Efiziešiem 4: “Esiet Krietni Cits Pret Citu.” Ziemas Vidus Ir Gada Vissniegainākais Laiks

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Efiziešiem 4: “Esiet Krietni Cits Pret Citu.” Ziemas Vidus Ir Gada Vissniegainākais Laiks 2015.g. marts 65. gads Nr.2 51. psalms: “Šķīstī mani, lai es topu baltāks par sniegu!” Efiziešiem 4: “Esiet krietni cits pret citu.” Ziemas vidus ir gada vissniegainākais laiks. Un šo lūgšanas petīciju atteicās ietilpināt laulību programā. gadu tas atkal tā ir bijis. Ir bijuši sniegi un sniegu Amerikāņu mācītājs rakstīja: “It may be idiomatic, but draudi. Vismaz mēs Ņujorkas apkārtnē esam laimīgi, I just don't get it. I don't understand ‘white days’.” ka lielākie draudi neīstenojas. Bet uz ziemeļiem un Man nesen bija izmaiņa ar manu vienīgo tuvo austrumiem rekorda sniegi ir bijuši un būs. melno draugu par baltuma nozīmes izpratni kā melno Uz dienas dziesmu lapiņas esmu ievietojis foto- saimē, tā baltiešu saimē. Pats nemēdzu iesaistīties grāfiju, kas rāda kā Latvijas lauki izskatās, kad tie Facebook debatēs, bet ar interesi sekoju kā mans sniega baltuma apņemti. Pirms ziemas National draugs šķendējās uz savas mājas lapas par “baltuma” Geogrphic šo Lielvārdes apkārtnes fotogrāfiju ie- saistīnu ar “labo” un “melnums” ar ļaunumu. Viņš vietoja mājas lapā kā pirmo, kas rāda ziemas secināja, ka melnajiem šī associācija ir nākusi par skaistumu dabas pasaulē. Reizēm zaļā, reizēm pelēcīgā sliktu. Savam draugam piekritu, kā šī ir nevēlam pasaule ir pilnīgi pārklāta ar šķīstu, dzidro baltumu. saistība, bet kontrastā vēlējos dalīties ar to kā Mēs latvieši jubilejās un lielās svinībām mēdzam “baltums” skan mums baltiešiem. jubilāriem novēlēt “daudz baltu dieniņu”. Varētu – pa Ziemeļu eiropas laukos taču nebija tieša pieredze jokam - teikt, ka šādā laikā šis novēlējums ir piepil- ar citām rasēm. Žīdi un čigāni bija vienīgi citādādākie dījies ar uzviju. Bet, kad mēs dziedot novēlam jubilār- ārpusnieki ar ko bija regulāri kontakti. Un kaut gan iem “daudz baltu dieniņu” – dzīvojot, strādājot, mīlējot “melnie” ir tagad kļuvis par nesenu ētnisku apzīmē- – mums parasti nav sniega prātā. (Kaut gan, ja jubilārs jumu, tas Latvijā neattiecas uz tiem, kam seņči nākuši ir liels slēpjotājs, tad sniegotas kalnu nogāzes varētu no Afrikas, bet uz čečeņiem. Draugam paskaidroju, ka arī rādīties apsveicēju iztēlē.) “daudz baltu dieniņu” nav kontrastā ar “melnām” bet Novēlējums “daudz baltu dieniņu” nenozīmē, ka ar “nebaltām” dienām. Nebaltas dienas ir tās, kur ceram uz lieliem sniegiem. Bet ko baltums novēlējumā nelaime ir piemeklējusi. Baltās dienas ir tās, kad var īsti nozīmē? (Un jautājums par baltuma nozīmē nav noģērbt netīrās darba drēbes. Baltās dienās tīrās baltās tikai par šo novēlējumu, jo mēs kā latvieši taču esmu drānās svinām laimi, ko piedzīvojam kopā ar ģimeni, baltu tauta uz Baltījas jūras krastiem.) Latviešiem ir draugiem un kaimiņiem. skaidrs, ka vārds “balts” ir saistīts ar labumu, šķīstību, Dalījos ar citām baltiešu baltuma izpratnes niances laimi, klusumu, svētību. Bet tieši tādēļ, ka mums šis ar latviešu tautas dziesmas palīdzību: “Mana balta jēdziens ir tik skaidrs, mums varbūt grūti iedomāties, māmuliņa mani balti audzināja.” Burtiskis anglisks ka citiem “baltums” neuzbur to pašu kā mums. tulkojums tautas dziesmas rindai būtu: “My little white Pirms pāris gadiem piedzīvoju spilgtu piemēru, mother raised me white.” Tādā versijā it kā piepildītos kas man to pierādīja. Biju aicināts piedalīties kādās visas mana melnā drauga nelabākās aizdomas par kāzās, kur līgava piederēja amerikāņu luterāņu “baltumu” kā rasiska pārrākumua saukli. Bet tas būtu draudzē, bet līgavainis mūsu draudzē. Amerikāņu pilnīgs pārpratums. mācītājam bija galvenie pienākumi vadot kāzas. Starp “Baltums” te pirmām kārtām pat nav krāsa. citu man uzticēja piedalīties lūgšanas litānijā ar kādu Baltums ir ētisks un garīgs apzīmējums. Baltums petīciju, ko es teiktu latviski un angliski. Iepriekš tautas dziesmas rindā “Mana balta māmuliņa mani iesniedzu savu petīcīju jaunlaulātam pārim novēlējot balti audzināja,” ir par attiecību raksturojumu. “daudz baltu dieniņu” - “many white days”. “Baltums” ir ētiksa un garīga šķīstība, kas nozīmē, ka Amerikāņū mācītājs