Kansainvälisen liikkuvuuden ja yhteistyön keskus Centret för internationell mobilitet och internationellt samarbete Centre for International Mobility
IRMA GARAM International mobility in Finnish higher education in 2015: exchange students
4B/2016 FACTS AND FIGURES -REPORT ISBN 978-951-805-711-9 (pdf) ISSN 1798-3630 10/2016 Centre for International Mobility CIMO International mobility in Finnish higher education in 2015: exchange students
1 Introduction 4 2 Development in the 2000s 5 3 By higher education institution 8 4 By field of study 15 5 Partner countries and regions 21 6 Mobility arrangements 27 7 Studying and traineeships 30 8 Finnish regions 31 9 Gender of students 33
Annex 1. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in Finnish universities in 2015 by continent and country 34
3 1 Introduction
International mobility in Finnish higher education in 2015: exchange students
This report is an overview of international mobility periods of higher education students in Finland in 2015: about its trends and priorities.
The overview is based on data collected by CIMO from Finnish higher education institutions, that is, universities and universities of applied sciences (UAS)1 that cover incoming and out- going exchanges - or mobility periods - of students. When students go on an exchange abroad, they complete only part of their degree there. The period abroad may include studies or a traineeship in a work place and it may be carried out through an exchange programme or be independently arranged and funded by students themselves.
Degree studies, that is, completing a whole degree abroad, is out of the scope of these statis- tics. CIMO reports about this type of international student mobility in Finland in its publica- tion Facts and figures -report 5B/2016: International mobility in Finnish higher education in 2015: degree students.
CIMO’s data covers all universities operating under the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. The data on international mobility is collected each calendar year. It includes two cat- egories: long mobility periods of a minimum of 3 months and short mobility periods of under 3 months. The short and long mobility periods are separated in this publication, too.
In addition to higher education mobility, CIMO also collects and publishes statistics on inter- national mobility in school, vocational and adult education.
You can find pdf versions of our publications about international mobility, covering different education sectors on CIMO’s website at www.cimo.fi | Services | Publications.
CIMO’s website also has a comprehensive collection of information about international mobil- ity at different education sectors at www.cimo.fi | Services | Statistics on internationalisation.
You can also find information about the international activities of universities on the Vipunen portal for education statistics, maintained by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture https://vipunen.fi.
1 Finnish higher education consists of two complementary sectors: universities and universities of applied sciences (UAS). Universities promote research and provide academic higher education based on research, whereas UAS’s provide professional or ‘vocational’ higher education. For clarity in this publication, we often refer to universities as ’traditional universities’ as opposed to Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS). When we just write ’universities’ in the text we mean both sectors or just the traditional universities when it is clear from the context that we are only referring to them.
4 2 Development in the 2000s
The volume of student mobility has increased during the 2000s, at least when we look at long mobility periods of a minimum of 3 months. Whereas there were just under 7,000 outgoing students from Finland at the beginning of the 2000s and just under 5,000 incoming ones, the corresponding figures in 2015 already top 10,000. The discrepancy between the incoming and outgoing numbers has also disappeared; now the numbers of outgoing and incoming students in Finland are more or less equal.
The outgoing long mobility periods spread relatively evenly between the two higher education sectors in Finland: the traditional universities and the universities of applied sciences (UAS). However, a clear majority of incoming students to Finland go to traditional universities rather than to UAS’s.
In addition to the long mobility periods, just under 5,000 students went out of Finland and just over 2,000 students came to Finland for a short mobility period of under 3 months. The num- ber of short mobility periods has decreased over the past few years. There are clearly more stu- dents sent out on short mobility periods from UAS’s than from traditional universities. There is no clear difference between the sectors in short incoming mobilities.
