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Redalyc.Imposex En El Caracol Marino Stramonita Haemastoma REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria E-ISSN: 1695-7504 [email protected] Veterinaria Organización España Guabloche, Angélica; Mendoza, Jorge; Minaya, David; Ortega, José; Alvariño, Lorena; Iannacone, José Imposex en el caracol marino Stramonita haemastoma-Gasteropoda: Muricidae) en la costa central del Perú REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, vol. 18, núm. 5, mayo, 2017, pp. 1-12 Veterinaria Organización Málaga, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=63651419006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REDVET Rev. Electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet 2017 Volumen 18 Nº 5 - http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050517.html REDVET - Revista electrónica de Veterinaria - ISSN 1695-7504 Imposex en el caracol marino Stramonita haemastoma - Gasteropoda: Muricidae) en la costa central del Perú - Imposex in the marine snail Stramonita haemastoma - Gastropoda: Muricidae) on the central coast of Peru Guabloche, Angélica1: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1│Mendoza, Jorge1: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1│Minaya, David1: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1│Ortega, José1: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1│Alvariño Lorena: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1│Iannacone, José1,2,*: Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNNM), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú1: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP). Santiago de Surco, Lima, Perú2. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Resumen La masculinización de las hembras debido al imposex en gasterópodos ha sido registrada en más de 260 especies mundialmente. Estudios de campo, indican que la masculinización de las hembras ha sido atribuida principalmente al TBT. Es por este motivo, que se ha evaluado la incidencia de imposex en el caracol marino Stramonita haemastoma en la playa Naplo, Pucusana, Lima en la costa central del Perú. El porcentaje de imposex fue 78,03 %. El índice de la longitud relativa del pene (RPLI) fue igual a 25,64%. Una relación estadísticamente significativa fue encontrada entre la longitud de la conchilla y la longitud del pene en machos, pero no así en las hembras, lo cual nos indica que la longitud del pene depende de la exposición al TBT y no a la longitud de la conchilla. Se encontraron diferencias en la longitud del pene de las hembras según grados de VSDI (índice de secuencia del conducto deferente). Se encontraron valores de VSDI principalmente en los grados I y II (VSDI promedio de 1,84), lo que nos indica que las hembras con imposex se encuentran en los grados iniciales del fenómeno, y aun no ocurre falla reproductiva. Stramonita haemastoma es considerada como un buen bioindicador de contaminación por organoestañosos (OT) debido a que desarrolla imposex rápidamente por ser muy sensible a la presencia de estos xenobióticos en su medio. Imposex en el caracol marino Stramonita haemastoma (Gasteropoda: Muricidae) en la costa central 1 del Perú http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050517/051706.pdf REDVET Rev. Electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet 2017 Volumen 18 Nº 5 - http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050517.html Palabras clave: Imposex│masculinización de las hembras│Stramonita haemastoma│ Pucusana│TBT Abstract The masculinization of females due to imposex in gastropods has been registered in more than 260 species worldwide. Field studies indicate that the masculinization of females has been mainly attributed to TBT. It is for this reason that we have evaluated the incidence of imposex in the Stramonita haemastoma snail on the Naplo beach, Pucusana, Lima on the central coast of Peru. The percentage of imposex was 78.03%. The index of relative penile length (RPLI) was equal to 25.64%. A statistically significant relationship was found between the length of the shell and the length of the penis in males, but not in females, which indicates that the length of the penis depends on the exposure to TBT and not the length of the shell. Differences were found in the length of the penis of the females according to degrees of VSDI (sequence index of the vas deferens). VSDI values were