apmulsa. Mēģināju viņam izteikt savu līdzcilvēku neizmanotjam savām savtīgām kā izpratu “baltuma” niances un nozīmi, bet viņš kā iekārēm, bet nesavtīgi tiecamies “mīlēt savu tuvāko kā nesaprata, tā nesaprata. Viņš manu “many white days” sevi pašu”. Tādēļ draugam proponēju tulkojumu, kas 2 2015. g. marts 65. gads Nr.2 vismaz aptuveni norāda uz šīm baltuma niancēm: “My atjauno manī pastāvīgu garu!” Ārpasaulē sniegi nāk un kind mother raised me to be kind.” atkal aiziet. Pasaule, kas vienu vakaru, vai vienu Apustulis Pāvils izsaka Jēzus mācības ētisko nedēļu ir aptērpta ar dzidru baltumu drīz vien atkal kodolu Efiziešu vēstules kulminācijā: “Esiet krietni rādās tik pat piedraņķota kā vienmēr. Paši vēlamies un cits pret citu” - angliskā tulkojumā: “kind one to citiem novēlam “daudz baltu dieņu”, bet mēs another”. Pāvils savu novelējumu Efiziešiem turipina: meklējam Dieva vadību un svētību, kas mūs pavadīs “Būdami Dieva mīļotie bērni, dariet tāpat kā viņš un dienās “baltās, nebaltās”. dzīvojiet mīlestībā, kā Kristus mūs ir mīlējis.” Varbūt Kad sniega baltums pasauli pārklāj, tad uz īsi pat varam šo mudi pārtulkot latviešu tautas dziesmu sprīdi iedomājamies, ka debess šķīstums ir nolaidies valodā: “Mūsu baltais Kristus visus Dieva bērnus balti virs zēmes. Bet dzīves ikdienā laime un nelaime, audzina.” (Tas ir mūsu īpašais uzdevums kā latviešu labais un ļaunais, baltais un nebaltais ir neizsījājami draudzei veidot kristīgu un latvisku ģimeni, kur augam samaisīti. Un cilvēks savā izmisumā un neticībā atkal un audzinām ticībā, cerībā un mīlestībā.) un atkal aizmirst labumu no kā esam cēlušies. Tai Ko piedzīvojam, kad ar pamatīgu sniegu ierodas vietā pagriežam muguru kā Dievam, tā arī savam “baltas dieniņas”? Ja ir kur jātrauc ar automašīnu, tad līdzcilvēkam. Bet Kristus bezbailīgās un nesavtīgās sniegs nav nekāda izpriece. Sniegs labākā gadījumā mīlestības priekšzīme ik dienas mūs aicina no jauna nozīmē kavēšanos un nedrošību. Bet ja nav nekur atgriesties un apgriesties, lai sākot ar mums pašiem, jāsteidzas, tad sniegs var būt gluži apburošs. Sniegs “Dieva prāts (varētu no jauna) notikt kā debesīs, tā arī šosejas un pilsētas trokšnus apklusina. Sniegs ziemas virs zemes.” Caur Kristu visa pasaule ir aicināta kailos kokus un dubļaino zemi apklāja ar apžilbinošu mainīties, aicināta mīlēt Dievu ar visu sirdi, prātu, svētku tērpu. Pasaules pārtapšana ārejā “baltumā”, dvēseli, un spēku un savu tuvāko kā sevi pašu, lai visa kādreiz arī lauj vismaz uz mirkli attātlināties no Dieva bērnu saime reiz varētu baudīt “baltas dienas”. pienākumu un rūpju saspīlējuma. Ja paļaujamies Kristus nesavtīgai mīlestībai, mums Dabas pārtapšana var mūs aizkustināt tikai tādēļ, ir iespēja no jauna atgūt “baltumu”, ko Dievs mums ka tā sasaucās ar iespējamu dvēselisku pārtapšanu. novēl, jo “būdami Dieva mīļotie bērni, (esam acināti) Psalmists tādēļ taču lūdz: “Mazgā mani, lai es topu darīt tāpat kā viņš - dzīvot mīlestībā, kā Kristus mūs ir baltāks par sniegu! Radi manī, ak Dievs, šķīstu sirdi un mīlējis.” Āmen. Gada sapulces sprediķis - L. Saliņš Konspektīvs ziņojums par 2015. gada Draudzes gada sapulces norisi un lēmumiem - Sapulce notiek Jonkeru baznīcā. Sapulcē reģistrētais - Sapulce nolemj nepieņemt lauku īpašuma kom. 2015. skaits bija 36. budžetu, uzdodot draudzes valdei lemt par to. - Sapulces sākumā māc. L. Saliņš, izdala apsveic un - Draudzes valdei, sapulce ievēl Jāni Riekstiņu un pasniedz Gunāram Čačem un Ilzei Beiniķei Draudzes Andri Trautmani uz trīs gadiem, Andi Kancānu uz Atzinības rakstus. diviem gadiem (atvietojot Māri Jurēvicu), un Tāli - L. Saliņš ziņo par garīgo darbu Ņujorkas draudzē. Baueru uz vienu gadu (atvietojot Marģeri Pinni) ar - A. Lazda ziņo par draudzes vadības darbu. aklamāciju. - Vilmārs Beiniķis dod finanču ziņojumu. Proponētā - Draudzes priekšnieks A. Lazda ir ar mieru kandidēt 2015. gada budžetā nodevas nav paceltas un pārejās uz vēl vienu gadu priekšnieka amatam un viņu ievēl ar summas ir līdzīgas kā iepriekšējā gadā. aklamāciju. - Pilnsapulce nolemj ar aklamāciju iemaksāt $30,000 - Revīzijas komitejā pārvēl Raimondu Kerno un archibīskapa algas fondā (600 aktīvie draudzes locekļi Dagniju Spunteli-Lapiņu, un ievēl Lauri Vidzi; kā