Act 171: Drug Information and Current Trends

Dr. Barzanna White, S.S.P., Ph.D. District School Psychologist, Prevention Coordinator, and SCTG and BJA Grant Director ◦ Mental health issues such as suicide, depression, anxiety are increasing. ◦ Domestic violence has increased. With COVID- ◦ Child abuse cases have risen. 19… ◦ Stress has caused fear, anxiety, and social isolation. ◦ Individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders are more vulnerable…cravings, consumption, and risk of relapse are high (NIAAA, 2020). DABBING AND VAPING: TWO TEEN TRENDS THAT ARE INCREASING Dabbing

◦ Dabbing is a method of inhaling highly concentrated THC (commonly referred to as hash oil, wax, or shatter) by using a blowtorch heated delivery system commonly referred to as a dab ring (Parents Opposed to Pot, 2020). ◦ THC is the main high inducing chemical in marijuana. ◦ Just six years after marijuana was legalized in Colorado, teens report an alarming increase in use of ultra-potent pot products. More than half of them who use marijuana now dab to get high. ◦ And there was a 69% increase in students vaping marijuana. ◦ Will other states see this same trend as they push to legalize marijuana? Marijuana Dabbing

◦ Marijuana dabbing refers to the process of inhaling marijuana concentrates, known on the street by many names such as dabs, butane hash oil (BHO), honey oil, shatter, wax, and budder. These concentrates are created by extracting marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by a method of butane extraction. ◦ The end product is a thick brownish-green substance, resembling ear wax, or honey — hence the street names. Marijuana dabbing or ‘blasting dabs’ is when the concentrate is placed on a heated device such as a nail or modified water pipe and the vapors released are inhaled. The result is a high dose of THC with instantaneous effects. ◦ The process of dabbing is a relatively new form of marijuana use that has gained popularity over the past five years. Marijuana concentrates such as dabs and shatter are not chemically modified versions of marijuana that create a completely new and different drug, such as with poppy to heroin or coca to cocaine. Users are essentially still taking marijuana but at higher doses. ◦ Dab tabs are measured portions of cannabis (50mg of THC or CBC or both). The honeycomb dab tab can be heated and dabbed without having to remove the extract. What Might You See…. Signs Someone May Be Dabbing

◦ Increased use of perfumes/colognes to hide the smell. ◦ Paraphernalia: vape pens, glass water pipes, dab rings, nails (hollow metal rod where the nail is heated and the dab is placed on the hot surface). ◦ Use of gum, mints, and eye drops. ◦ Changes in behavior consistent with marijuana use but intensified throughout the entire day (unusual talkativeness, sleepiness, bloodshot eyes, disorientation). ◦ Increased positive attitude about marijuana use and interest in marijuana )movies, characters, clothing). Have You Seen Any of These Items at School? Vaping

◦ Prior to COVID-19, teen vaping and related lung issues were growing at an alarming rate. This has intensified since the pandemic. ◦ The U.S. Surgeon General officially declared e-cigarettes an epidemic with young Americans. ◦ Originally, vaping was a way to get a buzz from the nicotine and was a method of hiding usage in neatly contained devices (JUULs/devices or Puff Bar and Zyn/disposable nicotine pouches). ◦ 1 in 5 high school seniors vape (2018) and these numbers are rising each year. ◦ Nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana are gateway drugs and increase the likelihood of using other substances later in life. Using substances is an ineffective coping mechanisms, it increases trouble with law enforcement (poor decision making, driving under the influence), and it limits effective problem-soling (poor choices, suicide), etc.

JUUL Puff Bar

◦ Designed in Los Angeles by two 20-year-olds. ◦ Flavor mixing labs are in Malaysia; production occurs in China. Zyn and Other Disposable Pouches Marijuana

◦ Intake: Smoked in a cigarette or in a pipe or bong, smoked in blunts, mixed with food (edibles), brewed as tea ◦ Slang: Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Chronic, Dope, Gangster, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Herb, Joint, Mary Jane, Mota, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Weed, Yerba ◦ Effects: Impaired judgment, reduced coordination, hallucinations, difficulty thinking and problem-solving, effects memory and learning, causes relaxation, disinhibition, increased appetite, sedation, increased sociability, confusion, distorted perception, anxiety, drowsiness, dizziness, nauseas, tachycardia, respiratory problems In the News

◦ Binghampton, NY mayor introduces new “social host” law to reduce underage drinking. The law will help those who host and serve substances to minors accountable. ◦ Coke bought the Topo Chico seltzer brand and will be adding alcohol to it. It will be available in Latin America in select cities. ◦ A Lynnwood, Washington couple was arrested for having $19 million dollars worth of fentanyl in their home. ◦ Drug-driving could soon exceed drunk driving! ◦ Baton Rouge, LA – Approximately $4000 of fentanyl laced praline candy was seized along with other items in a drug arrest.

