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July 2007 (Volume 16, Number 7) Entire Issue
July 2007 Volume 16, No. 7 www.aps.org/publications/apsnews APS NEWS Election Preview A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY • WWW.apS.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/apSNEWS Pages 6-7 Executive Board Resolution Thanks US physics team trains for competition in Iran By Katherine McAlpine Legislators for Support of Science Twenty-four high school stu- The APS Executive Board bill authorizes nearly $60 billion dents comprising the US Phys- has passed a resolution thanking for various programs for FY 2008 ics Olympiad team vied for five House and Senate policy makers through FY 2011. The bill would places on the traveling team at for recently-passed legislation double the NSF budget over five the University of Maryland from that strengthens the science, math years and double the DOE Office May 22nd to June 1st. Those and engineering activities of our of Science budget over 10 years. chosen to travel will compete nation. The House of Representatives this month against teams from “Sustaining and improving the passed five separate authorization all over the world at Isfahan standard of living of American bills, which were then combined University of Technology in Is- citizens, achieving energy security into one bill, H.R. 2272, the 21st fahan, Iran. and environmental sustainability, Century Competitiveness Act of Over 3,100 US Physics Team providing the jobs of tomorrow 2007. The bill would put the NSF hopefuls took the preliminary and defending our nation against budget and the NIST Scientific examination in January, and 200 aggressors all require federal in- and Technical Research and Ser- were given a second exam in vestments in science education vices budget on track to double in March to determine the top 24 and research… The Board con- 10 years. -
Curriculum Vitae JUAN MARTÍN MALDACENA Personal
Curriculum Vitae JUAN MART´IN MALDACENA Personal Date of Birth: September 10, 1968 Place of Birth: Buenos Aires, Argentina Nationality: US citizen, Argentina, Italy Address: Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA Telephone: (609) 734-8307 Fax Number: (609) 951-4489 E-mail: [email protected] Education and Professional Experience 2016 - present, Carl P. Feinberg Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study 2001 - present, Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study 1999-2001 Professor of Physics at Harvard University. 1998-1999 Tomas D. Cabot Associate Professor at Harvard University. 1997, Visiting Associate Professor at Harvard University. 1996-1997: Research Associate (post-doc) at Rutgers University. 1992-1996 Ph.D. Program at Princeton University. Ph.D. advisor C. Callan. 1988-1991 Student at Instituto Balseiro from the Universidad de Cuyo, Bariloche, Argentina. \Licenciatura" supervised by G. Aldazabal. 1986-1988 Student at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1 Professional Societies and Other Activities Member of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Member of the National Academy of Sciences Member of the Committee for the Mathematical Sciences in 2025 Study of the National Academy of Sciences Member of the American Physical Society Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member of the Scientific Council for the International Center for Theoretical Physics Member of the steering committee for the ICTP South American Center for Theo- retical Physics (at Sao Paulo) Honors and Awards 2019, Galileo Galilei Medal 2018, Lorentz Medal 2018, Richard E. Prange Prize 2018, Einstein Medal 2012, Milner Foundation Fundamental Physics Prize 2012, I.Ya.Pomeranchuk Prize 2008, ICTP Dirac Medal 2007, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics 2004, Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford University 2004, APS Edward A. -
Melanie S. Sanford
Melanie S. Sanford Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Tel. (734) 615-0451 Fax (734) 647-4865 [email protected] Research Group: http://www.umich.edu/~mssgroup/ EDUCATION: Ph.D., Chemistry June 2001 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA Thesis Title: Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts B.S.; M.S. cum laude with Distinction in Chemistry June 1996 Yale University, New Haven, CT CURRENT POSITION: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Moses Gomberg Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry September 2016 – present Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Chemistry July 2011 – present PREVIOUS POSITIONS: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Moses Gomberg Collegiate Professor of Chemistry January 2012 – Sept 2016 Professor of Chemistry September 2010 – June 2011 Associate Professor of Chemistry May 2007 – August 2010 William R. Roush Assistant Professor of Chemistry October 2006 – May 2007 Assistant Professor of Chemistry July 2003 – October 2006 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ NIH NRSA Postdoctoral Fellow August 2001 – June 2003 Advisor: Professor John T. Groves California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA Graduate Student August 1997 – July 2001 Advisor: Professor Robert H. Grubbs Yale University, New Haven, CT Undergraduate Student September 1994 – June 1996 Advisor: Professor Robert H. Crabtree Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC Summer Intern Summer 2003, 2004, 2005 Advisor: Dr. David W. Conrad AWARDS: Honorary Doctorate, University of South -