rev. reiz $50). kom. palīgus ievēl Gvido Teteri un Matīsu Puteni. - Sapulce pieņem 2015. g. budžetu, kas balansēts uz - Par ALA kongresa delegātiem uzstāda un ievēl ar $394,000. aklamāciju A. Lazdu (ex officio), Ingrīdu Jansonu, Juri - Darba pārskati, izņemot lauku Ipašuma kases Bļodnieku un Ivaru Bērziņu. pārskats, tiek pieņemti. Draudzes administrācija 2014. gadā Draudzes laicīgais darbības gads sākās ar gada Vilmārs Beiniķis. Draudzes valdes komitejās darbojās: sapulci Salas baznīcā, 9. februārī. Draudzes valde Revizijas komisija: Raimonds Kerno, Dagnija Spun- konstruējās un sāka darbību šādā sastāvā: priekšnieks tele-Lapiņa; Draudzes finanču komiteja: Andrejs Andrejs Lazda, priekšnieka vietnieks Raimonds Bau- Lazda, priekšsēdis, Vilmārs Beiniķis, Ingrīda Jansons, manis, sekretārs Marģers Pinnis, locekļi Gints Gulbis, Māris Jurēvics, Miķelis Rīsbergs; Palīdzības fonds: Ināra Jansone, Māris Jurēvics, Linda Rence, Miķelis Māra Ziediņa, priekšniece, Dagnija Spuntele-Lapiņa, Rīsbergs, Andris Trautmanis. Kasiera pienākumus veic kasiere, Ilze Buls, Aina Ozola, novadu pārstāvji; 65. gads Nr. 2 2015. g. marts 3 Uzticības fonds: Marģers Pinnis, priekšsēdis, Vilmārs komiteja: Raimonds Baumanis, Māris Jurēvics, Beiniķis, kasieris; Apdrošināšanas komiteja: Ingrīda Andrejs Lazda, Marģers Pinnis, Linda Rence, Mārtiņš Jansons, priekšsēde, Vilmārs Beiniķis, Rūdolfs Zālīte; Nākotnes fonda ieguldīšanas komiteja:
Recommended publications
  • BALTICA Volume 22 Number 1 June 2009 : 11-22
    BALTICA Volume 22 Number 1 June 2009 : 11-22 Changes in Latvia’s seacoast (1935-2007) Guntis Eberhards, Ineta Grīne, Jānis Lapinskis, Ingus Purgalis, Baiba Saltupe, Aija Torklere Eberhards, G., Grīne, I., Lapinskis, J., Purgalis, I., Saltupe, B., Torklere, A. 2009. Changes in Latvia’s seacoast (1935- 2007). Baltica, Vol. 22 (1), 11-22. Vilnius. ISSN 0067-3064. Abstract This paper presents the first compilation of available published scientific material from the 20 th century and results of research during the past 15 years in the seacoast process monitoring system. Using the first Latvian coastal land surveys from the 1930’s and analysis data from topographic maps from the 1980’s, changes in the Baltic coastline (growth and erosion) over a period of 50 to 60 years have been determined and maps of these changes have been made. The data indicates significant seacoast erosion that exceeds 50–60 m at the open Baltic seacoast, but reaches a maximum of 100–200 m, especially influenced by the large ports (Ventspils, Liepāja). Coastal erosion is significantly less along the coast of the Gulf of Riga. Coastal growth by the accumulation is seen along limited portions of the coast. During the last 15 years, coastal erosion due to severe storms has increased significantly by a factor of 1 to 3 times compared with the rate observed during the last 50–60 years of the 20 th century. Keywords Baltic Sea, coastal processes, storms, cartographic material analysis, change tendencies, influence of harbors, deficit of sediments. Guntis Eberhards [[email protected]], Ineta Grīne, Jānis Lapinskis [[email protected]], Ingus Purgalis, Baiba Saltupe, Aija Torklere, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences University of Latvia, Alberta Street 10, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Stock Market Integration in the Baltic Countries Vilma Deltuvaitė Kaunas University of Technology
    Economics and Business doi: 10.1515/eb-2016-0006 2016 / 28 Investigation of Stock Market Integration in the Baltic Countries Vilma Deltuvaitė Kaunas University of Technology Abstract – Recent rapid development of the Baltic stock markets tic stock markets; however, the global integration of Baltic stock raises the question about stock market integration level in these markets has increased during the recent global financial crisis. countries. Some empirical aspects of the Baltic stock market in- tegration have been analysed in the scientific literature, however, Soultanaeva (2008), Dubinskas & Stunguriene (2010), Masood a comprehensive analysis on the Baltic stock market integration et al. (2010), Brännäs & Soultanaeva (2011), Brännäs et al. (2012) level is still missing. The aim of