Final Report JOINT STORMWATER AGENCY PROJECT to STUDY URBAN SOURCES of MERCURY, PCBS and ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
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Final Report JOINT STORMWATER AGENCY PROJECT TO STUDY URBAN SOURCES OF MERCURY, PCBS AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES A collaborative project of the following agencies: • Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program • Contra Costa Clean Water Program • San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program • Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program • Vallejo Flood Control and Sanitation District • Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District April 2002 Page Intentionally Blank Final Report JOINT STORMWATER AGENCY PROJECT TO STUDY URBAN SOURCES OF MERCURY, PCBS AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES A collaborative project of the following agencies: • Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program • Contra Costa Clean Water Program • San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program • Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program • Vallejo Flood Control and Sanitation District • Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District Prepared by: Kinnetic Laboratories, Inc. 307 Washington Street Santa Cruz, California 95060 In Association with: EOA, Inc. 1410 Jackson Street Oakland, California 94612 April 2002 Page Intentionally Blank TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables...................................................................................................................................ii List of Figures............................................................................................................................... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and Overview............................................................................................1 1.2 Project Objectives .........................................................................................................2 2.0 METHODS............................................................................................................................3 2.1 Selection of Sampling Sites...........................................................................................3 2.2 Sampling Procedures...................................................................................................20 2.2.1 Initial Sampling Equipment Decontamination ..............................................20 2.2.2 Field Sampling Procedures............................................................................20 2.3 Analytical Methods and Reporting Limits ..................................................................24 2.4 Field and Laboratory Quality Control.........................................................................24 2.4.1 Field Sampling Quality Control.....................................................................24 2.4.2 Laboratory Quality Control ...........................................................................24 2.5 Data Analysis ..............................................................................................................26 2.5.1 Descriptive Statistics.....................................................................................26 2.5.2 Hypothesis Testing........................................................................................26 2.5.3 Stormwater Load Estimations........................................................................26 2.5.3.1 Watersheds and Land Use .............................................................28 2.5.3.2 Runoff Coefficients.......................................................................30 2.5.3.3 Rainfall .......................................................................................31 2.5.3.4 Contaminant Concentrations.........................................................34 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................35 3.1 Major Land Use...........................................................................................................48 3.2 Urban and Nonurban ...................................................................................................51 3.2.1 Comparison iment with Recent San Francisco Bay Sediments.....................52 3.3 Stormwater Load Estimates.........................................................................................57 3.3.1 Assessment of potential impacts of cleanup activities on PCB loading ........57 3.4 Top 15th Percentile Sites..............................................................................................62 3.5 PCB Homologs............................................................................................................68 4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................73 4.1 Conclusions.................................................................................................................73 4.2 Recommendations.......................................................................................................74 5.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................75 Appendix A: Summary of Analytical Results for PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides. Appendix B: Site Descriptions, Field Notes, Site Photos (Photos provided on CD only) Appendix C: Sediment Particle Size Data Results Appendix D: QA/QC Assessment Appendix E: Laboratory Data Sheets (Provided on CD only) LIST OF TABLES Table ES.1 Summary of Estimated Stormwater Loads to San Francisco Bay from 17 Watersheds and Portions Contributed by Urban Sources....................................ES-3 Table 1. Number of sampling locations by jurisdiction and drainage type. ............................3 Table 2. Station location percentages by jurisdiction and drainage type.................................4 Table 3. Sampling locations and station identifications 2000-2001......................................15 Table 4. Parameters, methods, and holding times for analysis of sediments ........................22 Table 5. Comparison of Regional Monitoring Program target method detection limits (MDLs) for PCB congeners with project specific MDLs and method reporting limits (MRLs) ..........................................................................................................23 Table 6. Comparison of Regional Monitoring Program target method detection limits (MDLs) for organochlorine pesticides with project specific MDLs and method reporting limits (MRLs). .........................................................................................24 Table 7. Summary of laboratory quality control performance measures and data quality objectives for measurement of mercury, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, TOC and grain size in sediments......................................................................................25 Table 8. Summary of drainage areas and land use within each hydrologic area tributary to San Francisco Bay ...................................................................................................30 Table 9. Estimates of impervious fraction and calculated runoff coefficients for each major land use category...........................................................................................31 Table 10. Runoff coefficients used by SFEI (2000)................................................................31 Table 11. Summary of data used to estimate average annual rainfall in each region..............33 Table 12. Average annual rainfall values used for each hydrologic area.. ..............................34 Table 13. Estimates of the range and average concentration of suspended solids in stormwater runoff from the five major land use classifications. .............................34 Table 14. Summary of first year (2000) data results from each sampling location ................36 Table 15. Summary of data results from 2001 survey at each sampling location ...................38 Table 16. Summary of 2001 data normalized to the fine fraction (<62.5 microns).. ..............41 Table 17. Statistical summary of results by major land use classification ..............................49 Table 18. Statistical comparison of analyte concentration in sediments from storm drainages in four major land use categories. ...........................................................51 Table 19. Statistical summary of results by urban and nonurban land use categories. ...........53 Table 20. Statistical comparison of analyte concentration in sediments from urban and nonurban (open) storm drainages... .........................................................................54 Table 21. Estimates of annual loading (lbs/year) of PCBs, total mercury, chlordane and DDT to San Francisco Bay from each major watershed. ........................................59 Table 22. Estimates of annual loading (lbs/year) of PCBs, total mercury, chlordane and DDT to San Francisco Bay from each major land use category..............................60 Table 23. Comparison of current annual PCB load estimates with two source reduction scenarios. .................................................................................................................60 Table 24. List of sites identified with the top 15th percentile concentrations of total PCBs and mercury from sampling conducted in 2001. .....................................................64 Table 25. List