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IA SCIEN M T E IA D R A V C M A PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA 22 S A O I C C I I F A I T L I N V M O P Vittorio Hösle Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo Stefano Zamagni Editors Nation, State, Nation, State, Nation-State Nation-State The Proceedings of the 22nd Plenary Session 1-3 May 2019 Libreria Editrice Vaticana • Vatican City 2020 Nation, State, Nation-State The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Acta 22 The Proceedings of the 22nd Plenary Session Nation, State, Nation-State 1-3 May 2019 Edited by Vittorio Hösle Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo IA SCIE M NT E IA D R A V C M A S A I O C C I F I I A T L I N V M O P LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA • VATICAN CITY 2020 The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669881441 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pass.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-86726-34-4 © Copyright 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. Cover design: Lorenzo Rumori Photo credits: Gabriella Clare Marino, Lorenzo Rumori THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY “Saint Thomas had a beautiful idea of what a people is: ‘The river Seine is not this river because of this water flowing down it, but because of this source and this river bed; so it’s always regarded as the same river in spite of different water flowing down it. And it’s like this for a population: it’s the same population, not because of any sameness of soul or of persons, but because of the same dwelling place; or, even more, because of the same laws and the the same style of living, as Aristotle explained in book 3 of his Politics’ (On Spiritual Creatures, a. 9, ad 10). The Church has always encouraged love of one’s people, of country; respect for the value of various cultural expressions, uses and customs and for the just ways of living rooted in peoples. At the same time, the Church has admonished individuals, peoples and governments regarding deviations from this attachment when focused on exclusion and hatred of others, when it becomes hostile, wall-building national- ism, or even racism or anti-Semitism. The Church observes with concern the re-emergence, somewhat throughout the world, of aggressive tendencies toward foreigners, types of migrants, as well as that growing nationalism that disregards the common good. This risks compromising previously consolidated forms of inter- national cooperation, threatens the aims of International Organ- izations as spaces for dialogue and encounter for all countries on a level of mutual respect, and prevents the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals unanimously approved by the United Nations General Assembly on 25 September 2015”. Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to Participants in the Plenary Ses- sion of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Vatican City, Clem- entine Hall, Thursday, 2 May 2019 6 Nation, State, Nation-State Nation, State, Nation-State 7 8 Nation, State, Nation-State Contents Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to Participants in the Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences .............. 12 Address of President Stefano Zamagni to the Holy Father Pope Francis .. 17 Word of Welcome (Stefano Zamagni) ..................................................... 19 Preface (Roland Minnerath) .................................................................... 21 List of Participants ................................................................................. 24 Nation, State, Nation-State. An Overview Vittorio Hösle ......................................................................................... 28 Peace – The Fruit of Justice. Theological Reflections on Peace Between Individuals, Peoples and Nations Cardinal Walter Kasper ............................................................................. 58 Nation, State, Nation-State and the Social Doctrine of the Church Archbishop Roland Minnerath ................................................................ 70 National and Transnational Constitutionalism, and the Protection of Fundamental Human Rights Paolo G. Carozza ..................................................................................... 83 The Nation State and the Principle of Subsidiarity Gérard-François Dumont ........................................................................ 106 Economic Globalization and Nation States Juan J. Llach ............................................................................................ 120 Immigration and the State Marcelo Suárez-Orozco .......................................................................... 146 Nation, State, Nation-State 9 CONTENTS The Nation-State as Locus for War-Making Authority Gregory M. Reichberg ........................................................................... 169 State Failure and International Response: The Lessons of South Sudan Allen D. Hertzke ..................................................................................... 183 The African State: Development and the Common Good Paulus Zulu ............................................................................................ 214 China’s Perspectives – Imperialism, Nationalism, or Global Sharing Kuan Hsin-chi ....................................................................................... 236 Colonial Legacy in the Development of Nation-States in Southeast Asia Wilfrido V. Villacorta .............................................................................. 259 India’s Journey from Civic to Cultural Nationalism. A New Political Imaginary? Niraja Gopal Jayal .................................................................................. 269 The Resurgence of Imperialism and Nationalism in the Russian Society after 1990 Andrey Zubov ....................................................................................... 290 Nations and Nationalities Using the Example of Austria, both in the Past and in the Present Herbert Schambeck ............................................................................... 296 The Future of Europe Theo Waigel .......................................................................................... 303 The Nation-State between the Scylla of Populism and the Charybdis of Identity Politics Janne Haaland Matlary ............................................................................ 310 Between Patriotism and Nationalism. Seen from the Perspective of Central Europe Fr. Piotr Mazurkiewicz ............................................................................ 335 10 Nation, State, Nation-State CONTENTS The United Kingdom: National Sovereignty and Nationhood in a Post-Brexit World John F. McEldowney .............................................................................. 366 Nations, Emotions, and Identities in a Late-Modern World: Reflections on the Catalonian Quest for Independence Ana Marta González .............................................................................. 399 Nationalism Versus Solidarity. A Necessary Conflict? José T. Raga ........................................................................................... 432 Commemoration of a Deceased Academician Belisario Betancur (Juan J. Llach) ............................................................ 478 Final Statement ..................................................................................... 481 Declaración final .................................................................................. 485 Nation, State, Nation-State 11 Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to Participants in the Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Clementine Hall Thursday, 2 May 2019 Dear Sisters and Brothers, I welcome you and I thank your President, Prof. Stefano Zamagni, for his courteous words and for having agreed to preside over the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. This year too, you have chosen to address an ever current topic. Unfortunately we have before our eyes situations in which certain nation-states conduct their relations in a spirit more of opposition than of cooperation. Moreover, it should be recognized that State borders do not always coincide with the demarcations of homoge- neous populations and that much tension arises from excessive claims of sovereignty on the part of States, often in the very areas where they are no longer able to act efficiently to protect the common good. Both in the Encyclical Laudato Si’ and in this year’s Address to Members of the Diplomatic Corps, I drew attention to the challenges, of an inter- national nature, that humanity must address, such as integral development, peace, care for our common home, climate change, poverty, wars, migra- tion, human trafficking, organ trafficking, protection of the common good, the new forms of slavery. Saint Thomas had a beautiful idea of what a people is: “The river Seine is not this river because of this water flowing down it, but because of this source and this river bed; so it’s always regarded as the same river in spite of different water flowing down it. And it’s like this for a population: it’s the same population,
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