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Lodi Garden-A Historical Detour
Aditya Singh Rathod Subject: Soicial Science] [I.F. 5.761] Vol. 8, Issue: 6, June: 2020 International Journal of Research in Humanities & Soc. Sciences ISSN:(P) 2347-5404 ISSN:(O)2320 771X Lodi Garden-A Historical Detour ADITYA SINGH RATHOD Department of History University of Delhi, Delhi Lodi Garden, as a closed complex comprises of several architectural accomplishments such as tombs of Muhammad Shah and Sikandar Lodi, Bara Gumbad, Shish Gumbad (which is actually tomb of Bahlul Lodi), Athpula and many nameless mosque, however my field work primarily focuses upon the monuments constructed during the Lodi period. This term paper attempts to situate these monuments in the context of their socio-economic and political scenario through assistance of Waqiat-i-Mushtaqui and tries to traverse beyond the debate of sovereignty, which they have been confined within all these years. Village of Khairpur was the location of some of the tombs, mosques and other structures associated with the Lodi period, however in 1936; villagers were deported out of this space to lay the foundation of a closed campus named as Lady Willingdon Park, in the commemoration of erstwhile viceroy’s wife; later which was redesigned by eminent architect, J A Stein and was renamed as Lodi Garden in 1968. Its proximity to the Dargah of Shaykh Nizamuddin Auliya delineated Sufi jurisdiction over this space however, in due course of time it came under the Shia influence as Aliganj located nearby to it, houses monuments subscribing to this sect, such as Gateway of Old Karbala and Imambara; even the tomb of a powerful Shia Mughal governor i.e. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. -
The Place of Performance in a Landscape of Conquest: Raja Mansingh's Akhārā in Gwalior
South Asian History and Culture ISSN: 1947-2498 (Print) 1947-2501 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsac20 The place of performance in a landscape of conquest: Raja Mansingh’s akhārā in Gwalior Saarthak Singh To cite this article: Saarthak Singh (2020): The place of performance in a landscape of conquest: Raja Mansingh’s akhārā in Gwalior, South Asian History and Culture, DOI: 10.1080/19472498.2020.1719756 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2020.1719756 Published online: 30 Jan 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 21 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsac20 SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE https://doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2020.1719756 The place of performance in a landscape of conquest: Raja Mansingh’s akhārā in Gwalior Saarthak Singh Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT KEYWORDS In the forested countryside of Gwalior lie the vestiges of a little-known akhārā; landscape; amphitheatre (akhārā) attributed to Raja Mansingh Tomar (r. 1488–1518). performance; performativity; A bastioned rampart encloses the once-vibrant dance arena: a circular stage dhrupad; rāsalīlā in the centre, surrounded by orchestral platforms and an elevated viewing gallery. This purpose-built performance space is a unique monumentalized instance of widely-prevalent courtly gatherings, featuring interpretive dance accompanied by music. What makes it most intriguing is the archi- tectural play between inside|outside, between the performance stage and the wilderness landscape. -
Download Gwalior Fort
Gwalior Fort Gwalior Fort, Gwalior Gwalior Fort was built in 8th century and it consists of many palaces, temples, and other structures. The fort was built on a steep sandstone. Many rulers of different periods captured the fort and has seen many battles including the battles related to independence from the British. This tutorial will let you know about the history of the fort along with the structures present inside. You will also get the information about the best time to visit it along with how to reach the fort. Audience This tutorial is designed for the people who would like to know about the history of Gwalior Fort along with the interiors and design of the fort. This fort is visited by many people from India and abroad. Prerequisites This is a brief tutorial designed only for informational purpose. There are no prerequisites as such. All that you should have is a keen interest to explore new places and experience their charm. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2017 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. -