12000 10171 10123 1001410189 10139 9931 10000 9388 8610 8667 10474 8487 8232 9739 9936 8241 9172 9655 8755 8990 8000 7475 7434 7555 8191 8415 8843 6880 7237 7697 6000 6616 6032 5496 4805 4000
2000
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
from Finland to Finland
Picture 1. Long (over 3 months) mobility periods in higher education institutions 2000-2015
5 7000 6477
6000
5104 5000 5035 3962 4000 3202 3997
3000 2918
2000
1603 1000
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
from Finland, univ. from Finland, UAS to Finland, univ. to Finland, UAS
Picture 2. Long (over 3 months) mobility periods in higher education institutions 2000-2015, traditional universities and UAS’s separately
7000 6263 6000 5761 5748 5650
4949 5000 4820 4671 4638 4623 4354
4000
3539 3000 3064 2680 2481 2528 2000 2242 2285 1792 1533 1349 1000 1188 1295
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
from Finland to Finland
Picture 3. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods from Finland and to Finland 2005-2015
6 5000
4500
4000 3970
3500 3620
3000
2500
2000 1729
1500 1281
979 1200 1000 1004
500 513
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
from Finland, UAS. to Finland, UAS from Finland, univ. to Finland, univ.
Picture 4. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods 2010-2015, traditional universities and UAS’s separately
7 3 By higher education institution
Most of the student mobility takes place in the big universities in Southern and Western Fin- land. The University of Helsinki and the Aalto University have the biggest student mobility numbers among traditional universities, and the Helsinki Metropolia and the Haaga-Helia among UAS’s. When it comes to long mobility periods, traditional universities receive more incoming students than they send out their own students. Only the universities of Turku and Vaasa and the Hanken School of Economics sent out more students compared to incoming ones in 2015.
In contrast to traditional universities, the majority of UAS’s send out more students on long mobility periods than they receive. Only the UAS’s of Jyväskylä, Seinäjoki, Mikkeli and Kajaani receive more incoming students and they send out their own.
When it comes to short mobility periodsof under 3 months, the focus is clearly on outgoing students. Apart from Mikkeli, all UAS’s send out more students on short mobility periods than they receive. Among traditional universities, the universities of Jyväskylä, Turku, Lapland and Oulu also receive a large number of incoming students for short periods. This may be ex- plained by the summer schools of universities that attract many foreign students.
However, focusing only on the absolute numbers does not take into account the differences in the sizes of the universities: the larger ones also have more mobility. Pictures 9 and 10 examine outgoing, long mobility periods of a minimum of 3 months in relation to the enrolment num- bers of new students and completed degrees. This allows us to compare together universities with different student numbers.
It makes more sense to make the comparison within the university sector, however, rather than between the two university sectors. When we compare long mobility periods from Finland to the enrolment numbers of new students, traditional universities reveal themselves clearly more active in sending out students than UAS’s (traditional universities 24 %, UAS’s 15 %), whereas when we compare the mobility periods to the number of degrees, it is the UAS’s that are more active (20%) than universities (15%). This is explained by the fact that there are less new students in universities than those taking degrees; each new student will complete two de- grees in a university: the Bachelor’s and the Master’s degree. In contrast, more students start studying in UAS’s than complete their degree: some change their field of study or drop out.
