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CLARKSBURG FAIRMONT N N Cemetery S Y L “It may be said with truth that no Northwest V WHEELING PARKERSBURG A Pierpont 30 N Academy IA 50 A Graves V spot in the United States experienced E Wheeling Hospital W PI Railroad . Creating KE ST VE. . Depot PLE A MA more of the horrors of war.” T. West Virginia 19 O H I O Vital S 20 N N R I V E R A Transportation 5 W 22 T MA 22 — Joseph Barry, Harpers Ferry resident H Stonewall IN ST Center 4T . 1 S S H T Jackson T 3 . R Pierpont S S MADISON ST. D Union . T. 2 T 40 N . Birthplace T ST S JEFFERSON ST House 22 D 250 Meetings L . D S E. I T. N AV Martinsburg roundhouse 2 . C T L ST S E OGDEN ON T V GT E HIN complex, ca. 1850s N L LAND AVE. S WA M E . Courtesy Library of Congress A K 19 I A N N 50 A W H A Attack on S R 522 T Custom House interior, I V E . 50 R Clarksburg Fairmont Wheeling Convention, Fort Defenses 250 2 Boreman PARK AVE. Harper’s Weekly, July 6, 1861 Beverly & Fleming E Julia Pierpont 70 House Courtesy West Virginia Lowndes Fairmont Battle for 40 250 30 Hill Park Turnpike the Bridge University T. 10TH S Francis H. Pierpont Slave Auction Block 250 Courtesy West Virginia 250 M State Archives A Cannons opened R 70

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T (See Inset) . start the first land Maj. Martin R. Delany, Camp battle of the war. Independence Hall Charles Town native and Charlie TH ST. Courtesy Library 16 highest-ranking black View of Parkersburg from Mount Logan (site of Fort Boreman), 1861 250 of Congress The Athenaeum U.S. Army officer Courtesy West Virginia University Library Courtesy Smithsonian Institution 79

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Battle of 70 70 Fort Sir Johns Run Folck’s Mill 68 Sir Johns Run Cumberland (Multiple Sites) Frederick Hagerstown 68 S.P. (Multiple Sites) Williamsport (Multiple Sites) 9 Stumpy’s 77 Morgantown Berkeley Battle of Camp Hollow (Westover Bridge) Springs Great Cacapon Hopkins Battles of Berkeley Springs 26 (Multiple Sites) This large bronze bell, now at the Oglebay Hammond Falling Waters Battle of (Multiple Sites) House (Multiple Sites) Boonsboro Great Cacapon Camp Institute Mansion Museum in Wheeling, 522 Antietam Hopkins Stumpy’s called people to the slave auction. Cast in 28 N.B. Hollow Fairmont Martinsburg Shepherdstown Troy, New York, in 1854, it stands four feet (See Inset) Kingwood Camp Washington and 29 (See Inset) (Multiple Sites) Potomac Bloomery Unger high and has a three-foot-diameter base. Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans’s Wire Bridge Engagement Blackford’s Hammond Williamstown State Gap (Camp Mud) 9 Middletown Jacob 11 Ford House Battles of Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans Courtesy Oglebay Institute brigade attacking at Rich Mountain College Sheetz Duffields Depot Henderson Moler’s Crossroads Falling Waters Oakland Shop Courtesy Library of Congress Hall Courtesy Becker Collection, Boston, Mass. Engagement Greenback Raid 522 (Multiple Sites) Rowlesburg Romney 127 81 Harpers at Romney 29 14 Grafton (Multiple Sites) 220 (Multiple Sites) Ferry Clarksburg (National Cemetery) 50 Charles Town 13 50 (See Inset) Parkersburg (See Inset) (See Inset) 522 Captain 50 Stephenson Keyes Switch Covered 219 Stump ANSTED FAYETTEVILLE 50 Bridgeport 72 Bridge Depot 220 Antietam Harrisville Westlake 19 Anna Jarvis House Jordan’s Unger N.B. Scherr Springs Cemetery 68 48 (Greenland (Camp Mud) Shepherdstown . 20 Philippi VE Gap Engagement) Winchester Martinsburg A (Multiple Sites) (Multiple Sites) LE (Multiple Sites) S (See Inset) 19 AP Cisco Battle of Battle of C M 29 81 T. O E Johnson’s Moorefield IN S 14 17 Cool Springs A U Crossing Jackson’s Mill Frémont’s Leesburg Blackford’s M R 11 9 Tyree T Camp (Multiple Sites) Ford 48 S 11 T 47 119 Parsons Tavern . 