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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Engineering Research, volume 192 EduARCHsia & Senvar 2019 International Conference (EduARCHsia 2019) Development of Urban Architecture the Time of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH in Madinah Period Nashrah Juhana Said Architecture Study Program Architecture Study Program Indonesian Muslim University Indonesian Muslim University Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Discussing Islam is inseparable from the study or examine contemporary problems faced by the figure of the Prophet Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam. His life Islamic Ummah, especially urban problems that can produce history is the main attraction because it contains everything reliable and realistic urban fiqh. related to aspects of life governed by Islam. No exception in Discussing Islam is inseparable from the figure of the terms of government and the construction of the city of Prophet Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam. His life history is Medina, as one of the stages of his prophetic history. This study aims to explore and examine the growth and the main attraction because it contains everything related to development of urban architecture at the time of the Prophet aspects of life governed by Islam. No exception in terms of Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam. The method used in this study is government and the construction of the city of Medina, as the historical research method by reviewing libraries combined one of the stages of his prophetic history. with time series methods. The historical research method is The city of Medina, commonly called the City of the used to study the life history of the Messenger of Allah mainly Prophet, is an expression of ideas in a strong religious spirit, related to the Development of the City of Medina while the with a physical order that is full of values, as well as Time series method is used to trace the growth and opening a space for social dynamics in the ukhuwah development of the architecture of the city of Medina. Islamiyah order. The construction process of Medina began The results of this study indicate that the growth and development of the city at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, with the migration of Muslims, a movement of change when over a period of ten years, experienced very rapid and rapid the Prophet and his followers faithfully moved from dynamics with growth and development that covered all Makkah to Madinah. In this flow of change, the Prophet aspects and dimensions of life, the development of the city in found prophetic values to strengthen the city buildings in his the Prophet's era was based on the fulfillment of means - place to create a life full of grace and virtue [4]. physical means to build the social aspects of the life of the The efforts of prophet in building a dignified city framed people of Madinah City which prioritize the aspect of worship in the spirit of revelation, which until now remains the which is the core of the life of Islamic society. magnet of humanity throughout the world, are still relevant to be imitated if we want to build and have a blessed house Keywords: the architecture of the city of Medina, city called the city. development Based on the description above, it is known that the success of urban development is closely related to Islamic I. INTRODUCTION law both physically and non-physically. This is unraveled in The city is a big house and the buildings in it are the history of the Prophet Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam in artifacts (historical objects) as a representative of cultural building the city of Medina. To find out more about how the values. The orientation of a city can be seen from the Prophet Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam planned and experience and history of the city. The way to find out the organized the city of Medina, the research on the history or origin of a city is to find the marker elements or development of urban architecture in his era became the marker attributes of the city. Cities do not only express basis of this research. certain geographical areas (places), but also a set of activities (work), and the dynamics of the population (folk) that keep moving. II. CITY PLANNING ACCORDING TO ISLAM Islam as a religion that is Rahmatan Lil Alamin (a Sharia has introduced the concept of Islamic city blessing for the universe), certainly has rules about urban planning in such away. If then there is a backwardness and problems. Urban problems such as floods, squatter chaos in the arrangement of cities in countries that are settlements, and slums, street vendors, congestion, etc. could predominantly Muslim, we should not blame Islamic law be overcome by applying Islamic Shari'a? and Islamic law, but what we need to develop, we arrange, In Islamic law, there is no one thing does not get and we educate our Muslim citizens who live in the city so attention, because the perfection of this Shari'a is that those who are not educated and irresponsibility changed comprehensive and covers all aspects of human life, both in his mental attitude to be educated and responsible in the village and in the city. For this reason, it is imperative to developing and caring for the city where they lived [4]. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 124 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 192 A very clear and striking difference between cities that Sallallaahu Alayhi Wa Sallam especially in the construction apply Islamic law and those who completely abandon of the city of Medina. Islamic law, for example making sculptures. Islamic law The second intellectual closeness in question is the forbids Muslims from making statues or statues, albeit due scientific closeness of the object to be studied by to aesthetic reasons or city landmarks. That is why the city researchers. In this case, researchers aim to find and uncover of Makkah and the City of Medina or the cities that apply the basics of the concept of urban planning and structuring Islamic law, we do not find any human and animal statues. approaches at the time of the Prophet. When we examine in the Qur'an and the hadith, then we will find the sunnah of the Prophet Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam B. Data Collection Techniques relating to the solution of urban problems, for example the Data collection is done by: Prophet decided and consider the area of the road at least 7 1. Heuristics, i.e. initial data collection with, i.e. data (seven) cubits, make a toilet/latrine behind the house, collection is carried out using the literature study cultivating land / idle land, building settlements, making method, i.e. gathering and extracting data from wells, building markets, mosques, ditches, and so on. This sourcebooks relating to the research topic. To obtain proves that the Prophet Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam was relevant data, it is also done by collecting data from the leader of the ummah who governed the lives of the various sources, namely conducting interviews with people both in Medina and Makkah. He is a city historical experts of the Prophet Muhammad. administrator [4]. 2. Criticism, namely analyzing the validity of the source by linking one another to the authenticity of the source. III. CITY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. Interpretation (Interpretation), namely interpreting the A city always experiences development from time to history and linking factual data to form a series. time. Development, in this case, concerns political, social, cultural, technological, economic and physical aspects. C. Data Analysis Techniques Particularly regarding aspects that are directly related to Data analysis techniques in this study were qualitative urban land use and rural land use are physical developments, descriptive and did not use samples, populations, and especially changes in their area. variables given that the material studied was written sourced The existence of the city can be viewed from a variety of from a literature study. The literature study is used as a dimensions, it is necessary to state the relation between the guide so that researchers can examine the facts in the field. various dimensions [7], that the "settlement morphology" In analyzing historical sources, researchers tested the truth and the "legal articulation" dimension are the two or validity of sources and materials from historical sources dimensions most directly related to the spatial expression of to then be grouped into writing the development of the city cities. The settlement morphology dimension highlights the at the time of the Prophet in the Medina period. existence of urban spaces in the forms rather than the In this stage, the description of the data collected will be characteristics or characteristics of cities. Some sources carried out on the development of the city in the time of the suggest that a review of the urban philosophy is emphasized Prophet in the Medina period. External criticism is assessing on the physical forms of the urban environment and this can from what material the book was made at this stage the be observed from the physical appearance of the city which, researcher examined both the material and also the publisher among others, is reflected in the existing road systems, and the person in charge of the source so that it could be whether or not residential buildings (trade/industry) as well trusted as a historical source. Internal criticism is an as individual buildings. evaluation of the authenticity of historical sources in the form of objects or written ones. This criticism is carried out IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY by carefully examining the contents of the source so that it A.
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