8 818 University of Helsinki 1245
847 Aalto University 968
University of Turku 558 531
364 University of Oulu 555
University of Tampere 414 486
417 University of Jyväskylä 468
303 University of Eastern Finland 542
183 Tampere University of Technology 434
223 Lappeenranta University of Technology 252
179 Åbo Akademi University 280
255 University of Vaasa 203
Hanken School of Economics 259 153
116 University of Lapland 241
University of the Arts 99 119
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
from Finland to Finland
Picture 5. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in traditional universities
9 337 University of Helsinki 339
29 University of Jyväskylä 250
University of the Arts 237 40
Aalto University 213 48
University of Turku 114 140
University of Eastern Finland 92 26
24 University of Lapland 88
33 University of Oulu 51
University of Tampere 69 1
41 Hanken School of Economics 6
6 Lappeenranta University of Technology 11
Åbo Akademi University 3 2
Tampere University of Technology 2 2
University of Vaasa 0 0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
from Finland to Finland
Picture 6. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in traditional universities
10 548 Metropolia University of Applied Sciences 405
575 Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences 316
321 Turku University of Applied Sciences 321
350 Tampere University of Applied Sciences 274
264 Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences 352
244 Laurea University of Applied Sciences 231
227 Oulu University of Applied Sciences 228
256 Lahti University of Applied Sciences 175
239 Saimaa University of Applied Sciences 155
166 Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences 211
193 Savonia University of Applied Sciences 149
156 Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences 161
185 Lapland University of Applied Sciences 123
198 Satakunta University of Applied Sciences 92
170 Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences 113
178 Novia University of Applied Sciences 96
162 HAMK Häme University of Applied Sciences 102
142 Karelia University of Applied Sciences 92
99 Vaasa University of Applied Sciences 81
85 Kajaani University of Applied Sciences 93
92 Arcada University of Applied Sciences 71
126 Diaconia University of Applied Sciences 35
76 Centria University of Applied Sciences 72
52 HUMAK University of Applied Sciences 49
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 from Finland to Finland
Picture 7. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in UAS’s
11 Metropolia University of Applied Sciences 524 230
Tampere University of Applied Sciences 516 154
Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences 312 239
396 Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences 35
Lahti University of Applied Sciences 232 106
Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences 210 92
Savonia University of Applied Sciences 212 42
144 Laurea University of Applied Sciences 82
Novia University of Applied Sciences 181 30
142 Oulu University of Applied Sciences 16
64 Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences 89
125 Karelia University of Applied Sciences 27
102 HAMK Häme University of Applied Sciences 27
74 Saimaa University of Applied Sciences 41
75 Arcada University of Applied Sciences 29
78 Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences 8
63 Kajaani University of Applied Sciences 2
46 Turku University of Applied Sciences 16
51 Centria University of Applied Sciences 1
38 HUMAK University of Applied Sciences 4
13 Vaasa University of Applied Sciences 4
13 Lapland University of Applied Sciences 4
7 Satakunta University of Applied Sciences 2
2 Diaconia University of Applied Sciences 1
100 200 300 400 500 600 from Finland to Finland
Picture 8. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in UAS’s
12 Hanken School of Economics 57 % 48 %
Aalto University 40 % 22 %
University of the Arts 35 % 22 %
University of Vaasa 33 % 25 %
Lappeenranta University of Technology 25 % 22 %
University of Turku 24 % 15 %
University of Tampere 24 % 12 %
University of Helsinki 23 % 13 %
Åbo Akademi University 22 % 15 %
University of Oulu 21 % 12 %
University of Jyväskylä 19 % 14 %
University of Lapland 17 % 12 %
Tampere University of Technology 17 % 11 %
University of Eastern Finland 14 % 10 %
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
in relation to new students in relation to degrees
Picture 9. Long (min. 3 months) outgoing mobility periods of traditional universities in 2015 compared to number of new students and degrees
13 Saimaa University of Applied Sciences 31 % 34 %
Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences 23 % 30 %
Lahti University of Applied Sciences 21 % 24 %
Novia University of Applied Sciences 19 % 26 %
Diaconia University of Applied Sciences 18 % 17 %
Arcada University of Applied Sciences 17 % 20 %
Karelia University of Applied Sciences 16 % 19 %
15 % Kajaani University of Applied Sciences 25 %
15 % Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences 22 %
15 % Satakunta University of Applied Sciences 20 %
15 % Turku University of Applied Sciences 18 %
15 % Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences 18 %
15 % Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences 20 %
15 % Tampere University of Applied Sciences 19 %
14 % Metropolia University of Applied Sciences 19 %
13 % Lapland University of Applied Sciences 16 %
13 % Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences 17 %
13 % Oulu University of Applied Sciences 16 %
12 % Laurea University of Applied Sciences 14 %
12 % Vaasa University of Applied Sciences 17 %
12 % HUMAK University of Applied Sciences 17 %
11 % Savonia University of Applied Sciences 15 %
10 % in relation to new students HAMK Häme University of Applied Sciences 14 % in relation to degrees 10 % Centria University of Applied Sciences 13 %
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Picture 10. Long (min. 3 months) outgoing mobility periods of UAS’s in 2015 compared to number of new students and degrees
14 4 By field of study
Many students of economics and business in traditional universities go on long exchanges of a minimum of 3 months, and many foreign students come to study technology and engineering. Within the UAS sector, the biggest number of incoming and outgoing student flows take place in the business and administration sector.
