Beowulf's Arrival
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The Battle with Grendel
That Herot would be his to command. And then He declared: 385 ' "No one strange to this land Has ever been granted what I've given you, No one in all the years of my rule. Make this best of all mead-halls yours, and then Keep it free of evil, fight 390 With glory in your heart! Purge Herot And your ship will sail home with its treasure-holds full." . The feast ends. Beowulf and his men take the place of Hrothgar's followers and lie down to sleep in Herot. Beowulf, however, is wakeful, eager to meet his enemy. The Battle with Grendel 8 Out from the marsh, from the foot of misty Hills and bogs, bearing God's hatred, Grendel came, hoping to kill 395 Anyone he could trap on this trip to high Herot. He moved quickly through the cloudy night, Up from his swampland, sliding silently Toward that gold-shining hall. He had visited Hrothgar's Home before, knew the way— 4oo But never, before nor after that night, Found Herot defended so firmly, his reception So harsh. He journeyed, forever joyless, Bronze coin showing a Straight to the door, then snapped it open, warrior killing a monster. Tore its iron fasteners with a touch, 405 And rushed angrily over the threshold. He strode quickly across the inlaid Floor, snarling and fierce: His eyes Gleamed in the darkness, burned with a gruesomeX Light. Then he stopped, seeing the hall 4io Crowded with sleeping warriors, stuffed With rows of young soldiers resting together. And his heart laughed, he relished the sight, Intended to tear the life from those bodies By morning; the monster's mind was hot 415 With the thought of food and the feasting his belly Would soon know. -
An Examination of Scandinavian War Cults in Medieval Narratives of Northwestern Europe from the Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages
PETTIT, MATTHEW JOSEPH, M.A. Removing the Christian Mask: An Examination of Scandinavian War Cults in Medieval Narratives of Northwestern Europe From the Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages. (2008) Directed by Dr. Amy Vines. 85 pp. The aim of this thesis is to de-center Christianity from medieval scholarship in a study of canonized northwestern European war narratives from the late antiquity to the late Middle Ages by unraveling three complex theological frameworks interweaved with Scandinavian polytheistic beliefs. These frameworks are presented in three chapters concerning warrior cults, war rituals, and battle iconography. Beowulf, The History of the Kings of Britain, and additional passages from The Wanderer and The Dream of the Rood are recognized as the primary texts in the study with supporting evidence from An Ecclesiastical History of the English People, eighth-century eddaic poetry, thirteenth- century Icelandic and Nordic sagas, and Le Morte d’Arthur. The study consistently found that it is necessary to alter current pedagogical habits in order to better develop the study of theology in medieval literature by avoiding the conciliatory practice of reading for Christian hegemony. REMOVING THE CHRISTIAN MASK: AN EXAMINATION OF SCANDINAVIAN WAR CULTS IN MEDIEVAL NARRATIVES OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE FROM THE LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE MIDDLE AGES by Matthew Joseph Pettit A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Greensboro 2008 Approved by ______________________________ Committee Chair APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. -
The Middle Ages. 449- 1485 Life and Culture • Middle Ages Is the Period of Time
The Middle Ages 449-1485 The Middle Ages The Middle Ages. 449- 1485 Life and culture • Middle Ages is the period of time Art that extends between the ancient classical period and the Language history Renaissance • Middle Ages extends from the The spread of Christianity Roman withdrawal and the Anglo Saxon invasion in 5th century to the accession of the House of Tudor in Beowulf th the late 15 century 1 Maspa Sadari The Middle Ages 449-1485 The Middle Ages The earlier part of this period is called The dark Ages • Middle Ages is divided in two parts: the first is named Anglo Saxon Period or Old English Period (449-1066); the second is named the Anglo Norman Period or Middle English period (1066- 1485) 2 Maspa Sadari The Middle Ages 449-1485 Anglo Saxon or Old English period (449-1066) • In 449 the tribes of Jutes, angles and Saxons from Denmark and Northern Germany started to invade Britain defeating original Celtic people who escaped to Cornwall, Wales and Scotland. 3 Maspa Sadari The Middle Ages 449-1485 The language of these tribes was the Anglo- Saxon • The country was divided into 7 kingdoms, which soon had to face Viking invasions. The joined the forces and managed to defeat Vikings 4 Maspa Sadari The Middle Ages 449-1485 Life and culture • Life in Saxon England: society was based on the family unit, the clan, the tribe • The code of values was based on courage, loyalty to the ruler, generosity. The most important hero in a poem of this period is Beowulf 5 Maspa Sadari The Middle Ages 449-1485 The culture was military, based on war -
