DOCSLIB.ORG

An Abstract of the Dissertation Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Abstract of the Dissertation Of AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Jason Frederick Kaiser for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology presented on June 4, 2014. Title: Understanding Large Resurgent Calderas and Associated Magma Systems: The Pastos Grandes Caldera Complex, Southwest Bolivia. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Shanaka L. de Silva The Pastos Grandes Caldera Complex (PGCC) in southwest Bolivia has produced two large-volume (≥800 km3 DRE) dacite ignimbrites from a nested caldera source over a period of 5.5 Myr. In addition to the large-volume ignimbrites, a small-volume ignimbrite shield and post-climactic lavas define this composite system. Based on detailed field work and analysis of satellite imagery plus biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating, we summarize a revised stratigraphy, areal distribution and volume calculations for ignimbrites. From interpretations of stratigraphy and structures along the caldera margins, we propose an asymmetric collapse hinged along the north and western boundaries. Both the early Chuhuilla (5.45 ± 0.02 Ma), and the younger Pastos Grandes (2.89 ± 0.01 Ma) calderas share the hinge and much of the eastern collapse scarp, however the Chuhuilla caldera defines a much larger area (>1700 km2) compared to the Pastos Grandes (870 km2). It is proposed here that pre-existing regional tectonic weaknesses combined with influences of the magma body caused roof failure and caldera collapse. The vast majority of the ignimbrite volume lies within the Chuhuilla and Pastos Grandes calderas (92 and 75% respectively). Considerable intracaldera fill and the lack of preceding plinian deposits suggest that the caldera collapse was early and the eruptive column was not high and was short-lived. The physical properties of the ignimbrites, the limit of their areal distribution to regional topographic lows along with paleomagnetic characteristics support the idea of dense sluggish pyroclastic flows. New volume calculations using multiple methods update previous estimates, with the Chuhuilla now at approximately1300 km3 and the Pastos Grandes at 800 km3. The ignimbrite volumes and spatial pattern of vents suggest that the caldera complex mirrors the construction of a long-lived composite batholith that focused spatially with time. Eruptions from the PGCC have produced compositionally restricted, high-K dacites with volumetrically minor rhyolites. Combined with granodiorite xenoliths, each caldera cycle contains a progression of textural maturity from ignimbrite, through post- climactic lavas, to remnant pluton. The chemical signatures in the PGCC mirror those of the host Altiplano Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) and resemble typical arc characteristics (i.e. LIL enriched magmas - Ba/Nb of 4.7-4.8 and Ba/La of 1.6-2.0). However, overprinted on the arc signature are elevated radiogenic isotopes (87Sr/86Sr ~0.708 – 0.709), which suggest high degrees of crustal assimilation that is thought to be related to increased mantle input from melted asthenosphere. It is suggested here that a combination of assimilation and fractional crystallization from the regional mid-crustal parental source would create the magmas erupted in the PGCC. Subtle decreases in the 87Sr/86Sr from the Chuhuilla caldera cycle, to the younger Pastos Grandes cycle suggest higher amounts of crustal assimilation related to more heat flow during the peak of the flare up. Zircon chronochemistry reveals that the climactic, caldera-forming eruptions of the PGCC punctuate the protracted magma accumulation and storage periods. The combination of in-situ zircon U-Pb ages with indicators for geochemical evolution (e.g., Zr/Hf, Yb/Gd, Eu/Eu*, Th, U) magmatic temperatures (e.g., Ti) in zircon, reveals protracted magma presence before and after the climactic 2.89 ± 0.01 Ma Pastos Grandes Ignimbrite (PGI) supereruption (~800 km3 of magma) in southwest Bolivia. Zircons from PGI pumice and a lava dome define a pre-climactic magmatic stage of ~0.7 Myr duration prior to the climactic eruption and formation of the eponymous caldera. A further 0.4 Myr of post-climactic zircon crystallization is recorded in lava domes and cogenetic granodiorite clasts. Zircon crystallization is recorded for approximately 1.3 Myr for the Chuhuilla cycle; however the record is entirely pre-climactic. We propose a model for the Pastos Grandes cycle in which the climactic caldera-forming eruption vented the upper portions of the reservoir that were zircon saturated. Subsequently, deeper “remnant” dacite magma previously outside the zone of zircon saturation but crystallizing other major