53 250 B Battle of (Corricks Ford) Wardensville 50 “Following Stonewall” Nancy Hart, Confederate Spy Elizabeth Bassel Laurel Hill Moorefield 48 600 F Weston House Petersburg (See Inset) by W.L. Sheppard Courtesy West Virginia Division 77 5 (See Inset) Strasburg Moler’s S (Multiple Sites) Belington CO Burning Springs (Multiple Sites) Gen. Thomas Jonathan Museum of the Confederacy Crossroads of Culture and History U 60 R 33 259 George Washington . T 66 60 VE ST A . Ravenswood Engagement National Forest “Stonewall” Jackson LE Glenville 48 AP Buckhannon Elkins at Johnson Run Greenback Duffields M Front Royal Courtesy Library of Congress W Woodlawn Harpers 20 (Multiple Sites) Mathias (Multiple Sites) Raid Depot Homestead Woodstock Ferry 5 19 220 79 33 17 Rich Peru 33 Beverly Edinburg Mountain (Multiple Sites) PETERSBURG MOOREFIELD First Indirect 16 Ripley (Courthouse) Burnsville 4 MARTINSBURG Spencer Bulltown Rock Cave Monongahela Contentment Battlefield Artillery Fire National Forest 35 Keyes Switch Arnoldsburg 33 Brooks Salt Works RACE S Martinsburg Cedar Lakes 20 T. Charles Courtesy West Virginia & Conference Center Huttonsville Roundhouse (Casto Hole) Flatwoods Last Rude’s Battle of Town Regional History Collection Union Hill Fort Mulligan 48 Moorefield (See Inset) Raid 2 16 New Market Elkwater 92 Maple Hill (Fort Marrow) Cemetery 9 Martinsburg Sutton MAR Franklin TIN S (Multiple Sites) T. Visitors Center Buffalo (McCoy 33 (Multiple Sites) Cheat Camp House) 250 219 Summit Bartow 119 Fort 220 220 George Washington McMechen 55 11 Berkeley 11 BURK 250 National Forest House E ST. Hotel The Great Raid Looney’s . 23 Harrisonburg E V Huntington 92 . 52 Creek A (Multiple Sites) T (Battle of S 19 LE . E P T Guyandotte) Camp G A S Moorefield 64 Allegheny Engagement at Cemetery M LE N L E CHARLES TOWN E ST. Presbyterian O Rutherford Johnson Run C U Hill KI G 60 Littlepage Monterey NG Q AVE. 51 Barboursville ST N Church . I N House R LIBERTY P McDowell 11 S . Charleston (See Inset) 9 ON ST SHINGT 220 WA Past is 39 55 28 Edge Hill Present Summersville 220 Martinsburg Jefferson County Malden (Nancy Hart) JOHN Kesslers ST. 9 Jefferson Museum Cemetery Cross Lanes Zion 39 County 129 ST. Cemetery Courthouse SE Marlinton RESS Gauley ONG M 39 C IN Bridge AR Carnifex Ferry 55 Battlefield S.P. Huntersville Y Ansted 51 ST ST. S . (See Inset) “We have been torn from AVI Droop Mountain Hillsboro Camp C H Battlefield S.P. (Union Camp) Northwest 39 9 U C . R Virginia by wicked force, H C Fayetteville A M H R MY ST I S LE DE L (See Inset) ACA D T. S R but we are Virginians still.” E

77 ST SAMU D ST 219 . . — Mary Elizabeth E 220 GE L 60 119 S O T 612 R . To Arms 60 McMechen, Hardy Co., 1866 GE S 19 Civil War–era saltpeter T. John Brown Hanging Site 77 mining hopper, Organ Cave 60 Courtesy Organ Cave, Inc. Lightburn’s 11 Retreat

64 64 “Burning of McDonald House” Lewisburg 64 Jackson Australia Furnace/ Lexington by Geraldine Walters Alderson River Lucy Selina Furnace (Multiple Sites) (Alderson’s Ferry) Depot Courtesy Billy Hinkle 10 Beckley Averell’s Salem Raid Oceana Organ T. Military Occupation S (McDonald Plantation) Cave N 81 N and Presidential Presence 19 A 64 Thompson and UNION Broadside (with original typographic error) advertising Martilia Walker 10 Natural 15 Bridge 219 the Unionist meeting of November 24, 1860 Battle of 77 Union, Courtesy West Virginia University Archives Charleston Union Western 220 Buchanan (See Inset) Virginia 60 52 119 114 Jefferson Mount Joy M S National Forest “Why should we risk a new government in the south 60 219 when we are already governed by the best constitu- Kanawha Gen. John tion ever and God given freedoms which might disap- Riflemen State Princeton Echols House Capitol (McNutt House) Civil War Trails Site 61 Hanging 460 pear under a new government after secession?” Rock Gen. Crook’s 460 Occupation of Union — Arthur I. Boreman, later first governor of Other Civil War