Drugs From A to Z Amphetamines

◦ Prescription stimulant used to treat ADHD (Concerta, Adderall, Dexedrine, Focalin, Metadate, Ritalin). ◦ Often used as a study aid to keep people awake or used to suppress appetites. ◦ Intake: Used orally or injected. Ice or crystalized methamphetamine hydrochloride is smoked. ◦ Slang: Bennies, Bumble Bees, Black Beauties, Dexedrine, Footballs, Hearts, Speed, Uppers, Vitamin R ◦ Effects: Similar to cocaine, but slower onset and longer duration. Causes increased body temperature, blood pressure, irritability, aggression, insomnia, loss of appetite, physical exhaustion. Chronic abuse can lead to psychosis, paranoia, hallucinations, violent and erratic behavior. Barbiturates (Depressants)

◦ Intake: Pill or injecting a liquid. ◦ Slang: Barbs, Block Busters, Christmas Trees, Goof Balls, Pinks, Red Devils, Reds and Blues, Yellow Jackets ◦ Effects: Paranoia, suicidal thoughts, lack of inhibition, sleepiness, impaired memory, impaired judgment and coordination, irritability, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, and coma. Bath Salts: MDPV, 4MMC (Synthetic Stimulants)

◦ Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected ◦ Slang: Cloud 9, Bliss, Energy 1, White Rush, Purple, Wave ◦ Effects: Aggression, Confusion, Hallucination, Paranoia, Alters Mood, Dilation of Pupils, Sweating, Seizures, and Suicidal Thoughts ◦ Human-made stimulants related to cathinone, found in the khat plant. Benzodiazepines (Depressants)

◦ Intake: Orally or crushed and snorted ◦ Slang: Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, Tranks ◦ Effects: Calming, euphoria, vivid, disturbing dreams, amnesia, irritability, hostility, clammy skin, shallow reparation, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, and coma. Cocaine

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, snorted, or injected ◦ Slang: Coke, Flake, Coca, Nose Candy, Snow, Soda Cot, White, Blanco, Big C, Blow ◦ Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and possible infected diseases if injected. Crack (Stimulant)

◦ Intake: Heated in a pipe then smoked ◦ Slang: Freebase, Apple Jacks, Rocks, Pebbles, Nuggets, Half Track, Baseball, Roxanne ◦ Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and possible infected diseases if injected DXM Dextromethorphan (Cough Suppressant)

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed ◦ Slang: CCC, DXM, Dex, Red Devils, Robo, Skittles, Triple C, Tussin, Velvet ◦ Effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, hallucinations, high blood pressure, numbness of fingers and toes, and irregular heartbeat Ecstasy or MDMA aka Molly

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed ◦ Slang: Candy, Clarity, Beans, Adam, E. X, XTC, Happy Pill, Molly, Skittles, Smarties, Vitamin E, Vitamin X, Hug Drug, Vowels ◦ Effects: Reduced appetite, paranoia, blurred vision, hallucinations, tremors, muscle tension, extreme thirst, fainting, and increased heart rate. Fentanyl (Synthetic Opioid)

◦ One hundred times stronger than morphine; developed for pain management with cancer patients ◦ Intake: Needle ◦ Slang: Apace, China Girl, China Town, China White, Dance Fever, Goodfellows, Great Bear, He-Man, Poison, and Tango and Cash ◦ Effects: Intense, short-term high, euphoria, slowed respiration, reduced blood pressure, nausea, fainting, seizures, death Flakka (alpha-PVP)

◦ Similar to the street drug commonly referred to as bath salts. ◦ Intake: eaten, snorted, injected, or vaporized in e-cigarettes ◦ Slang: Gravel ◦ Effects: Hallucinations, paranoia, violent aggression, self-injury, overdose, death GHB - Gamma-Hydoxybutyric Acid

◦ Intake: Often added to drinks in liquid or power form, swallowed or taken orally ◦ Slang: Date Rape Drug, G, Georgia Home Boy, grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstasy, Sleep 500, or Scoop ◦ Effects: Tremors, impaired motor skills, difficulty breathing, seizures, respiratory depression, comas, nausea, and death Heroin (Depressant)