phases, rose to re-establish lithostatic equilibrium, commenced zircon crystallization anew, and drove resurgent volcanism and uplift. This ~1.1 Myr zircon crystallization history records the minimum duration of the lifetime of the PGI supereruption magma from its accumulation to post-climactic solidification. These data support >1 Myr magma lifetimes and a link between volcanic and plutonic realms in large sub-caldera magma reservoirs in the uppermost crust that feed some supereruptions. ©Copyright by Jason Frederick Kaiser June 4, 2014 All Rights Reserved Understanding Large Resurgent Calderas and Associated Magma Systems: The Pastos Grandes Caldera Complex, Southwest Bolivia by Jason Frederick Kaiser A DISSERTATION Submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Presented June 4, 2014 Commencement June 2014 Doctor of Philosophy dissertation of Jason Frederick Kaiser presented on June 4, 2014 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Geology Dean of the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my dissertation will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my dissertation to any reader upon request. Jason Frederick Kaiser, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS If there is one thing I have learned in my academic career, it is that science cannot move forward without a community of inclusive thinkers and teachers. I have been fortunate to have been allowed to work with such bright, motivating, and inspiring people. Only in working alongside such brilliant and passionate people was I able to discover my own passion and abilities in this world. There are many who have shaped my life; as many as humanly possible are mentioned here. First, I have to mention my parents. The most supportive, caring, and helpful people I could ever imagine having in my life. I know they would be proud of me no matter what I did with my life. It is this unfiltered love and support that has let me explore this world and make my own way. Thank you so much for introducing me to as much as possible and teaching me to think for myself. Maybe we didn’t explore much of the world first- hand when I was a kid, but you sure didn’t hide any of it from me. I cannot thank you enough for everything you have taught me. I have so many teachers to thank for inspiring me from an early age. The first that comes to mind is Walter Long. The most passionate and inspiring history teacher a junior high school could ever ask for. The most important lesson I learned from Mr. Long was that there was more to life than the Mississippi River Valley and that I needed to go see and experience as much of it as I could. I am well on my way Mr. Long – Thank you. Another amazing and inspiring teacher – Mark Pfieffer – made learning more fun than I could have ever thought. These teachers gave me a true passion for knowledge, I owe so much to them. My life forever changed the day I met John Hogan. My first geology instructor and constant mentor taught me how to me a scientist and have fun with it. I stayed in college solely because of John, and am at this stage in my life only because of John. Whether I am in the field, in the lab, or in front of the classroom, his words are echoing in my mind. I still look to John for words of wisdom and advice, thank you Captain Contact. My graduate career has been filled with ups and downs as anyone would expect. Sheila Seaman and Mike Williams were my first guides through this treacherous world. I cannot thank them enough for their kindness and generosity. My committee at Oregon State has been truly amazing. Anita Grunder and Andrew Meigs have given me critical instruction and guidance. Thank you for your brutal honesty and generous scientific insight along the way. I owe a special thanks to Axel Schmitt for being a surrogate advisor for a year. I will never be able to match his energy or attention to detail, but I learned more than I thought possible while trying my best to keep up. Thank you Dale and Stephanie for being with me every step of the way. I would not have survived without your help and support. Thanks for letting me crash your offices with ideas, questions, or just to vent frustration. And finally, the biggest thanks to Shan de Silva (aka Papa Bear). I have finally learned that there is always a method to your madness. Every interaction has been a learning opportunity and your incredibly high standards have pushed me far beyond what I thought I could be as a scientist. Thank you for your brutal honesty and unwavering motivation. I would not be the scientist or man I am today without you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 General Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Argument ...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Política De Industrialización De Litio, El Caso Boliviano Por Hortensia Jimenez Rivera*