Site 11 Statehood West Virginia, February 1861 Information or Welcome Center CHARLESTON Roanoke Frémont’s army marching through the woods Bluefield 219 19 Chapman Courtesy Library of Congress House Union College Jones-Imboden Raid Site JONES-IMBODEN RAID JENKINS’S RAID MOUNTAIN MANEUVERING HARPERS FERRY Morgantown Jones – Main Route MARYLAND OHIO Weston Jones – Detached Raiding Parties Fairmont n April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. onfederate Gen. Albert G. Jenkins led 550 est Virginia’s rugged terrain made ew places played such an OWilliam E. “Grumble” Jones and John Racine Ravenswood Buckhannon Ccavalrymen on a 500-mile raid through Wcampaigning extremely difficult Imboden – Main Route Oakland im­portant role in the Civil War D. Imboden began a cavalry raid through Glenville central West Virginia between August 22 despite numerous gravel turnpikes. Major as Harpers Ferry. This was Independence present-day West Virginia. They planned to and September 12, 1862, attacking Federal Wheeling western turnpikes included the Staunton West Bridgeport Point where some of the first shots of disrupt rail transportation, cut telegraph Pleasant Rich Mountain forces, capturing prisoners, and destroying and Parkersburg, Beverly and Fairmont, F Union Rowlesburg Spencer the conflict were fired when abolitionist Clarksburg Scherr lines, weaken Federal control, and seize military stores. From Salt Sulphur Springs James River and Kanawha, Valley, and Cairo R “Jackson Commandeers the Railroad, Martinsburg,” John Brown led his “army” of would-be Harrisville supplies. The primary goal was to destroy Ripley in Monroe County, he rode along the Tygart OHIO E North Western. In northern West Virginia, V June 1861 – Courtesy Mort Künstler slave liberators there on October 16, bridges at Rowlesburg. Imboden led 3,365 and Buckhannon Rivers, capturing Union I the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Philippi R Weston Moorefield Buffalo B & O R R 1859. After shedding the first blood and O men from Staunton through Beverly and scouts in Huttonsville and taking 5,000 I Fairmont Martinsburg the Northwestern Virginia Railroad H seizing the U.S. Armory, Brown and his Buckhannon. Jones rode with 2,100 men Red House weapons in Buckhannon on August 30. O B linked Wheeling and Parkersburg on the E V Elkins E followers were overwhelmed two days through Petersburg and Moorefield, fought As Jenkins and his men rode west on the R Shepherdstown Ohio River with Grafton, Martinsburg, O R T H W E S T E R L Burning N N Y Buckhannon Petersburg Guyandotte Parkersburg V A R R W E S T E R N T P K Glenville A H later, when a detachment of marines an engagement at Greenland Gap in Hardy Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike, he R T 50 Baltimore, and the Chesapeake Bay. These Springs WEST N Grafton N O Harpers

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stormed the engine house. Col. Robert Beverly County, and was repulsed after a daylong Milton occupied Weston and destroyed the telegraph F Ferry railroads were the most strategically VIRGINIA A U N T O N A N D P Clarksburg S T A A R K I Winchester E R R Charleston S B U R E. Lee with his aide Lt. J.E.B. Stuart battle at Rowlesburg. The largest battle of line there. He drove off two companies of G M Philippi important lines of communication and Barboursville T P Valley K O N commanded the force. Brown was the raid, it was Jones’s only defeat, despite Federals at Glenville and then capturedSpencer the T transportation in the state. Brownstown Mountain T Huttonsville Camp P captured, tried, convicted of treason outnumbering the Federals six to one. He (Marmet) Union garrison (5 companies of the 11th K E The turnpikes were serviceable in K Sutton Bartow Beverly I Boone P against Virginia, and hanged at nearby occupied Morgantown and seized supplies West Virginia Infantry) under