A lot of students of economics and business, natural sciences and visual arts in traditional universities go on short exchanges abroad. The most common fields in short incoming stu- dent exchanges are natural sciences or unknown. The reason for the big number of unknowns may be that some foreign students attend the multi-sectoral summer schools that cannot be categorised under a single field of study. Natural sciences feature strongly when it comes to short outgoing and incoming mobility but are not particularly prominent in the mobility periods of over 3 months.
In the UAS’s, there is a more equal distribution of short mobility periods across different fields of study than when it comes to the long ones. Most short mobility periods are in the fields of business and administration, social and health care and technology.
Pictures 15 and 16 look at international mobility by comparing the mobility numbers by field of study to the number of new students and degrees completed in the field. This makes it pos- sible to compare study fields with different numbers of students. Economics and business, arts and law are the three most active fields in the traditional universities when it comes to sending students abroad. In the UAS’s the most active field in sending students is tourism, catering and domestic services.
15 Economics and business 1478 1257
Technology and engineering 793 1407
Humanities 715 680
Social sciences 596 782
Natural sciences 324 591
Education 276 432
Law 251 322
Agriculture and forestry 108 215
Art and design 128 159
Medicine 61 142
Psychology 47 118
Music 70 86
Pharmacy 36 100
Sport sciences 33 55
Health sciences 28 47
Dentistry 20 18
Fine arts 16 21
Theology 19 12
Theatre and dance 15 13
Veterinary medicine 12 14
Unknown 9 6
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 from Finland to Finland
Picture11. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in traditional universities by field of study
16 Unknown 8 345
Natural sciences 132 185
Humanities 112 106
Economics and business 155 20
Medicine 84 59
Fine arts 124 9
Social sciences 69 63
Technology and engineering 79 51
Law 77 32
Art and design 68 40
Theatre and dance 86 12
Education 59 6
Agriculture and forestry 44 8
Veterinary medicine 32 19
Music 32 19
Health sciences 14 7
Sport sciences 4 16
Dentistry 8 4
Theology 7 1
Pharmacy 2 2
Psychology 4 0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 from Finland to Finland
Picture 12. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in traditional universities by field of study
17 1741 Social sciences, business and administration 1626
1036 Technology, communication and transport 904
Social services, health and sport 938 645
Culture 508 367
Tourism, catering and domestic services 617 253
Natural sciences 90 96
Natural resources and environment 113 70
Humanities and education 61 36
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
from Finland to Finland
Picture 13. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in UAS’s by field of study
816 Social sciences, business and administration 408
Social services, health and sport 679 452
Technology, communication and transport 867 188
Culture 500 91
Tourism, catering and domestic services 482 45
Natural resources and environment 197 47
Humanities and education 37 35
Natural sciences 42 15
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
from Finland to Finland
Picture 14. Short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015 in UAS’s by field of study
18 Economics and business 45 % 31 %
Theatre and dance 41 % 14 %
Music 35 % 24 %
Law 35 % 21 %
Fine arts 32 % 25 %
Art and design 30 % 18 %
Social sciences 29 % 18 %
Humanities 29 % 17 %
Agriculture and forestry 26 % 18 %
Veterinary medicine 23 % 7 %
Technology and engineering 22 % 14 %
Sport sciences 21 % 14 %
Psychology 20 % 9 %
Dentistry 17 % 11 %
Education 13 % 7 %
Medicine 11 % 4 %
Pharmacy 10 % 8 %
Natural sciences 10 % 9 %
Theology 7 % in relation to new students 4 % in relation to degrees
Health sciences 6 % 4 %
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Picture 15. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in traditional universities in 2015 compared to number of new students and degrees by field of study
19 37 % Tourism, catering and domestic services 37 %
Culture 28 % 25 %
23 % Social sciences, business and administration 32 %
Natural resources and environment 14 % 17 %
Humanities and education 12 % 16 %
Technology, communication and transport 11 % 17 %
Social services, health and sport 9 % 11 %
Natural sciences 6 % 10 %
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
in relation to new students in relation to degrees
Picture 16. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in UAS’s in 2015 compared to number of new students and degrees by field of study
20 5 Partner countries and regions
The most popular target countries of long mobility periods of minimum of 3 months of Finn- ish higher education students are Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, whereas most of the incoming students come from Germany, France and Spain.
