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Appendix 4 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment APPENDIX 4 STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ST. DAVID’S ROAD RECONSTRUCTION PART OF LOTS 11-12, CONCESSION 10 AND PART OF LOTS 7-12 (FORMER TOWNSHIPS OF GRANTHAM AND THOROLD, COUNTIES OF LINCOLN AND WELLAND) CITIES OF ST. CATHARINES AND THOROLD REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF NIAGARA, ONTARIO ORIGINAL REPORT Prepared for: R. V. Anderson Associates Ltd. 1 St. Paul Street, Suite 702 St. Catharines, ON L2R 7L2 Archaeological Licence #P1066 (Last Name) Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport PIF# P1066-0095-2019 ASI File: 18EA-100 24 April 2019 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment St. David’s Road Reconstruction Part of Lots 9-12, Concession 10 and Part of Lots 8-12 (Former Townships of Grantham and Thorold, Counties of Lincoln and Welland) Cities of St. Catharines and Thorold Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ASI was contracted by R. V. Anderson Associates Ltd. to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (Background Research and Property Inspection) as part of the St. David’s Road Reconstruction in the Regional Municipality of Niagara. This project involves the proposed reconstruction of St. David’s/Townline Road between Collier Road/Burligh Hill Drive and Front Street North in the Cities of St. Catharines and Thorold, Regional Municipality of Niagara. The Stage 1 background study determined that two previously registered archaeological sites are located within one kilometre of the Study Area. The property inspection determined that parts of the Study Area exhibit archaeological potential and will require Stage 2 assessment, if impacted, prior to any construction activities. In light of these results, the following recommendations are made: 1. The Study Area exhibits archaeological potential. These lands require Stage 2 archaeological assessment by test pit at five metre intervals, if impacted, prior to any proposed construction activities; 2. Part of the Study Area exhibits archaeological potential for deeply buried archaeological material associated with the First and Second Welland Canal, between John and Front Streets. Any proposed construction work below the current grade of the ROW in this area should be subject to archaeological monitoring by a licensed archaeologist during all ground disturbing activities to document in situ any features associated with the former canals that may remain intact beneath the road; 3. The remainder of the Study Area does not retain archaeological potential on account of deep and extensive land disturbance or slopes in excess of 20 degrees. These lands do not require further archaeological assessment; and, 4. Should the proposed work extend beyond the current Study Area, further Stage 1 archaeological assessment should be conducted to determine the archaeological potential of the surrounding lands. ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment St. David’s Road Reconstruction Cities of St. Catharines and Thorold, Ontario Page ii PROJECT PERSONNEL Senior Project Manager: Lisa Merritt, MSc. (P094) Partner | Director Environmental Assessment Division Project Coordinator: Sarah Jagelewski, Hon. BA (R405) Lead Archaeologist | Manager Environmental Assessment Division Project Director (Licensee): Jessica Lytle, MSc (P1066) Associate Archaeologist | Project Manager Environmental Assessment Division Project Manager: Eliza Brandy, MA (R1109) Associate Archaeologist | Project Manager Environmental Assessment Division Field Director: Stuart Karrow, MA (R1134) Associate Archaeologist | Field Director Mitigation Division Report Preparation: Eliza Brandy Graphics: Jonas Fernandez, MSc (R281) Archaeologist | Assistant Manager - Fleet & Geomatics Specialist Operations Division Adam Burwell, MSc Archaeologist | Geomatics Specialist Operations Division Report Reviewer: Lisa Merritt ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment St. David’s Road Reconstruction Cities of St. Catharines and Thorold, Ontario Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... i PROJECT PERSONNEL ...................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Development Context ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Historical Context ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Indigenous Land Use and Settlement ....................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Euro-Canadian Land Use: Township Survey and Settlement ..................................................... 5 1.2.3 Historical Map Review ............................................................................................................. 8 1.2.4 Twentieth-Century Mapping Review ......................................................................................... 9 1.3 Archaeological Context .................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Current Land Use and Field Conditions .................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.3.3 Previous Archaeological Research .......................................................................................... 11 2.0 FIELD METHODS: PROPERTY INSPECTION ........................................................................................... 11 3.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Analysis of Archaeological Potential ............................................................................................. 12 3.2 Analysis of Property Inspection Results ......................................................................................... 12 3.3 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 13 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 13 5.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ..................................................................................... 14 6.0 REFERENCES CITED............................................................................................................................ 15 7.0 MAPS ............................................................................................................................................... 21 8.0 IMAGES ............................................................................................................................................ 31 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Nineteenth-century property owner(s) and historical features(s) within or adjacent to the Study Area .. 8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: St. David’s Road Reconstruction Study Area .................................................................................... 22 Figure 2: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1862 Map of the Counties of Lincoln and Welland .................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 3: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1876 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the Counties of Lincoln and Welland ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1882 Map of the Welland Canal from St. Catharines to Thorold ................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 5: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1938 NTS Niagara Sheet ................................... 24 Figure 6: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1954 Aerial Photograph of Thorold .................... 25 Figure 7: Study Area (Approximate Location) Overlaid on the 1973 NTS St. Catharines Sheet .......................... 25 Figure 8: Study Area – Physiographic Landforms ........................................................................................... 26 Figure 9: Study Area – Surficial Geology ........................................................................................................ 26 Figure 10: St. David’s Road Reconstruction - Results of the Property Inspection (Key Map) ............................. 27 Figure 11: St. David’s Road Reconstruction - Results of the Property Inspection (Sheet 1) ................................ 28 Figure 12: St. David’s Road Reconstruction - Results of the Property Inspection (Sheet 2) ............................... 29 Figure 13: St. David’s Road Reconstruction - Results of the Property Inspection (Sheet 3) ..............................
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