CHAD A. MIRKIN, PH.D. Northwestern University
CHAD A. MIRKIN, PH.D. Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 Phone: 847-491-2907 Fax: 847-467-5123 Email: [email protected] Education 1991 NSF Postdoctoral Fellow in Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1989 Ph.D. in Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 1986 B.S. in Chemistry (Phi Beta Kappa), Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA Professional Experience 2008-present Director, International Institute for Nanotechnology; George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry, Medicine, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University 2004-2008 Director, International Institute for Nanotechnology; George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry, Medicine, and Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University 2000-2004 Director, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly and George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry, Northwestern University 1997-2000 Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry, Northwestern University 1995-1997 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 1991-1995 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Awards and Honors (selected, over 230 national and international total) 2020 ACS Division of Colloid and Surface Science Award for Outstanding Achievement in Nanoscience; AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Award 2019 Kabiller Prize in Nanoscience and Nanomedicine; SCI Perkin -
The Struggle for Quantum Theory 47 5.1Aliensignals
Fundamental Forces of Nature The Story of Gauge Fields This page intentionally left blank Fundamental Forces of Nature The Story of Gauge Fields Kerson Huang Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA World Scientific N E W J E R S E Y • L O N D O N • S I N G A P O R E • B E I J I N G • S H A N G H A I • H O N G K O N G • TA I P E I • C H E N N A I Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF NATURE The Story of Gauge Fields Copyright © 2007 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-270-644-7 ISBN-10 981-270-644-5 ISBN-13 978-981-270-645-4 (pbk) ISBN-10 981-270-645-3 (pbk) Printed in Singapore. -
Advanced Information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004
Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004 Information Department, P.O. Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 8 673 95 00, Fax: +46 8 15 56 70, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.kva.se Asymptotic Freedom and Quantum ChromoDynamics: the Key to the Understanding of the Strong Nuclear Forces The Basic Forces in Nature We know of two fundamental forces on the macroscopic scale that we experience in daily life: the gravitational force that binds our solar system together and keeps us on earth, and the electromagnetic force between electrically charged objects. Both are mediated over a distance and the force is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the objects. Isaac Newton described the gravitational force in his Principia in 1687, and in 1915 Albert Einstein (Nobel Prize, 1921 for the photoelectric effect) presented his General Theory of Relativity for the gravitational force, which generalized Newton’s theory. Einstein’s theory is perhaps the greatest achievement in the history of science and the most celebrated one. The laws for the electromagnetic force were formulated by James Clark Maxwell in 1873, also a great leap forward in human endeavour. With the advent of quantum mechanics in the first decades of the 20th century it was realized that the electromagnetic field, including light, is quantized and can be seen as a stream of particles, photons. In this picture, the electromagnetic force can be thought of as a bombardment of photons, as when one object is thrown to another to transmit a force. -
November 2011 Volume 20, No.10 TM
