic and hazardous chemical pollution has caused many environmental disasters, cutting off drinking water supplies, and even leading to severe health and social problems such as ‘cancer villages.’” This, says Ma, was the government’s first step in solving the “big problem” of water pollution. -
Natural Gas in China's Power Sector
December 2020 Natural gas in China’s power sector: Challenges and the road ahead China’s pledge to peak its emissions before 2030 suggests that decarbonization of its coal-dominant power sector will be key to fulfilling this goal. Natural gas emits around 50 per cent less greenhouse gases than coal when used in electricity generation.1 With the rapid deployment of variable renewables, gas-fired power plants could also enhance the flexibility of the power system and boost renewables integration. However, the development of natural gas in China’s power sector has been slow, with installed gas-fired capacity standing at 97 GW by October 2020 out of 2,100 GW total installed generating capacity, according to the latest data by the China Electricity Council.2 This falls short of the target of 110 GW by 2020, set out in the 13th Five Year plan (2016–2020). Gas-fired generation only accounted for 3.2 per cent of China’s total power production in 2019, significantly below coal’s share of 62 per cent. Average running hours were 2,646 last year, indicating that gas-fired power plants have been underutilized. This analysis discusses the latest developments in China’s gas-fired power generation, the main challenges, and the road ahead both in the context of the upcoming 14th Five-Year Plan and the recently announced 2060 carbon neutrality goal. Expensive imported gas, costly turbine technology, and the lack of fully competitive electricity markets have been the main obstacles limiting the role of natural gas in China’s power sector. -
Annual Report
Excellent food chain, quality products 中國糧油控股有限公司 (A COFCO Company) stock code: 606 China Agri at a glance Company Oilseeds processing business Biofuel and Information biochemical business A leading fuel ethanol producer Business Description The second largest edible oil and oilseeds meal producer in with the first and only non-food China grain production line in China. One of the largest biochemical producers in China Products Edible oils and oilseeds meals Biofuel: Fuel ethanol, consumable ethanol Biochemical: Corn starch, sweetener and feed ingredients Brands 福掌櫃, 五湖 (Five Lakes Feed), 天耕, 艾維 (Avalon), 大一, 福之 源, 谷花, 魯蒙, XIANGRUI, 喜盈盈 2009 Performance 2009 Operating • The biggest contributor to the Company’s business, accounting • Boosting sales volume Highlights for 61.2% of revenue and 48.7% of operating profit of the products through implementation of effective cost control measures • Through the effective hedging policy, the risk of price and increase in production fluctuations for raw material and related products was capacity of the investment projects during the year reduced • Raising the market share by expanding and increasing the production capacity under the strategic planning 2009 Revenue • HK$26,811.8 million • HK$7,750.6 million 2009 GP Margin • 4.3% • 11.6% 2009 OP Margin • 3.9% • 9.8% 2010 Outlook Mission for Year Move forward new projects; set down new strategies for Ongoing enhancement in 2010 rapeseed and palm oils to extend our lead in the market operations to boost product quality, production capacity and operational efficiency 2009 Disclosed Establishment of new companies with COFCO Corporation Projects (“COFCO”) • Zhangjiagang COFCO East Ocean Storage Co., Ltd.