the paper is to assess the regional focused on stock exchanges of the Baltic States and the influence integration level of the Baltic stock markets. The research object is stock markets in the Baltic countries. The following research and exerted by the Russian stock exchange. The overall findings of statistical methods have been applied in this study: the systemic these empirical studies suggest that only a weak relationship and comparative analysis of the scientific literature, Spearman’s between the Baltic stock market volatility and political risk fac- correlation coefficient, dynamic conditional correlation general- ized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, Grang- tors exists. However, the authors have found strong evidence that er causality test, generalized impulse response analysis, Johansen the Baltic stock markets are co-integrated and feedback effect cointegration test, autoregressive distributed lag model and error between analysed stock markets exists. They also found that a correction model.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrācijas Fenomens Konfrontācijā Ar Latvijas Baznīcas Vēsturisko Pieredzi
    Migrācijas fenomens konfrontācijā ar Latvijas Baznīcas vēsturisko pieredzi Migration Phenomenon in Confrontation with the Historical Experience of the Church in Latvia Andris Priede, Dr. hist. eccl. (Latvija) Autors rakstā aplūko tādas tēmas kā Latvijas iekšējās un ārējās migrācijas pro- cess konfrontācijā ar Eiropas vēsturisko pieredzi, bibliskās saknes atbildības pilnai attieksmei pret svešinieku, svētceļnieku un tirgotāju nacionāli konfesionālās brālī- bas Eiropas kristīgās civilizācijas konsolidācijas procesā, Latvijas pamatiedzīvotāju sociāli-ekonomisko un politisko cēloņu determinētās iekšējās migrācijas ietekme uz valsts konfesionālo karti, kā arī iekšējās migrācijas reliģisko konsekvenču vienkār- šotos un politizētos vērtējumus. Iekšējās migrācijas lielākās plūsmas pēdējo divu gadsimtu laikā Latvijā un šī procesa konfrontācija ar valsts lielākajām reliģiskajām konfesijām rakstā tiek aplūkota, analizējot lielākos iekšējās migrācijas viļņus: 1) Vidzemes luterisko zemnieku ieceļošana Vitebskas guberņā pēc 1863. g. poļu-lietu- viešu sacelšanās apspiešanas. Procesa konfesionālās konsekvences – novada reka- tolizācijā iznīkušo luterāņu draudžu atjaunošana; 2) masveida došanās bēgļu gaitās Kurzemes evakuācijas rezultātā 1915. g.; 3) Latvijas valsts agrārreformas 20. gados radītās katoļticīgo latgaliešu saliņas un Latgales laukstrādnieku darbaspēks Kurze- mē un Vidzemē. Pretējā virzienā luterisko ierēdņu un armijas koncentrēšanās Lat- gales lielākajos centros un pierobežā; 4) II Pasaules kara nestās pārmaiņas, lielāka Latgales bēgļu skaita
    [Show full text]
  • The National Defence Concept
    Approved by the Cabinet of Ministers 24 May 2016 Adopted by Saeima /Parliament/ 16 June 2016 THE NATIONAL DEFENCE CONCEPT Riga, 2016 CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1. International Security Environment ............................................................................................ 3 2. General Basis of National Defence ............................................................................................. 4 3. Strategic Principles of National Defence .................................................................................... 5 3.1. State’s Capacity and Will to Act .............................................................................................. 6 3.1.1. Situational Awareness and Threat Identification ............................................................. 6 3.1.2. Inter-institutional Cooperation ......................................................................................... 6 3.1.3. Civic Engagement in National Defence ........................................................................... 7 3.1.4. Information Space and Cyber Security ............................................................................ 7 3.2. Deterrence Policy as a Mean for Reduction of External Military Threats ............................... 8 3.2.1. NATO Capacity and Allied Presence in Latvia ............................................................... 8 3.2.2. National