Inde Moghole De Jahangir'
H-Asia Minault on Lefèvre, 'Pouvoir impérial et élites dans l'Inde moghole de Jahangir' Review published on Thursday, April 30, 2020 Corinne Lefèvre. Pouvoir impérial et élites dans l'Inde moghole de Jahangir. Asie - Pacifique Series. Paris: Les Indes Savantes, 2017. 506 pp. EUR 35 (paper),ISBN 978-2-84654-474-0. Reviewed by Gail Minault (University of Texas at Austin)Published on H-Asia (April, 2020) Commissioned by Sumit Guha (The University of Texas at Austin) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53562 Corinne Lefèvre’s detailed study of the reign of the Mughal emperor Jahangir is a historiographic tour de force. Her meticulously documented and carefully argued work also debunks the stereotypical description of Jahangir as an incompetent king (roi fainéant), who was not only addicted to opium but also under the thumb of his empress, Nur Jahan, and her family, a lineage of clever Iranis who rivaled the power of the Mughal dynasty itself. Lefèvre marshals evidence from an impressive bibliography that serves as a useful guide to the field, including most recent scholarship. Lefèvre’s work is organized around different groups of sources, beginning with a prologue examining the best-known European sources that helped generate the stereotypical image of Jahangir. Portuguese Jesuits were disappointed in their hopes of converting him to Christianity. Sir Thomas Roe, the English ambassador, attributed his own inability to secure a commercial treaty to the incapacity of the monarch. The Dutch merchants Francisco Pelsaert and Joannes de Laet observed the Mughal court late in Jahangir’s reign, when conflict between potential heirs was at its height, adding to the image of the emperor as under the influence of his queen and her relatives. -
LODI GARDEN and the GOLF CLUB © the British Library Board
LODI GARDEN AND THE GOLF CLUB © The British Library Board. [Photo 1003/(896)] Lodi Garden, located on Lodi Road between Safdurjung’s Tomb and called Lady Willingdon Park, after the wife of the then British Viceroy. Khan Market in south Delhi, covers an area of 90 acres and is dotted Post-Independence, it was more appropriately renamed Lodi Garden with beautiful monuments and tombs. Buzzing with joggers and and was redesigned in 1968 by J.A. Stein, an eminent architect, who walkers throughout the year,the area is a haven for picnickers and for was also involved with many other buildings around the Lodi Garden those looking for a sunny patch to warm themselves in winters and a complex. The oldest structure in the Lodi Garden complex is a turret(an cool retreat, in summers, especially in the early hours of mornings and Archaeological Survey of India [ASI] protected structure) that appears in the evenings. With its undulating walking paths and jogging tracks to have been part of a walled enclosure (not evident any more) which fringed with ancient trees, colourful shrubs, and flowering plants, the historians believe to have belonged to the Tughlaq period (AD 1320– garden’s historical past is another evidence of how the city’s 1413). Nothing else is known about the other structures here that present encompasses within it a rich past. were also built at this time. Lodi Garden, as we see it today, in its avatar as a landscaped park, Most of the tombs and mosques go back to the time of the Sayyid was designed in 1936 as a setting for the group of 500-year old and Lodi rulers of Delhi when the area was called Bagh i-Jud, in the buildings belonging to the Sayyid, Lodi, and Mughal dynasties. -
GIPE-000481-Contents.Pdf
Dbananjayarao Gadgil Library . I9U~ mumnu~ 1111111111 ~1I11 . GIPE-PUNE-000481 VOL. XX. M A 1' : 0 F E AS T ERN RAJ PUT ANA. (.' oNB,rno] Aligal'h o:Z;aswari, \ , R \ '-'--, '-", ,//) 1> , /v/ B H A R I \ \ .J A y p u R oAm.ba R 1~b~'~'~'~'~;~'~'~'~'~6--------~16~-------'2610'-------~30~';--------i40~------~~o}[[es A. Cunllln ~ha.rn, d el. Lit~o&raphed o..t the Survey of India OffiC ClS. Ca~{.'U t. t a , Fe hr-uary ' ~I3 .,r, . ~t'h1tDIDgicd ~ntbtl1 of Inbi4. REPORT OF A TOUR IN~ EASTERN RAJPUTANA '- IN '.