    INFORME SOBRE POLÍTICAS o N 85 █ Octubre de 2020 Política de industrialización de litio, el caso boliviano Por Hortensia Jimenez Rivera* 1. Resumen El litio es un mineral de gran importancia en la industria tecnológica mundial, lo que lo convierte en un recurso estratégico para un país. Por ello, es responsabilidad del Estado asegurar que su explotación sea una oportunidad para el desarrollo y el bienestar, protegiendo los intereses de su población y maximizando sus beneficios de manera que la gestión de su riqueza no lleve a más pobreza y dependencia. Las políticas que se adopten para el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales pasan por definir el régimen de propiedad so- bre los recursos y el grado de industrialización en el país, lo que implica –de manera directa– ingresos y desarrollo, para luego resolver aspectos de orden tecnológico, financiero, institucional, legal y de mercado. Este informe describe la experiencia boliviana de la industrialización del litio, las características de su industrialización bajo una política de desarrollo nacional y revela cómo el tipo de política implementada es determinante para la explotación de un recurso natural. *** Lithium is a mineral element of high importance to the technology industry, a fact that makes it a strategic resource for countries. In view of that, it is the State’s responsibility to make sure that its exploitation becomes an opportunity for development and well-being, protecting the interests of the population and maximizing its benefits so that the management of this wealth may not lead to poverty and dependence. The adoption of policies on the use of natural resources comprises defining the property regime over the resources, the degree of industrialization in the country, which directly implies income and development, and then resolving technological, financial, institutional, legal, and marketing aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
    Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle .
    [Show full text]
  • Field Excursion Report 2010
    Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal Drilling, Resource Development and Power Plants”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 16-22, 2011. GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo S.A. de C.V. GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AMERICA: SHORT OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS IN BOLIVIA, CHILE, ECUADOR AND PERU Ingimar G. Haraldsson United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme Orkustofnun, Grensasvegi 9, 108 Reykjavik ICELAND [email protected] ABSTRACT South America holds vast stores of geothermal energy that are largely unexploited. These resources are largely the product of the convergence of the South American tectonic plate and the Nazca plate that has given rise to the Andes mountain chain, with its countless volcanoes. High-temperature geothermal resources in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru are mainly associated with the volcanically active regions, although low temperature resources are also found outside them. All of these countries have a history of geothermal exploration, which has been reinvigorated with recent changes in global energy prices and the increased emphasis on renewables to combat global warming. The paper gives an overview of their main regions of geothermal activity and the latest developments in the geothermal sector are reviewed. 1. INTRODUCTION South America has abundant geothermal energy resources. In 1999, the Geothermal Energy Association estimated the continent’s potential for electricity generation from geothermal resources to be in the range of 3,970-8,610 MW, based on available information and assuming the use of technology available at that time (Gawell et al., 1999). Subsequent studies have put the potential much higher, as a preliminary analysis of Chile alone assumes a generation potential of 16,000 MW for at least 50 years from geothermal fluids with temperatures exceeding 150°C, extracted from within a depth of 3,000 m (Lahsen et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites
    Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • n u m b e r 9 2 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press TaxonomicA Chronology Revision of of the MiddleChiliotrichum Missouri Group Plains Villagesensu stricto Sites (Compositae: Astereae) By Craig M. Johnson Joséwith Mauricio contributions Bonifacino by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions in History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Lpzsttz Et Al Final Ms.Pdf
    Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, Andean Plateau of Argentina Romina Lucrecia Lopez Steinmetz, Stefano Salvi, Carisa Sarchi, Carla Santamans, Lorena Cecilia Lopez Steinmetz To cite this version: Romina Lucrecia Lopez Steinmetz, Stefano Salvi, Carisa Sarchi, Carla Santamans, Lorena Cecilia Lopez Steinmetz. Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, Andean Plateau of Argentina. Economic Geology, Society of Economic Geologists, 2020, 115, pp.1079 - 1096. 10.5382/econgeo.4754. hal-02989895 HAL Id: hal-02989895 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02989895 Submitted on 5 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, 2 Andean Plateau of Argentina 3 4 Romina Lucrecia López Steinmetz 1 *, Stefano Salvi 2 , Carisa Sarchi 1 , Carla Santamans 1 , 5 Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz 3 6 7 1 CONICET (INECOA), Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. 8 Bolivia 1661, S.S. de Jujuy 4600, Argentina 9 2 Université de Toulouse, CNRS, GET, IRD, OMP, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, 10 France 11 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de 12 Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo s/n., 2do piso, Córdoba 5000, 13 Argentina 14 * corresponding author: [email protected] 15 16 Abstract 17 The Andean plateau is a small region of South America extending between northwest 18 Argentina, southwest Bolivia and northern Chile.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Large Pyroclastic Currents Inferred by the Internal Architecture of the Campanian Ignimbrite Claudio Scarpati*, Domenico Sparice & Annamaria Perrotta
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dynamics of large pyroclastic currents inferred by the internal architecture of the Campanian Ignimbrite Claudio Scarpati*, Domenico Sparice & Annamaria Perrotta Large ignimbrites are the product of devastating explosive eruptions that have repeatedly impacted climate and life on global scale. The assemblage of vertical and lateral lithofacies variations within an ignimbrite sheet, its internal architecture, may help to determine how the parental pyroclastic current evolves in time and space. The 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, vented from Campi Flegrei caldera, laid down a thick ignimbrite over an area of thousands of km2. A detailed reconstruction of the vertical and lateral variation of the seven lithofacies recognised in the ignimbrite medial sequence constrains the behaviour of this event. The pyroclastic current fowed over a wide area around Campi Flegrei without depositing (bypass zone), and inundated a huge area during most of the paroxysmal, waxing phase, emplacing a mainly incipiently- to strongly- welded ignimbrite. Following this waxing phase, the leading edge of the current retreated back towards the source as the current waned, impacting a progressively smaller area and leaving an unconsolidated ash and lapilli deposit, later lithifed. Our study illustrates how large pyroclastic currents can evolve in time and space and the importance of both internal (eruptive and transport mechanisms) and external (topography, surfcial water and rain) factors in governing their behaviour. Catastrophic pyroclastic currents impact huge regions and represent one of the most devastating natural phenomena1. Large pyroclastic currents emplace thick sequences of ash- and vesiculated juvenile-rich deposits (ignimbrite2,3). Large ignimbrites show changes in facies on a regional scale 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A. Supplementary Material to the Manuscript
    Appendix A. Supplementary material to the manuscript: The role of crustal and eruptive processes versus source variations in controlling the oxidation state of iron in Central Andean magmas 1. Continental crust beneath the CVZ Country Rock The basement beneath the sampled portion of the CVZ belongs to the Paleozoic Arequipa- Antofalla terrain – a high temperature metamorphic terrain with abundant granitoid intrusions that formed in response to Paleozoic subduction (Lucassen et al., 2000; Ramos et al., 1986). In Northern Chile and Northwestern Argentina this Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement is largely homogeneous and felsic in composition, consistent with the thick, weak, and felsic properties of the crust beneath the CVZ (Beck et al., 1996; Fig. A.1). Neodymium model ages of exposed Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement and sediments suggest a uniform Proterozoic protolith, itself derived from intrusions and sedimentary rock (Lucassen et al., 2001). AFC Model Parameters Pervasive assimilation of continental crust in the Central Andean ignimbrite magmas is well established (Hildreth and Moorbath, 1988; Klerkx et al., 1977; Fig. A.1) and has been verified by detailed analysis of radiogenic isotopes (e.g. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) on specific systems within the CVZ (Kay et al., 2011; Lindsay et al., 2001; Schmitt et al., 2001; Soler et al., 2007). Isotopic results indicate that the CVZ magmas are the result of mixing between a crustal endmember, mainly gneisses and plutonics that have a characteristic crustal signature of high 87Sr/86Sr and low 145Nd/144Nd, and the asthenospheric mantle (low 87Sr/86Sr and high 145Nd/144Nd; Fig. 2). In Figure 2, we model the amount of crustal assimilation required to produce the CVZ magmas that are targeted in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Text PDF (Final Published Version)