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
    UNITED NATIONS GROUP OF EXPERTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES NN EE WW SS LL EE TT TT EE RR NUMBER 23 JULY 2000 Inside this issue: § Preface Message from the Chairman 1 Report from the Vice-Chair 2 § News from Headquarters From the Secretariat 4 § From the Divisions No. 23, July 2000 United Nations Group of Experts on French-Speaking Division 5 Geographical Names Newsletter (ISSN Norden Division 7 1014-798) is published by Statistics Division, United Nations Department of § From the Working Groups Economic and Social Affairs. Working Group on Country Names 8 The designations employed and the Working Group on Gazetteers and Toponymic Data Files 9 presentation of the material in this Working Group on Toponymic Terminology 12 publication do not imply the expression of Working Group on Publicity and Funding 13 any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Working Group on Romanization Systems 14 Seceretariat of the United Nations Working Group on Training Courses in Toponymy 14 concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities § From the Countries or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries Canada 15 Latvia 18 Slovakia 23 Sudan 24 United States of America 25 § Other Reports and News GeoNames 2000 27 Ptolemy 29 15th UNRCC-AP 29 7th UNRCC-Americas 30 UNGEGN-Newsletter-23-Final.doc 1 News from the Headquarters Impressum U N G E G N The Newsletter of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN Secretariat of the Group of Experts on NNEEWWSSLLEETTTTEERR Newsletter) is issued approximately twice Geographical Names a year by the Secretariat of the Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Agreement in Presenting This Thesis As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree from Emory University
    Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter now, including display on the World Wide Web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis. Bradyn Schiffman March 22, 2018 Political ‘Hot’-topics and Latvian Identity Politics: Russian-minority narratives explored through media by Bradyn Schiffman Dr. Nikolay Koposov Adviser Department of Russian Language & Culture Dr. Nikolay Koposov Advisor Dr. Elena Glazov-Corrigan Committee Member Dr. Danielle F. Jung Committee Member 2018 Political ‘Hot’-topics and Latvian Identity Politics: Russian-minority narratives explored through media By Bradyn Schiffman Dr. Nikolay Koposov Adviser An abstract of a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Emory College of Arts and Sciences of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors Department of Russian Language & Culture 2018 Abstract Political ‘Hot’-topics and Latvian Identity Politics: Russian-minority narratives explored through media By Bradyn Schiffman New Year’s is the most celebrated holiday in Russian culture. But why is it that people in Latvia still celebrate New Year’s on Moscow time? Media represents the Russian-speaking community in Latvia in a variety of ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment in the Baltic States
    Investment in the Baltic States A comparative guide to investment in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania KPMG in the Baltics © 2015 KPMG Baltics SIA, a Latvian limited liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Preface Investment in the Baltic States is one of a series of booklets published by KPMG to provide information to those considering investing or doing business in various countries. This publication has been prepared by KPMG in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to assist those contemplating investment or commencing operations in the Baltic states. KPMG in the Baltics provides audit, tax and advisory services for local and multinational companies, government entities and inward investors. The information in this booklet is of a general nature and should be used only as a guide for preliminary planning purposes. Because of the continually changing legislative environment in the Baltics, the complexity of corporate, tax and social laws and regulations