Col. John N dry weather, but heavy rain and snow R U Lacey T Confederate raiders, Century Magazine, ca. 1880. (March 28) Charles Town on December 2, 1859. and horses on April 28. The next day, Jones C. Rathbone at Spencer on September 2. Y often rendered them impassible. Gen. Spring E L Courtesy West Virginia State Archives L When the war came, both Union fought an important engagement at Fairmont. Next, he took Ripley in Jackson County and A John D. Imboden reported that two weeks’ V Civil War WEST Camp E S R I V E R Harrisonburg J A M A N D and Confederate forces coveted this Despite facing 500 Union regulars and home seized $5,550 from the U.S. paymaster. At K Trails Site hard rain had made the roads “horribly Allegheny A N VIRGINIA A W H strategic location as the gateway to guards there, he burned a railroad bridge and Ravenswood on September 4, the Federals A bad”: to lighten his artillery enough to Guyandotte Summersville T P the Shenandoah Valley. The Federals the library of Francis H. Pierpont, governor of Logan C.H. retreated across the Ohio River. That evening, Charleston K Huntersville get it through the mud, he “had to destroy Staunton used the town and its connection to the the Restored Government of Virginia. Jones Jenkins forded the river and raised the the spare wheels … and throw away Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as a supply temporarily rejoined Imboden at Buckhannon Raleigh C.H. Confederate flag in Ohio. He captured Racine, fifty solid shot from each caisson.” Road base, launching repeated incursions VIRGINIA and skirmished to Weston where they seized (Beckley) VIRGINIA recrossed the river, and passed through 60 maintenance, infrequent in peacetime, was Civil War VIRGINIA from here into the heart of Virginia. the mass of supplies stockpiled for the opening Point Pleasant. Jenkins then continuedTrails Site Covington minimal during the war. Most large-scale B&O Route Map, 1860 The Confederates marched through of the newly constructed Trans Allegheny Wyoming C.H. through Barboursville, Logan Court House, Lewisburg Lexington military campaigns, therefore, took place (Pineville) Salt Sulphur Courtesy B&O Railroad Museum the area when they invaded the North Lunatic Asylum. Jones destroyed oil wells and Springs Pineville in Wyoming County, and Beckley in farther east in Virginia. and occupied Harpers Ferry during the equipment at Burning Springs. The raiders Raleigh County. On SeptemberCheat 12, Summit Jenkins Both sides sought to control or Fort 1862 Maryland (Antietam) Campaign, returned to Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley ended the raid at Red House on the Kanawha disrupt the railroads. Besides Confederate the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, and by May 26. The generals claimed that they River. Jenkins’s Raid, like most cavalry cavalry raids, there were numerous Gen. Jubal A. Early’s 1864 raid on Lewisburg marched 1,100 miles, captured 700 Federals, expeditions, temporarily disrupted the Union Federal raids, including the one that Gens. Jenkins’s Raid Site Washington. Nearby Shepherdstown seized 1,200 horses and 4,000 cattle, and communication and supply system but had no William W. Averell and Alfred N.A. Duffié and Martinsburg also played key burned 4 turnpike bridges, more than 20 Jenkins’s Raid Route long-term consequences, although planting led in November 1863. Most of the raids roles in the conflict, as hospital and Gen. William E. Jones Gen. John Imboden railroad bridges, 2 trains, and 150,000 barrels Gen. Albert G. Jenkins the Confederate flag in Ohio provided a brief succeeded only briefly, as the lines were transportation centers respectively. Courtesy West Virginia State Archives Courtesy Library of Congress of oil. Most bridges were soon repaired. Courtesy Library of Congress lift to Confederate morale. quickly repaired or rebuilt.