Beowulf Timeline
Beowulf Timeline Retell the key events in Beowulf in chronological order. Background The epic poem, Beowulf, is over 3000 lines long! The main events include the building of Heorot, Beowulf’s battle with the monster, Grendel, and his time as King of Geatland. Instructions 1. Cut out the events. 2. Put them in the correct order to retell the story. 3. Draw a picture to illustrate each event on your story timeline. Beowulf returned Hrothgar built Beowulf fought Grendel attacked home to Heorot. Grendel’s mother. Heorot. Geatland. Beowulf was Beowulf’s Beowulf fought Beowulf travelled crowned King of funeral. Grendel. to Denmark the Geats. Beowulf fought Heorot lay silent. the dragon. 1. Stick Text Here 3. Stick Text Here 5. Stick Text Here 7. Stick Text Here 9. Stick Text Here 2. Stick Text Here 4. Stick Text Here 6. Stick Text Here 8. Stick Text Here 10. Stick Text Here Beowulf Timeline Retell the key events in Beowulf in chronological order. Background The epic poem, Beowulf, is over 3000 lines long! The main events include the building of Heorot, Beowulf’s battle with the monster, Grendel, and his time as King of Geatland. Instructions 1. Cut out the events. 2. Put them in the correct order to retell the story. 3. Write an extra sentence or two about each event. 4. Draw a picture to illustrate each event on your story timeline. Beowulf returned Hrothgar built Beowulf fought Grendel attacked home to Geatland. Heorot. Grendel’s mother. Heorot. Beowulf was Beowulf’s funeral. Beowulf fought Beowulf travelled crowned King of Grendel. -
Harem Literature and the Question of Representational Authenticity
Contemporary Literary Review India CLRI Brings articulate writings for articulate readers. eISSN 2394-6075 | Vol 5, No 4, CLRI November 2018 | p. 33-46 Confronting Robert Zemeckis’ Beowulf in the Digital Age Arnab Chatterjee Faculty Member, Department of English, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata. Abstract It is a fundamental fact that an epic documents the exploits of certain characters on a scale that sometimes crosses the limits of both space and time; in fact, these features account for the “grand style” of any epic composed. Coupled with its bravura sweep, any epic is also a faithful documentation of the age in which it is written, something that Prof. E.M.W. Tillyard calls its “choric” quality. However, in the digital age, with the advent of animation and other such modes of representation, much of the erstwhile grandeur of the traditional epics seems to have been lost, and this brings us closer to Walter Benjamin’s remark that in the mechanical age, a work of art loses is pseudo-divine aura as we tend to have “copies” of the work that is readily Contemporary Literary Review India | eISSN 2394-6075 | Vol 5, No 4, CLRI November 2018 | Page 33 Confronting Robert Zemeckis’ Beowulf in the Digital Age Arnab Chatterjee consumed. Taking clues from such theorists, this proposed paper is an attempt to locate Beowulf in the digital age and within the ‘mechanics’ of representation called “animation pictures” and alternative narratological strategies that tend to compromise not only with its original tone, but also with the story line. Keywords Animation, Grand style, Digital, Walter Benjamin, Narratological. -
From Beowulf “Hail, Hrothgar! Higlac Is My Cousin and My King; the Days
From Beowulf “Hail, Hrothgar! Higlac is my cousin and my king; the days Of my youth have been filled with glory. Now Grendel’s Name has echoed in our land: Sailors Have brought us stories of Herot, the best Of all mead-halls, deserted and useless when the moon Hangs in skies the sun had lit, Light and life fleeing together. My people have said, the wisest, most knowing And best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’ Great King. They have seen my strength for themselves, Have watched me rise from the darkness of war, Dripping with my enemies’ blood. I drove Five great giants into chains, chased All of that race from the earth. I swam In the blackness of night, hunting monsters Out of the ocean, and killing them one By one; death was my errand and the fate They had earned. Now Grendel and I are called Together, and I’ve come. Grant me, then, Lord and protector of this noble place, A single request! I have come so far, Oh shelterer of warriors and your people’s loved friend, That this one favor you should not refuse me- That I, alone and with the help of my men, May purge all evil from this hall. I have heard, Too, that the monster’s scorn of men Is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Now will I. My lord Higlac Might think less of me if I let my sword Go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid Behind some broa linden shields: My hands Alone shall fight for me, struggle for life Against the monster. -