in each country and the steadily evolving nature of the respective economies, comprehensive professional advice and assistance should always be obtained before implementing any plan to invest in or immigrate to the Baltic states. KPMG with more than 300 staff in the Baltic states can provide such assistance and would be pleased to provide more detailed information on matters discussed in this publication. Every care has been taken to ensure that the information presented in this edition is correct and accurate as of 1 April 2015. Revised edition Riga, April 2015 © 2015 KPMG Baltics SIA, a Latvian limited liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Speeds in Latvia
    2019 '19 | Latvian Business Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS LATVIA IN FACTS 6 LATVIAN ECONOMY OVERVIEW 7 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 15 INCENTIVES FOR INVESTORS 19 PROMISING BUSINESS SECTORS 24 HUMAN RESOURCES 27 BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE 32 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT 41 FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT 46 TAXATION 47 QUALITY OF LIFE AND RECREATION 50 PROMOTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INVESTMENT, AND FOREIGN TRADE 53 USEFUL LINKS 67 '19 | Latvian Business Guide LATVIA IS THE CENTRAL COUNTRY OF THE BALTIC STATES On the world map, Latvia is located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea at the crossroads of Northern and Eastern Europe. Latvia, a parliamentary republic, is bordered by Estonia to the north, Russia and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania to the south, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. The total length of Latvia’s coastline is 498 km. Latvia has almost 2 million inhabitants, of whom almost 1 million live in and around the capital city of Riga, the metropolis of the Baltic region. The second largest city is Daugavpils, with a population of about 83 000. With its relatively small population, Latvia is not a major market, but the country’s key advantage is its location, which provides access to its immediate neighbours. The population of the three Baltic States totals 6.1 million, approximately equal to the population of Denmark. On its doorstep are the Scandinavian countries, with 25 million people; Russia and the independent CIS states, with a combined population of about 280 million; and Eastern Europe, with about 100 million inhabitants. Latvia stands out for two major criteria eligible for any investor – infrastructure and labour force.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Thaw in Soviet Latvia National Politics 1953-1959 Loader, Michael Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 THE THAW IN SOVIET LATVIA: NATIONAL POLITICS 1953 - 1959 Michael Loader A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Department of History King’s College London 2015 1 Abstract My dissertation offers the definitive account of the history of national communism in Soviet Latvia.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Languages – Small Geography? Jussi S. Jauhiainen
    GENERAL TRENDS Small languages – small geography? The production of knowledge and contemporary challenges for publishing in geography Jussi S. Jauhiainen Abstract: The article emerges from the debate concerning publishing in geography, especially regarding internationalism, the language of publishing, and the scope of geographical journals. English is the most common language of science – though only about 6% of the inhabitants of the earth speak it as a mother tongue. Increasingly, the evaluation of scientific activities is based on refereed publications in English at electronic databases (ISI, SSCI, etc.). In this article I consider the role of Geografiski Raksti/Folia Geographica (GRFG), a geographical journal published by the Latvian Geographical Society. In the GRFG a total of 53 articles by 51 different authors was published in 1999-2003. Human geographical themes dominate over physical geographical ones. The articles have been predominantly in Latvian (33) but all articles include at least a summary in English and there are also articles fully