◦ Intake: Snorted, smoked, or heated into a liquid and injected ◦ Slang: Black Tar, Brown sugar, Big H, China White, Dope, H, Junk, Smack, Dragon, or Horse ◦ Effects: Euphoria, sleeping/drowsiness, nodding off, vomiting, dry/itchy skin, impaired mental functioning, slow movement and breathing, needle marks, boils, extremely small pupils, clammy skin, and reduced appetite Hydromorphone

◦ Prescribed as Dilaudid; 2-8 times more likely than morphine. ◦ Intake: orally or by injecting tablets dissolved in solution ◦ Slang: D, Dillies, Dust, Footballs, Juice, Smack ◦ Effects: relaxation, euphoria, sedation, changes in mood, nervousness, restlessness, constipation, vomiting, nausea, poor coordination, rash, heartbeat changes, loss of appetite, changes in blood pressure, depression, poor muscle tone, constricted pupils, clammy skin, coma Inhalants (Depressant-like)

▪ Intake: Vapors are inhaled

▪ Slang: Huffing, Laughing Gas, Poppers, Rush, Whippets, Bagging, Gluey

▪ Effects: Dizziness, slurred speech, drowsiness, passing out/loss of consciousness, sudden sniffing death, heart failure, hearing loss, and permanent damage to the liver, lungs, and kidney Ketamine (Used as an anesthetic)

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, or snorted (pills, powder, or liquid) ◦ Slang: Cat Valium, Jet, K, Kit Kat, Purple, Special K, Super Acid, Super C, Super K, Vitamin K ◦ Effects: Amnesia, delirium, impaired motor functioning, respiratory problems Khat (Stimulant)

◦ Made from leaves and twigs of the evergreen shrub (Active ingredients: cathine and cathinone) ◦ Intake: chewed, used as a tea or chewable paste, smoked, sprinkled on food ◦ Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka ◦ Effects: Manic behavior, depression, suicide, delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, nightmares, euphoria, increased blood pressure and heart rate , insomnia, gastric disorders, cardiac complications Kratom

◦ Leaves from the Kratom tree (southeast Asia; causes stimulant and sedative effects. ◦ Intake: Pill, crushed and smoked, chewed, brewed as a tea ◦ Slang: Thang, Kakuam, Ketum, Biak ◦ Effects: Increases alertness, talkativeness, and physical energy (low doses), sedation (high doses), hallucinations, confusion, delusions, itching, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, increased urination, loss of appetite, wight loss, anorexia, insomnia LSD

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed, or placed on the tongue (pill, liquid, gelatin, blotter paper) ◦ Slang: Acid, Blotter, Lucy, Purple Haze, Microdots, Trips, Window Panes, Tabs ◦ Effects: Elevated body temperature, decreased appetite, increased blood pressure, insomnia, tremors, flashbacks, chronic recurring hallucinations, psychosis

Marijuana (Depressant, Hallucinogen, and Stimulant)

◦ Intake: Orally or smoked (buds, leaves, sticky, black hashish oil) ◦ Slang: Bud, Herb, Grass, Green, Mary Jane, Reefer, Weed, Shatter, Ear Wax, Budder, 710, Dabs ◦ Effects: Bloodshot eyes, intense anxiety, panic attacks, dry mouth and throat, lack of concentration, lack of coordination, impaired learning, impaired judgement, difficulty problem solving, and loss of memory. States That Have Legalized Marijuana for Recreational Purposes

STATE LEGAL AGE MEDICAL RECREATIONAL DATE LEGALIZED

Alaska 21 years + Legal Legal Feb 24, 2015

California 21 years + Legal Legal Jan 1, 2018

Colorado 21 years + Legal Legal Nov 6, 2012

Illinois 21 years+ Legal Legal Jan 1, 2020

Maine 21 years + Legal Legal Nov 2016

Massachusetts 21 years + Legal Legal July 2018

Michigan 21 years + Legal Legal Dec. 2018

Nevada 21 years + Legal Legal Jul 1, 2017

Oregon 21 years + Legal Legal Jan 1, 2015

Vermont 21 years + Legal Legal Jan 11, 2018

Washington 21 years + Legal Legal Jan 1, 2012

Washington D.C. 21 years + Legal Legal Nov 2014 States That Have Legalized Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes

STATE LEGAL AGE MEDICAL RECREATIONAL DATE LEGALIZED

Arizona N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Arkansas N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Connecticut N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Delaware N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Florida N/A Legal Illegal N/A Hawaii N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Maryland N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Michigan N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Minnesota N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Missouri N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Montana N/A Legal Illegal N/A

New Hampshire N/A Legal Illegal N/A

New Jersey N/A Legal Illegal N/A

New York N/A Legal Illegal N/A

North Carolina N/A Legal Illegal N/A

North Dakota N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Ohio N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Oklahoma N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Pennsylvania N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Rhode Island N/A Legal Illegal N/A

