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New Early Eocene Mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, Southern California

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New Early Eocene Mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, Southern California ' • • .'nyri-s G-.uti'v u. v*,^! Paleoritoi. •jff JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, V. 60, NO. 4, p. 851-864, 3 FIGS., JULY 1986 NEW EARLY EOCENE MOLLUSKS FROM THE OROCOPIA MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RICHARD L. SQUIRES AND DAVID M. ADVOCATE Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge 91330 and Exxon Company USA, Thousand Oaks, California 91359-5025 ABSTRACT—Five new species of mollusks are described from the early Eocene Maniobra Formation, northeastern Orocopia Mountains, southern California. The new species are from the basal part of the formation, and the fauna is indicative of the West Coast provincial molluscan early Eocene "Capay Stage." The mollusks are shallow-marine forms that were transported a short distance into slope/upper submarine-canyon deposits. Chedevillia saltonensis n. sp. and Eocypraeal maniobraensis n. sp. resemble Eocene species from Paris Basin, France. Phalium (Semicassis) louella n. sp. is the earliest North American species of Semicassis. Volutilithes orocopiaensis n. sp. is the earliest North American species of this genus and resembles V. muricinus from Paris Basin. Glossus (Meiocardia) susukii n. sp. is the earliest reported species of Meiocardia on the West Coast of North and South America. Galeodea gallica, a species previously only known from lower Eocene strata in the Anglo-Paris Basin, is tentatively identified from the Maniobra Formation. Campanilopa dilloni, previously only known from south-central California, is present in the formation. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations are given for these two species. The Maniobra species described have a close relationship to species characteristic of the Eurasian Tethyan paleobiogeographic province. The age of the Maniobra mollusks permits greater resolution of the timing of the westward migration of the Eurasian species, indicating that much of it occurred during early Eocene and/or late Paleocene time. INTRODUCTION vertebrate provincial "Capay Stage" of early THE new mollusks reported in this study were Eocene age. Their assignment was based on collected from the early Eocene Maniobra the presence of Clavilithes cf. C. tabulatus, Formation, northeastern Orocopia Moun- Galeodea cf. G. sutterensis, Chedevillia cf. C. tains, Riverside County, California (Figure stewarti, and on benthic foraminifers. Clavi- 1). This formation was discovered in 1955 lithes tabulatus recently has been shown by (Crowell and Susuki, 1959) and dated as being Squires (1983, 1984) to occur in both the of early and middle Eocene age. This dating "Capay Stage" (restricted sense of Givens, can now be refined and the Maniobra is early 1974) and the overlying "Domengine Stage." early Eocene through late early Eocene in age. Galeodea cf. G. sutterensis and Chedevillia cf. It is the only known marine Eocene exposure C. stewarti are reidentified in this present pa- south of the Tehachapi Mountains and east per as Galeodea cf. gallica and Chedevillia of the San Andreas fault in southern Cali- saltonensis n. sp., respectively. A "Capay" fornia. age for CSUN locality 662, nevertheless, is The Maniobra Formation has a maximum still maintained. It is based, in part, on the thickness of 1,460 m and consists of silici- presence of the bivalve Odontogryphaea? clastics that locally contain some macro- haleyi, which is confined to the "Capay Stage" fossils and microfossils. These deposits rep- (Givens, 1974). Foraminifera indicative of resent a transitional marginal marine to P7 to P9 Zones and calcareous nannofossils deep-water submarine-fan sequence depos- indicative of CP9 to CP11 Zones also have ited in subtropical waters (Advocate, 1983). been found 58 m upsection from CSUN lo- Most of the new mollusks are from Cali- cality 662 (Advocate, 1983). These zones are fornia State University, Northridge (CSUN) of earliest Eocene through late early Eocene locality 662 (Figure 1), which is 57 m above age (Berggren et al., in press) and correspond the base of the formation. This locality is the mostly to the restricted "Capay Stage" (Saul, same as University of California, Los Angeles 1983). In addition, about 740 m upsection locality 3779, which Crowell and Susuki from CSUN locality 662, there is an occur- (1959) assigned to the West Coast macroin- rence of Turritella meganosensis protumes- Copyright © 1986, The Paleontological Society 851 0022-3360/86/0060-0851 $03.00 852 RICHARD L. SQUIRES AND DA VID M. ADVOCATE environment because of the presence of bathyal foraminifers (Advocate, 1983). The shallow-marine macrofossils retain delicate spiral ribbing and must have been trans- ported in a medium in which abrasion was minimal. Odontogryphaeal haleyi specimens are