The target countries and countries of origin for the short mobility periods tend to be the same as in the long ones but there are differences, too. Apart from Germany, Finnish students also favour the neighbouring countries, Russia and Sweden, in their short exchange periods, whereas many incoming students come from the United States in addition to Germany.
The international mobility of higher education students is Europe-centred; two thirds of long, outgoing mobilities from Finland are to Europe and almost 80% of incoming mobility flows are from Europe. The distribution of international mobilities across the continents differs be- tween traditional universities and the universities of applied sciences. More university students favour North America, whereas more UAS students favour Africa. There are more incoming students to UAS’s from Europe than on average, and slightly more students coming from Asia and the Americas to traditional universities.
Although Europe is still clearly the most popular continent for both the incoming and out- going students, its role has reduced somewhat over the years. At the same time, the popular- ity of Asia has grown. In 2005, 10% of outgoing students went to Asian countries; in 2015, the corresponding figure was already 17%. In 2005, 6% of incoming students to Finland came from Asia, whereas in 2015 the figure was already 14%.
21 Germany 592 495
Spain 451 261
United Kingdom 355 267
Netherlands 330 259
France 166 301
Sweden 139 323
United States 150 299
Austria 147 184
China 116 212
Russia 194 128
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 UAS univ.
Picture 17. The top 10 target countries for long (min. 3 months) mobility periods
22 Germany 711 1113
France 534 834
Spain 288 462
Netherlands 304 219
China 162 355
Italy 132 384
Russia 219 230
Czech republic 187 259
Austria 161 214
Belgium 181 169
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 UAS univ.
Picture 18. The top 10 countries of origin for long (min. 3 months) mobility periods
23 From Finland Univ. UAS Total
Germany 112 503 615 Russia 45 492 537 Sweden 44 390 434 Italy 129 146 275 UK 67 175 242 Spain 45 162 207 Estonia 17 170 187 Belgium 16 119 135 France 36 99 135 United States 90 42 132
Table 1. The top 10 target countries for short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015
To Finland Univ. UAS Total
Unknown 278 0 278 Germany 66 178 244 United States 56 115 171 Netherlands 7 127 134 Russia 41 91 132 UK 26 84 110 Spain 24 78 102 Japan 56 37 93 Austria 19 58 77 Belgium 10 63 73 France 35 38 73
Table 2. The top 10 countries of origin for short (under 3 months) mobility periods in 2015
24 From Finland
Asia 17 %
Africa 4 %
Europe 67 %
Latin America and Caribbean 3 %
North America 7 %
Oceania 2 %
Picture 19. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods from Finland in 2015 by continent
To Finland
Asia 14 %
Africa 2 %
Europe 79 %
Latin America and Caribbean 2 %
North America 2 %
Oceania 0
Picture 20. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods to Finland in 2015 by continent
25 2015 67 17 7 4 3 2
2010 64 18 8 5 4 2
2005 73 10 7 3 3 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % Europe Asia North America Africa Latin America and Caribbean Oceania
Picture 21. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods from Finland in 2005, 2010 and 2015 by continent
2015 79 14 2 2
2010 84 10 3 2
2005 88 6 3 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % Europe Asia North America Africa Latin America and Caribbean Oceania
Picture 22. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods to Finland in 2005, 2010 and 2015 by continent
26 6 Mobility arrangements
The Erasmus+ programme of the European Union is the single most important tool for inter- national mobility of higher education students. More than 50% of outgoing Finnish students going on long exchanges use the programme and over two thirds of the incoming ones. The Erasmus+ accounts for a bigger part of student mobilities in the UAS’s than in traditional uni- versities.
