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A HISTORY of CORNISH WRESTLING Volume 2 of 2

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A HISTORY of CORNISH WRESTLING Volume 2 of 2 PERSISTENCE OF DIFFERENCE: A HISTORY OF CORNISH WRESTLING Volume 2 of 2 (Appendices) Submitted by Michael Tripp, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in, May 2009 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. _____________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Appendix 1: The Structural Properties of Folk-Games and Modern Sport ...................... 1 Appendix 2: Feasts, Fairs and Major Holidays in Cornwall ............................................. 3 Appendix 3: Cornish wrestling prizes as reported in the press ....................................... 14 Appendix 4: Cornish wrestling tournaments and known holidays ................................. 45 Appendix 5: Venues where Cornish wrestling tournaments were held between 1801 and 1849 ................................................................................................................................. 47 Appendix 6: Venues where Cornish wrestling was held between 1753 and 1939 ......... 49 Appendix 7: Tom Gundry‟s Wrestling Record, as reported in The West Briton ............ 81 Appendix 8: Cornish wrestlers reported in The West Briton between 1835 and 1904 ... 83 Appendix 9: 1841 Census ............................................................................................. 123 Appendix 10: Cornish wrestling prize winners as reported in The Royal Cornwall Gazette and The West Briton ......................................................................................... 127 Appendix 11: A New Song on the Wrestling Match Between Cann and Polkinghorne ....................................................................................................................................... 176 Appendix 12: 1851 Census ........................................................................................... 179 Appendix 13: 1861 Census ........................................................................................... 185 Appendix 14: 1871 Census ........................................................................................... 191 Appendix 15: 1881 Census ........................................................................................... 197 Appendix 16: 1891 Census ........................................................................................... 199 Appendix 17: 1901 Census ........................................................................................... 202 Appendix 18: Residences of Cornish wrestling prize winners, 1850-1939 .................. 204 Appendix 19: Days of the week when Cornish wrestling matches took place ............. 211 Appendix 20: Places where Cornish wrestling tournaments were held between 1850 and 1939 ............................................................................................................................... 225 Appendix 21: Inter-Celtic Tournaments 1928-1980 ..................................................... 229 Appendix 1: The Structural Properties of Folk-Games and Modern Sport1 Folk-Games Modern Sports 1. Diffuse, informal organization implicit Highly specific, formal organization, in the local social structure institutionally differentiated at the local, regional, national and international levels 2. Simple and unwritten customary rules, Formal and elaborate written rules, legitimated by tradition worked out pragmatically and legitimated by rational-bureaucratic means 3. Fluctuating game-pattern; tendency to Change institutionalised through rational- change through long-term and, from the bureaucratic channels viewpoint of the participants imperceptible „drift‟ 4. Regional variation of rules, size and National and international standardization shape of balls, etc. of rules, size and shape of balls, etc. 5. No fixed limits on territory, duration or Played on a spatially limited pitch with numbers of participants clearly defined boundaries, within fixed time-limits, and with a fixed number of participants, equalized between the contending sides 6. Strong influence of natural and social Minimization, principally by means of differences on the game-pattern formal rules, of the influence of natural and social differences on the game- pattern; norms of equality and „fairness‟ 7. Low role differentiation (division of High role differentiation (division of labour) among the players labour) among the players 8. Loose distinction between playing and Strict distinction between playing and „spectating‟ roles „spectating‟ roles 9. Low structural differentiation; several High structural differentiation; „game-elements‟ rolled into one specialization around kicking, carrying and throwing, the use of sticks, etc. 10. Informal social control by the players Formal social control by officials who themselves within the context of the stand, as it were, „outside‟ the game and ongoing game who are appointed and certificated by central legislative bodies and empowered, when a breach of the rules occurs, to stop play and impose penalties graded according to the seriousness of the offence 11. High level of socially tolerated Low level of socially tolerated physical physical violence; emotional spontaneity; violence; high emotional control; high low restraint restraint 12. Generation in a relatively open and Generation in a more controlled and spontaneous form of pleasurable „battle- „sublimated‟ form of pleasurable „battle- excitement‟ excitement‟ 13. Emphasis on physical force as Emphasis on skill as opposed to physical 1 opposed to skill force 14. Strong communal pressure to Individually chosen as a recreation; participate; individual identity individual identity of greater importance subordinate to group identity; test of relative to group identity; test of identity identity in general in relation to a specific skill or set of skills 15. Locally meaningful contests only; National and international superimposed relative equality of playing skills among on local contests; emergence of elite sides; no chances of national reputation players and teams; chance to establish or money payment national and international reputations; tendency to „monetization‟ of sports 1 Dunning, E. and Sheard, K., Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players: A sociological study of the development of rugby football, Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1979 2 Appendix 2: Feasts, Fairs and Major Holidays in Cornwall Date Feast Fair Major Holidays January 3 Mylor 5 Ladock (on Sun after 1st Thurs) 6 12th day of Christmas 7 Plough Monday (1st Mon after 12th day of Christmas) 13 St Hilary Marazion (on nearest Sun) 16 Wendron 17 St Athony in Meneage St Anthony in Roseland 22 Ludgvan (on Sun next to 22nd Jan) 24 St Paul‟s Eve or „Paul Pitcher Day‟ 25 Bodmin 28 Redruth (on Sun before 1st Feb) St Agnes (1 week after 21st Jan) February 2 Crowan (on nearest Sun to Eve of Looe Candlemas Fair Candlemas (or Feast of the Purification Purification of BV Mary) St Blazey of the BV Mary) Feock St Breward (if 2nd Feb is a Sun, if not, on Sun week) St Uny, (on nearest Sun to Eve of Purification of BV Mary) 3 St Blazey Shrove Tues (earliest date possible) St Ives 4 Ash Weds (earliest date possible) 3 „Jack-„o-Lent‟ 13 East Looe 20 Virginstow March 5 Perranuthnoe St Piran‟s Day St Keverne 7 Camborne First „Fri in Lide‟ (old name for March) 8 Sennen 9 Constantine (on nearest Sun) Shrove Tues (latest possible date) 12 Constantine „mock mayor‟ (Weds after feast) 15 Polperro (holiday for apprentices on Palm Sun) 20 Good Fri (earliest possible date) 22 Easter Sun (earliest possible date) 23 Gwinear St Day Easter Mon (earliest possible date) 25 Truro Lady Day Quarter Day April 2 St Ive (on 1st Thurs in April) 5 Probus 7 „Hocktide‟ (2nd Mon or Tues after Easter) 13 St Buryan (on nearest Sun) St Buryan „mock mayor‟ 19 Lostwithiel Lostwithiel „mock mayor‟ 23 Lanivet (nearest Sun to last Sun in Good Fri (latest possible date) April) Lanivet „mock mayor‟ 25 Towednack „Crowder or Cuckoo Easter Sun (latest possible date) Feast‟ (if day is Sun, if not, on 4 following Sun) 26 Rogationtide (earliest possible date) St Allen (on Rogation Sun) Bounds‟ Beating Easter Mon (latest possible date) 27 St Enoder (on Sun nearest to last Thurs in Apr) 28 Gunwalloe (on last Sun in April) Newlyn East (on last Sun in April) 30 Ascension Day (earliest possible date) Traditional bounds‟ beating day May 1 May Day feasts May Day fairs Padstow „Obby „Oss Day (if a Sun then held on the Mon) Looe Garland Day 2 Colan (on 1st Sun in May after a clear Thurs) St Gluvias (on 1st Sun in May) 3 St Germoe (on Sun after 1st Sat in May) 4 Lanlivery (on Sun after 1st Tues in May) 5 Bodmin Garland Ox Fair (on Tues & Weds before Whit Sun) 6 West Looe 7 Falmouth 8 Helston Furry Day (if a Sun or Mon, held on preceding Sat) 9 Port Isaac 10 St Gennys (held on Whit Sun) Whit Sun (earliest possible date) 5 11 Helston Whit Mon (earliest possible date) Lanreath Whitsun Church Ales Redruth (on Whit Mon) Liskeard „Riding‟ Truro Whitsun Fair 12 Pillaton (on Whit Tues) Camborne (on Whit Tues) 13 Zennor (on nearest Sun) 16 Crantock (on nearest Sun) 17 Trinity Sun (earliest possible date) 18 Mylor Bounds‟ Beating 19 Stratton 20 St Tudy 21 Penzance Corpus Christi Fair (on 1st free Thurs after Trinity Sun) 28 St Germans 29 Stokeclimsland
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