13 Reflections on Tolkien's Use of Beowulf
13 Reflections on Tolkien’s Use of Beowulf Arne Zettersten University of Copenhagen Beowulf, the famous Anglo-Saxon heroic poem, and The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien, “The Author of the Century”, 1 have been thor- oughly analysed and compared by a variety of scholars.2 It seems most appropriate to discuss similar aspects of The Lord of the Rings in a Festschrift presented to Nils-Lennart Johannesson with a view to his own commentaries on the language of Tolkien’s fiction. The immediate pur- pose of this article is not to present a problem-solving essay but instead to explain how close I was to Tolkien’s own research and his activities in Oxford during the last thirteen years of his life. As the article unfolds, we realise more and more that Beowulf meant a great deal to Tolkien, cul- minating in Christopher Tolkien’s unexpected edition of the translation of Beowulf, completed by J.R.R. Tolkien as early as 1926. Beowulf has always been respected in its position as the oldest Germanic heroic poem.3 I myself accept the conclusion that the poem came into existence around 720–730 A.D. in spite of the fact that there is still considerable debate over the dating. The only preserved copy (British Library MS. Cotton Vitellius A.15) was most probably com- pleted at the beginning of the eleventh century. 1 See Shippey, J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century, 2000. 2 See Shippey, T.A., The Road to Middle-earth, 1982, Pearce, Joseph, Tolkien. -
Beowulf Was Not There”: Compositional Implications of Beowulf, Lines 1299B-1301
Oral Tradition, 4/3 (1989): 316-329 “Beowulf Was Not There”: Compositional Implications of Beowulf, Lines 1299b-1301 Michael D. Cherniss During the second night of Beowulf’s stay in Denmark, Grendel’s mother, seeking revenge for her son’s death, enters Heorot. When the warriors in the hall discover her presence, she takes fl ight, but on her way out she seizes and kills an unnamed warrior who, the poet says, was especially dear to his lord, Hrothgar. At this point in the narrative the poet tells us something we did not previously know (1299b-1301): Næs Beowulf ðær, ac wæs oþer in ær geteohhod æfter maþðumgife mærum Geate.1 [Beowulf was not there, but rather he was in another place, assigned earlier to the famous Geat after the giving of treasure.] Subsequently, the female monster completes her escape, leaving confusion and renewed suffering behind her. Although so far as I am aware the lines about Beowulf’s absence from Heorot during the second attack in two nights upon its sleeping inhabitants have elicited no previous commentary, they have for some time struck me as being somewhat curious. My discomfort has little or nothing to do with the narrative function of the information that the poet supplies here. Obviously, if Beowulf were present in Heorot the poem’s audience would expect him to challenge Grendel’s less powerful mother just as he had previously challenged her son and, if the results were the same, instead of an exciting battle in the monster’s lair, we would very likely have only a much less interesting reduplication of the earlier hand-to-hand struggle. -
Beowulf: the Movie Name: Date
Beowulf: The Movie Name:___________________________________ Date:_______________ Block:______ NOTE: This movie does not follow our texts. It takes the classic and adds “Hollywood” to it, so you will need to watch and listen closely. The questions for this movie will focus on broader themes and analysis. To get started, here is a term which may be unfamiliar and definition to help you gain perspective on the religious references in this movie. Ragnarok: refers to a series of major events, including a great battle foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including the gods Odin, Thor, and Freya), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterwards, the world resurfaces anew and fertile, the surviving gods meet, and the world is repopulated by two human survivors. DIRECTIONS: Please answer each of these questions with at least two complete sentences. You can always use more ! “I don’t know” and/or “Who cares” will not be acceptable answers. 1. Why do you think they used an animation style in this movie? What does it add to the quality of the movie? 2. What sets Wealthow apart from the other Danish women? 3. Why do you think the writers made Grendel be Hrothgar’s son? 4. Was the portrayal of Grendel accurate in your opinion? Explain. 5. What is symbolic about the Dragon’s Cup and why was it added to the movie? 6. Analyze the relationship between Wealthow and Hrothgar. 7. Are the party/feast scenes as you imagined when reading the epic poem Beowulf? Explain. -