in English. English and Latvian make up a total of 84% of all references. Russian references are few and references in other languages are scarce. Language is significant in the production of particular geographical knowledge and geographical concepts are often best expressed in the mother tongue. GRFG is a unique arena for publishing geographical research in Latvian. Small languages contribute significantly in making great geography. Keywords: geographical journals, publishing, language, English, Latvia In the early 21st century there are more journals than ever available for publishing geographers’ research findings. The internet has made easier the on-line access to different journals of geography – at least for people at universities with institutional agreements.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Minority in Latvia
    Russian Minority in Latvia EXHIBITON CATHALOG Foundation of MEP Tatjana Ždanoka “For Russian Schools”, Riga-Brussels 2008-2009 Riga-Brussels 2008-2009 The Exhibition “Russian Minority in Latvia” is supported by the Foundation of MEP Tatjana Ždanoka “For Russian Schools”, by European Parliament political group “Greens/EFA” as well as the External Economic and International Relations Department of Moscow City Government and the Moscow House of Fellow Nationals. Author Team: Tatjana Feigman and Miroslav Mitrofanov (project managers) Alexander Gurin, Illarion Ivanov, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Alexander Malnach, Arnold Podmazov, Oleg Puhlyak, Anatoly Rakityansky, Svetlana Vidyakina Design by Victoria Matison © Foundation “For Russian Schools” ISBN 978-9984-39-661-3 The authors express their gratitude for assistance and consultation to the following: Metropolitan of Riga and all Latvia Alexander Kudryashov and priest Oleg Vyacheslav Altuhov, Natalia Bastina, Lev Birman, Valery Blumenkranz, Olga Pelevin, Bramley (UK), Vladimir Buzayev, Valery Buhvalov, Dzheniya Chagina, Yury Chagin, Chairman of the Central Council of Latvian Pomorian Old Orthodox Church Biruta Chasha, Alexey Chekalov, Irina Chernobayeva, Nataliya Chekhova, Elina Aleksiy Zhilko, Chuyanova, Vitaly Drobot, Yevgeny Drobot, Dmitry Dubinsky, Nadezhda Dyomina, Editor in chief of daily newspaper “Vesti Segodnya” Alexander Blinov, the Vladimir Eihenbaum, Xenia Eltazarova, Zhanna Ezit, Lyudmila Flam (USA), vice-editor in chief Natalya Sevidova, journalists Yuliya Alexandrova and Ilya Svetlana
    [Show full text]
  • Latvia: Review of the Financial System
    LATVIA: REVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM April 2016 1 This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. 2 LATVIA: REVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM This review of Latvia by the OECD Committee on Financial Markets is part of a series of reviews of the financial system. The Committee was requested to examine Latvia’s position with respect to core principles related to financial systems. The present report was finalised on the basis of information available in April 2016. It is released on the responsibility of the Secretary General of the OECD. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVIEW OF LATVIA BY THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL MARKETS 2 I. Overview 5 A. Macroeconomic context 5 B. Recent trends in financial markets 6 II. Financial infrastructure 11 A. Central bank and monetary policy framework 11 B. Payment System 11 III. Banking system: structure and operations 13 A. Financial institutions and financial groups 13 B. Concentration of the banking system 16 C. Banks specialised in non-resident deposits 16 D. State-ownership of financial institutions 18 IV. Capital markets: structure and operation 20 A. Capital market intermediaries 20 B. Recent developments 20 C. Custody, clearing and settlement 21 V. Financial supervision and regulation 22 A. Supervision of market and intermediaries 22 B. Financial stability oversight and macroprudential surveillance 27 C. Financial consumer protection and education 31 E. International surveillance assessment (2012) 33 VI. International financial integration 34 A. Recent developments in cross-border investment 34 B.
    [Show full text]