April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C. April 15 President Abraham Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection” March 26 Voters approve West Virginia constitution with antislavery provision May 4–June 20 Overland Campaign, Va. February 1–April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C. April 17 Virginia secedes July 8–10 Battle of Laurel Hill September 3 Federals repulse Confederates at Gauley Bridge April 3 Restored Government of Virginia constitution ratified April 20 Lincoln proclaims conditions met for West Virginia statehood January 30 W.Va. accepts provisions of Morrill Land Grant June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va. May 23 Virginia voters approve Ordinance Secession May 13 Restored Government of Virginia legislature requests state’s admission to Union April 20–May 26 Jones-Imboden Raid Act (1862) to establish agricultural college February 25 W.Va. legislature enacts “voters’ test oath” to disfranchise men who had borne arms against June 3 Battle of Philippi, first land battle of the Civil War August 22–September 12 Jenkins’s Raid April 29 Battle of Fairmont December 7 First W.Va. senators and March 1 W.Va. legislature proposes constitutional amendment to disfranchise September 2 Gen. William T. Sherman captures Atlanta the U.S., Reorganized Government of Va., July 13 Robert S. Garnett first general killed September 10–15 Battle of Cheat Mountain August 28–30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va. June 10–July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa. congressmen seated in Congress men who voluntarily aided rebellion against the U.S. after June 1, 1861 October 13 Col. John S. Mosby’s Greenback Raid, Jefferson County and state of W.Va.

April 18 US Forces burn June 11 Convention begins at Wheeling September 10 Battle of Carnifex Ferry September 4–19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md., W.Va. February 12–20 State constitutional convention June 20 West Virginia becomes 35th state August 7 Battle of Moorefield November 15–December 10 Sherman’s March to the Sea, Ga. April 2–3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va. 186the Armory1 at Harpers Ferry 1863 1865 July 11 Battle of Rich Mountain December 13 Federal attack on Camp Allegheny fails September 15 Stonewall Jackson occupies Harpers Ferry July 1–3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. November 6 Battle of Droop Mountain August – November Sheridan’s 1864 Valley Campaign April 9 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrenders Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, Va. May 22 First US soldier July 13 Engagement at Corricks Ford November 26–February 18 May 8–June 9 Stonewall Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign December 10 Congress passes West Virginia statehood bill July 4 Grant captures Vicksburg, Miss. September 19 3rd Winchester April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln T. Bailey Brown killed July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va. October 21 Voters approve statehood referendum State constitutional convention December 31 Lincoln signs West Virginia statehood bill August 26 Restored Government of Virginia relocates in Alexandria September 22 Fishers Hill February 3 W.Va. legislature abolishes April 26 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee near Durham, N.C. May 13–15 First Wheeling Convention July 25 Union forces occupy Charleston October 19 Cedar Creek slavery in state and ratifies 13th Amendment (2nd state to do so) WEST VIRGINIA 1862 1864 How to Use this Map-Guide Follow this sign to discover HHTHE FIRST CAMPAIGN HH ROAD TO STATEHOOD GUERRILLA WARFARE HHHHH TRAVEL RESOURCES HHHHH This map-guide identifies more than 150 more than 1,650 Civil Civil War sites throughout West Virginia. War sites across 5 states. Each site is interpreted and accessible and Contact the following for more travel information Hundreds of sites are n the spring of 1861, after the Confederate commanders, poor weather, orthwestern Virginia (includ- encourages you to explore diverse settings and visitor services along the Trails. accessible to the public for secession of Virginia from the Union, disease among the troops, and rugged ing present-day West Virginia) where America’s destiny was forged. West Virginia Civil War Trails sites can be explored the first time. Federal forces rushed to secure terrain. Lee attempted to drive the Federals was the first part of the state West Virginia Tourism Office Greenbrier County CVB at your own pace, and many offer other the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, from their bastion at Cheat Summit Fort on to experience guerrilla con- I N 1900 Kanawha Blvd, E. 800-833-2068 historical and recreational opportunities. CivilWarTrails.org which passed through northwestern September 11–13, taking personal command flict. There, John