Past and Future Lives of Grendel (Presentation)
Past and Future Lives of Grendel (presentation) Good afternoon. This talk is something that grew out of the fourth chapter of my dissertation, which I’m still writing, so your feedback will be a lot of help. As a way of briefly framing my argument, the basic premise of my dissertation is that if we look at the way texts are produced and reproduced on the internet, that that serves as a useful model for looking at the way texts were produced and reproduced in the middle ages. Until now, for the most part, we’ve been looking at medieval textual culture through the lens of print culture. I’m focusing on three processes that together shape textual production on the internet and in the middle ages -- aggregation, renarration, and curation -- and today I’ll be primarily focusing on curation: effectively the choices made in both physically and mentally grouping texts together, and how they can be used to read Grendel’s monstrosity. First I’m going to talk about Grendel as a monster in his manuscript context, how he looks when we contextualize him as part of the set of monsters in the Nowell Codex. Then I’m going to look at Grendel and the way he appears in three recent films -- Robert Zemeckis’s Beowulf, Sturla Gunnarsson’s Beowulf and Grendel, and Howard McCain’s science-fiction remix, Outlander. Both of these contextualizations -- manuscript and film -- create a set of generic conventions that we can use to build up the idea of what it means to be a Grendel. -
The Ideal Study Guides for Today's Students! —30% Off
The ideal study guides for today’s students! — 30% off FollettBound editions— NO FEAR LITERATURE Beowulf for warfare and hatred that woke again. Chapter 1 With envy and anger an evil spirit endured the dole in his dark abode, EOWULF became the ruler of the Spear-Danes and was that he heard each day the din of revel Bbeloved by all. He had an heir, the great Halfdane, high in the hall: there harps rang out, whose wisdom and sturdiness guided and protected the clear song of the singer. He sang who knew people. Halfdane had three sons—Heorogar, Hrothgar, and tales of the early time of man, Halga—and a daughter, who married Onela and became how the Almighty made the earth, queen of the Swedes. Hrothgar was such a great warrior that fairest fields enfolded by water, men were eager to fight alongside him. His army grew large. set, triumphant, sun and moon He decided to build an enormous hall, the largest anyone for a light to lighten the land-dwellers, had ever seen. From there, he would rule and give everything and braided bright the breast of earth he could to his people, except for land and his men’s lives. with limbs and leaves, made life for all He brought in workmen from all over the world, and his of mortal beings that breathe and move. immense and noble hall was soon completed. He named it Heorot. Once inside, he kept his promise to give gifts and So lived the clansmen in cheer and revel treasure to his people. -
BEOWULF SUMMARY Chapter 1: We Meet King Hrothgar (The Victim)
BEOWULF SUMMARY Chapter 1: We meet King Hrothgar (the victim) and Grendel (the monster). We learn Grendel is pure evil and was created from death. Chapter 2: Grendel attacks the Danes when they’re sleeping. He murders thirty men at once and then keeps coming back at night for 12 years. Chapter 3: Beowulf brings 13 men across the sea to defeat Grendel. Chapter 4: Beowulf arrives in Hrothgar’s kingdom and makes his way to the castle. Chapter 5: Beowulf arrives at the castle and is announced to the king. He is described as a wise, powerful, and brave fighter. Chapter 6: Beowulf meets Hrothgar and he says that Beowulf is as strong as 30 men and is very confident in his ability to defeat the monster. Beowulf talks about how his own people told him to come help Hrothgar, he rid the world of giants, and will fight Grendel with his bare hands. Chapter 7: Beowulf came to help Hrothgar, not just because he wants to fight Grendel, but because he is repaying the debt that his father owes. Hrothgar helped Edgetho end a feud he started when he murdered someone. Chapter 8: Unferth, a disgruntled soldier, calls Beowulf out as a foolish man who constantly puts himself in danger by seeking out monsters to defeat. Beowulf responds by saying that even though he seeks out monsters,it doesn’t matter since he always wins the fight. Chapter 9: Beowulf continues to discuss all the adventures he’s gone on and all the monsters he’s faced. Once done the queen passes around drinks and everyone starts celebrating.