Utah N/A Legal Illegal N/A

West Virginia N/A Legal Illegal In Louisiana…

◦ Medical use: Limited to CBD oil ◦ Recreational use: Illegal ◦ Medical marijuana use is limited to CBD oil for patients with a range of conditions. The sale or possession of any form of smokable marijuana is still prohibited in Louisiana. ◦ Recreational use is still illegal and punishable by up to 15 days incarceration and fines of up to $300. Punishments get significantly stricter for possession of 2.5 lbs or more, with a minimum of 2 years imprisonment and $10,000 fines. ◦ There are no upcoming initiatives to change marijuana laws in Louisiana this year. Methadone

◦ Synthetic opioid prescribed as Dolphine or Methadose ◦ Intake: Swallowed as a liquid or pill or it’s injected ◦ Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka ◦ Effects: highly addictive, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, death, weak pulse, shallow breathing, stomach spasms, itchy skin, sweating, sleepiness Methamphetamine (Stimulant)

◦ Desoxyn – used to treat obesity and ADHD ◦ Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected smoked form (crystal meth resembles crushed ice) ◦ Slang: 417, Beanies, Crank, Crypto, crystal, Fired, Glass, Ice, Meth, Quartz, Speed, White Cross, Shards, Bikers Coffee, Stove Top, Tweak, Yaba, Trash, Chalk, Crystal, Crank, Shabu ◦ Effects: Paranoia, convulsions, stoke, scratching, skin sores, hyperthermia, sensation of bugs crawling under their skin, hallucinations, heart attack, death, and poor dental health Morphine

◦ Non-synthetic narcotic )opioid) made from opium. ◦ Intake: oral solutions, injected, tablets, capsules, suppositories ◦ Slang: Dreamer, Emsel, First Line, God’s Drug, Hows, MS, Mister Blue, Morpho, Unkie ◦ Effects: Sleepiness, cold and clammy skin, euphoria, pain relief, lowered pulse/blood pressure, possible death Opium

◦ Non-synthetic narcotic extracted from the poppy plant. ◦ Intake: Pill, smoked, injected, used in combination with other drugs ◦ Slang: Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black pill, Chandu, Chinese Molasses, Dopium, Dream Gun, Fi-do-nie, Gee, Guma, Midnight Oil, Zero ◦ Effects: Relaxation, euphoric relief, coma, death, highly addictive Oxycodon (Depressant)

◦ Intake: Orally swallowed, snorted, or injected (tablets, caplets, or crushed) ◦ Slang: Cotton, 40/80, Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, Killers, OC/O, Oxy, OxyContin, Roxy, Percs, Pills ◦ Effects: Bloodshot eyes, major anxiety, panic attacks, dry mouth and throat, lack of concentration, lack of coordination, impaired learning, impaired judgement, difficulty problem-solving, and loss of memory PCP (Phencyclidine)

◦ Synthetically produced hallucinogen. ◦ Intake: Power form (snorted), tablets/capsules, leafy materials sprayed or dipped in liquid and smoked. ◦ Slang: Angel Dust, Boat, Crystal, Embalming Fluid, Hog, Ozone, Rocket Fuel, Shermans, Supergrass, Tic Tac, Wack, Zoom ◦ Effects: Distortion, feelings of being detached from the world, slurred speech, sedation, amnesia, numbness, disorientation, feeling invincible, shallow breathing, immobility Peyote and Mescaline

◦ Small spineless cactus with an active ingredient of mescaline. ◦ Intake: Fresh or dried buttons can be chewed or smoked with marijuana/tobacco, capsules, soaked in water and drank ◦ Slang: Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, Peyoto ◦ Effects: Altered perceptions of space and time, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, rise in body temperature, impaired motor coordination, anxiety, euphoria Psilocybin (Mushrooms)

◦ Intake: Brewed as tea, added to food to mask bitter flavor, ingested orally ◦ Slang: Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushrooms ◦ Effects: Panic attacks, psychosis, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, weakness of muscles, poor coordination, psychosis, death Rohypnol (Date Rape Drug)

◦ It’s a depressant and benzodiazepine that is not approved for medical use in the U.S. ◦ It is sometimes used by cocaine users to relieve side effects. ◦ Intake: Tablet, swallowed, crushed or snorted, can be dissolved in liquids (colors light drinks a pale blue). ◦ Slang: Circles, Forget Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug, Mexican Valium, Pingus, R2, Roach 2, Ruffies, Rophies, Wolfies ◦ Effects: addictive, impaired mental functions, slurred speech, loss of concentration, drowsiness, sleepiness, amnesia, relaxes muscles, decreases anxiety ◦ Good news: There are now some cups, straws, and other devices that can indicate the presence of a date rape drug. Salvia Divinorum