H. McNeill was the Charleston, WV 25305 www.greenbrierwv.com Enjoy one of the numerous walking tours Virginia and linked the Chesapeake Bay in his first battle of the war. Plagued by rain precursor of John S. Mosby in northern 800-CALL WVA Historic Fayetteville CVB available in many communities. Shop at BALTIMORE, with the Ohio River and the West. Gen. and ineffective underlings, Lee was forced to Virginia. Guerrillas resisted “invad- WVtourism.com 888-574-1500 one of hundreds of antique and specialty MD Independence Hall, Wheeling George B. McClellan led the Union effort withdraw, and the Federals retained control ing” forces from the opposite side and West Virginia Department www.visitfayettevillewv.com shops, dine at a historically-themed tavern, Courtesy West Virginia State Archives WASHINGTON, D.C. to hold the railroad and to protect the of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the carried out often-personal vendettas of Culture and History Monroe County Tourism or simply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield. Near largely Unionist part of Virginia that Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike. Davis he longstanding political, social, and against civilians who supported the 304-558-0220 866-677-3003 ext.15 every West Virginia Civil War Trails site, you’ll find other activities CHARLESTON, WV @WVtourism RICHMOND, VA soon became West Virginia. The first land soon transferred Lee to South Carolina to T economic differences between west- other side. In the spring of 1861, the www.wvculture.org www.travelmonroe.com that make visiting West Virginia so popular: whitewater rafting, mountain biking, and curvy, country roads where the stories you’ve battle of the Civil War occurred on June supervise the construction of fortifications. ern and eastern Virginia reached a crisis Unionists, who generally dominated the Preservation Alliance New River Gorge CVB discovered will ignite your imagination. NASHVILLE, TN 3, 1861, when McClellan’s forces brushed While in western Virginia, however, Lee in April 1861, when Virginia seceded and area, formed guerrilla bands to intimi- of West Virginia 800-927-0263 #AlmostHeaven RALEIGH, NC The West Virginia Civil War Trails program is part of a five-state aside Confederate resistance at Philippi. acquired a horse that he would treasure the created a pro-Confederate state govern- date their pro-Confederate neighbors, 304-345-6005 www.newrivergorgecvb.com trails network that invites you to explore both well-known and less- The next month, on July 11, Union troops rest of his days. Lee named him Traveller. ment in Richmond. Union supporters who formed their own bands to retal- www.pawv.org #CivilWarTrails Visit Southern West Virginia familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama. Together, West Virginia State Parks © 2020 Virginia Civil War Trails, Inc. Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA under Gen. William S. Rosecrans overcame At about the same time as the Cheat generally dominated western Virginia, iate. Such rival groups included the 800-VISIT WV more than 1,000 places tell the epic and heartfelt stories of civilians 1-833-WVParks Confederate forces at Rich Mountain Mountain debacle, Union forces under where there were fewer slaves, espe- Confederate Moccasin Rangers and the www.visitwv.com and soldiers who experienced triumph and tragedy during the war. www.wvstateparks.com John Brown’s Fort commanded by Gen. Robert S. Garnett, Rosecrans drove Confederate Gen. John cially in the northwestern counties. On Unionist Snake Hunters. For more detailed travel information, contact any of the Wyoming County CVB Courtesy West Virginia Dept. of Commerce who was charged with protecting the B. Floyd’s command from its fortifications June 11, delegates from 26 western coun- Confederate guerrillas also MOUNTAINER COUNTRY 304-732-8128 organizations listed in this guide or visit any West Virginia Welcome turnpike crossroads at Beverly. Trying at Carnifex Ferry. Eventually, Confederate ties convened in Wheeling, reorganized, attacked the occupying regular Union www.visitwyomingcountywv.com Center or local Visitor Center. For additional Civil War Trails ATLANTIC Greater Bridgeport CVB METRO VALLEY POTOMAC HIGHLANDS MOUNTAIN LAKES OCEAN to retreat, Garnett forces established and restored the loyal government of troops who sought to protect Unionist information, visit www.civilwartrails.org. 800-368-4324 Charleston CVB Beverly Heritage Center Braxton County CVB was killed two days Camp Allegheny on the Virginia under Gov. Francis H. Pierpont. civilians and control the strategically EASTERN PANHANDLE Philippi Parsons www.greater-bridgeport.com 304-344-5075 304-637-7424 304-765-6533 later at Corricks (Corricks Ford) present-day Virginia- A later session authorized a referendum important turnpikes and the Baltimore Berkeley Springs Travel WEST VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION Greater Clarksburg CVB www.charlestonwv.com www.beverlyheritagecenter.org www.braxtonwv.org Ford. McClellan 250 West Virginia border to to dismember Virginia and create a and Ohio Railroad. The Federals fre- 800-447-8797 304-622-2157 Huntington Area CVB Elkins-Randolph County Tourism CVB Lewis County CVB became a Union guard the Staunton and new state, Kanawha (later named West quently resorted to extreme measures www.berkeleysprings.com . . Buckhannon www.exploreclarksburg.com 800-635-6329 304-635-7803 304-269-7328 hero, and President Battle of 219 Parkersburg Turnpike. Virginia). However, not all of the resi- to subdue the Confederate guerrillas, Jefferson County CVB 1 800CALL WVA Marion County CVB www.VisitHuntingtonWV.org www.elkinsrandolphwv.com www.stonewallcountry.com Abraham Lincoln Laurel Hill A Union attack there dents within the new state’s boundaries whom they considered little more than 304-279-3637 WVtourism.com Elkins 800-834-7365 Putnam County CVB Grant County CVB Summersville CVB soon appointed him failed on December 13, concurred; secessionists dominated outlaws. Unionist volunteers acting www.discoveritallwv.com HHH 33 www.marioncvb.com 304-757-7282 304-257-9266 304-872-3722 commander of the 33 1861. The Confederates the eastern and southern portions. In under official orders targeted Confed- Martinsburg-Berkeley Co. CVB VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION Greater Morgantown CVB www.VisitPutnamWV.com www.visitgrantcounty.com www.summersvillecvb.com Federal army in the Beverly evacuated the site the months after November 1861, a con- erate guerrillas, capturing or killing 304-264-8801 Rich Mountain 800-458-7373 Hampshire County CVB Upshur Co. CVB 1-800-VISIT VA eastern theater. Battlefield early in 1862. vention drafted a state constitution. them wherever they found them. The www.travelwv.com MID-OHIO VALLEY 250 www.tourmorgantown.com 304-822-7477 304-473-1400 virginia.org In August, After the fighting Voters in the western counties ratified Confederate guerrillas, likewise, struck City of Spencer Philippi www.cometohampshire.com www.visitupshur.org HHH Confederate president and maneuvering in it on April 3, 1862. The new legislature, any target of opportunity from Unionist 304-927-1640 Huttonsville Blue and Gray Reunion Hardy County CVB MARYLAND TRAILS INFORMATION Jefferson Davis sent Elkwater 1861, much of the area which convened on May 13, requested civilians to local government officials. www.cityofspencer.com NORTHERN PANHANDLE (Fort Marrow) 304-457-3700 304-897-8700 View of Parkersburg from Fort Boreman his senior military that would become the state’s admission to the Union. Officially, both the United States Greater Parkersburg CVB Wheeling Heritage Courtesy Marty Seufer, Greater Parkersburg CVB 1-877-209-5883 250 www.philippi.org www.visithardywv.com advisor, Gen. Robert West Virginia was in The U.S. Congress passed a bill—soon and the Confederate States denounced 800-752-4982 304-232-3087 visitmaryland.org Rowlesburg Tourism Commission Pendleton County CVB E. Lee, to western Union hands, where it amended to address the slavery issue— such “irregular” warfare, but each www.greaterparkersburg.com www.wheelingheritage.org HHH 304-454-2095 304-358-3884 55 Virginia to salvage the remained for the rest of that President Abraham Lincoln signed side supported its own guerrillas while www.rowlesburgguide.com Ripley CVB www.pendletoncountywv.com Wheeling CVB NORTH CAROLINA TRAILS INFORMATION situation. In contrast Cheat Summit the war. Confederates on December 31, 1862, and on March 26, condemning those of the other side. 304-514-2609 800-828-3097 Fort Pocahontas County CVB 1-800-VISIT NC with his future mounted periodic raids 1863, the voters approved a state consti- The “war within the war” was so vicious NEW RIVER-GREENBRIER VALLEY www.visitripleywv.com www.wheelingcvb.com 800-336-7009 visitnc.com adversary McClellan, Camp and isolated actions but tutional provision to deal with slavery. and uncontrollable, despite attempts Allegheny Chamber of the Two Virginias Ritchie Co. Tourism & www.pocahontascountywv.com HHH Lee failed. Many Monterey never again seriously West Virginia became the 35th state on to regulate it with “partisan ranger” 304-487-1502 Visitors Bureau 219 www.shepherd.edu/civilwar Tucker County CVB TENNESSEE TRAILS INFORMATION factors conspired threatened Federal June 20 under Gov. Arthur I. Boreman. legislation, that hatreds and low-level www.coctwovirginias.com 833-290-8659 800-782-2775 www.visitritchiecounty.com against Lee: friction control there. Two 45th U.S. Colored Troops companies violence continued in some areas for www.canaanvalley.org 1-615-741-2159 between subordinate were credited to the new state. decades after the war ended. tnvacation.com Huntersville Mathias Homestead, Courtesy Hardy County CVB and Albert Mach 39 Follow these signs to more than 1,650 Civil War sites.