The own agreements of universities make up another significant channel for outgoing and incoming students in Finland. Just over 10% of Finnish students are so-called free movers, that is, they organise their exchanges themselves. The Nordic Nordplus Programme funds 4% of outgoing mobility periods from Finland. The traditional universities use this programme clearly more than the UAS’s. The role of the programme is small when it comes to incoming students. Just over 3% of incoming and outgoing students benefit from CIMO’s grants.
The role of the Erasmus+ Programme in outgoing mobilities from Finland has increased over the past six years. However, its role in incoming flows has become somewhat smaller.
27 Trad. universities UAS Total
Number % Number % Number %
Erasmus + 2467 49,0 3032 59,4 5499 54,2 Nordplus 364 7,2 49 1,0 413 4,1 Own agreements of universities 1233 24,5 994 19,5 2227 22,0 CIMO´s programmes and scholarships (incl. traineeships) 219 4,3 113 2,2 332 3,3 Free movers (studying and traineeships) 369 7,3 808 15,8 1177 11,6 Others 383 7,6 108 2,1 491 4,8 Total 5035 100,0 5104 100,0 10139 100,0
Table 3. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods from Finland in 2015 by programme
Trad. universities UAS Total
Number % Number % Number %
Erasmus + 4319 66,7 3084 77,2 7403 70,7 Nordplus 113 1,7 1 0,0 114 1,1 Own agreements of universities 1214 18,7 751 18,8 1965 18,8 CIMO´s programmes and scholarships (incl. traineeships) 222 3,4 121 3,0 343 3,3 Free movers (studying and traineeships) 318 4,9 19 0,5 337 3,2 Others 291 4,5 21 0,5 312 3,0 Total 6477 100,0 3997 100,0 10474 100,0
Table 4. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods to Finland in 2015 by programme
28 2015 54 22 12 4 3 5
2013 53 20 13 5 4 5
2011 51 21 13 5 3 7
2009 48 22 14 5 4 8
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
Erasmus + Own agreements of universities Free movers (studying and traineeships) Nordplus CIMO´s programmes and scholarships Other
Picture 23. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods from Finland by programme 2009-2015
2015 71 19 3 3 3
2013 71 18 4 3 3
2011 73 16 4 3 3
2009 74 14 4 3 4
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
Erasmus + Own agreements of universities Free movers (studying and traineeships) Nordplus CIMO´s programmes and scholarships Other
Picture 24. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods to Finland by programme 2009-2015
29 7 Studying and traineeships
The vast majority of outgoing students go abroad to study in a higher education institution. There is a clear difference between traditional universities and UAS’s in this respect, however: over 30% of the long UAS mobility periods of over 3 months are traineeships abroad, whereas in traditional universities the figure is only about 10%. The volume of traineeships in compari- son to the total volume of higher education mobility has remained constant over the last few years.