◦ Plant from the mint family that is used for its hallucinogenic effect. ◦ Intake: Chewing fresh leaves, drinking extracted juices, smoking/inhaling vapors ◦ Slang: Maria Pastora, Sally-D, Salvia ◦ Effects: hallucinations, loss of coordination, dizziness, slurred speech, uncontrollable laughter, panic, fear, body and object distortions, wild perceptions Spice/K2, Synthetic Marijuana

◦ A synthetic version of THC (mixture of plant material and synthetic psychoactive chemicals. ◦ Typically labeled “not for human consumption”. ◦ Intake: Smoked (joints, pipes, e-cigarettes), added to tea ◦ Slang: Bliss, Black Mamba, Blaze, Bombay Blue, Fake Weed, Legal Weed, Genie, Zohai, Red X, Dawn Scooby Skunk, Snax ◦ Effects: Addictive, increases blood pressure and heart rate, causes paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks, possible organ damage and death

Steroids

◦ Synthetically produced versions of testosterone; promotes muscle growth and enhances appearance and athletic performance. ◦ Intake: gels, creams, transdermal patches, tablets/capsules, injections ◦ Slang: Arnolds, Gear, Gym Candy, Juice, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, Weight Gainers ◦ Effects: can stunt growth, enlarge breasts, and shrink testicles in males; can increase facial hair, body hair, acne, and deepens voice in females; mood swings, increases aggression, heart disease, liver damage, addiction U-47700

◦ Synthetic opioid somewhat pink in color ◦ Intake: Snorted, swallowed, injected ◦ Slang: Pinky, Pink, or U4 ◦ Effects: cold and clammy skin, coma, sedation, numbness, respiratory failure/death Teen Trends Tik Tok Benadryl Challenge

◦ Benadryl is used normally as an antihistamine and blocks the cholinergic nervous system (responsible for saliva production, tear production, and facilitates functions like urination, heart rate, body temperature, brain functioning, and eye functioning. ◦ This challenge asks people to take more than 12 Benadryl tablets in order for them to “get high”. ◦ Can cause: High body temperature, blurred vision, unsteadiness, nausea/vomiting, confusion, high blood pressure, hallucinations, brain damage, seizures, heart attack, and even overdose. ◦ Benadryl is especially dangerous when it is taken in combination with pain relievers. Tik Tok Skullbreaker Challenge, Cereal Challenge, Penny Challenge Dangerous Teen Trends

◦ Purple Drank or Sizzurp – mixture of cough syrup (codeine), jolly ranchers, and soda. When used with other drugs, it can be fatal. ◦ Choking Game – youth choke themselves to experience a fainting spell. Cutting off air and blood flow to the brain causes brain bleeds, strokes, comas, brain damage, and death. ◦ Huffing – putting cleaning fluids on a cloth or in a bag and breathing them. Effects the CNS and brain functioning. Can also cause liver and kidney damage and possibly death. ◦ Alcohol enemas – alcohol poured into the colon through the rectum. It delivers the alcohol directly to the bloodstream and can lead to blood poisoning and death. ◦ Drunkorexia – consuming small amounts of food during the day in order to leave room for consuming large amounts of alcohol later. It can lead to strong intoxication, blood sugar issues, serious hangovers, and lack of nutrients. ◦ Planking – lying like a board on any surface face down and trying to keep your balance. ◦ Bath salts – contain MDPV and mephedrone. Snorting, injecting, or smoking bath salts can cause chest pain, hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, etc. ◦ Vodka eyeballing ◦ Sky walking ◦ Car surfing Trends Continued ◦ Tide pod challenge ◦ Cinnamon challenge ◦ Salt and ice challenge ◦ Dipping and Juuling ◦ Edibles ◦ Online porn ◦ Sleeping with a smartphone ◦ Duct tape challenge ◦ Choking game ◦ Trunking – hiding underage kids in the trunk so not to violate curfew ◦ Condom snorting ◦ ChatRoulette ◦ Vampire biting Contact Information: Dr. Barzanna White 318-603-6484 [email protected]

IRELAND References

◦ Drug Enforcement Agency/ dea.gov ◦ Get Smart About Drugs ◦ Tall Cop ◦ Dr. S. Sroka ◦ Youth.gov ◦ Safesupportivelearning.ed.gov ◦ Justthinktwice.gov