November 2011 Volume 20, No.10 TM www.aps.org/publications/apsnews APS NEWS Focus on Northwest Section A PublicAtion of the AmericAn PhysicAl society • www.APs.org/PublicAtions/APsnews/index.cfm see page 6 Physical Review X Out of the Gate APS Helps Deconstruct the iPad on Capitol Hill The premier issue of Physical and exploring a physical model that By Mary Catherine Adams Review X, the new APS open ac- incorporates natural human-mobil- Congressional staffers gath- cess journal, hit the virtual news- ity patterns, challenges established ered at the Rayburn House Office stands on September 30th. PRX’s models for the spread of epidemics, Building in Washington on Sept. first twelve papers, in what will be and has, since its publication, re- 21 to learn about how basic sci- a quarterly journal, span a broad ceived attention in several national ence research was integral to the spectrum of fields and are all of media. Another paper comes from development of the iPad–a tool high scientific quality. Unlike other the area of electronic-devices re- many on Capitol Hill use daily. APS journals, which are mainly search, reporting the fabrication of In an effort to persuade Con- supported by subscription revenue, new nanowire-based electronic di- gress to invest in scientific re- PRX is supported by an article-pro- odes and demonstrating their ultra- search, the APS, participating cessing charge of $1500 for papers fast operating speeds and control- with the Task Force on American of less than 20 standard Physical lability. A third paper, also covered Innovation (TFAI) and several Review pages, with small incre- with a Synopsis in Physics, brings other organizations, hosted an mental charges for longer papers. -
Curriculum Vitae JUAN MARTÍN MALDACENA Personal
Curriculum Vitae JUAN MART´IN MALDACENA Personal Date of Birth: September 10, 1968 Place of Birth: Buenos Aires, Argentina Nationality: US citizen, Argentina, Italy Address: Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA Telephone: (609) 734-8307 Fax Number: (609) 951-4489 E-mail: [email protected] Education and Professional Experience 2016 - present, Carl P. Feinberg Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study 2001 - present, Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study 1999-2001 Professor of Physics at Harvard University. 1998-1999 Tomas D. Cabot Associate Professor at Harvard University. 1997, Visiting Associate Professor at Harvard University. 1996-1997: Research Associate (post-doc) at Rutgers University. 1992-1996 Ph.D. Program at Princeton University. Ph.D. advisor C. Callan. 1988-1991 Student at Instituto Balseiro from the Universidad de Cuyo, Bariloche, Argentina. \Licenciatura" supervised by G. Aldazabal. 1986-1988 Student at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1 Professional Societies and Other Activities Member of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Member of the National Academy of Sciences Member of the Committee for the Mathematical Sciences in 2025 Study of the National Academy of Sciences Member of the American Physical Society Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member of the Scientific Council for the International Center for Theoretical Physics Member of the steering committee for the ICTP South American Center for Theo- retical Physics (at Sao Paulo) Honors and Awards 2019, Galileo Galilei Medal 2018, Lorentz Medal 2018, Richard E. Prange Prize 2018, Einstein Medal 2012, Milner Foundation Fundamental Physics Prize 2012, I.Ya.Pomeranchuk Prize 2008, ICTP Dirac Medal 2007, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics 2004, Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford University 2004, APS Edward A. -
Twenty Five Years of Asymptotic Freedom
TWENTY FIVE YEARS OF ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM1 David J. Gross Institute For Theoretical Physics, UCSB Santa Barbara, California, USA e-mail: [email protected] Abstract On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Asymptotic Freedom, celebrated at the QCD Euorconference 98 on Quantum Chrodynamics, Montpellier, July 1998, I described the discovery of Asymptotic Freedom and the emergence of QCD. 1 INTRODUCTION Science progresses in a much more muddled fashion than is often pictured in history books. This is especially true of theoretical physics, partly because history is written by the victorious. Con- sequently, historians of science often ignore the many alternate paths that people wandered down, the many false clues they followed, the many misconceptions they had. These alternate points of view are less clearly developed than the final theories, harder to understand and easier to forget, especially as these are viewed years later, when it all really does make sense. Thus reading history one rarely gets the feeling of the true nature of scientific development, in which the element of farce is as great as the element of triumph. arXiv:hep-th/9809060v1 10 Sep 1998 The emergence of QCD is a wonderful example of the evolution from farce to triumph. During a very short period, a transition occurred from experimental discovery and theoretical confusion to theoretical triumph and experimental confirmation. In trying to relate this story, one must be wary of the danger of the personal bias that occurs as one looks back in time. It is not totally possible to avoid this. Inevitably, one is fairer to oneself than to others, but one can try. -
Sam Treiman Was Born in Chicago to a First-Generation Immigrant Family