found mainly in grades I and II (mean VSDI of 1.84), indicating that females with imposex are found in the initial stages of the phenomenon, and reproductive failure still does not occur. Stramonita haemastoma is considered a good bioindicator of organotin (OT) contamination because it develops imposex rapidly because it is very sensitive to the presence of these xenobiotics in its environment. Key words: Imposex│ masculinization of females │Stramonita haemastoma│ Pucusana│TBT Introducción Los compuestos órganoestañosos (OTs) son compuestos organometálicos hechos por el hombre ampliamente usados como biocidas, principalmente como pinturas antiincrustantes en los cascos de los barcos debido a sus eficaces propiedades antiincrustantes (IMO, 1999; Yebra et al., 2004; Mattos & Romero, 2016; Rossato et al., 2016). OTs como el tributilin (TBT) y trifeniltin (TPhT) actúan como biocidas de amplio espectro, evitando la bioincrustación - sedimentación y crecimiento no deseado de materiales biológicos sobre superficies sumergidas en agua - en cascos, boyas, plataformas y otros estructuras afines (Yebra et al., 2004; Zeidan & Boehs, 2015). La bioincrustación se ha descrito para más de 2000 especies marinas pertenecientes a diferentes grupos taxonómicos, incluyendo las diatomeas, algas verdes, esponjas, hidrozoos, crustáceos, moluscos, entre otros (Montseny et al., 2010; Carraro et al., 2012; Pati et al., 2015). Los OTs como el tributilin (TBT) y trifeniltin (TPhT), liberados desde los cascos en contacto con el agua de mar, son muy tóxicos para la biota marina (Champ, 2000; Primost et al., 2016); sus efectos perjudiciales sobre una amplia gama de organismos, desde las bacterias hasta los mamíferos, y desde el nivel molecular a nivel de la comunidad, han generado una considerable preocupación pública (Oberdörster & Cheek, 2000). Uno de los efectos más importantes y específicos del TBT es ser un disruptor endocrino (EDCsb) con actividad androgénica (Oehlmann et al., 2007), que, en organismos no objetivo como los gasterópodos, induce el fenómeno de imposex que se define como la imposición de las características sexuales masculinas (pene y conducto deferente) en hembras en la Imposex en el caracol marino Stramonita haemastoma (Gasteropoda: Muricidae) en la costa central 2 del Perú http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050517/051706.pdf REDVET Rev. Electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet 2017 Volumen 18 Nº 5 - http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050517.html misma especie (Castro et al., 2005; Costa et al., 2008; Quadros et al., 2009; Lahbiba et al., 2011; Toste et al., 2011). El imposex ha sido observado en varias áreas del mundo donde la contaminación por OTs está presente (Mathiessen & Gibbs, 1998), por lo cual ha sido utilizado durante mucho tiempo como indicador de la contaminación organoestañosa (OT) (Pessoa et al., 2001; Sousa et al., 2005); sin embargo, son escasos los registros de imposex que se han hecho en América Latina en los últimos 20 años (Gooding et al., 1999; Penchaszadeh et al., 2001; Fernández et al., 2002; Osorio et al., 2005; Gravel et al., 2006; Miloslavich et al., 2007; Teso & Penchaszadeh, 2009; Collado et al., 2010; Rodríguez, 2010; Castro & Fillman, 2012; Guabloche et al. 2013; Mattos & Romero, 2016), debido principalmente a la falta de recursos y personal capacitado para detectar este fenómeno. El neogastropodo Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) es un caracol marino muricido (Guzman et al. 1998), que vive entre las rocas, aún en sectores expuestos a la baja marea (Rilov et al., 2001; Santos & Boehs, 2011), aunque es más común desde la franja infralitoral hacia profundidades mayores (Ramírez et al., 2009), se encuentra asociada a Tegula atra (Lesson, 1830), cirripedios y a especies de ascidias Pyura chilensis Molina, 1782 (Guzman et al., 1998). Su distribución latitudinal es muy amplia, se le encuentra en aguas tropicales y templadas incluyendo el Mediterráneo (Rilov et al., 2000), el Oeste de África, Australia y Asia (Stewart et al., 1992; Tan, 1997; Bech, 2002) Uruguay y el Oeste Atlántico; y desde Isla Cedros en Baja California hasta Valparaíso en el Pacífico oriental (Guzman et al., 1998; Ríos, 1994), además se le encuentra en las agua frías de Korea y Japón (Horiguchi et al., 1994; Shim et al., 2000). El presente trabajo
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