    Pritchard, M. E., de Silva, S. L., Michelfelder, G., Zandt, G., McNutt, S. R., Gottsmann, J., West, M. E., Blundy, J., Christensen, D. H., Finnegan, N. J., Minaya, E., Sparks, R. S. J., Sunagua, M., Unsworth, M. J., Alvizuri, C., Comeau, M. J., del Potro, R., Díaz, D., Diez, M., ... Ward, K. M. (2018). Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes. Geosphere, 14(3), 954-982. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1130/GES01578.1 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Geo Science World at https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: PLUTONS: Investigating the Relationship between Pluton Growth and Volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 3 M.E. Pritchard1,2, S.L. de Silva3, G. Michelfelder4, G. Zandt5, S.R. McNutt6, J. Gottsmann2, M.E. West7, J. Blundy2, D.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Geochemistry, U-Pb SHRIMP Zircon Dating and Hf Isotopes of The
    Andean Geology ISSN: 0718-7092 [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Chile Poma, Stella; Zappettini, Eduardo O.; Quenardelle, Sonia; Santos, João O.; Koukharsky, Magdalena; Belousova, Elena; McNaughton, Neil Geochemistry, U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating and Hf isotopes of the Gondwanan magmatism in NW Argentina: petrogenesis and geodynamic implications Andean Geology, vol. 41, núm. 2, mayo, 2014, pp. 267-292 Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173931252001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Andean Geology 41 (2): 267-292. May, 2014 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV41n2-a01 formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl Geochemistry, U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating and Hf isotopes of the Gondwanan magmatism in NW Argentina: petrogenesis and geodynamic implications Stella Poma1, Eduardo O. Zappettini 2, Sonia Quenardelle 1, João O. Santos 3, † Magdalena Koukharsky 1, Elena Belousova 4, Neil McNaughton 3 1 Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires (IGEBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Pabellón II-Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428 EGA, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), Avda. General Paz 5445, edificio 25, San Martín B1650WAB, Argentina. [email protected] 3 University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Descargar Resumen Ejecutivo
    Presentación Uno de los principales objetivos del Gobierno del Presidente Sebastián Quiero destacar y agradecer la activa participación que tuvieron tanto Piñera es la construcción de una sociedad de oportunidades, seguridades actores públicos como privados en la elaboración del presente plan, todos y valores, donde cada chilena y chileno pueda tener una vida feliz y plena. ellos con el único objetivo de fomentar las potencialidades de la región. El Ministerio de Obras Públicas contribuye a esta misión entregando Quiero especialmente agradecer a los ex ministros Hernán de Solminihac servicios de infraestructura y gestión del recurso hídrico, comprometidos y Laurence Golborne por el gran impulso que dieron a la materialización con la aspiración de ser el primer país de América Latina que logre de estos planes. La etapa siguiente requiere de los mayores esfuerzos de alcanzar el desarrollo antes que termine esta década. trabajo conjunto, coordinado, tras una visión de región y de desarrollo futuro, para materializar durante la próxima década la cartera de estudios, Para eso el Ministerio de Obras Públicas decidió establecer una carta de programas y proyectos que se detallan en este documento. navegación al año 2021, que se materializa en la elaboración de un Plan de Infraestructura y Gestión del Recurso Hídrico para cada una de las En esta oportunidad presento a los actores públicos y privados de la quince regiones de Chile, con la finalidad de orientar nuestras inversiones Región de Antofagasta, en la Macrozona Norte, el Plan de Infraestructura públicas en beneficio directo del desarrollo social, económico y cultural y Gestión del Recurso Hídrico al 2021 de la ciudadanía.