UAS 62 38
from Finland univ. 86 14
UAS 93 7
to Finland univ. 98 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
studying traineeships
Picture 25. The relative volume of studies and traineeships in long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in 2015, %
30 8 Finnish regions
There are regional differences in the international mobility of students in Finland. The uni- versities of Southern Finland have the highest numbers of long mobility periods they are also more active in international student mobility than universities in other regions when the num- ber of mobility periods is compared to the number of new students or degrees. The universi- ties in Eastern Finland are the least active.
univ. 2246 2737 Finland Southern UAS 2464 1652
univ. 2006 2402 Finland Western UAS 1652 1499
univ. 303 542 Finland Eastern UAS 491 402
480 univ. 796
497 Finland
Northern UAS 444
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
from Finland to Finland
Picture 26. Long mobilities in Finnish regions in 2015
31 Southern Finland 21 % 20 %
Western Finland 18 % 16 %
Northern Finland 16 % 14 %
13 % Eastern Finland 13 %
5 10 15 20 25
in relation to new students in relation to degrees
Picture 27. Long mobility periods from Finland compared to the number of new students and degrees in Finnish regions in 2015, %
32 9 Gender of students
Women dominate the outgoing mobility flows with over 60% of outgoing students from Finn- ish universities being women. As only 54% of higher education students in Finland are women, they are clearly over-represented among outgoing students. Regardless of the relative number of women in any field of study, there are more outgoing women in all of them compared to the total number of students in that field. The distribution of mobilities between women and men has remained much the same for many years already. The gender distribution among incom- ing students is more balanced.
univ. 39 61
from Finland UAS 34 66
univ. 42 58
to Finland UAS 43 57
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
men women
Picture 28. Mobility periods in traditional universities and UAS’s by gender, %
33 Annex 1. Long (min. 3 months) mobility periods in Finnish universities in 2015 by continent and country
From Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL To Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL
Total 5104 5035 10139 Total 3997 6477 10474 Asia 893 869 1762 Asia 474 968 1442 United Arab Emirates 9 4 13 Armenia 0 1 1 Azerbaijan 1 0 1 Georgia 0 7 7 Bangladesh 8 1 9 Hong Kong 13 40 53 Philippines 6 4 10 Indonesia 0 5 5 Georgia 0 2 2 India 0 27 27 Hong Kong 21 38 59 Iran 0 5 5 Indonesia 69 45 114 Israel 1 4 5 India 18 15 33 Japan 49 119 168 Iraq 1 0 1 China 162 355 517 Iran 2 1 3 Kyrgyzstan 0 2 2 Israel 3 10 13 Republic of Korea 141 129 270 Japan 87 156 243 Cyprus 1 2 3 Jordan 0 5 5 Laos 0 4 4 Cambodia 2 0 2 Lebanon 3 0 3 Kazakhstan 2 1 3 Macao 0 2 2 China 116 212 328 Malaysia 5 3 8 Republic of Korea 134 122 256 Nepal 2 7 9 Cyprus 24 3 27 Pakistan 0 4 4 Laos 0 1 1 Singapore 5 106 111 Lebanon 0 1 1 Sri Lanka 0 1 1 Malaysia 33 32 65 Taiwan 24 44 68 Myanmar 1 0 1 Thailand 14 12 26 Nepal 69 0 69 Turkey 44 85 129 Pakistan 1 1 2 Vietnam 10 4 14 Palestinian Auto- nomous Areas 0 4 4 Qatar 1 0 1 Saudi Arabia 0 1 1 Singapore 21 104 125 Sri Lanka 1 2 3 Taiwan 6 32 38 Thailand 143 41 184 Turkey 30 27 57 Vietnam 84 4 88 From Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL To Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL
Africa 284 79 363 Africa 77 102 179 Benin 1 3 4 Botswana 3 3 6 Botswana 1 0 1 Egypt 0 2 2 Djibouti 0 1 1 South Africa 8 18 26 Egypt 4 0 4 Ethiopia 2 6 8 South Africa 10 22 32 Ghana 3 3 6 Ethiopia 14 3 17 Cameroon 0 1 1 Gambia 6 4 10 Kenya 16 13 29 Ghana 10 3 13 Madagascar 0 1 1 Cameroon 3 1 4 Malawi 2 0 2 Kenya 41 2 43 Morocco 0 2 2 Madagascar 8 0 8 Mauritius 0 1 1 Malawi 3 1 4 Mozambique 4 3 7 Morocco 2 3 5 Namibia 10 9 19 Mauritius 2 0 2 Nigeria 0 4 4 Mozambique 3 6 9 Rwanda 0 2 2 Namibia 35 11 46 Zambia 6 4 10 Nigeria 9 1 10 Sudan 0 1 1 Rwanda 1 0 1 Tanzania 19 15 34 Zambia 26 3 29 Uganda 4 13 17 Swaziland 34 0 34 Zimbabwe 0 1 1 Tanzania 57 9 66 Uganda 6 5 11 Zimbabwe 8 1 9
35 From Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL To Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL
Europe 3463 3332 6795 Europe 3363 4956 8319 Netherlands 330 259 589 Netherlands 304 219 523 Albania 1 0 1 Albania 0 2 2 Belgium 120 117 237 Belgium 181 169 350 Bosnia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0 1 Herzegovina 0 1 1 UK 355 267 622 UK 113 117 230 Bulgaria 15 2 17 Bulgaria 7 3 10 Spain 451 261 712 Spain 288 462 750 Gibraltar 1 0 1 Ireland 28 30 58 Ireland 103 45 148 Iceland 1 6 7 Iceland 29 56 85 Italy 132 384 516 Italy 74 135 209 Austria 161 214 375 Austria 147 184 331 Greece 47 45 92 Greece 40 24 64 Croatia 3 12 15 Croatia 19 12 31 Latvia 11 47 58 Latvia 9 4 13 Liechtenstein 0 3 3 Liechtenstein 0 4 4 Lithuania 60 60 120 Lithuania 25 12 37 Luxembourg 2 4 6 Luxembourg 1 6 7 Malta 8 1 9 Malta 25 9 34 Norway 8 41 49 Montenegro 1 0 1 Portugal 68 87 155 Norway 60 90 150 Poland 81 143 224 Portugal 88 74 162 France 534 834 1368 Poland 35 32 67 Romania 16 13 29 France 166 301 467 Sweden 11 67 78 Romania 7 0 7 Germany 711 1113 1824 Sweden 139 323 462 Serbia 0 7 7 Germany 592 495 1087 Slovakia 33 79 112 Serbia 1 4 5 Slovenia 15 33 48 Slovakia 15 14 29 Finland 0 2 2 Slovenia 37 25 62 Switzerland 49 61 110 Finland 1 0 1 Denmark 11 41 52 Switzerland 38 112 150 Czech Republic 187 259 446 Denmark 90 128 218 Ukraine 1 10 11 Czech Republic 97 120 217 Hungary 53 97 150 Ukraine 5 1 6 Belarus 5 6 11 Hungary 99 52 151 Russia 219 230 449 Belarus 2 3 5 Estonia 15 54 69 Russia 194 128 322 Estonia 50 33 83 From Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL To Finland UAS UNIV. TOTAL
Latin America Latin America and and the Caribbean 127 185 312 the Caribbean 48 184 232 Argentina 10 23 33 Argentina 0 4 4 Barbados 7 4 11 Brazil 14 55 69 Bolivia 0 1 1 Chile 2 32 34 Brazil 22 37 59 Costa Rica 0 5 5 Chile 30 47 77 Guatemala 0 1 1 Costa Rica 1 3 4 Colombia 0 6 6 Dominica 3 0 3 Mexico 30 65 95 Ecuador 4 0 4 Nicaragua 0 1 1 Greenland 0 1 1 Peru 2 14 16 Guatemala 1 1 2 Puerto Rico 0 1 1 Colombia 2 4 6 Mexico 37 40 77 Nicaragua 1 1 2 Panama 3 2 5 Paraguay 0 1 1 Peru 4 17 21 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 0 1 Uruguay 1 3 4
North North America 260 446 706 America 33 220 253 Canada 110 147 257 Canada 25 85 110 United States 150 299 449 United States 8 135 143
Oceania 56 124 180 Oceania 2 47 49 Australia 42 111 153 Australia 1 43 44 New Zealand 14 13 27 New Zealand 1 4 5
Unknown 21 0 21
37