common, but all are disarticulated left valves. Small specimens of Glyptoactis mcmasteri are mostly articulated, as are fairly common small specimens of the brachiopods Eogryphus cf. E. tolmani ynezensis and Kin- gena simiensis. Locality 662 contains the most diverse fau- na of any locality in the Maniobra Forma- tion. Macrofauna present, including four new species of mollusks, comprises 21 gastro- pods, six bivalves, two brachiopods, and one species each of scaphopod, calcareous an- FIGURE 1— Index map to California State Uni- nelid tube, discocyclinid, and spatangoid. In versity, Northridge (CSUN) collecting localities, addition, there are terrestrial plant fragments. Maniobra Formation, northeastern Orocopia A new species of cassid gastropod is from Mountains, southern California. CSUN locality 665, a lateral equivalent of the fossil-bearing bed at CSUN locality 662. cens at CSUN locality 671. This taxon is con- A specimen of Velates perversus, a gastropod fined to the "Capay Stage" and is especially that is indicative of the Eurasian Tethyan diagnostic of the uppermost "Capay Stage" paleobiogeographic province (Vokes, 1935; (Saul, 1983; Squires, 1984). Clark and Vokes, 1936; Palmer, 1967), was Upsection from CSUN locality 671, the also found at this locality. Maniobra Formation contains species that At locality 668, about 200 m above the have been reported (Givens, 1974; Givens base of the formation and within the "Capay and Kennedy, 1979; Saul, 1983; Kappeler et Stage" portion of the Maniobra, are sparse al., 1984; Squires, 1984) elsewhere on the macrofossils in sandy conglomerate beds in- West Coast as confined to the "Domengine terpreted to have formed in the upper part Stage"; namely, Lyriscapha lajollaensis, Tur- (landward) of a submarine-canyon channel ritella uvasana applinae, Turritella andersoni complex (Advocate, 1983). A large, incom- lawsoni, Lyria andersoni, and Venericardia plete specimen of the cerithiid gastropod (Pacificor) hornii calafia. Based on calcareous Campanilopa dilloni Hanna and Hertlein oc- nannofossils and mollusks in the Llajas For- curred as a conglomerate clast and had ob- mation, Simi Valley, southern California, Saul viously undergone postmortem transport al- (1983) and Squires (1984) reported the "Do- though the amount of abrasion was not great. mengine Stage" to be of late early through The species described in this report, as well early middle Eocene age. With the exception as the Maniobra specimen of Velates perver- of T. u. applinae, all the above-listed taxa sus, help to further document Clark and which are indicative of the "Domengine Vokes' (1936) conclusion that an important Stage" in the Maniobra Formation are con- trans-Atlantic migration route existed be- fined to the early Eocene portion of the "Do- tween western Europe and western North mengine Stage" of the Llajas Formation; America during the Eocene. According to namely, the shallow-marine (transgressive) Zinsmeister (1983), the first indication of this facies (Squires, 1984). Based on this, it is con- influx of large numbers of mollusks was in cluded that the upper portion of the Manio- the late Paleocene and continued into the ear- bra Formation is of late early Eocene age. ly Eocene. Squires (1984) showed that this At CSUN locality 662, the macrofossils are influx of mollusks into western North Amer- in a few discontinuous, thin sandy mudstone ica continued into early middle Eocene time. beds interpreted to have formed in a slope Letter abbreviations used for catalog and NEW EOCENE MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA 853 locality numbers are: CAS = California of western Iran, except that C. dilloni has Academy of Sciences; CSUN = California fewer nodes and a much more projecting ca- State University, Northridge; LACMIP = Los rina. Campanile mprgani is more strongly Angeles County Museum, Invertebrate Pa- sculptured than Campanile symbolicum Ire- leontology Section; UCLA = University of dale, the type species of Campanile {fide Ire- California, Los Angeles; and UCMP = Uni- dale, 1917), and may belong to Campanilopa. versity of California Museum of Paleontol- Douville (1904) reported his new species C. ogy (Berkeley). morgani to be from Maastrichtian strata. Da- vies (1975, p. 84), however, referred these SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY strata to the Danian, but considered the Dan- ian to be Cretaceous. More stratigraphic work Phylum MOLLUSCA Cuvier, 1797 is needed. Class GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1797 Discussion.— As noted by Wrigley (1940) Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA Milne Edwards, 1848 and discussed by Iredale (1917) and Hanna and Hertlein (1949), there has been consid- Order MESOGASTROPODA Thiele, 1925 erable confusion regarding whether or not Superfamily CERITHIACEA Fleming, 1822 Cerithium giganteum Lamarck, 1804, should be the type species of Campanile. According Family CERITHIIDAE Fleming, 1828 to Iredale (1917),
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