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected].: Tacora/Rev
    [email protected].: Tacora/rev: 18 de noviembre, 2009/24 de abril, 2011/19 de mayo, 2011/05 de mayo, 2013/10 de marzo, 2014/07 de mayo, 014/l28 de diciembre, 2015/26 de junio, 2016 [email protected].: Tacora/rev: 18 de noviembre, 2009/24 de abril, 2011/19 de mayo, 2011/05 de mayo, 2013/10 de marzo, 2014/07 de mayo, 014/l28 de diciembre, 2015/26 de junio, 2016 LA INDUSTRIA AZUFRERA, EL ANDARIVEL Y EL FERROCARRIL DE TACORA por: Ian Thomson N. ÍNDICE 1. Introducción y conclusiones. 2. Los inicios de la explotación del azufre en Chile. 3. La importancia crítica de los costos de transporte. 4. La explotación del azufre del Tacora y los orígenes del Ferrocarril. 5. El tráfico del Ferrocarril, el personal y la rentabilidad. 6. El trazado y la infraestructura del Ferrocarril. 7. El Ferrocarril de Tacora después de su cierre. 8. La red de andariveles. 9. El material rodante ferroviario. Recuadro 1: El de Aucanquilcha: otro ferrocarril azufrero en altura Recuadro 2: La Asociación para la Conservación de las ex-azufreras y del Ferrocarril de Tacora Referencias seleccionadas El autor es, por profesión, un economista dedicado a temas de transporte. Además, durante largos años, ha sido activo en las áreas de la conservación y del estudio de la historia de sistemas de transporte, especialmente los ferroviarios. Promovió, a principios de la década de 1980, la formación de la Asociación Chilena de Conservación del Patrimonio Ferroviario, sirviendo como su presidente durante unos diez años, con breves intervalos.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological, Radiological, and Biological Evidence Offer Insight Into Inca Child Sacrifice
    Archaeological, radiological, and biological evidence offer insight into Inca child sacrifice Andrew S. Wilsona,1, Emma L. Browna, Chiara Villab, Niels Lynnerupb, Andrew Healeyc, Maria Constanza Cerutid, Johan Reinharde, Carlos H. Previglianod,2, Facundo Arias Araozd, Josefina Gonzalez Diezd, and Timothy Taylora,3 aDepartment of Archaeological Sciences, and cCentre for Chemical and Structural Analysis, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; bLaboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; dInstitute of High Mountain Research, Catholic University of Salta, Salta A4400FYP, Argentina; and eNational Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036 Edited by Charles Stanish, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, and approved June 18, 2013 (received for review March 21, 2013) Examination of three frozen bodies, a 13-y-old girl and a girl and defining, element of a capacocha ritual. We also recognize that boy aged 4 to 5 y, separately entombed near the Andean summit the capacocha rite analyzed here was embedded within a multi- of Volcán Llullaillaco, Argentina, sheds new light on human sac- dimensional imperial ideology. rifice as a central part of the Imperial Inca capacocha rite, de- The frozen remains of the ∼13-y-old “Llullaillaco Maiden,” the scribed by chroniclers writing after the Spanish conquest. The 4- to 5-y-old “Llullaillaco Boy,” and the 4- to 5-y-old “Lightning high-resolution diachronic data presented here, obtained directly Girl” provide unusual and valuable analytical opportunities. Their from scalp hair, implies escalating coca and alcohol ingestion in the posture and placement within the shrine, surrounded by elite lead-up to death.
    [Show full text]