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SAM BARD TREIMAN 1925–1999 A Biographical Memoir by STEPHEN L. ADLER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 80 PUBLISHED 2001 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. Courtesy of Robert P. Matthews SAM BARD TREIMAN May 27, 1925–November 30, 1999 BY STEPHEN L. ADLER AM BARD TREIMAN WAS a major force in particle physics S during the formative period of the current Standard Model, both through his own research and through the training of graduate students. Starting initially in cosmic ray physics, Treiman soon shifted his interests to the new particles being discovered in cosmic ray experiments. He evolved a research style of working closely with experimen- talists, and many of his papers are exemplars of particle phenomenology. By the mid-1950s Treiman had acquired a lifelong interest in the weak interactions. He would preach to his students that “the place to learn about the strong interactions is through the weak and electromagnetic inter- actions; the problem is half as complicated.’’ The history of the subsequent development of the Standard Model showed this philosophy to be prophetic. After the discovery of parity violation in weak interactions, Treiman in collaboration with J. David Jackson and Henry Wyld (1957) worked out the definitive formula for allowed beta decays, taking into account the possible violation of time reversal symmetry, as well as parity. Shortly afterwards Treiman embarked with Marvin Goldberger on a dispersion relations analysis (1958) of pion and nucleon beta decay, a 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS major outcome of which was the famed Goldberger-Treiman relation for the charged pion decay amplitude. -
The Shaw Prize 2006 Award Presentation Ceremony the Shaw Prize
The Shaw Prize 2006 Award Presentation Ceremony The Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize is an international award which honours individuals for achieving distinguished breakthroughs in academic and scientific research or applications, who have made outstanding contributions in culture and the arts, or who in other domains have achieved excellence. The award is dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity's spiritual civilization. Preference will be given to individuals whose significant work was recently achieved, or whose works' profound impact becomes increasingly apparent. Founder's Biographical Note The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr. Run Run Shaw. Mr. Shaw, born in China in 1907, is a native of Ningbo County, Zhejiang Province. He joined his brother's film company in China in the 1920s. In the 1950s he founded the film company Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Limited in Hong Kong. He has been Executive Chairman of Television Broadcasts Limited in Hong Kong since the 1970s. Mr. Shaw has also founded two charities, The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust and The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. ~ 1 ~ Message from the Chief Executive Message from the Founder Knowledge transcends national and Yesterday's discoveries, in the geographical boundaries. Scholars and scientists are the vanguard who competent hands of today's advances the frontier of knowledge, gifted innovators, empower and enhances our quality of life and enriches the civilization of inspire human society to strive mankind. -
IAS Letter Spring 2004
THE I NSTITUTE L E T T E R INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY · SPRING 2004 J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER CENTENNIAL (1904–1967) uch has been written about J. Robert Oppen- tions. His younger brother, Frank, would also become a Hans Bethe, who would Mheimer. The substance of his life, his intellect, his physicist. later work with Oppen- patrician manner, his leadership of the Los Alamos In 1921, Oppenheimer graduated from the Ethical heimer at Los Alamos: National Laboratory, his political affiliations and post- Culture School of New York at the top of his class. At “In addition to a superb war military/security entanglements, and his early death Harvard, Oppenheimer studied mathematics and sci- literary style, he brought from cancer, are all components of his compelling story. ence, philosophy and Eastern religion, French and Eng- to them a degree of lish literature. He graduated summa cum laude in 1925 sophistication in physics and afterwards went to Cambridge University’s previously unknown in Cavendish Laboratory as research assistant to J. J. the United States. Here Thomson. Bored with routine laboratory work, he went was a man who obviously to the University of Göttingen, in Germany. understood all the deep Göttingen was the place for quantum physics. Oppen- secrets of quantum heimer met and studied with some of the day’s most mechanics, and yet made prominent figures, Max Born and Niels Bohr among it clear that the most them. In 1927, Oppenheimer received his doctorate. In important questions were the same year, he worked with Born on the structure of unanswered.