~ 'II • BY MA'JOR-GENERAL A; CUNNINGHAM, C.S.I., C.I.E., 'ROYAL BN~lit~~RS [BBNGAL RETIRED], DIJtBCtOIl GBNERAL OF THZ .AIlCHAtOLOGICAL SURVBY OF IN)I'" VOLUME XX • • II Wbat I. aimed at Ia an accurate description, IIIqstrated b,. plan.. measnrements, drawing., or photographs. and 1>1 cop! .. of Inoaiptlans, alauc:h remalna as moat deserve notice, with the history of them ao far as It may be traceable. IUId a JecOnI of the traditioDl tbat .... p....... ed regarding them."-LoRD CAN~INO. " What the learned world demand al DI In India i. to be quite certain of our data, to place the monument.1 record before them aactl,. as it n ..... existo. aad to iaterpret it faithful),. and literally."-JA .... PaIN.... CALCUTTA: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA. ~88S· • PREFACE. DURING the cold season of 1882.83 I expIore.d a great part of Eastern Rajputana, including portions of the states of Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli j Dholpur, and Gwalior and the adjoining British districts of Delhi, Gurgaon, and Mathura. -
The Delhi Sultans
3 THE DELHI SULTANS n Chapter 2 we saw that regions like the Kaveri delta I became the centre of large kingdoms. Did you notice that there was no mention of a kingdom with Delhi as its capital? That was because Delhi became an important city only in the twelfth century. Take a look at Table 1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Map 1 Chauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. Selected Sultanate It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi cities of Delhi, thirteenth-fourteenth became an important commercial centre. Many rich centuries. Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a wide circulation. The transformation of Delhi into a capital that controlled vast areas of the subcontinent started with the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century. Take a look at Table 1 again and identify the five dynasties that together made the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultans built many cities in the area that we now - know as Delhi. Look at Map 1 and locate Dehli-i Kuhna, Siri - and Jahanpanah. OUR PASTS – II 30 2021-22 The rulers of Delhi Table 1 RAJPUT DYNASTIES Tomaras Early twelfth century-1165 Ananga Pala 1130-1145 Chauhans 1165-1192 Prithviraj Chauhan 1175-1192 EARLY TURKISH RULERS 1206-1290 Qutbuddin Aybak 1206-1210 Shamsuddin Iltutmish 1210-1236 Raziyya 1236-1240 Ghiyasuddin Balban 1266-1287 Iltutmish’s tomb KHALJI DYNASTY 1290-1320 Jalaluddin -
Islamic Jihad: a Legacy of Forced Conversion, Imperialism, and Slavery
This is an Amended Edition Amendment Notes: 1. In 155, the quote, ‘However pure Mr. Gandhi’s character may be, he must appear to me, from the point of view of my religion, inferior to any Mussalman, even though he be without character… Yes, according to my religion and creed, I do hold an adulterous and a fallen Mussalman to be better than Mahatma Gandhi’, belonging to a diff erent Muhammad Ali, was wrongly attributed to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and has been removed. 2. Eighty other minor typos and errors have been amended. Islamic Jihad A Legacy of Forced Conversion‚ Imperialism‚ and Slavery M. A. Khan iUniverse, Inc. New York Bloomington Copyright © 2009 by M. A. Khan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them. iUniverse books may be ordered through booksellers or by contacting: iUniverse 1663 Liberty Drive Bloomington, IN 47403 www.iuniverse.com 1-800-Authors (1-800-288-4677) Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any Web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them. -
The History of Jihad: from Muhammad to ISIS
ADVANCE PRAISE FOR THE HISTORY OF JIHAD “Robert Spencer is one of my heroes. He has once again produced an invaluable and much-needed book. Want to read the truth about Islam? Read this book. It depicts the terrible fate of the hundreds of millions of men, women and children who, from the seventh century until today, were massacred or enslaved by Islam. It is a fate that awaits us all if we are not vigilant.” —Geert Wilders, member of Parliament in the Netherlands and leader of the Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV) “From the first Arab-Islamic empire of the mid-seventh century to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the story of Islam has been the story of the rise and fall of universal empires and, no less importantly, of never quiescent imperialist dreams. In this tour de force, Robert Spencer narrates the transformation of the concept of jihad, ‘exertion in the path of Allah,’ from a rallying cry for the prophet Muhammad’s followers into a supreme religious duty and the primary vehicle for the expansion of Islam throughout the ages. A must-read for anyone seeking to understand the roots of the Manichean struggle between East and West and the nature of the threat confronted by the West today.” —Efraim Karsh, author of Islamic Imperialism: A History “Spencer argues, in brief, ‘There has always been, with virtually no interruption, jihad.’ Painstakingly, he documents in this important study how aggressive war on behalf of Islam has, for fourteen centuries and still now, befouled Muslim life. He hopes his study will awaken potential victims of jihad, but will they—will we—listen to his warning? Much hangs in the balance.” —Daniel Pipes, president, Middle East forum and author of Slave Soldiers and Islam: The Genesis of a Military System “Robert Spencer, one of our foremost analysts of Islamic jihad, has now written a historical survey of the doctrine and practice of Islamic sanctified violence. -
(Hyderabad) Civilsprep.Com
MEDIEVAL INDIA PREVIOUS YEAR www.laex.in 9141 21 29 29 / 9121 44 29 29 (Bangalore) Civilsprep.com 9052 29 29 29 / 9052 49 29 29 (Hyderabad) Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions www.laexias.com https://elearn.laex.in m Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions 1. Feudalism 01 - 01 2. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 AD(tripartite struggle) 01 - 02 3. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 AD(ruler of South India) 02 - 04 4. Delhi Sultanate 04 - 08 5. Regional Kingdom 08 - 10 6. Vijayanagar Kingdom 10- 13 7. Bahmani Kingdom 13 - 14 8. Bhakti and Sufi movement 14 - 19 9. Mughal Empire 21 - 27 10. Maratha Empire 27 - 28 11. Miscellaneous topics 28 - 31 www.laexias.com https://elearn.laex.in m Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions Medieval History Previous Year Questions 1. Feudalism 5) The fragmentation of political authority. 1. With reference to Indian history, Educational objective: to know about which of the following are the impact feudalism. essential clement/elements of the feudal system? 2. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 1) A very strong centralized political AD (tripartite struggle) authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority 1. Who among the following laid 2) Emergence of administrative foundation of Rashtrakuta structure based on control and Empire? possession of land a) Amoghavarsha I 3) Creation of lord-vassal relationship b) Dantidurga between the feudal lord and his c) Dhruva overlord d) Krishna I Select the correct answer using the code given below. 2. Consider the following statements: a) l and 2 only 1) The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern b) 2 and 3 only India were antagonistic towards c) 3 only Buddhism. -
Lodi Dynasty Who Was the Founder of Lodi Dynasty?
Lodi Dynasty Who was the founder of Lodi Dynasty? Bahlul Lodi (also Bahlol Lodi) was the founder of the Lodi dynasty in India. He served as the Sultan of Delhi between 1451 and 1489. He was a brave soldier and an energetic ruler. Achievements: Soon after his accession to the throne, Bahlul Lodi tried to restore somewhat of the faded splendor of Delhi. • First of all he established peace and order in the areas surrounding Delhi and brought under his control those fief-holders and chieftains who had enjoyed varying degree of autonomy for the last so many years. • Then he waged a continuous war against the Sharqi rulers of Jaunpur, who had become a great danger to the Lodi Empire. He conquered that territory and put it under the charge of his son Barbak Shah. • This success greatly strengthened the position of Bahlul Lodhi. Then several expeditions were sent against the chiefs of Mewat, Kalpi, Sambhal, Koil, Dholpur and Rewari and they offered their submission. • Character: Bahlul Lodhi was a pious and generous ruler who led his life strictly according to the Islamic law. He hated pomp and show and sat with his chiefs on the carpet. Though himself not so learned yet he liked the company of the learned and extended his patronage to them. He was a great lover of justice and took personal interest in redressing the grievances of his subjects. He was very kind to the poor and often distributed huge amounts among them. • Death: Bahlol Lodhi died on 12th of July in 1489 and was succeeded by his son Sikandar Lodhi.