Poland Country Handbook

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Poland Country Handbook 1. This handbook provides basic reference information on Poland, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and transportation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Poland. 2. This product is published under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program (DoDIPP). This handbook has been published as a joint effort within the Department of Defense (DoD). This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Production Community position on Poland. 3. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, NATO member countries, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. 4. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. CONTENTS KEY FACTS . 1 U.S. MISSION . 2 U.S. Embassy . 2 U.S. Consulate . 3 U.S. Consular Agency . 3 Entry Requirements . 3 Passport and Visa Requirements . 3 Customs Restrictions . 5 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE . 5 Geography . 5 Land Statistics . 5 Boundaries . 5 Topography . 7 Coastline . 8 Forests. 9 Mountains . 9 Lakes . 9 Land Use . 9 Climate . 10 Drainage . 13 Environment . 14 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION . 15 Transportation . 15 Roads . 15 iii Contents (Continued) Rail . 15 Air . 17 Maritime . 18 Merchant Marine . 20 Ferries . 20 Communication . 21 Radio and Television . 21 Telecommunications . 22 Newspapers and Magazines . 22 Postal Services . 23 Internet . 23 CULTURE . 23 Statistics . 23 Society . 24 Education and Literacy Rates . 24 Language . 24 Religion . 25 Jews. 26 Tatar Muslims . 27 Customs and Courtesies . 27 Greetings . 27 Courtesies . 27 Dress . 28 Visiting . 28 Working . 28 Dining . 29 Sports . 29 Major Cities . 29 Warsaw . 29 Lodz . 30 Krakow . 30 iv Contents (Continued) Wroclaw . 31 Poznan . 32 Gdansk . 32 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT . 33 Infectious Disease Risks to Deployed Personnel. 33 Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases . 33 Vectorborne Diseases . 33 Sexually Transmitted Diseases . 33 Respiratory Diseases. 34 Water Contact Diseases . 34 Animal Contact Diseases . 34 Medical Capabilities . 34 Key Medical Facilities . 36 HISTORY . 37 Chronology of Key Events . 41 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS . 41 Government . 41 Key Government Officials . 42 Executive Branch . 42 Legislative Branch . 42 Judicial Branch . 43 Suffrage . 43 Local Government . 43 Politics . 43 Political Parties . 44 Foreign Relations . 46 Border Disputes . 49 ECONOMY . 49 Statistics . 49 Natural Resources . 50 v Contents (Continued) Industry . 51 Raw Materials . 51 Reform . 53 Energy . ..

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Prof. Sławomir Kaczmarek, PhD Vice-Rector for Research and Internati onal Relati ons Dear Student, this guide contains important information related to your studies at Kazimierz Wielki University in the forthcoming academic year. Hopefully, you will ﬁ nd this guide helpful in your preparations for your stay in Bydgoszcz. On behalf of Kazimierz Wielki University I would like to extend a warm welcome to you. We all appreciate your interest in our University and hope you share our enthusiasm about your future in Poland. Should you require more information please do not hesitate to contact International Relations Oﬃ ce at: [email protected] [email protected] Please visit our websites: erasmus.ukw.edu.pl studyinbydgoszcz.pl Offi cial name: Republic of Poland Flag: Polish emblem: Capital City: Warszawa (Warsaw) Offi cial language: Polish Population: 38,2 mln (www.poland.gov.pl) Member of: EU, NATO, UN Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Parliamentary republic EU accession: 1 May 2004 Currency: Złoty (PLN) Internet TLD: .pl International calling code: +48 POLAND a (not so much) foreign COUNTRY 10 FACTS ABOUT POLAND Poland is situated in the heart of Europe Poland is situated in the centre of Europe. With the area of 312.683 square kilometres it is the 9th largest country of the continent. It neighbours with Germany in the West, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine in the South and Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Russia (The Kaliningrad Oblast) in the East. The area of Poland changed throughout the ages: in the 17th century, the Golden Age of Poland, it covered almost 1 million square kilometres, making Poland the largest European country of the time.
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